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Kunden PDF Von Repromedia Wien 3 Die neulateinische Bibliothek Johannes Freinsheim Supplementa in Q. Curtium Supplemente zu Q. Curtius Supplementa in Q. Curtium Supplementa zu Q. Curtius Supplemente Herausgegeben, übersetzt und erläutert von Gabriel Siemoneit ISSN 2521-3229 ISBN 978-3-903207-06-6 Johannes Freinsheim Johannes U1_AR_Curtium_lat-dt.indd 1 01.08.2019 13:30 Uhr Cover-AR03-Curtium_END_29mmBund.indd 1 25.06.19 15:53 Supplementa in Q. Curtium Supplemente zu Q. Curtius AR_Curtium_Einleitung_12-6-2019.indd 1 12.06.19 14:26 Die neulateinische Bibliothek Artes Renascentes – Series Germanica Band 3 Herausgegeben von Hartmut Wulfram (Wien) Daniela Mairhofer (Princeton) Gernot Michael Müller (Eichstätt) Florian Schaffenrath (Innsbruck) Wien 2019 AR_Curtium_Einleitung_5-8-2019.indd 2 07.08.19 12:47 Johannes Freinsheim Supplementa in Q. Curtium Supplemente zu Q. Curtius Herausgegeben, übersetzt und erläutert von Gabriel Siemoneit Wien 2019 AR_Curtium_Einleitung_5-8-2019.indd 1 07.08.19 12:47 Impressum Die neulateinische Bibliothek Artes Renascentes – Series Germanica Band 3 „Supplementa in Q. Curtium. Supplemente zu Q. Curtius“ Herausgegeben, übersetzt und erläutert von Gabriel Siemoneit Reihenherausgeber: Hartmut Wulfram (Wien) Daniela Mairhofer (Princeton) Gernot Michael Müller (Eichstätt) Florian Schaffenrath (Innsbruck) Eigentümer & Verleger: Verlag Holzhausen GmbH, Leberstraße 122, A-1110 Wien, Österreich Bildnachweis: Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, MMerian AB 3.42 (Ausschnitt) Veröffentlicht mit Unterstützung des Austrian Science Fund (FWF): PUB 609-Z30 Verlagsort: Wien – Herstellungsort: Wien – Printed in the EU 1. Auflage 2019 ISSN: 2521-3229 ISBN: 978-3-903207-06-6 © Verlag Holzhausen GmbH, 2019 Bibliografische Informationen der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek und der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek: Die ÖNB und die DNB verzeichnen diese Publikation in den National- bibliografien; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind imInternet abrufbar. Für die Österrei- chische Bibliothek: http://onb.ac.at, für die Deutsche Bibliothek: http://dnb.ddb.de. Alle Rechte, insbesondere das Recht der Vervielfältigung und Verbreitung sowie der Über- setzung, sind dem Verlag vorbehalten. Kein Teil des Werks darf in irgendeiner Form (durch Fotokopie, Mikrofilm oder ein anderes Verfahren) ohne schriftliche Genehmigung des Ver- lags reproduziert oder unter Verwendung elektronischer Systeme gespeichert, verarbeitet, vervielfältigt oder verbreitet werden. www.verlagholzhausen.at Sofern vom Verlag nicht anders verlautbart, wird der Text dieser Werkfassung bis auf Weiteres unter der Lizenz »Creative Commons (CC) BY 4.0« zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Informationen zu dem Umfang dieser Lizenz sind unter ‹http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/› abrufbar. AR_Curtium_Einleitung_5-8-2019.indd 2 07.08.19 12:48 Danksagung Dieses Buch wäre nicht ohne die Unterstützung zahlreicher Personen und Institutionen entstanden, denen ich an dieser Stelle herzlich danke. Namentlich Dank sagen möchte ich meinem Doktorvater Herrn Prof. Dr. Hartmut Wulfram, der das Thema meiner Dissertation