City of Flint Community Profiles by Ward

By Troy Rosencrants, GIS Manager, GIS Center Department of Geography, Planning, and Environment

Matt McCloskey, Student Research Assistant Department of Geography, Planning, and Environment

Sara McDonnell, Program Manager University Outreach Table of Contents Executive Summary...... 3

A. Introduction...... 4

B. Data and Methods...... 5

C. Profiles...... 7

City...... 7

Ward 1...... 11

Ward 2...... 15

Ward 3...... 19

Ward 4...... 23

Ward 5...... 27

Ward 6...... 31

Ward 7...... 35

Ward 8...... 39

Ward 9...... 43

D. Conclusions...... 46

References...... 46

Appendices...... 47 Executive Summary In this report, the researchers investigated the • Over half of the population lives with family, demographics and community assets within 36% of these family households live in poverty the City of Flint and within each of the 9 wardsa representing approximately 8,000 households. located in the city limits. An estimated total 40,000 individuals live in poverty, representing 40% of the city’s We anticipate this report being useful for population. assessing the major similarities and differences across the city’s 9 wards as it relates to • The city’s potential workforce are individuals population, parks, and properties. This report may ages 18-64 and represents 62% of the population. also serve as an educational and planning tool for There are approximately 30,000 employed officials and professionals working in the City of individuals primarily in the service industry or Flint, providing a snapshot of basic demographic in a sales or office environment, followed by and asset information for the city. production and transportation, professional, or construction industries. Data from the US Census Bureau, Reference USA, State of Michigan, Genesee County Land Bank, • One out of five Flint residents has a college Mass Transportation Authority, and the City of degree, with the highest concentration (37%) Flint were used to complete the 9 ward profiles. living in Ward 7. The information presented is primarily from 2017, • Individuals 65 years and older comprise 12% of with exception of the population information the city’s population, representing 9-16% of the that is based on 2011-2016 estimates from the US total population within the individual wards. On Census. average, 10% of individuals 65 years and older The data collected were tied to a physical location live in poverty. within the city and analyzed within a geographic • Ward 8 is the largest ward by square miles, information system (GIS). The results presented mostly due to Bishop International Airport being are based on estimates and should not be located within the ward. Ward 3 is second largest interpreted as absolute numbers, in particular the with a large industrial property (most of former property level information changes almost daily Buick City) located within the ward. and should be noted when referencing this report. • Wards 1 and 2 have the highest percentage of The research team is comprised of staff and African-American population. Wards 4 and 8 have students working on the Map Flint project at the largest white populations. Ward 4 also has the University of Michigan-Flint and includes: the highest Hispanic population within the city. Troy Rosencrants, GIS manager, Department of Geography Planning and Environment; Matt • Ward 1 has the oldest population (median age of McCloskey, GIS student research assistant; and 39 years) and Wards 5 and 8 have the youngest Sara McDonnell, program manager, Office of populations (median age of 33 years). University Outreach. Graphic design services • Ward 8’s population has the highest average were provided by Lindsay Stoddard, University median household income at $32,300. Ward 3 Communications and Marketing. Project advisors has the highest poverty rate (50%), although the include Marty Kaufman, Ph.D., Department of other wards poverty rates range from 35% to Geography, Planning, and Environment, Paula 43%. Nas, J.D., Department of Economics and University Outreach, and David Merot, University Outreach. • Ward 5 has the highest number of vacant lots in the city. Ward 3 has the highest percentage of Some of the study findings include: poor or substandard property conditions. Ward 5 • The population in Flint is approximately 100,000 has the highest number of commercial properties. people, is about 55% African-American, 39% • Wards 3, 4, and 8, each have over 300 acres of White, 3% Hispanic, and 3% two or more races, public park property, Ward 1 has the least amount with a median age of 36 years. of park acreage at 43 acres. • Youth ages 0-17 make up 25% of the city’s • Over 164 religious/ministry organizations are population, and are equally represented across licensed in the City of Flint, Wards 1 and 3 have each city ward ranging from 22-28% of each the most at 43 and 28 respectively. ward’s total population.

3 A. Introduction The population in the City of Flint has decreased in the last 15-20 years by approximately 26,000 people, while having lost slightly under 100,000 people since the 1960s. The decline in the automobile industry and the deindustrialization globally caused job loss in the Flint region. The lack of employment forced many people to leave the region to find jobs. The following report will examine the characteristics, such as total population, age, race, and income, of the City of Flint by each ward. The City of Flint is divided into 9 wards (Fig. 1). According to the 2011-2015 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year summaries, the population of Flint is approximately 100,000 people. The median age is 36 years, with a majority (~51%) of people between the ages of 25 and 64. The population is predominately African-American (~55%), with the white population at approximately 39% and the Hispanic population at approximately 4%. The Hispanic population is primarily of Mexican descent. Of the approximately 63,000 residents over the age of 25 years, around 69% do not have a college degree (associates or higher), though ~70% do have at least a high school degree or equivalent (e.g., GED). The median household income for the City of Flint is ~$25,000. Flint is at the lower end of median household income of larger cities in Michigan, such as Detroit (~$26,000), Lansing (~$35,000), and Grand Rapids ($40,000). This report will examine similar statistics and more by ward to provide a snapshot of the variation or similarity of populations across the city. Specifically, socioeconomic variables as well as community assets (food resources, parks, churches, etc.) will be analyzed by ward to help create an idea of who/what is located in each ward.

Fig. 1 Map of Flint Wards

4 B. Data and Methods The selected data provides an asset map, images, and tables for each ward to quickly compare population and economic information alongside public transportation, and destinations in order to create an overview for each ward. All demographic, social, and economic data are taken from the 2011-2015 5-year American Community Survey population estimates provided by the US Census (USCB 2017) at the census block group and census tract level. The American Community Survey is produced in the years between Decennial Census and are based on survey results that have been generalized to represent the population. These data are only estimates of the variables considered and can be found in Table 1 of Appendix A. School student counts for the 2016/17 school year are from MI School Data (CEPI 2017).

