DOCSLIB.ORG

Herd Behavior and Individuals' Information System Behaviors

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Herd Behavior and Individuals' Information System Behaviors HERD BEHAVIOR AND INDIVIDUALS’ INFORMATION SYSTEM BEHAVIORS: USAGE, ABANDONMENT, AND EXPLORATION INTENTIONS By Mirmahdi Darbanhosseiniamirkhiz (Mehdi Darban) A dissertation submitted in partial fuLfiLLment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Management & Information Systems) Department of Management & Information Systems 2018 DoctoraL Committee: Dr. Greta Polites, Chair Dr. Mary Hogue Dr. Dong-Heon Kwak Dr. Christopher Groening Dissertation written by: Mirmahdi Darbanhosseiniamirkhiz B.S., University of Tabriz, 1999 M.B.A., University TechnoLogy MaLaysia, 2013 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2018 Approved by: Dr. Greta Polites Chair, DoctoraL Dissertation Committee Dr. Mary Hogue Member, DoctoraL Dissertation Committee Dr. Dong-Heon Kwak Member, DoctoraL Dissertation Committee Dr. Christopher Groening Member, DoctoraL Dissertation Committee Accepted by: DoctoraL Director, Graduate Programs Dean, Graduate Programs TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................................... ix I. CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................... 1 II. CHAPTER 2: Herd Behavior in TechnoLogy Adoption: The RoLe of Adopter and Technology Characteristics ................................................................................................. 39 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 39 THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................ 42 Herd Behavior .............................................................................................................. 42 InformationaL Cascades .......................................................................................... 43 ObservationaL Learning and the Uncertainty of Adoption ....................... 44 RESEARCH MODEL ................................................................................................................... 46 Antecedents of Herd Behavior .............................................................................. 48 Adopter Characteristics ........................................................................................... 50 Technology Characteristics .................................................................................... 56 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................... 65 Research Design and Procedure ......................................................................... 65 AnaLysis ........................................................................................................................... 72 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................ 72 Measurement Model Evaluation .......................................................................... 73 Structural Model ......................................................................................................... 76 DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................ 79 Major Findings ............................................................................................................ 79 TheoreticaL Contributions and ImpLications for Research ....................... 82 PracticaL ImpLications ............................................................................................... 88 III Limitations and Directions for Future Research .......................................... 90 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 91 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 92 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................ 105 TabLes ........................................................................................................................... 106 Figures .......................................................................................................................... 108 Appendix A: Situating Task ................................................................................. 110 Appendix B: Treatments ....................................................................................... 111 Appendix C: Questionnaire Items ..................................................................... 112 Appendix D: Item Loadings and Correlations ............................................. 116 III. CHAPTER 3: Herd Behavior and Continued Use of Technology: The Case of Technology Abandonment Intentions .......................................................................... 118 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 118 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ........................................................................................ 122 Herd Theory ............................................................................................................ 124 RESEARCH MODEL AND HYPOTHESES ....................................................................... 128 Propensity for Imitation ....................................................................................... 128 Task–Technology Fit ............................................................................................. 130 Abandonment ........................................................................................................... 141 METHOD .................................................................................................................................... 152 Research Design and Procedure ....................................................................... 152 ANALYSIS AND RESULTS .................................................................................................... 163 Measurement ModeL .............................................................................................. 164 Structural Model ...................................................................................................... 167 DISCUSSION .............................................................................................................................. 170 Major Findings .......................................................................................................... 171 TheoreticaL Contributions and ImpLications for Research .................... 172 PracticaL ImpLications ............................................................................................ 177 Limitations and Directions for Future Research ....................................... 179 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 180 IV REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 182 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................ 196 TabLes ........................................................................................................................... 