angeregt hat, zu der die vorliegende Ausgabe ein Seitenstück darstellt, sowie Frau Ass. Prof. Dr. Daniela Mairhofer für wertvolle philologische Kritik. Frau Dr. Margit Kamptner danke ich für die Übernahme des gründlichen Lektorats von lateinischem Original und Übersetzung. Sie hat mich vor so mancher Peinlichkeit bewahrt; die Verantwortung für verbleibende Fehler liegt allein bei mir. Ich danke den anonymen Gutachterinnen und Gutachtern, die das Manuskript für publikationswürdig erachtet haben, sowie dem Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF), der durch einen großzügigen Druckkostenzuschuss die Publika- tion ermöglicht hat (PUB 609-Z30). Dem Verlag Holzhausen danke ich für die kompetente und unkomplizierte Zusammenarbeit. Bielefeld/Wien, im Mai 2019 AR_Curtium_Einleitung_12-6-2019.indd 3 12.06.19 14:26 AR_Curtium_Einleitung_12-6-2019.indd 4 12.06.19 14:26 Inhalt Einleitung 5 Vorbemerkung 7 1 Literarische Alexanderbilder 10 2 Curtius Rufus 12 3 Entstehungsbedingungen und Einflüsse 14 3.1 Humanistische Geschichtswissenschaft 14 3.2 Justus Lipsius, Politica 18 3.3 Matthias Bernegger 19 4 Johannes Freinsheim: Zu Leben und Werk 21 5 Das Supplement 24 5.1 Lateinische Vorgängersupplemente 24 5.2 Die Straßburger Drucke von 1639, 1640 und 1670 28 5.3 Inhalt und Aufbau 32 5.4 Quellen 38 5.5 Sprachliche und erzählerische Charakteristika 41 5.6 Themen 43 6 Zusammenfassung 46 7 Zu dieser Ausgabe 47 Johannes Freinsheim Supplementa in Q. Curtium Supplemente zu Q. Curtius 51 Anmerkungen 307 Literaturverzeichnis 319 Anhang 368 Index 371 AR_Curtium_Einleitung_12-6-2019.indd 5 12.06.19 14:26 AR_Curtium_Einleitung_12-6-2019.indd 6 12.06.19 14:26 Einleitung AR_Curtium_Einleitung_12-6-2019.indd 7 12.06.19 14:26 AR_Curtium_Einleitung_12-6-2019.indd 8 12.06.19 14:26 EINLEITUNG 9 Vorbemerkung Johannes Freinsheims Supplementa in Q. Curtium („Supplemente zu Q. Curtius“) erschienen erstmals im Jahr 1639 in Straßburg.1 Formal handelt es sich bei dem Text um ein Supplement, also um eine Ergän- zung bzw. Vervollständigung, zu den Historiae Alexandri des kaiserzeitli- chen Historikers Q. Curtius Rufus. Dessen Alexandergeschichte (wahrsch. 1. Jh.), mithin der einzige bekannte Bericht in lateinischer Sprache, der sich ausschließlich dem Leben und den Taten Alexanders des Großen (356–323 v. Chr.) widmet, hatte im Zuge der Überlieferung größere Textverluste erlitten, die Freinsheim auf Basis von Parallelquellen wieder auffüllte. Im Jahr darauf veröffentlichte er dann noch eine Edition der erhaltenen Teile, sodass die Historiae zum ersten Mal nach etlichen Jahrhunderten sozusagen wieder vollständig vorlagen. Tatsächlich aber ist nicht einfach ein Stück Schöner Literatur avant la lettre entstanden, sondern ein mehrdimensionales Werk mit wissenschaftlichem Anspruch, bei dem sich Geschichtsschreibung und das Bemühen um politische Krisenbewältigung, aber auch ein subtiles Eintreten für die protestanti- sche Sache im Dreißigjährigen Krieg überlagern. Der Alexander des Sup- plements bewährt sich permanent im konkret-realen Einzelfall und dient so als Vehikel für die Darstellung einer kasuistisch fundierten, machiavel- listisch gefärbten Form von Machtausübung, die den Frieden sichern und dem Gemeinwohl dienen soll, die sich aber ebenso gut als Gegen- modell