To summarize the American Community Survey information by wards a geographic information system (GIS) was used to perform proportion allocation to calculate estimates of variables within wards. Proportion allocation is the process of overlaying a source zone (e.g. block groupsb) with a target zone (e.g., wards) to transfer data from the source zone to the target zone. An example of this is shown in the figure below. For values of people (e.g., population, age, race, etc.), counts were summed for the entire ward. Estimates that were given as medians (e.g., median household income, median age, etc) were averaged for all census units within that particular ward. For all non-census data, a spatial join was used to collect those data within wards. Property information was pulled from the Flint Property Portal, an online system managed by the City of Flint and the Genesee County Land Bank. Data was pulled on December 5, 2017 and summarized by city ward. Information on the Flint Property Portal is reflective of current data, but not always accurate as property conditions can change quickly. Data gathered is meant to provide a quick snapshot of property conditions and community assets. Information on transportation, schools, food retailers, parks, and businesses was gathered from multiple sources. The City of Flint’s Department of Planning provided information of the City’s parks. The Mass Transportation Authority provided bus route information. The food resources information were gathered from ReferenceUSA in May 2017.

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C. Profiles For the city and ward profiles, each ward will be examined separately with all data tables and maps located in Appendix A.

City

Fig. 2 Map of Flint

7 There are 17 schools within the city limits. These include 12 schools that are a part of the Flint Community Schools district (nine elementary schools, two high schools, and one alternative high school) and 5 charter schools. Approximately 7,300 students attend school within the city. The City of Flint is home to 83 parks with a total of 1,958 acres. There are an estimated 164 religious/ ministry organizations located with the city. There are approximately 55 fast food restaurants, 101 restaurants/bars, 48 food retailers, and 42 convenience stores. The Mass Transportation Authority (MTA) has 13 bus routes that navigate the city. The main bus station is located downtown in Ward 5 with all bus routes emanating from that location (see Figure 2). The routes cover most of the city and provide residents with transportation to various resources located within the city and just outside the city limits. There are a total of 55,783 properties in the city that are publicly (14,125) or privately (41,658) owned. Of the 51,172 residential properties a total of 37,224 have a structure, of which 12% are in poor or sub-standard condition and 87% are in good or fair condition. There are 1,942 commercial properties and 128 industrial properties with structures in good or fair condition. A total of 5,031 demolitions of dangerous or dilapidated structures have been completed by the Genesee County Land Bank Authority (GCLBA) and/or the City of Flint, these numbers are updated daily from the GCLBA and monthly from the City of Flint. A total of 15,570 vacant properties (28%) are present. (Flint Property Portal, December 5, 2017)

8 Fig. 3 Infographic of city statistics.

Fig. 4 Pie chart of properties in Flint. Source: Flint Property Portal. December 5, 2017.

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Ward 1

Fig. 5 Map of Ward 1

11 City of Flint Ward 1 is located in the northwest corner of the City of Flint and covers approximately 2.4 square miles, which is the 2nd smallest ward. Approximately 10,000 people live within the ward. The population has the oldest median age of any ward at 39 years and is majority African-American (approximately 92%; the highest percentage of African-American residents among all wards), 3% White, and 2% Hispanic. Of the approximate 6,500 people over the age of 25 years living in the ward, about 13% have attained some sort of college degree (Associates or higher), with a higher percentage (19%) not earning a high school degree. The average median income for the area is around $22,000 with approximately 41% of the population living below the federal poverty levelc. The federal poverty level is set each year by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to determine who is eligible for federal subsidies and aid including food and cash assistance. It is based upon household income and cost of living, which are tracked by the U.S. Census Bureau. Five schools are located within Ward 1: two elementary schools, one high school, an alternative high school and a charter school (Fig. 5). The two elementary schools are Brownell STEM Academy (K-2) and Holmes STEM Academy (3-8) with 255 students and 567 students in the 2016/17 school year, respectively. The high school located in this ward is Flint Northwestern High School (11-12) with 305 students in the 2016/17 school year. The alternative high school, Accelerated Learning Academy, which houses grades 7 through 12 and students 16 years or older earning a high school diploma or GED, had an enrollment of 276 in the 2016/17 school year. The charter school, The New Standard Academy, houses grades K-8 and had an enrollment of 486 students during the 2016/17 school year. Ward 1 is home to three parks with a total of 43 acres: Clara Hilborn Park, Hasselbring Park and Senior Center, and Wilkins Park. There are also approximately 28 religious/ministry organizations located in the ward. Within Ward 1, there are approximately 2 fast food restaurants, 5 restaurants/bars, 5 food retailers, and 5 convenience stores. The Mass Transportation Authority (MTA) has 5 bus routes that either run along a boundary of the ward or through the ward. These are route 1 (along Saginaw St.), route 2 (along ML King Ave.), route 4 (along small portion of Pierson Rd), route 5 (along Dupont, Carpenter and Clio Roads), and route 13 (along Pierson Rd.). These routes provide transportation throughout north Flint and to the downtown area of Flint. There are a total of 6,495 properties in Ward 1, of which 1,935 are vacant or without a structure on them (29%). There are 4,420 residential properties with structures on them, of which 3,620 are in good or fair condition. There are 108 commercial properties and 4 industrial properties with structures in good or fair condition. A total of 756 demolitions have been completed in Ward 1. (Flint Property Portal, December 5, 2017)

12 Fig. 6 Infographic of Ward 1 statistics.

Fig. 7 Pie chart of properties in Ward 1. Source: Flint Property Portal. December 5, 2017. Fig. 4 Pie chart of properties in Ward 1. Source: Flint Property Portal.

