United States In cooperation with Department of Texas Agricultural Soil Survey of Agriculture Experiment Station and United States Department Natural of Agriculture, Forest Trinity County, Resources Service Conservation Service Texas 3

How to Use This Soil Survey

General Soil Map

The general soil map, which is the color map preceding the detailed soil maps, shows the survey area divided into groups of associated soils called general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management of large areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify the name of the map unit in the area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the section General Soil Map Units for a general description of the soils in your area.

Detailed Soil Maps

The detailed soil maps follow the general soil map. These maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map Sheets, which precedes the soil maps. Note the number of the map sheet and turn to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map units symbols that are in that area. Turn to the Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described.

The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map unit. Also see the Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs. 4

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1998. Soil names and descriptions were approved in 1998. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1998. This survey was made cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, and the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. The survey is part of the technical assistance furnished to the Davy Crockett-Trinity Soil and Water Conservation District. Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged, maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a larger scale. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all of its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Cover: Small water areas, such as the one pictured, provide water, food, and cover for many species of wildlife. The pond is in an area of Colita fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, in the Brushy Creek Wildlife Management Area.

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the Natural Resources Conservation Service home page on the World Wide Web. The address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov (click on “Technical Resources” ). 5

Issued 2003

Contents

Cover ...... 1 EtB—Etoile loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes ...... 35 How to Use This Soil Survey ...... 3 FuA—Fuller fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent Contents ...... 5 slopes...... 36 Foreword ...... 9 FuB—Fuller fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent General Nature of the Survey Area ...... 11 slopes...... 37 Settlement and Population ...... 11 GaA—Garner clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes ...... 39 Agriculture ...... 12 GwA—Gladewater clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes, Natural Resources ...... 12 frequently flooded ...... 39 Climate ...... 12 HaA—Hainesville loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 How This Survey Was Made ...... 12 percent slopes ...... 40 General Soil Map Units ...... 15 HeA—Herty loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes ...... 41 Soil Descriptions ...... 15 HeB—Herty loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes ...... 42 1. Fuller-Kurth-Keltys ...... 15 KcD—Kellison loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes..... 43 2. Kurth-Colita-Lovelady ...... 16 KeB—Keltys fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent 3. Herty-Moswell ...... 17 slopes...... 44 4. Colita-Laska-Corrigan ...... 17 KeD—Keltys fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent 5. Koury-Pophers ...... 19 slopes...... 44 6. Pophers-Ozias ...... 20 KiB—Kitterll fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent 7. Penning-Moten ...... 20 slopes...... 45 8. Eastham-Garner...... 21 KiD—Kitterll-Browndell complex, 5 to 15 Detailed Soil Map Units ...... 23 percent slopes ...... 46 Soil Descriptions ...... 24 Kp—Koury silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, AaB—Alazan very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 frequently flooded ...... 47 percent slopes ...... 24 KuB—Kurth fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent AbA—Alazan-Besner complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes...... 48 slopes...... 25 KuD—Kurth fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent AnB—Annona fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes...... 49 slopes...... 26 LaB—Laska fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent AuB—Austonio fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 slopes...... 50 percent slopes ...... 27 LeB—Latex fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent AuD—Austonio fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 slopes...... 50 percent slopes ...... 28 LnB—Letney loamy sand, 1 to 5 percent BeA—Besner fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes...... 51 slopes...... 28 LvC—Lovelady loamy fine sand, 1 to 5 CaA—Colita fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent percent slopes ...... 52 slopes...... 29 LvD—Lovelady loamy fine sand, 5 to 8 CaB—Colita fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent percent slopes ...... 53 slopes...... 30 MpA—Mollville-Besner complex, 0 to 2 ClA—Colita-Laska complex, 0 to 2 percent percent slopes ...... 54 slopes...... 31 MsB—Moswell loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes ..... 55 CoB—Corrigan loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes..... 32 MsE—Moswell loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes ... 56 CoD—Corrigan loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes... 33 MxA—Moten-Multey complex, 0 to 2 percent EaA—Eastham clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 34 slopes...... 57 EaB—Eastham clay, 2 to 5 percent slopes...... 35 Oz—Ozias-Pophers complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded ...... 58 6

PeB—Penning very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 Corrigan Series ...... 110 percent slopes ...... 59 Eastham Series ...... 112 Po—Pophers silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent Etoile Series ...... 113 slopes, frequently flooded ...... 60 Fuller Series...... 114 RbB—Rayburn fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 Garner Series ...... 116 percent slopes ...... 61 Gladewater Series ...... 117 RwB—Rosenwall fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 Hainesville Series ...... 118 percent slopes ...... 62 Herty Series ...... 119 RwD—Rosenwall fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 Kellison Series ...... 120 percent slopes ...... 63 Keltys Series ...... 121 SsA—Sawlit-Sawtown complex, 0 to 2 Kitterll Series ...... 122 percent slopes ...... 63 Koury Series...... 123 StD—Stringtown fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 Kurth Series ...... 124 percent slopes ...... 65 Laska Series ...... 125 TeD—Tehran loamy sand, 5 to 15 percent Latex Series ...... 127 slopes ...... 66 Letney Series ...... 128 UrB—Urland fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent Lovelady Series ...... 129 slopes ...... 66 Mollville Series ...... 131 WnB—Woden fine sandy loam, 1 to 4 Moswell Series ...... 132 percent slopes ...... 67 Moten Series ...... 133 Use and Management of the Soils ...... 69 Multey Series ...... 135 Crops and Pasture ...... 69 Ozias Series ...... 136 Pasture and Hayland ...... 70 Penning Series ...... 137 Prime Farmland ...... 73 Pophers Series ...... 139 Woodland Management and Productivity ...... 74 Rayburn Series ...... 140 Forest Productivity and Management ...... 80 Rosenwall Series ...... 141 Recreation ...... 82 Sawlit Series ...... 143 Wildlife Habitat ...... 84 Sawtown Series ...... 144 Engineering ...... 88 Stringtown Series ...... 146 Soil Properties ...... 95 Tehran Series ...... 147 Engineering Index Properties ...... 95 Urland Series ...... 148 Physical Properties ...... 96 Woden Series ...... 150 Chemical Properties ...... 97 Formation of the Soils ...... 151 Soil Features ...... 98 Factors of Soil Formation ...... 151 Water Features ...... 98 Parent Material ...... 151 Hydric Soils ...... 99 Climate ...... 151 Classification of the Soils ...... 101 Plant and Animal Life ...... 151 Soil Series and Their Morphology...... 101 Relief ...... 152 Alazan Series ...... 101 Time ...... 152 Annona Series ...... 103 Surface Geology ...... 152 Austonio Series ...... 104 Tertiary Formations and Associated Soils ...... 152 Besner Series ...... 107 Quaternary Formations, Sediments, and Browndell Series ...... 108 Associated Soils ...... 154 Colita Series ...... 109 References ...... 155 7