zur Herrschaftspraxis katholischer Akteure interpretieren ließ. Die weiteren Abschnitte dieser Einleitung wollen das Supplement zunächst als literarisches Rezeptionsphänomen von Alexander dem Großen (1.1) und Curtius Rufus markieren (1.2), dann in den Kontext humanistischer Geschichtswissenschaft einordnen (1.3.1) und mit Justus Lipsius (1.3.2) und Matthias Bernegger (1.3.3) zwei wesentliche Ein- flussgrößen benennen. Es folgen eine Kurzvorstellung Johannes Freins- heims (1.4) und des Supplements, wobei neben lateinischsprachigen Vorläufersupplementen (1.5.1) und ersten Druckausgaben (1.5.2) vor 1 Die folgende Einleitung basiert auf einer Wiener Dissertation (Siemoneit 2017). AR_Curtium_Einleitung_12-6-2019.indd 9 12.06.19 14:26 10 EINLEITUNG allem auf den Inhalt (1.5.3), die Quellen (1.5.4), sprachliche und erzäh- lerische Charakteristika (1.5.5) sowie die behandelten Themenbereiche (1.5.6) eingegangen wird. Eine zusammenfassende Deutung beschließt den interpretatorischen Teil (1.6), sodann folgen die Prinzipien von Edi- tion und Übersetzung (1.7). 1 Literarische Alexanderbilder „Alexander ist nur in zweiter Linie eine geschichtliche Persönlichkeit; in erster Linie ist er eine literarische Figur“.2 Der Feldzug, auf dem der junge makedonische König Alexander III. innerhalb von nur rund 10 Jahren (334–324 v. Chr.) das Achämeniden- reich eroberte und die Grenzen der griechisch beeinflussten Welt über den Vorderen Orient und große Teile Zentralasiens hinaus bis zum indi- schen Subkontinent ausdehnte, gehört zu den großen Erzählungen der Menschheit. Die Geschichte des jugendlich-unerfahrenen, völlig unter- schätzten Feldherrn, der sich das persische Großreich unterwarf und in Regionen der Welt vordrang, die man höchstens vom Hörensagen kannte, beflügelte die Phantasie der Menschen. Weil die Ereignisse von Anfang an gezielt stilisiert und für ganz unterschiedliche Zwecke verein- nahmt wurden, hatte sich der Makedone noch zu Lebzeiten in eine beliebte Projektionsfläche für ganz verschiedene Botschaften, Wünsche und Hoffnungen, Lob und Kritik transformiert, die ein gewisses Eigen- leben entwickelte und weniger den historischen Alexander, als vielmehr die literarisch vermittelten Alexanderbilder der griechisch-römischen Überlieferung im kulturellen Gedächtnis verankerte. 2 Rubel 2013, 20. Die Stoffgeschichte der literarischen Alexandertradition in Antike, Mittel alter und Neuzeit würde ein vielbändiges Werk füllen; für einen ersten Überblick sei auf Moore 2018 und von Möllendorff et al. 2013 verwiesen. Einführungen in deutscher Sprache zum historischen Alexander z.B. bei Gehrke 2013; Demandt 2009; Engels 2006; Wiemer 2005; siehe auch die Aufsatzsammlung bei Roisman 2003. AR_Curtium_Einleitung_12-6-2019.indd 10 12.06.19 14:26 EINLEITUNG 11 Zeitgenössische Berichte über den Zug oder Teilaspekte davon wurden zwar angefertigt, sind aber heute verloren.3 Sie entwarfen „bereits vielzählige Varianten positiver, negativer und ambivalenter Alexanderbilder“:4 Die propagandistisch-verherrlichende Erzählung des Kallisthenes von Olynth (BNJ 124), eine Alexandergeschichte in 10 oder 11 Büchern des Chares von Mytilene (BNJ 125), die hasserfüllte Abhandlung über die letzten Jahre Alexanders des
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