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Ward 2

Fig. 8 Map of Ward 2

15 Ward 2 of the City of Flint is located along the western portion of the city, south of Ward 1 and north of Ward 6 (Fig. 4). Ward 2 is approximately 2.6 square miles and is the 3rd smallest ward in the city. The ward is home to around 10,400 people with a median age of 36 years. The population is similar to Ward 1, consisting of the 2nd highest percentage of African-American residents (91%), 4% White, and 1.5% Hispanic. The median household income is $25,000, with 38% living in poverty. Approximately, 15% of the population over 25 years have a college degree, while 18% have not received a high school diploma or a GED. There is only 1 school located in Ward 2. Eagle’s Nest Academy is a charter school that houses grades K-5 and had an enrollment of 228 students during the 2016/17 school year. Ward 2 has 7 parks located within the boundary for a total of 198 acres, which is approximately 12% of the total area of Ward 2. These parks are Bassett Park, Fleming Park, Flint Park Lake, Max Brandon Park, Iroquois Park, McClellan Park, and Sarvis Park. There are around 19 religious/ministry organizations. Ward 2 has 6 fast food locations, 4 restaurants/bars, 5 food retailers, and 5 convenience stores. Four MTA bus routes run through or along a boundary of Ward 2. They are route 2 (along ML King Ave.), route 4 (along Dayton Rd, Clio Rd, Pasadena Rd., Fleming Rd, and Pierson Rd.) route 5 (along Dupont), and route 13 (along Pierson Rd.). There are a total of 6,624 properties in Ward 2, of which 1,832 are vacant or without a structure on them (27%). There are 4,647 residential properties with structures on them, of which 3,668 are in good or fair condition. There are 125 commercial properties and 2 industrial properties with structures in good or fair condition. A total of 888 demolitions have been completed in Ward 2. (Flint Property Portal, December 5, 2017)

16 Academy is a charter school that houses grades K-5 and had an enrollment of 228 students during the 2016/17 school year. Ward 2 has 7 parks located within the boundary for a total of 198 acres, which is approximately 12% of the total area of Ward 2. These parks are Bassett Park, Fleming Park, Flint Park Lake, Max Brandon Park, Iroquois Park, McClellan Park, and Sarvis Park. There are around 19 religious organizations/ministries. Ward 2 has 6 fast food locations, 4 restaurants/bars, 5 food retailers, and 5 convenience stores. Four MTA bus routes run through or along a boundary of Ward 2. They are route 2 (along ML King Ave.), route 4 (along Dayton Rd, Clio Rd, Pasadena Rd., Fleming Rd, and Pierson Rd.) route 5 (along Dupont), and route 13 (along Pierson Rd.). There are a total of 4,798 properties in Ward 2, with 20.9% considered to be in poor or sub-standard condition. A total of 888 demolitions have been completed, and 1,832 vacant properties (27%) are present. There are 4,647 residential properties with structures on them, of which 3,668 are in good or fair condition. There are 125 commercial properties and 2 industrial

Fig. 9 Infographicproperties of with Ward structures 2 statistics. in good or fair condition.

Property Conditions Ward 2 Total Properties: 4,798

Good Fair Poor Sub-Standard

6%

15%

52%

27%

Fig. 10 Pie chart of property conditions in Ward 2. Source: Flint Property Portal. December 5, 2017. Fig. 7 Pie chart of property conditions in Ward 2.

Source: Flint Property17 Portal. 9

Ward 3

Fig. 11 Map of Ward 3

19 Ward 3 is located in the northeastern corner of the City of Flint and covers approximately 5.6 square miles, which is the 2nd largest ward. Ward 3 has approximately 9,700 people, 66% of which are African-American (3rd highest), 28% White, and 4% Hispanic. The population has a median age of 35 years, the 4th youngest of all the wards. The median income of the population in Ward 3 is $24,000, with 50% of the population living in poverty. The population of Ward 3 over the age of 25 has the lowest percentage of people to have attained a college degree (11%) of all wards and has one of the highest percentage of people over 25 years to not have a high school degree or GED (25%). There are no open schools located within Ward 3. Ward 3 has the highest amount of park/recreation area at 384 acres over 13 parks. The majority (179 acres) is Riverside Forest Preserve along the Flint River. Other parks include: Berston Field House & Park, Bundy Park, Dewey Park, Hardenbrook Park, Martin Park, Ophelia Bonner Park, Riverside Park East, Riverside West, Rollingwood, West Boulevard Park, and Whaley Park. Ward 3 has the highest number of religious/ ministry organizations with 43. There are 2 fast food locations, 6 restaurants/bars, only 1 food retailer, and 6 convenience stores. There are 5 different bus routes that traverse Ward 3: route 1(along Saginaw), route 2 (along ML King Ave.), route 6 (along Selby/Horton Rds, Stewart, and Lewis St.), route 7 (along Franklin St., Dort Hwy, and Carpenter), and route 13 (along Pierson, Selby, and Carpenter Rds.). Within Ward 3 is also where the Flint Water Plant is located along the Flint River, where a majority of the Buick City Industrial Park was, and a portion of I-475 bisects the ward. There are a total of 7,878 properties in Ward 3, of which 3,851 are vacant or without a structure on them (48%). There are 3,710 residential properties with structures on them, of which 2,706 are in good or fair condition. There are 233 commercial properties and 24 industrial properties with structures in good or fair condition. A total of 969 demolitions have been completed in Ward 3. (Flint Property Portal, December 5, 2017)

20 Fig. 12 Infographic for Ward 3 statistics.

Property Conditions Ward 3 Total Properties: 4,029

Good Fair Poor Sub-Standard

12%

14% 45%

29%

Fig. 13 Pie chartFig. 10 ofPie property chart of property conditions conditions in in Ward Ward 3. 3. December 5, 2017.