Glossary ...... 157 Table 8.—Recreation ...... 190 Tables ...... 167 Table 9.—Wildlife Habitat ...... 198 Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation ...... 168 Table 10.—Construction Materials ...... 201 Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall ...... 169 Table 11.—Building Site Development ...... 211 Table 3.—Growing Season ...... 169 Table 12.—Sanitary Facilities ...... 219 Table 4.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent Table 13.—Water Management ...... 228 of the Soils...... 170 Table 14.—Engineering Index Properties ...... 233 Table 5.—Land Capability and Yields per Acre Table 15.—Physical Properties of the Soils ...... 243 of Crops and Pasture ...... 171 Table 16.—Chemical Properties of the Soils ...... 249 Table 6.—Forest Productivity ...... 174 Table 17.—Soil Features ...... 254 Table 7a.—Forestland Management...... 178 Table 18.—Water Features ...... 257 Table 7b.—Forestland Management...... 184 Table 19.—Classification of the Soils...... 261 9

Foreword

This soil survey contains information that affects land use planning in this survey area. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey also highlights soil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the impact of selected land uses on the environment. This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, ranchers, foresters, and agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management needed for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select sites for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper performance. Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help them understand, protect, and enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report is intended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The location of each soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described. Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in using this publication and additional information are available at the local office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

John P. Burt State Conservationist Natural Resources Conservation Service 11

Soil Survey of Trinity County, Texas

By Levi J. Steptoe, Jr., Natural Resources Conservation Service

Fieldwork by Levi J. Steptoe, Jr., Lynn D. Gray, and Joseph Castille, soil scientists, Natural Resources Conservation Service

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, in cooperation with Texas Agricultural Experiment Station and United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service

TRINITY COUNTY is in the east-central part of Texas in the pine region (fig. 1). It extends diagonally from the Trinity River, which forms the southwest border, to the Neches River, which forms the northeast border. It is bounded on the north by Houston and Angelina Counties, on the east by Angelina and Polk Counties, on the south by Walker and Polk Counties, and on the west by Houston and Walker Counties. The county has an area of 704 square miles. The county is approximately 37 miles in length and 25 miles in width. It resembles a parallelogram in shape, but the northern and southern boundaries follow the irregular Austin meanderings of the Trinity and Neches Rivers, respectively. The topography of the county is undulating, breaking into abrupt, but low hills in some parts near the Neches River. The elevation ranges from 250 to 300 feet above sea level. The highest elevation is one-half mile south of the town of Groveton. The county is in the East Texas Timberlands resource area. The relief of the area is nearly level to sloping. The area has well defined drainage patterns Figure 1.—Location of Trinity County in Texas. and is dissected by many streams. agriculture, natural resources, and climate of the Timber and cattle production are important to the county. economy of Trinity County. Most areas in the county are used as woodland, pastureland, and hayland. Some limited acreage is used as cropland. Settlement and Population Trinity County was in the original municipality of General Nature of the Survey Nacogdoches and was granted to Joseph Vehlins by the Area Mexican government in 1827. This grant called for the colonization of 200 families. This section gives general information concerning Several grants were made afterwards from the Vehlins Trinity County. It discusses settlement and population, Grant to would-be colonizers. The most important of 12 Soil Survey

these grants was a league granted by the state of period 1961 to 1990. Table 2 shows probable dates of Coahuila in Mexico and Texas to Maria Guadeloupe De the first freeze in fall and the last freeze in spring. Castro. The land upon which the city of Groveton is built Table 3 provides data on the length of the growing is within the bounds of this grant. season. The native population in the early days is described In winter, the average temperature is 50 degrees F by travelers as scarce, but friendly and kind. A tribe of and the average daily minimum temperature is 38 Indians settled in the northeastern part of what is now degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which Trinity County in about 1850. They were locally known occurred at Groveton on December 23, 1989, was 1 as the Alabama Indians. The creek upon which they degree. In summer, the average temperature is 81 settled is known by the name of these Indians— degrees and the average daily maximum temperature Alabama Creek. is 93 degrees. The highest temperature, which Trinity County was created on December 7, 1841, by occurred at Groveton on August 11, 1969, was 108 an act of the Republic of Texas. The first permanent degrees. settler within the present bounds of Trinity County was Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They are Jesse James. He settled on Alabama Creek with the equivalent to “heat units”. During the month, growing Indian village in the year 1844. degree days accumulate by the amount that the average temperature each day exceeds a base Agriculture temperature (50 degrees F). The normal monthly accumulation is used to schedule single or successive Woodland, livestock, and hay are the main plantings of a crop between the last freeze in spring agricultural enterprises in Trinity County. Timber and the first freeze in fall. production in the county is a major product. Pine timber The average annual total precipitation is about 45 is sold for pulpwood, posts, crossties, and other wood inches. Of this, about 30 inches, or 67 percent, usually products. Mature pine stands are sold for sawtimber. falls in March through October. The growing season for Hardwood forests are cut mainly as crossties, most crops falls within this period. The heaviest 1-day pulpwood, or firewood. There are several large timber rainfall during the period of record was 12 inches at companies and a national forest with timberlands that Groveton on October 17, 1994. Thunderstorms occur on produce timber that accounts for more than 60 percent about 61 days each year, and most occur between May of agriculture revenues in Trinity County. and September. Livestock operations are mainly cow/calf. Beef cattle The average seasonal snowfall is 0.3 inches. The sales account for 30 percent of the agricultural income greatest snow depth at any one time during the period in the county. The livestock are mainly pastured in the of record was 9 inches recorded on December 21, summer and fed hay and feed supplement in the winter. 1929. The heaviest 1-day snowfall on record was 9.5 Cattle graze improved cool-season grasses and inches recorded on December 21, 1929. legumes in winter, spring, and early summer. The average relative humidity in mid-afternoon is about 59 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and the Natural Resources average at dawn is about 90 percent. The sun shines 65 percent of the time in summer and 47 percent in Woodland is a very important natural resource in winter. The prevailing wind is from the south. Average Trinity County. The woodland areas in the county are wind speed is highest, around 9 miles per hour, from diversified and have various wildlife and recreation February to April. potential. Most of the areas in the county are leased for deer hunting, which provides added income to How This Survey Was Made landowners. Water is an important natural resource. Lake This survey was made to provide information about Livingston in the southwestern part of the county the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area. provides flood control, fishing, and other recreational The information includes a description of the soils and activities. The smaller creeks and lakes provide miscellaneous areas and their location and a discussion abundant water supplies for the county. of their suitability, limitations, and management for specified uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, Climate length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitation kinds of bedrock. They dug many holes to study the soil for the survey area as recorded at Groveton in the profile, which is the sequence of natural layers, or Trinity County, Texas 13

horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface segment of the landform. By observing the soils and down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating formed. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots their position to specific segments of the landform, a and other living organisms and has not been changed soil scientist develops a concept or model of how they by other biological activity. were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable are in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area at a specific location on the landscape. area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge associated with a particular kind of landform or with a into one another as their characteristics gradually

Figure 2.—Piezometer study site on Alazan soils in an area of Alazan-Besner complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes. Soil scientists collect data on seasonal water table fluctuations in order to make predictions about the behavior of the soils for a variety of land uses. 14

change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, of the soils are field tested through observation of the soil scientists must determine the boundaries between soils in different uses and under different levels of the soils. They can observe only a limited number of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, local conditions, and some new interpretations are supplemented by an understanding of the soil- developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to from other sources, such as research information, verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to production records, and field experience of specialists. determine the boundaries. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil of management are assembled from farm records and profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and soil properties but also on such variables as climate and other features that enable them to identify soils. After biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over describing the soils in the survey area and determining long periods of time, but they are not predictable from their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil will have a high water table within certain depths in characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes most years, but they cannot predict that a high water are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic specific date (fig. 2). classification used in the United States, is based mainly After soil scientists located and identified the on the kind and character of soil properties and the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial soil scientists classified and named the soils in the photographs and identified each as a specific map unit. survey area, they compared the individual soils with Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries so that they could confirm data and assemble additional accurately. data based on experience and research. The descriptions, names, and delineations of the While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some soils in this survey area do not fully agree with those of of the soils in the area generally are collected for the soils in some of the adjacent survey areas. laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil Differences are a result of a better knowledge of soils, scientists interpret the data from these analyses and modifications in series concepts, or variations in the tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and intensity of mapping or in the extent of the soils in the the soil properties to determine the expected behavior survey areas. of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all 15

General Soil Map Units

The general soil map in this publication shows broad grayish brown loam with light gray streaks of sandy areas that have a distinctive pattern of soils, relief, and loam. The substratum is light brownish gray mudstone. drainage. Each map unit on the general soil map is a Typically, the surface layer of the Kurth soils is dark unique natural landscape. Typically, it consists of one or brown fine sandy loam. The subsurface layer is pale more major soils or miscellaneous areas and some brown fine sandy loam. The upper part of the subsoil is minor soils or miscellaneous areas. It is named for the yellowish brown sandy clay loam with brownish yellow major soils or miscellaneous areas. The components of and red iron concentrations and pale brown and light one map unit can occur in another but in a different brownish gray streaks. The lower part of the subsoil is pattern. light gray clay loam with red and brownish yellow iron The general soil map can be used to compare the concentrations. The underlying material is reddish suitability of large areas for general land uses. Areas of yellow stratified sandstone and mudstone. suitable soils can be identified on the map. Likewise, Typically, the surface layer of the Keltys soils is dark areas where the soils are not suitable can be identified. brown fine sandy loam. The subsurface layer is pale Because of its small scale, the map is not suitable for brown fine sandy loam. The upper part of the subsoil is planning the management of a farm or field or for brownish yellow loam with light brownish gray streaks. selecting a site for a road or building or other structure. The lower part of the subsoil is pale brown sandy loam The soils in any one map unit differ from place to place with pockets of brownish yellow loam and reddish in slope, depth, drainage, and other characteristics that yellow iron concentrations. The underlying material is affect management. light brownish gray mudstone with light yellowish brown iron concentrations. Of minor extent in this map unit are Herty, Koury, Soil Descriptions Lovelady, Moswell, Moten, Multey, Penning, and Pophers soils. Herty and Moswell soils are more clayey in the subsoil and have a thinner surface layer than 1. Fuller-Kurth-Keltys Keltys and Kurth soils. Koury and Pophers soils are on flood plains of creeks. Lovelady soils are on very gently Nearly level to moderately sloping, loamy soils that are sloping to moderately sloping, smooth, convex ridges or moderately well drained to somewhat poorly drained; side slopes. Moten, Multey, and Penning soils are on on uplands lower slopes and terraces. This map unit is made up mainly of Fuller soils on Most of the acreage of this map unit is used as broad, nearly level to very gently sloping and slightly woodland. Some areas are used as pastureland, and a concave interstream divides. Keltys and Kurth soils are few areas are used as cropland, primarily truck crops. on broad, smooth, slightly convex, very gently sloping to These soils are moderately well suited to poorly moderately sloping interstream divides. These soils are suited for pasture and hayland. Most of the pasture and slowly permeable to very slowly permeable. The hayland is improved bermudagrass and bahiagrass, underlying material is stratified mudstone, shale, and which can be overseeded to clover or vetch. Fertilizer, soft sandstone with yellowish brown mottles. lime, and rotational grazing are needed for sustained This map unit makes up about 30 percent of the yields. county. It is about 35 percent Fuller and similar soils, 30 These soils are well suited to use as woodland. percent Kurth and similar soils, 20 percent Keltys and Native pines and mixed hardwoods grow on these soils. similar soils, and 15 percent soils of minor extent Loblolly pine is dominant. Lack of moisture during the (fig. 3). summer months is a limiting factor. Seedling mortality Typically, the surface layer of the Fuller soils is is a limiting factor, especially on Fuller soils, and it is grayish brown fine sandy loam. The subsurface layer is also difficult to reestablish seedling on this soil once it light brownish gray fine sandy loam. The subsoil is has been clearcut and site prepared. 16 Soil Survey

Figure 3.—Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Fuller-Kurth-Keltys general soil map unit.