197 Figures .......................................................................................................................... 198 Appendix A: Summary of ReLevant Literature On Abandonment ...... 201 Appendix B: Situating Task ................................................................................. 202 Appendix C: Herd SimuLation ............................................................................. 203 Appendix D: Questionnaire Items .................................................................... 204 Appendix E: Item Loadings and Correlations .............................................. 207 Appendix F: List of DeveLoped Items to measure Perceived Niche ... 209 IV. CHAPTER 4: Promotion of ExpLorative IT Learning: A MuLtiLeveL AnaLysis . 210 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 210 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ........................................................................................ 216 IT Training .................................................................................................................. 216 Post-Adoption Behaviors ..................................................................................... 217 Technology Exploration ......................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Theoretical Analysis of ISIS Indoctrination and Recruitment
    California State University, Monterey Bay Digital Commons @ CSUMB Capstone Projects and Master's Theses Capstone Projects and Master's Theses 12-2016 A Theoretical Analysis of ISIS Indoctrination and Recruitment Trevor Hawkins California State University, Monterey Bay Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/caps_thes_all Part of the Other Political Science Commons, Other Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons, Other Sociology Commons, Political Theory Commons, Quantitative, Qualitative, Comparative, and Historical Methodologies Commons, Social Psychology Commons, and the Theory and Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Hawkins, Trevor, "A Theoretical Analysis of ISIS Indoctrination and Recruitment" (2016). Capstone Projects and Master's Theses. 7. https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/caps_thes_all/7 This Capstone Project (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Capstone Projects and Master's Theses at Digital Commons @ CSUMB. It has been accepted for inclusion in Capstone Projects and Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ CSUMB. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Running Head: ISIS RECRUITMENT A Theoretical Analysis of ISIS Indoctrination and Recruitment Tactics Trevor W. Hawkins California State University of Monterey Bay SBS: 402 Capstone II Professor Juan Jose Gutiérrez, Ph.d. Professor Gerald Shenk, Ph.d. Professor Jennifer Lucido, M.A. December 2016 ISIS RECRUITMENT 2 Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Theoretical Framework 6 Influence Psychology 6 Cult Indoctrination 7 Soviet Montage Theory 7 Methodology 8 Execution of Cult Indoctrination Paradigm 9 Execution of Soviet Montage Paradigm 9 Use of Analysis Technology 10 Literature Review 10 I. The Production of Reality Objective Reality 10 Moral Reality 12 Reality of the Self 13 Moral Reality in Context 14 Objective Reality in Context 15 As Context Becomes Reality 16 II.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 20: Attitudes and Social Influence
    Psychology Journal Write a definition of prejudice in your journal, and list four examples of prejudiced thinking. ■ PSYCHOLOGY Chapter Overview Visit the Understanding Psychology Web site at glencoe.com and click on Chapter 20—Chapter Overviews to preview the chapter. 576 Attitude Formation Reader’s Guide ■ Main Idea Exploring Psychology Our attitudes are the result of condition- ing, observational learning, and cogni- An Attitude of Disbelief tive evaluation. Our attitudes help us On July 20, 1969, Astronaut Neil define ourselves and our place in soci- Armstrong emerged from a space capsule ety, evaluate people and events, and some 250,000 miles from Earth and, while guide our behavior. millions of television viewers watched, ■ Vocabulary became the first man to set foot upon the • attitude moon. Since that time other astronauts • self-concept have experienced that same monumental unique experience in space, yet there are ■ Objectives in existence today numerous relatively • Trace the origin of attitudes. intelligent, otherwise normal humans who • Describe the functions of attitudes. insist it never happened—that the masses have been completely deluded by some weird government hoax—a conspiracy of monumental proportions! There is even a well-publicized organization in England named “The Flat Earth Society,” which seriously challenges with interesting logic all such claims of space travel and evi- dence that the earth is round. —from Story of Attitudes and Emotions by Edgar Cayce, 1972 hat do you accept as fact? What do you call products of fan- tasy? Your attitudes can lead you to believe that something is Wfact when it is really imaginary or that something is not real when it really is fact.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Norms and Social Influence Mcdonald and Crandall 149
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Social norms and social influence Rachel I McDonald and Christian S Crandall Psychology has a long history of demonstrating the power and and their imitation is not enough to implicate social reach of social norms; they can hardly be overestimated. To norms. Imitation is common enough in many forms of demonstrate their enduring influence on a broad range of social life — what creates the foundation for culture and society phenomena, we describe two fields where research continues is not the imitation, but the expectation of others for when to highlight the power of social norms: prejudice and energy imitation is appropriate, and when it is not. use. The prejudices that people report map almost perfectly onto what is socially appropriate, likewise, people adjust their A social norm is an expectation about appropriate behav- energy use to be more in line with their neighbors. We review ior that occurs in a group context. Sherif and Sherif [8] say new approaches examining the effects of norms stemming that social norms are ‘formed in group situations and from multiple groups, and utilizing normative referents to shift subsequently serve as standards for the individual’s per- behaviors in social networks. Though the focus of less research ception and judgment when he [sic] is not in the group in recent years, our review highlights the fundamental influence situation. The individual’s major social attitudes are of social norms on social behavior. formed in relation to group norms (pp. 202–203).’ Social norms, or group norms, are ‘regularities in attitudes and Address behavior that characterize a social group and differentiate Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, it from other social groups’ [9 ] (p.