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Ward 4

Fig. 14 Map of Ward 4.

23 Ward 4 is located along the eastern side of the City of Flint between Ward 3 to the north and Ward 7 to the south and covers 3.8 square miles, 4th largest in area. The ward has approximately 11,900 people, which is the 4th most populated among the wards. The population is a majority White (75%), the highest percentage of White residents among all wards, with 18% African-American residents, and 8% Hispanic, also the highest percentage of Hispanics among all wards. The median age is 36, the 4th oldest ward. The median household income is $30,555 (2nd highest), with 37% of people living in poverty. Of the almost 7,900 people over the age of 25, 12% have a college degree, and 19% do not have a high school degree or GED. Within Ward 4, there are two schools, one public and one charter. The public school, Potter Elementary, houses grades K-8 and had an enrollment of 387 during the 2016/17 school year. The charter school is Richfield Public School Academy (K-8) with an enrollment of 697. Ward 4 has around 336 acres of park/recreation area, with 302 acres being Kearsley Reservoir/Kearsley Lake Golf Course. The four other parks in Ward 4 are Amos Park, Delaware Park, Longway Park and Polk Park. There are 14 religious/ministry organizations located within Ward 4. For food resources, there are 10 fast food locations, 22 restaurants/bars, 3 food retailers, and 6 convenience stores. There are only 2 bus routes that are located within Ward 4, route 7 along Franklin St. and route 10 along Court and Center Streets. There are a total of 5,879 properties in Ward 4, of which 1,236 are vacant or without a structure on them (21%). There are 4,328 residential properties with structures on them, of which 3,934 are in good or fair condition. There are 251 commercial properties and 38 industrial properties with structures in good or fair condition. A total of 418 demolitions have been completed in Ward 4. (Flint Property Portal, December 5, 2017)

24 Fig. 15 Infographic of Ward 4 statistics.

Property Conditions Ward 4 Total Properties: 4,651

Good Fair Poor Sub-Standard

5% 4%

29%

62%

Fig. 16 Pie chart of property conditionsFig. 13 Pie in chart Ward of property 4. December conditions in5, Ward 2017. 4.

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Ward 5

Fig. 17 Map of Ward 5

27 Ward 5 is located in the middle of the City of Flint (Fig. 13). It is the only ward that does not have a border with the city limits. Ward 5 shares borders with every ward, except Ward 1 and covers approximately 3.6 square miles and is the 5th largest ward. The population consists of approximately 9,800 residents, 56% are African-American, 33% White, 3% Hispanic, and 2.7% Asian (largest Asian population of all wards). The median age is 33 years. The median household income for residents in this ward is around $23,000, with 42% living in poverty. Of the 6,100 residents over the age of 25, 15% have attained a college degree and 25% have not received a high school diploma or a GED (tied for highest). There are two public elementary schools within Ward 5 and a portion of 2 universities. Small portions of Kettering University and the University of Michigan-Flint are within Ward 5. The two elementary schools are Doyle Ryder (K- 6) and Durant-Tuuri-Mott Elementary (K-7), which had an enrollment of 302 students and 611 students, respectively, during the 2016/17 school year. There are 16 parks that are located or partially located within Ward 5 for a total of 78 acres. These parks are Aldrich Park, Atwood Stadium, Dayton Park, Dougherty Park, Flint River Trail & Parkway, Hamilton Park, J. Dallas Dort Park, Kearsley Park, Lewis Street Park, McFarlan Veteran Memorial Park, Memorial Park, Ramona Park, Riverbank Park, Vietnam Veterans Park, and William Durant Park. There are approximately 26 religious/ministry organizations within the ward. Hurley Medical Center and Hurley Children’s Hospital are located within Ward 5. A portion of the downtown district of the City of Flint is also located in the ward. Access to food within the ward is provided by 8 fast food locations, 19 restaurants/bars, 7 food retailers, and 4 convenience stores. Ward 5 is in close proximity to the main MTA bus center in downtown Flint, which causes many bus routes to run through the ward. The routes are route 1 (along Saginaw St), route 2 (along ML King Ave), route 3 (along Court St), route 4 (along University Ave.), route 5 (along 5th and 8th Avenues, Mackin, and Dupont), route 8 (travels south along Saginaw St), route 11 (along Court St), and route 12 (along Kearsley and Glenwood). There are a total of 7,252 properties in Ward 5, of which 3,747 are vacant or without a structure on them (51%). There are 2,997 residential properties with structures on them, of which 2,280 are in good or fair condition. There are 429 commercial properties and 17 industrial properties with structures in good or fair condition. A total of 1,075 demolitions have been completed in Ward 5. (Flint Property Portal, December 5, 2017)

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Fig. 18 Infographic of Ward 5 statistics.

Property Conditions Ward 5 Total Properties: 3,502

Good Fair Poor Sub-Standard

9%

13%

50%

28%

Fig. 16 Pie chart of property conditions in Ward 5. Fig. 19 Pie chart of property conditions in Ward 5. December 5, 2017.

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Ward 6

Fig. 20 Map of Ward 6.