2. Kurth-Colita-Lovelady and red iron concentrations and pale brown to light brownish gray streaks. The lower part of the subsoil is Nearly level to moderately sloping, loamy soils that are light gray clay loam with red and brownish yellow iron well drained to somewhat poorly drained; on uplands concentrations. The underlying material is reddish This map unit is made up mainly of Kurth soils that yellow stratified sandstone and mudstone. are on very gently sloping to moderately sloping stream Typically, the surface layer of the Colita soils is dark divides and convex ridges. Colita soils are on nearly grayish brown fine sandy loam. The subsurface layer is level to very gently sloping broad areas between light brownish gray fine sandy loam. The upper part of drainageways. Lovelady soils are on very gently sloping the subsoil is dark grayish brown fine sandy loam with to moderately sloping interstream divides and side light brownish gray streaks. The middle part of the slopes. These soils are moderately permeable to slowly subsoil is dark grayish brown sandy clay loam with light permeable. The underlying material is sandstone, brownish gray streaks. The lower part of the subsoil is mudstone, and shale. grayish brown sandy clay loam with pale yellow shale This map unit makes up about 29 percent of the fragments. The underlying material is pale yellow county. It is about 35 percent Kurth and similar soils, 30 shale. percent Colita and similar soils, 20 percent Lovelady Typically, the surface layer of the Lovelady soils is and similar soils, and 15 percent soils of minor extent. brown loamy fine sand. The subsurface layer is loamy Typically, the surface layer of the Kurth soils is dark fine sand that is pale brown in the upper part and light brown fine sandy loam. The subsurface layer is pale yellowish brown in the lower part. The upper part of brown fine sandy loam. The upper part of the subsoil is the subsoil is yellowish brown sandy clay loam with red yellowish brown sandy clay loam with brownish yellow iron concentrations and pale brown streaks. The Trinity County, Texas 17

middle part of the subsoil is variegated dark red, light brownish gray clay depletions in the lower part. grayish brown, and brownish yellow sandy clay loam. The underlying material is brown shale. The lower part of the subsoil is grayish brown clay Typically, the surface layer of the Moswell soils is loam with pale brown streaks. brown loam. The subsurface layer is pale brown loam Of minor extent in this map unit are Browndell, with yellowish brown iron concentrations. The upper Kitterll, Laska, and Rayburn soils. Browndell soils are part of the subsoil is red clay with brown iron clayey and shallow and are on moderately sloping to accumulations and gray iron depletions. The middle moderately steep side slopes. Kitterll soils are loamy part of the subsoil is yellowish red, light brownish gray, and very shallow and are on small knobs. Laska soils and red clay. The lower part of the subsoil is grayish are loamy and are in similar landscape positions. brown clay with brownish yellow iron concentrations. Rayburn soils have a clayey subsoil and are on small The underlying material is light brownish gray and gray knobs. shale. Most of the acreage of this map unit is used as Of minor extent in this map unit are Kellison, Keltys, woodland. The soils in the smoother areas of this map Koury, Kurth, Lovelady, Moten, Multey, and Pophers unit are used as pasture or hayland, with some areas soils. Koury and Pophers soils are on flood plains of as cropland. The soils in this map unit are used as creeks. Keltys, Kurth, and Lovelady soils have a loamy woodland in most of the rougher, more sloping areas. subsoil and are in higher landscape positions. In Most of the pasture and hayland is improved addition, Lovelady soils have a thick, sandy surface and bermudagrass. The main limitation for use as pasture subsurface layer. Moten and Multey soils are loamy and and hayland is droughtiness. Pastures require light are in lower landscape positions. applications of fertilizer and lime at frequent intervals Most of the acreage of this map unit is used as for best production. Legumes, such as vetch, crimson woodland. Some areas are used as pastureland, and a clover, and singletary pea, overseeded into the grass, few areas are used as cropland. lengthen the grazing season and improve the soil tilth. These soils are moderately well suited to use as Fertilizer, lime, and rotational grazing are needed for pasture and hayland. Most of the pasture and hayland sustained yields. is improved bermudagrass and bahiagrass, which can These soils are moderately well suited to pine tree be overseeded with legumes, such as crimson clover or production. Loblolly pine and shortleaf pine are the vetch. Fertilizer, lime, and rotational grazing are needed dominant species, with sweetgum, hickory, post oak, for sustained yields. southern red oak, and white oak intermingled. The low These soils are moderately well suited to use as available water capacity, which causes seedling woodland. Native pines and mixed hardwoods grow on mortality and slow tree growth, is the main limitation. these soils. Loblolly pine is dominant. The potential for Longleaf uniola, pinehill bluestem, purpletop, and erosion increases with slope; therefore, care must be diverse shrubs are the main plants in the understory. taken to avoid excessive uphill and downhill rutting on steeper sites. 3. Herty-Moswell 4. Colita-Laska-Corrigan Nearly level to moderately steep, clayey soils that are well drained to moderately well drained; on uplands Nearly level to strongly sloping, loamy and clayey soils that are moderately well drained to somewhat poorly This map unit is made up mainly of Herty soils on drained; on uplands broad, nearly level to very gently sloping interstream divides. Moswell soils are on broad, very gently sloping This map unit is made up mainly of Colita soils on interstream divides to moderately steep side slopes. broad, nearly level to very gently sloping and slightly These soils are very slowly permeable. The underlying concave interstream divides. Laska soils are on nearly material is shale. level to gently sloping, broad, smooth to slightly This map unit makes up about 12 percent of the concave, low ridges. Corrigan soils are on very gently county. It is about 40 percent Herty and similar soils, 35 sloping to strongly sloping interstream divides and side percent Moswell and similar Etoile soils, and 25 slopes. These soils are moderately rapidly permeable percent soils of minor extent (fig. 4). to very slowly permeable. Typically, the surface layer of the Herty soils is dark This map unit makes up about 11 percent of the brown loam. The subsurface layer is grayish brown county. It is about 35 percent Colita and similar soils, 30 loam. The subsoil is dark grayish brown clay and has percent Laska and similar soils, 25 percent Corrigan 18 Soil Survey