    [Show full text]
  • Herd Behavior and the Quality of Opinions
    Journal of Socio-Economics 32 (2003) 661–673 Herd behavior and the quality of opinions Shinji Teraji Department of Economics, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8514, Japan Accepted 14 October 2003 Abstract This paper analyzes a decentralized decision model by adding some inertia in the social leaning process. Before making a decision, an agent can observe the group opinion in a society. Social learning can result in a variety of equilibrium behavioral patterns. For insufficient ranges of quality (precision) of opinions, the chosen stationary state is unique and globally accessible, in which all agents adopt the superior action. Sufficient quality of opinions gives rise to multiple stationary states. One of them will be characterized by inefficient herding. The confidence in the majority opinion then has serious welfare consequences. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. JEL classification: D83 Keywords: Herd behavior; Social learning; Opinions; Equilibrium selection 1. Introduction Missing information is ubiquitous in our society. Product alternatives at the store, in catalogs, and on the Internet are seldom fully described, and detailed specifications are often hidden in manuals that are not easily accessible. In fact, which product a person decides to buy will depend on the experience of other purchasers. Learning from others is a central feature of most cognitive and choice activities, through which a group of interacting agents deals with environmental uncertainty. The effect of observing the consumption of others is described as the socialization effect. The pieces of information are processed by agents to update their assessments. Here people may change their preferences as a result of E-mail address: [email protected] (S.
    [Show full text]
  • A Behavioural and Neuroeconomic Analysis of Individual Differences
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Apollo Herding in Financial Behaviour: A Behavioural and Neuroeconomic Analysis of Individual Differences M. Baddeley, C. Burke, W. Schultz and P. Tobler May 2012 CWPE 1225 1 HERDING IN FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR: A BEHAVIOURAL AND NEUROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES1,2 ABSTRACT Experimental analyses have identified significant tendencies for individuals to follow herd decisions, a finding which has been explained using Bayesian principles. This paper outlines the results from a herding task designed to extend these analyses using evidence from a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Empirically, we estimate logistic functions using panel estimation techniques to quantify the impact of herd decisions on individuals' financial decisions. We confirm that there are statistically significant propensities to herd and that social information about others' decisions has an impact on individuals' decisions. We extend these findings by identifying associations between herding propensities and individual characteristics including gender, age and various personality traits. In addition fMRI evidence shows that individual differences correlate strongly with activations in the amygdala – an area of the brain commonly associated with social decision-making. Individual differences also correlate strongly with amygdala activations during herding decisions. These findings are used to construct a two stage least squares model of financial herding which confirms that individual differences and neural responses play a role in modulating the propensity to herd. Keywords: herding; social influence; individual differences; neuroeconomics; fMRI; amygdala JEL codes: D03, D53, D70, D83, D87, G11 1. Introduction Herding occurs when individuals‘ private information is overwhelmed by the influence of public information about the decisions of a herd or group.
    [Show full text]
  • Herd Behavior by Commonlit Staff 2014
    Name: Class: Herd Behavior By CommonLit Staff 2014 “Herd behavior” is a term used to describe the tendency of individuals to think and act as a group. As you read, take notes on the causes of herd behavior. Background [1] The term “herd behavior” comes from the behavior of animals in herds, particularly when they are in a dangerous situation such as escaping a predator. All of the animals band closely together in a group and, in panic mode, move together as a unit. It is very unusual for a member of the herd to stray from the movement of the unit. The term also applies to human behavior, and it usually describes large numbers of people acting the same way at the same time. It often has a "Herd of Goats" by Unknown is in the public domain. connotation1 of irrationality, as people’s actions are driven by emotion rather than by thinking through a situation. Human herd behavior can be observed at large-scale demonstrations, riots, strikes, religious gatherings, sports events, and outbreaks of mob violence. When herd behavior sets in, an individual person’s judgment and opinion- forming process shut down as he or she automatically follows the group’s movement and behavior. Examples of Herd Behavior Herd behavior in humans is frequently observed at times of danger and panic; for example, a fire in a building often causes herd behavior, with people often suspending their individual reasoning and fleeing together in a pack. People in a crisis that requires escape will attempt to move faster than normal, copy the actions of others, interact physically with each other, and ignore alternative strategies in favor of following the mass escape trend.