31 Ward 6 is located on the western side of the City of Flint and covers the least amount of land within the city at 2.2 square miles. There are approximately 10,900 people within Ward 6, with the following racial composition: 62% African-American, 33% White, and 3% Hispanic. The median age in the ward is 34 years and the median household income is $26,000, with 43% living in poverty. Of the 6,300 residents, over the age of 25 within Ward 6, 22% have earned a college degree (2nd highest) and 12% have not completed a high school degree or GED. There are no open K-12 schools located within Ward 6. A majority of Kettering University resides in this ward. Within Ward 6, there are 98 acres of park/recreation areas, 2nd smallest among all wards. Approximately, 72 of the 98 are due to Mott Park Recreation area and the rest are from 3 parks: Ballenger Park, Eldorado Vista Park, and Mott Park. McLaren Hospital is located with Ward 6. Food resources include 1 fast food restaurant, 4 restaurants/bars, 4 food retailers, and 2 convenience stores. Only route 4 (along Chevrolet and Forest Hill) and route 13 (along Court St, through Glenwood Hills, and Ballenger Hwy) traverse through Ward 6. There are a total of 4,959 properties in Ward 6, of which 670 are vacant or without a structure on them (13%). There are 4,183 residential properties with structures on them, of which 3,870 are in good or fair condition. There are 94 commercial properties and 2 industrial properties with structures in good or fair condition. A total of 411 demolitions have been completed in Ward 6. (Flint Property Portal, December 5, 2017)

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median age for people in the ward is 34 years of age (3rd youngest) and the average median household income is $26,000, with 43% living in poverty. Twenty-two percent of the 6,300 residents over the age of 25 within Ward 6 have received a college degree (2nd highest) and 12% have not received a high school degree or GED, which is the 2nd lowest percentage. There are no K-12 schools located within Ward 6, though a majority of Kettering University resides in this ward. Within Ward 6, there are 98 acres of park/recreation areas, 2nd smallest among all wards. Approximately, 72 of the 96 are due to Mott Park Recreation area and the rest are from 3 parks: Ballenger Park, Eldorado Vista Park, and Mott Park. McLaren Hospital is located with Ward 6 as well. Food resources include 1 fast food restaurant, 4 restaurants/bars, 4 food retailers, and 2 convenience stores. Only routes 4 (along Chevrolet and Forest Hill) and 13 (along Court St, through Glenwood Hills, and Ballenger Hwy) traverse through Ward 6. There are a total of 4,285 properties in Ward 6, with 7.4% considered to be in poor or sub-standard condition. A total of 411 demolitions have been completed, and 670 vacant properties (14%) are present. There are 4,183 residential properties with structures on them, of which 3,870 are in good or fair condition. There are 94 commercial properties and 2 industrial

Fig.properties 21 Infographic with structures of Ward 6 in statistics. good or fair condition.

Fig. 22 Pie chart of property conditions in Ward 6. December 5, 2017. Fig. 19 Pie chart of property conditions in Ward 6. 33 24

Ward 7

Fig. 23 Map of Ward 7.

35 Ward 7 is located on the eastern side of the City of Flint between ward 4 and 9, covering 4 square miles (3rd largest). There are approximately 11,900 people in the ward (53% African-American, 42% White, and 5% Hispanic) with a median age of 37 years of age, tied for 2nd oldest. The median household income for residents in Ward 7 is approximately $26,000, with 35% living in poverty. There are about 7,900 residents over the age of 25 years, 32% of which hold a college degree (highest of all wards) and 10% do not have a high school degree or GED (lowest of all wards). There is a charter school and a public school within Ward 7. Mott Community College and most of the University of Michigan-Flint campus are located in ward 7. The charter school is WAY Academy, housing 7th-12th grades and had an enrollment of 210 students during the 2016/17 school year. The public school is Pierce Elementary School (K-6) which had 215 students in the 2016/17 school year. In Ward 7, there are 18 parks that are completely within or have a portion of the park/recreation area located within the ward for a total of 209 acres. These parks include: Avondale Cemetery, Brennan Park, Burroughs Park, Common Wealth Triangle 1 & 2, Cook Park, Dayton Park, East Street Park, Flint River Trail & Parkway, Kearsley Park, Longway Greenway, Pierce Park/Golf Course, Riverbank Park, Thread Lake Park, Vietnam Veterans Park, Wilson Park, and Woodlawn Park. There are approximately 15 religious/ministry organizations. Food resources include 11 fast food locations, 12 restaurants/bars, 8 food retailers, and 4 convenience stores. The MTA main bus station is located in Ward 7 downtown Flint, so most of the bus routes originate and end within this ward. However, route 7 (Court St, Mott Community College), route 9 (Lapeer, Howard, and Lippincott), and route 10 (Court St.) are the only routes that travel through the rest of the ward. There are a total of 5,053 properties in Ward 7, of which 842 are vacant or without a structure on them (16%). There are 3,860 residential properties with structures on them, of which 3,670 are in good or fair condition. There are 288 commercial properties and 28 industrial properties with structures in good or fair condition. A total of 170 demolitions have been completed in Ward 7. (Flint Property Portal, December 5, 2017)

36 Fig. 24 Infographic of Ward 7 statistics.

Property Conditions Ward 7 Total Properties: 4,211

Good Fair Poor Sub-Standard

2% 3%

22%

73%

Fig. 25 Pie chart of property conditions in Ward 7. December 5, 2017.

Fig. 22 Pie chart of property conditions in Ward 7 37

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Ward 8

Fig. 26 Map of Ward 8.