Figure 4.—Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Herty-Moswell general soil map unit. and similar soils, and 10 percent soils of minor extent Typically, the surface layer of the Corrigan soils is (fig. 5). dark grayish brown loam. The upper part of the subsoil Typically, the surface layer of the Colita soils is dark is dark grayish brown clay with yellowish brown iron grayish brown fine sandy loam. The subsurface layer is concentrations and dark gray iron depletions. The light brownish gray fine sandy loam. The upper part of middle part of the subsoil is grayish brown clay with the subsoil is dark grayish brown fine sandy loam with yellowish brown iron concentrations. The lower part of light brownish gray streaks. The middle part of the the subsoil is dark grayish brown clay. The underlying subsoil is dark grayish brown sandy clay loam with light material is light yellowish brown tuffaceous siltstone. brownish gray streaks. The lower part of the subsoil is Of minor extent in this map unit are Koury, Letney, grayish brown sandy clay loam with pale yellow shale Lovelady, Pophers, and Tehran soils. Koury and Pophers fragments. The underlying material is pale yellow soils are on flood plains of creeks. Letney, Lovelady, and shale. Tehran soils are on very gently sloping to moderately Typically, the surface layer of the Laska soils is dark steep, smooth, convex ridges or side slopes. brown fine sandy loam. The subsurface layer is pale Most of the acreage of this map unit is used as brown fine sandy loam in the upper part and light woodland. Some areas are used as pastureland. yellowish brown fine sandy loam in the lower part. The These soils are well suited to use as pasture and upper part of the subsoil is strong brown loam with hayland. Most of the pasture and hayland is improved pale brown streaks and yellowish brownish iron bermudagrass and bahiagrass. Fertilizer, lime, and concentrations. The middle part of the subsoil is rotational grazing are needed for sustained yields. yellowish brown loam with pale brown streaks and These soils are well suited to use as woodland. strong brown iron concentrations. The lower part of the Native pines and mixed hardwoods grow on these soils. subsoil is strong brown sandy clay loam with pale Loblolly pine is dominant. Lack of moisture during brown streaks and concentrations and red iron summer months is a limiting factor. Generally, pine concentrations. The underlying material is light seedlings are easily planted on these soils. yellowish brown, olive yellow, dark grayish brown, and pale yellow weathered bedrock. Trinity County, Texas 19

Figure 5.—Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Colita-Laska-Corrigan general soil map unit.

5. Koury-Pophers of the subsoil is dark grayish brown to grayish brown silt loam. The lower part of the subsoil is dark grayish Nearly level, loamy soils that are moderately well brown loam with brownish yellow iron concentrations. drained to somewhat poorly drained; on flood plains Typically, the surface layer of the Pophers soils is This map unit is made up mainly of moderately well dark grayish brown silty clay loam. The upper part of drained Koury soils and somewhat poorly drained the subsoil is light brownish gray silty clay loam with Pophers soils on nearly level flood plains of several yellowish brown iron concentrations. The middle part of major streams on the Yegua, Caddell, Manning, and the subsoil is dark grayish brown silty clay loam with Catahoula Formations. These soils are moderately light gray clay depletions and dark yellowish brown iron slowly permeable. These soils are subject to flooding concentrations. The lower part of the subsoil is grayish almost annually. brown silty clay loam with dark yellowish brown iron This map unit makes up about 6 percent of the concentrations. county. It is about 45 percent Koury and similar soils, 35 Of minor extent in this map unit are Colita, Fuller, percent Pophers and similar soils, and 20 percent soils Herty, Keltys, Kurth, Moten, Multey, and Penning soils. of minor extent. Colita and Fuller soils are in slightly higher landscape Typically, the surface layer of the Koury soils is dark positions. Herty soils are in higher landscape positions grayish brown silt loam. The upper part of the subsoil is and have a clayey subsoil. Keltys and Kurth soils are in grayish brown grading to brown loam. The middle part higher landscape positions and are moderately well 20 Soil Survey

drained. Moten and Multey soils are in slightly higher Keltys, Kurth, Moten, Multey, and Penning soils. Fuller landscape positions and are mounded. Penning soils soils are in slightly higher landscape positions. Herty are in slightly higher landscape positions and have a soils are in higher landscape positions and have a solum less than 60 inches thick. clayey subsoil. Keltys and Kurth soils are in higher Most of the acreage of this map unit is used as landscape positions and are moderately well drained. woodland. Some areas are used as pastureland. The Moten and Multey soils are in slightly higher landscape soils in this map unit generally are not used as cropland positions and are mounded. Penning soils are in slightly because of flooding and wetness. higher landscape positions and have a solum less than The Pophers soils are poorly suited to the production 60 inches thick. of grasses and legumes. The Koury soils are very well Most of the acreage of this map unit is used as suited to the production of grasses and legumes. Most woodland. Some areas are used as pastureland. The of the pasture and hayland is bahiagrass and common soils in this map unit generally are not used as cropland bermudagrass. Fertilizer, lime, and rotational grazing because of flooding and wetness. are needed for sustained yields. The Pophers and Ozias soils are poorly suited to the In some areas, these soils are used as woodland. production of grasses and legumes. Most of the pasture Sweetgum, water oak, and willow oak are dominant. and hayland is bahiagrass and common bermudagrass. Loblolly pine grows well on moderately well drained Fertilizer, lime, and rotational grazing are needed for areas. Flooding and wetness hinders most harvesting sustained yields. operations. In some areas, these soils are used as woodland. Sweetgum, water oak, and willow oak are dominant. Loblolly pine grows well on moderately well drained 6. Pophers-Ozias areas. Flooding and wetness hinders most harvesting operations. Nearly level, loamy and clayey soils that are somewhat poorly drained; on flood plains This map unit is made up mainly of loamy Pophers 7. Penning-Moten soils and clayey Ozias soils on nearly level flood plains Nearly level to very gently sloping, loamy soils that are of several major streams on the Yegua, Caddell, moderately well drained; on uplands and terraces Manning, and Catahoula Formations. These soils are moderately slowly permeable to very slowly permeable. This map unit is made up mainly of Penning soils on These soils are subject to flooding almost annually. nearly level to very gently sloping drainageways and This map unit makes up about 4 percent of the stream divides and Moten soils on broad, nearly level to county. It is about 45 percent Pophers and similar soils, very gently sloping mounded terraces. These soils are 35 percent Ozias and similar soils, and 20 percent soils moderately permeable to slowly permeable. of minor extent. This map unit makes up about 3 percent of the Typically, the surface layer of the Pophers soils is county. It is about 40 percent Penning and similar soils, dark grayish brown silty clay loam. The upper part of 35 percent Moten and similar soils, and 25 percent soils the subsoil is light brownish gray silty clay loam with of minor extent. yellowish brown iron concentrations. The middle part of Typically, the surface layer of the Penning soils is the subsoil is dark grayish brown silty clay loam with dark grayish brown very fine sandy loam. The light gray clay depletions and dark yellowish brown iron subsurface layer is pale brown very fine sandy loam concentrations. The lower part of the subsoil is grayish with yellowish brown iron stains in the upper part and brown silty clay loam with dark yellowish brown iron brownish yellow iron concentrations and brownish gray concentrations. iron depletions in the lower part. The upper part of the Typically, the surface layer of the Ozias soils is dark subsoil is brownish yellow loam with pale brown grayish brown clay with dark red, strong brown, and streaks of sandy loam. The lower part of the subsoil is reddish yellow iron stains and concentrations. The grayish brown loam with light gray streaks of fine sandy upper part of the subsoil is grayish brown clay with loam. The underlying material is pale yellow mudstone. strong brown iron concentrations. The middle part of Typically, the surface layer of the Moten soils is dark the subsoil is light brownish gray silty clay loam with grayish brown silt loam. The upper part of the strong brown redoximorphic concentrations. The lower subsurface layer is pale brown silt loam with dark part of the subsoil is dark gray clay with strong brown yellowish brown and yellowish brown iron iron concentrations. concentrations. The lower part of the subsurface layer Of minor extent in this map unit are Fuller, Herty, is light brownish gray silt loam with grayish brown Trinity County, Texas 21