    [Show full text]
  • Propaganda Fitzmaurice
    Propaganda Fitzmaurice Propaganda Katherine Fitzmaurice Brock University Abstract This essay looks at how the definition and use of the word propaganda has evolved throughout history. In particular, it examines how propaganda and education are intrinsically linked, and the implications of such a relationship. Propaganda’s role in education is problematic as on the surface, it appears to serve as a warning against the dangers of propaganda, yet at the same time it disseminates the ideology of a dominant political power through curriculum and practice. Although propaganda can easily permeate our thoughts and actions, critical thinking and awareness can provide the best defense against falling into propaganda’s trap of conformity and ignorance. Keywords: propaganda, education, indoctrination, curriculum, ideology Katherine Fitzmaurice is a Master’s of Education (M.Ed.) student at Brock University. She is currently employed in the private business sector and is a volunteer with several local educational organizations. Her research interests include adult literacy education, issues of access and equity for marginalized adults, and the future and widening of adult education. Email: [email protected] 63 Brock Education Journal, 27(2), 2018 Propaganda Fitzmaurice According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED, 2011) the word propaganda can be traced back to 1621-23, when it first appeared in “Congregatio de progapanda fide,” meaning “congregation for propagating the faith.” This was a mission, commissioned by Pope Gregory XV, to spread the doctrine of the Catholic Church to non-believers. At the time, propaganda was defined as “an organization, scheme, or movement for the propagation of a particular doctrine, practice, etc.” (OED).
    [Show full text]
  • Changing People's Preferences by the State and the Law
    CHANGING PEOPLE'S PREFERENCES BY THE STATE AND THE LAW Ariel Porat* In standard economic models, two basic assumptions are made: the first, that actors are rational and, the second, that actors' preferences are a given and exogenously determined. Behavioral economics—followed by behavioral law and economics—has questioned the first assumption. This article challenges the second one, arguing that in many instances, social welfare should be enhanced not by maximizing satisfaction of existing preferences but by changing the preferences themselves. The article identifies seven categories of cases where the traditional objections to intentional preferences change by the state and the law lose force and argues that in these cases, such a change warrants serious consideration. The article then proposes four different modes of intervention in people's preferences, varying in intensity, on the one hand, and the identity of their addressees, on the other, and explains the relative advantages and disadvantages of each form of intervention. * Alain Poher Professor of Law at Tel Aviv University, Fischel-Neil Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law at the University of Chicago Law School, Visiting Professor of Law at Stanford Law School (Fall 2016) and Visiting Professor of Law at Berkeley Law School (Spring 2017). For their very helpful comments, I thank Ronen Avraham, Oren Bar-Gill, Yitzhak Benbaji, Hanoch Dagan, Yuval Feldman, Talia Fisher, Haim Ganz, Jacob Goldin, Sharon Hannes, David Heyd, Amir Khoury, Roy Kreitner, Tami Kricheli-Katz, Shai Lavi, Daphna Lewinsohn- Zamir, Nira Liberman, Amir Licht, Haggai Porat, Eric Posner, Ariel Rubinstein, Uzi Segal, and the participants in workshops at the Interdisciplinary Center in Herzliya and the Tel Aviv University Faculty of Law.
    [Show full text]
  • Situational Characteristics and Social Influence: a Conceptual Overview
    CAN UNCLASSIFIED Situational characteristics and social influence: A conceptual overview Leandre R. Fabrigar Queen's University Thomas Vaughan-Johnston, Matthew Kan Queen's University Anthony Seaboyer Royal Military College of Canada Prepared by: Queen's University Department of Psychology Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 MOU/MOA: DND RMCC - Service Level Arrangement with Royal Military College of Canada (RMCC) concerning contribution to DRDC's Program Technical Authority: Lianne McLellan, DRDC – Toronto Research Centre Contractor's date of publication: June 2018 Defence Research and Development Canada Contract Report DRDC-RDDC-2018-C121 6HSWHPEHU 2018 CAN UNCLASSIFIED CAN UNCLASSIFIED IMPORTANT INFORMATIVE STATEMENTS This document was reviewed for Controlled Goods by Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) using the Schedule to the Defence Production Act. Disclaimer: This document is not published by the Editorial Office of Defence Research and Development Canada, an agency of the Department of National Defence of Canada but is to be catalogued in the Canadian Defence Information System (CANDIS), the national repository for Defence S&T documents. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada (Department of National Defence) makes no representations or warranties, expressed or implied, of any kind whatsoever, and assumes no liability for the accuracy, reliability, completeness, currency or usefulness of any information, product, process or material included in this document. Nothing in this document should be interpreted as an endorsement for the specific use of any tool, technique or process examined in it. Any reliance on, or use of, any information, product, process or material included in this document is at the sole risk of the person so using it or relying on it.