39 Ward 8 covers 6.1 square miles of the southwestern portion of the City of Flint. It is the largest ward in the City. The population within Ward 8 contains 13,300 residents: 61% White, 33% African-American, and 3% Hispanic. The median household income is approximately $32,300, highest among all wards, with about 37% living in poverty. The median age of the population in this ward is 33 years. Of the 8,700 residents over the age of 25 years, approximately 22% have earned a college degree and 13% have not earned a high school degree or GED. In Ward 8, there are three public schools (two elementary schools and one high school) and one parochial school. The two elementary schools are Eisenhower Elementary (K-6) and Neithercut Elementary (K-6), which had 311 and 320 students, respectively, in 2016/17 school year. The high school is Southwestern Classical Academy (7-12) which had an enrollment of 929 in the 2016/17 school year. Powers Catholic High School (9- 12) 2016/17 enrollment was 690 students according to their website. Ward 8 has 10 park/recreation areas with a total of 363 acres of coverage, the 2nd largest of all wards. A majority of those acres (232 acres) are within the Swartz Creek Valley Golf Course. Other park/recreation areas include: Broome Park, Cronin Derby Downs, Gerholz Park, Kellar Park, Mann Hall Park, McCallum Park, Mobley Park, Sarginson Park, and Sit-Downers Memorial Park. There are approximately 10 religious/ ministry organizations within Ward 8. Most of the large area that Ward 8 covers is Bishop International Airport (farthest southwest corner) and the Flint General Motors Assembly Plant and Engine Operations Plant. Ward 8 has 9 fast food locations, 8 restaurant/bars, 11 food retailers, and 4 convenience stores for food resources. Ward 8 has three routes that traverse the ward. These include route 3 (Miller Rd.), route 11 (Bristol Rd out to the airport), and route 12 (Court and Corunna). There are a total of 5,984 properties in Ward 8, of which 602 are vacant or without a structure on them (10%). There are 5,175 residential properties with structures on them, of which 4,992 are in good or fair condition. There are 193 commercial properties and 6 industrial properties with structures in good or fair condition. A total of 148 demolitions have been completed in Ward 8. (Flint Property Portal, December 5, 2017)

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Fig. 27 Infographic of Ward 8 statistics.

Fig. 28 Pie chart of property conditions in Ward 8. December 5, 2017. Fig. 25 Pie chart of property conditions in Ward 8

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Ward 9

Fig. 29 Map of Ward 9.

43 Ward 9 is located in the southeastern corner of Flint and covers 3.3 square miles. There are approximately 12,000 residents: 57% White, 37% African-American, and 3% Hispanic. The median age in Ward 9 is 37 years, which is 2nd oldest, and the median household income is about $29,300, with 39% living in poverty. There are approximately 7,400 residents over the age of 25 years, 17% of whom have earned a college degree, while 17% of residents do not have a high school degree or GED. One elementary school and one charter school are located in Ward 9. Freeman School (K-6) is a public elementary school that had an enrollment of 296 students in the 2016/17 school year. International Academy of Flint (K-12) is the charter school and had an enrollment of 952 students in the 2016/17 school year. Within Ward 9, seven parks cover 249 acres. These parks either are fully in Ward 9 or partially reside in the ward. The largest portion of coverage belongs to Flint Golf Club (126 acres), with Atherton Park, Farnumwood Park, McKinley Park, Ogema Triangle, Thread Lake Park, and Windiate Park covering the rest. Approximately 9 religious/ministry organizations are located within Ward 9. Food resources in Ward 9 include 6 fast food restaurants, 21 restaurants and bars, 4 food retailers, and 6 convenience stores. The MTA has two routes that go through Ward 9: route 8 (along Saginaw St.) and route 9 (Dort Hwy and Atherton Rd.). There are a total of 5,026 properties in Ward 9, of which 864 are vacant or without a structure on them (17%). There are 3,904 residential properties with structures on them, of which 3,730 are in good or fair condition. There are 221 commercial properties and 7 industrial properties with structures in good or fair condition. A total of 148 demolitions have been completed in Ward 9. (Flint Property Portal, December 5, 2017)

44 students in the 2016/17 school year. International Academy of Flint (K-12) is the charter school and had an enrollment of 952 students in the 2016/17 school year. Within Ward 9, seven parks cover 249 acres. These parks either are fully in Ward 9 or partially reside in the ward. The largest portion of coverage belongs to Flint Golf Club (126 acres), with Atherton Park, Farnumwood Park, McKinley Park, Ogema Triangle, Thread Lake Park, and Windiate Park covering the rest. Approximately 9 religious organizations are located within ward 9. Food resources in ward 9 include 6 fast food restaurants, 21 restaurants and bars, 4 food retailers, and 6 convenience stores. The MTA has two routes that go through ward 9: route 8 (along Saginaw St.) and route 9 (Dort Hwy and Atherton Rd.). There are a total of 4,161 properties in Ward 9, with 4.8% considered to be in poor or sub-standard condition. A total of 196 demolitions have been completed, and 864 vacant properties (17%) are present. There are 3,904 residential properties with structures on them, of which 3,730 are in good or fair condition. There are 221 commercial properties and 7 industrial properties with structures in good or fair condition. Fig. 30 Infographic of Ward 9 statistics.

Fig. 31 Pie chart of property conditions in Ward 9. December 5, 2017.

Fig. 28 Pie chart of property conditions45 in Ward 9

35

D. Conclusions This report describes the population and assets within the City of Flint and within each of the city’s 9 wards. The population in Flint is approximately 100,000 people, with 55% African-American and 39% White, and a median age of 36 years. Ward 8 is the largest ward by square miles, with Bishop International Airport being located within the ward. Ward 3 is second largest but also has a large industrial property (former Buick City) located within the ward boundaries. Wards 1 and 2 have the highest percentage of African- American population and Wards 4 and 8 have the largest white populations. Ward 4 also has the highest Hispanic population within the city. Ward 1 has the oldest population (median age of 39 years) and Ward 5 and 8 have the youngest populations (median age of 33 years). Ward 8’s population has the highest median household income at $32,300. Ward 5 has the highest number of vacant lots in the city and most commercial properties in the city. Many efforts and strides have been made to improve the lives of Flint residents prior to and since the lead in water crises through the reduction of blighted properties, improvements in public transportation, expanding early childhood education and community education, and increasing access to healthy foods. The analysis of population demographics in comparison to workforce development programs, community and economic development initiatives, and educational programs can provide insights on opportunities for innovative solutions and existing program expansion. Based on population estimates showing youth ages 0-17 representing 22-28% of the population in each ward, programs supporting youth development and education could be inventoried and compared against population patterns to see if they are strategically distributed across the city. This includes services for literacy, recreation, and formal education. A similar inventory and analysis could be completed for services for individuals ages 65 and older, keeping in mind that 10% of this population lives in poverty. The city’s high poverty rate and unemployment rate are not new problems and reinforce the need for continued workforce development, and community and economic development. Efforts for development should be aimed at fostering entrepreneurship, creating jobs for and improving the lives of Flint residents.