streaks of loam. The upper part of the subsoil is Typically, the surface layer of the Eastham soils is variegated grayish brown loam and pale brown silt very dark gray clay. The upper part of the subsoil is loam. The lower part of the subsoil is grayish brown dark gray clay with red iron concentrations and very loam and light yellowish brown clay loam. The dark gray organic concentrations. The middle part of substratum is grayish brown and pale yellow clay loam. the subsoil is gray clay with strong brown iron Of minor extent in this map unit are Austonio, concentrations. The lower part of the subsoil is dark Besner, Hainesville, Mollville, Multey, Sawtown, and grayish brown clay with light yellowish brown iron Sawlit soils. Austonio soils are loamy and are on nearly concentrations grading to dark yellowish brown clay level to moderately steep, beveled side slopes. Besner with light gray iron depletions. soils are loamy and are on broad, nearly level to very Typically, the surface layer of the Garner soils is dark gently sloping terraces. Hainesville soils are on sand gray clay with dark brown and yellowish brown iron ridges. Mollville soils are loamy and wet and are on concentrations. The upper part of the subsoil is dark nearly level to very gently sloping, smooth to slightly grayish brown clay with brownish yellow iron concave areas on terraces. Multey soils are loamy and concentrations and light brownish gray iron depletions. are on mounds. Sawlit and Sawtown soils are loamy The middle part of the subsoil is light brownish gray and are on mounded landscapes. and light gray clay with brownish yellow and yellowish Most of the acreage of this map unit is used as brown iron concentrations. The lower part of the woodland. Some areas are used as pastureland, and a subsoil is gray clay with yellowish brown iron few areas are used as cropland. concentrations grading to dark grayish brown clay with These soils are moderately well suited to poorly yellow iron concentrations. suited to use as pasture and hayland. Most of the Of minor extent in this map unit are Annona, Besner, pasture and hayland is improved bermudagrass and Gladewater, Hainesville, and Mollville soils. Annona soils bahiagrass, which can be overseeded to clover or are in landscape positions similar to those of the vetch. Fertilizer, lime, and rotational grazing are needed Eastham soils. Besner soils are loamy and are on for sustained yields. broad, nearly level to very gently sloping terraces. These soils are well suited to use as woodland. Gladewater soils are on flood plains of the Trinity River. Native pines and mixed hardwoods grow on these soils. Hainesville soils are on sand ridges. Mollville soils are Loblolly pine is dominant. Lack of moisture during the loamy and wet and are on nearly level to very gently summer months is a limiting factor. Seedling mortality sloping, smooth to slightly concave areas on terraces. is a limiting factor, especially on Fuller soils, and it is The soils in this map unit are used mainly as also difficult to reestablish seedlings on this soil once it pastureland. Some areas are used as woodland, and a has been clearcut and site prepared. few areas are used as cropland. These soils are moderately well suited to use as pasture and hayland. Most of the pasture and hayland 8. Eastham-Garner is improved bermudagrass and bahiagrass, which can be overseeded with legumes, such as crimson clover, Nearly level to gently sloping, clayey soils that are white dutch clover, arrowleaf clover, or vetch. Fertilizer, moderately well drained; on terraces lime, and rotational grazing are needed for sustained This map unit is made up mainly of Eastham soils on yields. broad, smooth, nearly level to gently sloping terraces. These soils are moderately well suited to use as Garner soils are on smooth, nearly level terraces. woodland. Native pines and mixed hardwoods grow on These soils are very slowly permeable. these soils. Loblolly pines are dominant on Freestone This map unit makes up about 2 percent of the soils. Some sites, however, may have a high pH, which county. It is about 35 percent Eastham and similar soils, will limit their suitability for pine trees. The clayey 30 percent Garner and similar soils, and 35 percent surface may restrict equipment use during any soils of minor extent. harvesting operation to prevent excessive rutting and to maintain normal drainage. 23