    [Show full text]
  • Conformity, Gender and the Sex Composition of the Group
    Stockholm School of Economics Department of Economics Bachelor’s Thesis Spring 2010 Conformity, Gender and the Sex Composition of the Group Abstract In light of the current debate of the sex distribution in Swedish company boards we study how a proportional increase of women would affect conformity behavior. We compare conformity levels between men and women as well as conformity levels between same-sex and mixed-sex groups. The results suggest that same-sex groups conform significantly more than mixed-sex groups due to higher levels of normative social influence. No differences are found in the levels of informational or normative social influence between men and women. These finding possibly suggest lower levels of normative social influence in company boards with more equal sex distribution. Key Words: Conformity, Gender Differences, Group Composition Authors: Makan Amini* Fredrik Strömsten** Tutor: Tore Ellingsen Examiner: Örjan Sjöberg *E-mail: [email protected] **E-mail: [email protected] Acknowledgements We would like to thank our tutor Tore Ellingsen for his guidance and inspiration during the thesis work. We would also like to express our gratitude to Magnus Johannesson and Per-Henrik Hedberg who have devoted their time to support our work through very important and helpful comments. Finally we are impressed by the large number of students from the Stockholm School of Economics who participated in the experiments. This study would of course never have been possible without you. Table of Contents 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Integrity: Its Causes and Cures
    Fordham Law Review Volume 72 Issue 2 Article 4 2003 Integrity: Its Causes and Cures David Luban Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation David Luban, Integrity: Its Causes and Cures, 72 Fordham L. Rev. 279 (2003). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol72/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Law Review by an authorized editor of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTEGRITY: ITS CAUSES AND CURES David Luban* Integrity is a good thing, isn't it? In ordinary parlance, we sometimes use it as a near synonym for honesty, but the word means much more than honesty alone. It means wholeness or unity of person, an inner consistency between deed and principle. "Integrity" shares etymology with other unity-words-integer, integral, integrate, integration. All derive from the Latin integrare,to make whole. And the person of integrity is the person whose conduct and principles operate in happy harmony. Our psyches always seek that happy harmony. When our conduct and principles clash with each other, the result, social psychology teaches us, is cognitive dissonance. And dissonance theory hypothesizes that one of our fundamental psychic mechanisms is the drive to reduce dissonance. You can reduce dissonance between conduct and principles in two ways. The high road, if you choose to take it, requires you to conform your conduct to your principles.
    [Show full text]
  • Society Persuasion In
    PERSUASION IN SOCIETY HERBERT W. SIMONS with JOANNE MORREALE and BRUCE GRONBECK Table of Contents List of Artwork in Persuasion in Society xiv About the Author xvii Acknowledgments xix Preface xx Part 1: Understanding Persuasion 1. The Study of Persuasion 3 Defining Persuasion 5 Why Is Persuasion Important? 10 Studying Persuasion 14 The Behavioral Approach: Social-Scientific Research on the Communication-Persuasion Matrix 15 The Critical Studies Approach: Case Studies and “Genre-alizations” 17 Summary 20 Questions and Projects for Further Study 21 2. The Psychology of Persuasion: Basic Principles 25 Beliefs and Values as Building Blocks of Attitudes 27 Persuasion by Degrees: Adapting to Different Audiences 29 Schemas: Attitudes as Knowledge Structures 32 From Attitudes to Actions: The Role of Subjective Norms 34 Elaboration Likelihood Model: Two Routes to Persuasion 34 Persuasion as a Learning Process 36 Persuasion as Information Processing 37 Persuasion and Incentives 38 Persuasion by Association 39 Persuasion as Psychological Unbalancing and Rebalancing 40 Summary 41 Questions and Projects for Further Study 42 3. Persuasion Broadly Considered 47 Two Levels of Communication: Content and Relational 49 Impression Management 51 Deception About Persuasive Intent 51 Deceptive Deception 52 Expression Games 54 Persuasion in the Guise of Objectivity 55 Accounting Statements and Cost-Benefit Analyses 55 News Reporting 56 Scientific Reporting 57 History Textbooks 58 Reported Discoveries of Social Problems 59 How Multiple Messages Shape Ideologies 59 The Making of McWorld 63 Summary 66 Questions and Projects for Further Study 68 Part 2: The Coactive Approach 4. Coactive Persuasion 73 Using Receiver-Oriented Approaches 74 Being Situation Sensitive 76 Combining Similarity and Credibility 79 Building on Acceptable Premises 82 Appearing Reasonable and Providing Psychological Income 85 Using Communication Resources 86 Summary 88 Questions and Projects for Further Study 89 5.
    [Show full text]