References Center for Educational Performance and Information (CEPI), MI School Data, retrieved October 2017. City of Flint, Genesee County Land Bank; Flint Property Portal, retrieved December 2017. InfoGroup (2017). Business data for Genesee, Huron, Lapeer, Shiawassee, St. Clair, Tuscola counties. Retrieved May 2017, from ReferenceUSA database. Powers Catholic High School; About Powers; [www.powerscatholic.org]; retrieved December 2017. U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, American FactFinder; [http://factfinder2.census.gov]; (7 January 2017).

46 APPENDIX A APPENDIX A Maps and Tables Maps and Tables

Fig. 29 Map of ward populations broken down by age groups. Fig. 32 Map of ward populations broken down by age groups.

37 47 Fig. 33 Map of ward populations broken down by African-American, white, and Hispanic populations.

48 Fig. 34 Map of ward populations median household income. The higher the density of $, the higher the median household income.

49 Table 1. All Census information by Ward (2011-2015 ACS 5-year Estimates)

Ward Variable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total Total Population 10,069 10,396 9,660 11,867 9,847 10,847 11,912 13,302 12,065 99,965 Population 0-4 592 700 832 918 599 781 939 1,033 1,270 7,664 Population 5-17 1,723 2,088 1,833 1,981 1,702 2,058 2,117 2,541 2,158 18,201 Population 18-24 1,166 1,056 1,086 1,146 1,611 1,623 1,193 930 1,173 10,984 Population 25-44 2,444 2,555 2,189 3,051 2,751 2,556 2,947 3,800 3,268 25,561 Population 45-64 2,520 2,699 2,204 3,597 2,532 2,572 3,299 3,174 2,894 25,491 Population 65+ 1,661 1,338 930 1,269 1,114 1,076 1,914 1,625 1,109 12,036 Mean Median Age 39.0 36.6 35.2 36.9 33.4 34.3 37.2 33.1 37.0 Employed Population Over 2,371 2,653 2,227 4,105 2,674 3,633 4,010 4,370 3,719 29,762 16 years old Management/Prof/ 327 394 227 486 578 992 1,168 1,141 711 6,024 Related Service 1,013 709 808 1,305 873 1,015 984 810 950 8,467 Sales and office 501 681 606 1,029 557 665 824 1,375 1,049 7,287 Natural Resource/ 148 67 149 439 162 345 269 257 346 2,182 Construction Production, 382 799 438 846 504 617 764 784 661 5,795 transportation Total Population in Poverty 4,170 4,002 4,883 4,412 4,135 4,692 4,219 4,940 4,646 40,099 In poverty over 65 years 208 170 120 74 237 109 140 54 90 1,202 old Total Family HH in Pov 959 725 1,122 855 713 968 689 1,069 961 8,061 American Ind/Alaskan 10 3 31 186 86 115 31 90 65 617

Asian - - 1 16 273 26 18 18 41 393 African-American 9,309 9,457 6,408 2,162 5,594 6,708 6,368 4,457 4,540 55,003 Hawaiian - - 1 - 9 15 4 - 5 34 White 400 454 2,752 8,874 3,330 3,609 5,038 8,105 6,953 39,515 Two or More races 273 383 394 472 507 334 299 598 438 3,698 Total Hispanic 224 170 408 959 325 328 604 361 342 3,721 Mexican 215 131 383 880 255 252 509 360 287 3,272 Cuban - 4 - 14 28 - 5 - 9 60 Puerto Rican - - 15 28 16 40 21 1 46 167 Other 9 37 10 36 26 40 71 - - 229 Total Housing Units 4,072 4,007 3,912 4,845 3,608 4,344 5,379 5,369 4,791 40,327 Owner Occupied 2,383 2,411 1,750 3,019 1,840 2,476 2,753 3,184 2,648 22,464 Mean Median Household $22,812 $25,700 $24,715 $30,555 $23,316 $26,113 $26,231 $32,377 $29,380 Income Renter Occupied 1,690 1,595 2,163 1,825 1,769 1,867 2,626 2,183 2,142 17,860 Vacant for seasonal or 1,812 1,960 1,817 1,326 2,082 1,199 1,196 1,068 1,176 13,636 recreational 1 Unit 5,179 5,614 4,494 5,025 3,790 4,694 4,399 5,597 4,532 43,324 2-9 units 188 271 579 453 1,107 650 979 396 802 5,425 10-19 Units 231 176 310 230 290 198 309 243 306 2,293 20 or more units 524 395 354 420 523 371 560 404 312 3,863 Built prior to 1940 475 670 778 726 1,052 854 698 1,153 579 6,985