Detailed Soil Map Units

The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps The presence of minor components in a map unit in in this survey represent the soils or miscellaneous no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions in data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure this section, along with the maps, can be used to taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape determine the suitability and potential of a unit for into landforms or landform segments that have similar specific uses. They also can be used to plan the use and management requirements. The delineation of management needed for those uses. such segments on the map provides sufficient A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an information for the development of resource plans. If area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and investigation is needed to define and locate the soils named according to the taxonomic classification of the and miscellaneous areas. dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. the map unit descriptions. Each description includes On the landscape, however, the soils are natural general facts about the unit and gives the principal phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability hazards and limitations to be considered in planning for of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some specific uses. observed properties may extend beyond the limits Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without surface layer, all the soils of a series have major including areas of other taxonomic classes. horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or arrangement. miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface minor components that belong to taxonomic classes layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other than those of the major soils. other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis Most minor soils have properties similar to those of of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil do not affect use and management. These are called maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit management. For example, Kurth fine sandy loam, 1 to description. Other minor components, however, have 3 percent slopes, is a phase of the Kurth series. properties and behavioral characteristics divergent Some map units are made up of two or more major enough to affect use or to require different soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are management. These are called contrasting, or complexes. dissimilar, components. They generally are in small A complex consists of two or more soils or areas and could not be mapped separately because of miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in the scale used. Some small areas of strongly such small areas that they cannot be shown separately contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or by a special symbol on the maps. The contrasting miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. components are mentioned in the map unit Colita-Laska complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an descriptions. A few areas of minor components may not example. have been observed, and consequently they are not Table 4 gives the acreage and proportionate extent mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the of each map unit. Other tables give properties of the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make soils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials for enough observations to identify all the soils and many uses. The Glossary defines many of the terms miscellaneous areas on the landscape. used in describing the soils or miscellaneous areas. 24 Soil Survey

Soil Descriptions 53 to 62 inches—slightly acid, gray, yellowish brown, light gray, and strong brown clay loam with light gray streaks 62 to 80 inches—slightly acid, yellowish brown, light AaB—Alazan very fine sandy loam, gray, and brownish yellow sandy clay loam with 0 to 2 percent slopes light gray streaks Soil Properties Setting Depth: Very deep Landform: Stream terraces Drainage class: Moderately well drained Distinctive landscape features: None Water table: Apparent at 1.5 to 2.5 feet during January Landscape position: Toeslopes and drainageways through April Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping Flooding: None Shape of areas: Long and narrow Runoff: Low Size of areas: Average about 50 acres in size Permeability: Moderate Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Available water capacity: High Composition Root zone: Very deep Natural soil fertility: Medium Alazan and similar soils: 90 percent Shrink-swell potential: Low Contrasting soils: 10 percent Water erosion hazard: Slight Contrasting Soils Land Use • Hainesville soils are in slightly higher areas and are Major land use: Woodland sandy throughout Other land use: Pastureland • Mollville soils are gray throughout and are poorly drained Management Concerns Similar Soils Woodland • Besner soils are in slightly higher landscape positions Major limitations: and are coarser in texture • None • Latex soils are in higher landscape positions and are Minor limitations: better drained • Low strength may limit road use by heavy equipment • Penning soils are in similar positions and have a • The use of some types of equipment may be solum depth of 40 to 60 inches restricted when the water table is high Typical Profile • The abundance of moisture may cause competition for sunlight between seedlings and other plants Surface layer: Pastureland 0 to 4 inches—moderately acid, very dark grayish brown very fine sandy loam Major limitations: • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses Subsoil: and legumes 4 to 19 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow sandy Minor limitations: clay loam with yellowish brown iron concentrations • Slightly wet conditions during the winter and early and light brownish gray clay depletions spring may interfere with harvesting hay, the 19 to 33 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow loam grazing rotation, or the use of equipment with light gray streaks and yellowish brown iron • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily concentrations corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer 33 to 40 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow sandy clay loam with light gray streaks and gray clay Interpretive Groups depletions 40 to 53 inches—slightly acid, gray sandy clay loam Land capability classification: 2w with light gray streaks and yellowish red and Woodland management group: 10 brownish yellow iron concentrations Trinity County, Texas 25

AbA—Alazan-Besner complex, 0 to 2 63 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray percent slopes sandy clay loam with yellowish brown and very pale brown iron concentrations Setting Besner Landform: Stream terraces Surface layer: Distinctive landscape features: Mounds 0 to 3 inches—moderately acid, dark grayish brown fine Landscape position: Toeslopes sandy loam Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping Subsurface layer: Shape of areas: Oblong 3 to 8 inches—moderately acid, light yellowish brown Size of areas: 20 to 75 acres fine sandy loam Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest 8 to 29 inches—moderately acid, light yellowish brown Composition fine sandy loam with yellowish brown iron concentrations Alazan and similar soils: 60 percent Besner and similar soils: 30 percent Subsoil: Contrasting soils: 10 percent 29 to 38 inches—moderately acid, yellowish brown and Contrasting Soils light gray fine sandy loam with yellowish brown iron concentrations • Mollville soils are grayish throughout and are poorly 38 to 44 inches—strongly acid, strong brown loam with drained light gray streaks Similar Soils 44 to 52 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown loam with light gray streaks and red iron concentrations • Multey soils are in slightly higher landscape positions 52 to 64 inches—strongly acid, variegated yellowish • Penning soils are in similar positions and have a brown, red, and yellowish red loam with light gray solum depth of 40 to 60 inches streaks Typical Profile 64 to 70 inches—strongly acid, variegated yellowish red, yellowish brown, and light brownish gray Alazan sandy clay loam with light gray streaks 70 to 80 inches—strongly acid, strong brown sandy clay Surface layer: loam with light gray streaks 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, dark brown very fine sandy loam Soil Properties Subsurface layer: Depth: Very deep 4 to 12 inches—strongly acid, pale brown very fine Drainage class: Alazan—moderately well drained; sandy loam Besner—well drained 12 to 18 inches—slightly acid, light yellowish brown Water table: Alazan—apparent at 1.5 to 2.5 feet during very fine sandy loam January through April; Besner—apparent at 4 to 6 feet in January and February Subsoil: Flooding: None 18 to 28 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow Runoff: Low loam with yellowish brown streaks Permeability: Moderate 28 to 40 inches—very strongly acid, strong brown loam Available water capacity: Alazan—high; with red mottles and pale brown and light brownish Besner—moderate gray streaks Root zone: Very deep 40 to 46 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown Natural soil fertility: Medium loam with light brownish gray and very pale brown Shrink-swell potential: Low streaks Water erosion hazard: Alazan—slight; 46 to 56 inches—very strongly acid, variegated strong Besner—moderate brown, light brownish gray, and very pale brown sandy clay loam Land Use 56 to 63 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray sandy clay loam with brownish yellow iron Major land use: Woodland concentrations Other land use: Pastureland 26 Soil Survey