50 Ward Variable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total Total Households 4,116 4,012 3,711 4,904 3,917 4,268 5,442 5,247 4,700 40,317 Family Households 2,364 2,376 2,118 2,758 1,949 2,330 2,710 3,193 2,720 22,518 Families with Kids 244 395 578 798 357 583 793 1,134 718 5,600 Single Parents 1,645 1,489 1,574 1,503 1,247 1,406 1,423 1,497 1,693 13,477 Non-family households 1,754 1,634 1,594 2,149 1,966 1,939 2,730 2,055 1,982 17,803 Living alone 1,585 1,351 1,416 1,845 1,689 1,579 2,326 1,679 1,555 15,025 Avg Household Size 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.5 Family Household Size 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.3 2.9 3.3 Total Population over 25 6,574 6,553 5,519 7,883 6,136 6,366 7,882 8,751 7,427 63,091 years old Less than 9th grade 281 285 372 224 441 110 243 327 208 2,491 High School, No diploma 955 772 1,039 1,315 1,128 683 535 820 1,057 8,304 HS grad or GED 1,449 1,887 1,210 1,686 1,541 1,510 1,253 2,451 1,437 14,424 Some college, no degree 2,066 1,704 1,588 2,353 1,378 1,965 2,451 2,553 2,268 18,326 Associates Degree 436 371 371 600 315 552 638 750 586 4,619 Bachelors Degree 337 454 168 324 450 496 1,023 854 426 4,532 Graduate Degree 140 174 66 69 215 380 918 345 252 2,559 Workers 16 and over 2,298 2,611 2,180 3,976 2,587 3,472 3,945 4,277 3,621 28,967 Car, truck, van drove 1,850 1,838 1,561 3,160 1,780 2,795 3,186 3,590 2,834 22,594 alone Carpooled 220 419 212 499 224 339 295 323 430 2,961 Public Trans 115 140 238 107 156 119 176 114 118 1,283 Bike - - - 16 33 2 8 30 - 89 Walked 26 89 64 132 200 45 142 70 68 836 Other means 25 24 14 - 31 66 21 21 15 217 Worked at home 62 97 89 62 161 105 116 128 158 978 Mean travel time (min) 8.5 7.3 6.2 8.3 6.9 6.6 7.5 5.3 7.7 64.4

51 Table 2. Assets by Ward.

Ward Variable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total Square Miles 2.4 2.6 5.6 3.8 3.6 2.2 4 6.1 3.3 33.6 Number Schools 5 1 0 2 2 0 2 4 2 18 Elementary Schools 2 0 0 1 2 0 1 2 1 9 High School 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 Alternative High School 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Charter School 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 5 Parochial 1 1 2016/17 Total K-12 Enrollment 1889 228 0 1084 913 0 425 2250 1248 8037 Total Parks 3 7 13 5 16 4 18 10 7 83 Total Park Acreage 43 198 384 336 78 98 209 363 249 1958 Religious/Ministry 28 19 43 14 26 12 15 10 9 176 Organizations Fast Food 2 6 2 10 8 1 11 9 6 55 Restaurant/Bars 5 4 6 22 19 4 12 8 21 101 Supermarket/Food Retailer 5 5 1 3 7 4 8 11 4 48 Convenience Store 5 5 6 6 4 2 4 4 6 42 Bus Routes 5 4 5 2 8 2 3 3 2 N/A Poverty rate 41% 38% 50% 37% 42% 43% 35% 37% 39%

52 Table 3. Property statistics for the City of Flint and by Ward. Source: Flint Property Portal on December 4, 2017. City Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Wide 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Property Conditions 39,562 4,564 4,798 4,029 4,651 3,502 4,285 4,211 5,386 4,161 (All Types) Good 24,158 2,969 2,495 1,805 1,352 1,754 3,376 3,060 4,308 3,062 Fair 10,380 765 1,300 1,159 2,882 973 591 928 884 899 Poor 2,995 441 695 563 199 457 161 147 155 178 Sub-Standard 2,029 389 308 502 218 318 157 76 39 22 Percent Poor or Sub- 12.70% 18.19% 20.90% 26.43% 8.97% 22.13% 7.42% 5.30% 3.60% 4.81% Standard (Vacant lots excluded) Vacant Lot 15,565 1,935 1,823 3,851 1,236 3,747 670 842 602 864 Unknown 2 1 Ownership Type Publicly Owned 14,125 2,176 2,237 3,486 1,130 2,582 747 706 496 569 Privately Owned 41,658 4,369 4,412 4,566 4,788 4,764 4,241 4,504 5,528 4,502 Demolition Status Completed 5,031 756 888 969 418 1,075 411 170 148 196 Funded 1,983 302 558 444 184 248 142 45 41 19 Land Bank Listed-Not 593 195 40 213 28 68 9 12 15 13 Funded City Listed-Not Funded 474 85 104 68 32 81 45 20 20 19 Property Type Buildings 39,565 4,560 4,801 4,027 4,643 3,505 4,289 4,211 5,382 4,162 Vacant Lots 15,565 1,935 1,823 3,851 1,236 3,747 670 842 602 864 Percent Vacant Lots 29.79% 27.52% 48.88% 21.02% 51.67% 13.51% 16.66% 10.06% 17.19% Use Residential 6,292 6,377 7,256 5,335 6,344 4,792 4,492 5,668 4,616 Residential With 4,420 4,647 3,710 4,328 2,997 4,183 3,860 5,175 3,904 Structure Residential Structure - 3,620 3668 2,706 3,934 2,280 3,870 3,670 4,992 3,730 Good or Fair Condition Residential Structure - 800 976 1,004 391 713 309 188 183 174 Poor or Substandard Commercial 191 226 506 462 836 155 511 297 369 Commercial Structure - 108 125 233 251 429 94 288 193 221 Good or Fair Commercial Structure - 29 27 56 23 61 9 33 10 23 Poor or Substandard Industrial 12 21 116 82 72 10 49 19 38 Industrial Structure - 4 2 24 38 17 2 28 6 7 Good or Fair

53 a The City of Flint is divided into nine wards for electoral purposes, the residents within each ward elect a councilperson to the Flint City Council b Block Groups are a geographic boundary determined by the U.S. Census that generally contain between 600 and 3,000 people. It is the smallest geographic area that the Census publishes sample data on, such as the American Community Survey. (US Census) c Federal Poverty Level for 2016, Source: Federal Register Vol. 81, No. 15, Thursday, January 25, 2016, pp. 4036-4037.

PERSONS IN FAMILY 48 CONTIGUOUS OR HOUSEHOLD STATES AND D.C. 1 $11,880 2 $16,020 3 $20,160 4 $24,300 5 $28,440 6 $32,580 7 $36,730 8 $40,890 For each additional person, add $4,160

54