Management Concerns Similar Soils Woodland • Moswell and Etoile soils have a solum depth of 40 to 60 inches thick Major limitations: • None Typical Profile Minor limitations: Surface layer: • Alazan—low strength may limit road use by heavy 0 to 4 inches—slightly acid, brown fine sandy loam equipment • Alazan—the use of some types of equipment may be Subsurface layer: restricted when the water table is high 4 to 9 inches—moderately acid, pale brown fine sandy • Alazan—abundance of moisture may cause loam competition for sunlight between seedlings and Subsoil: other plants 9 to 13 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown clay Pastureland loam with light gray iron depletions 13 to 17 inches—strongly acid, yellowish red clay with Major limitations: light gray iron depletions • These soils are well suited to the production of 17 to 21 inches—strongly acid, yellowish red clay with grasses and legumes red iron concentrations Minor limitations: 21 to 27 inches—strongly acid, red clay with yellow and • Alazan—slightly wet conditions during the winter and red iron concentrations and light gray iron early spring may interfere with harvesting hay, the depletions grazing rotation, or the use of equipment 27 to 38 inches—strongly acid, variegated red, yellow, • Alazan and Besner—soil acidity and inadequate and white clay fertility are easily corrected with additions of lime 38 to 43 inches—strongly acid, white clay with red and and fertilizer yellow iron concentrations Interpretive Groups 43 to 52 inches—slightly acid, variegated red, brownish yellow, and white clay Land capability classification: Alazan—2w; Besner—2e 52 to 80 inches—neutral, light reddish brown clay with Woodland management group: Alazan—10; Besner—6 yellowish red and white iron depletions Soil Properties AnB—Annona fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained Setting Water table: More than 6 feet Flooding: None Landform: Stream terraces Runoff: Low Distinctive landscape features: None Permeability: Very slow Landscape position: Toeslopes Available water capacity: Moderate Slope: Very gently sloping Root zone: Very deep Shape of areas: Broad and oval Natural soil fertility: Medium Size of areas: 25 to 50 acres Shrink-swell potential: High Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Water erosion hazard: Slight Composition Land Use Annona and similar soils: 90 percent Major land use: Woodland Contrasting soils: 10 percent Other land use: Pastureland Contrasting Soils Management Concerns Woodland • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout and are somewhat excessively drained Major limitations: • Mollville soils are poorly drained and are in • None depressions Minor limitations: • The use of some types of equipment may be restricted during wet seasons Trinity County, Texas 27

Pastureland Subsoil: 13 to 20 inches—strongly acid, yellowish red sandy clay Major limitations: loam with pale brown iron depletions • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 20 to 32 inches—strongly acid, strong brown sandy clay of grasses and legumes loam Minor limitations: 32 to 38 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown fine • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey subsoil, sandy loam with pale brown iron depletions which limits water intake and storage for plant 38 to 51 inches—strongly acid, reddish yellow fine production sandy loam with pale brown pockets • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Underlying material: 51 to 62 inches—very strongly acid, pale brown loamy Interpretive Groups fine sand with reddish yellow iron concentrations Land capability classification: 3e 62 to 70 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown Woodland management group: 12 fine sandy loam with pale brown pockets 70 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, strong brown fine sandy loam with brownish yellow iron AuB—Austonio fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 concentrations percent slopes Soil Properties Setting Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Landform: Stream terraces Water table: More than 6 feet Distinctive landscape features: None Flooding: None Landscape position: Ridgetops and toeslopes Runoff: Low Slope: Very gently sloping Permeability: Moderate Shape of areas: Oval Available water capacity: Moderate Size of areas: 15 to 60 acres Root zone: Very deep Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Natural soil fertility: Medium Composition Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Water erosion hazard: Moderate Austonio and similar soils: 90 percent Contrasting soils: 10 percent Land Use Contrasting Soils Major land use: Woodland Other land use: Pastureland • Hainesville soils are in similar landscape positions and are somewhat excessively drained Management Concerns • Mollville soils are in depressions and are poorly Woodland drained Major limitations: Similar Soils • None • Besner soils have less than 18 percent clay in the Minor limitations: upper part of the subsoil • None • Sawtown soils have a clayey subsoil within 60 inches Pastureland Typical Profile Major limitations: • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses Surface layer: and legumes 0 to 4 inches—slightly acid, brown fine sandy loam Minor limitations: Subsurface layer: • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 4 to 9 inches—strongly acid, pale brown fine sandy corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer loam Interpretive Groups 9 to 13 inches—strongly acid, pale brown fine sandy loam with yellowish brown mottles Land capability classification: 3e Woodland management group: 6 28 Soil Survey

AuD—Austonio fine sandy loam, 5 to Root zone: Very deep 15 percent slopes Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Setting Water erosion hazard: Moderate Land Use Landform: Stream terraces Distinctive landscape features: None Major land use: Woodland Landscape position: Side slopes Other land use: Pastureland Slope: Moderately sloping to moderately steep Management Concerns Shape of areas: Narrow Size of areas: 25 to 40 acres Woodland Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Major limitations: Composition • None Minor limitations: Austonio and similar soils: 90 percent • Slope may cause a moderate rate of erosion Contrasting soils: 10 percent following harvesting or other disturbance Contrasting Soils Pastureland • Moswell soils have more than 60 percent clay Major limitations: throughout the subsoil • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses Similar Soils and legumes Minor limitations: • Woden soils have less clay in the subsoil • On steeper slopes, water runoff is higher and less Typical Profile water enters the root zone for plant production • Steeper slopes also increase the hazard of excessive Surface layer: erosion during pasture establishment or renovation 0 to 3 inches—moderately acid, very dark grayish and in pastures that are overgrazed brown fine sandy loam Interpretive Groups Subsurface layer: 3 to 12 inches—moderately acid, dark brown fine sandy Land capability classification: 6e loam Woodland management group: 6 Subsoil: 12 to 21 inches—very strongly acid, red sandy clay loam with light yellowish brown mottles BeA—Besner fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 21 to 30 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish red sandy percent slopes clay loam 30 to 56 inches—very strongly acid, strong brown sandy Setting clay loam with light gray streaks Landform: Stream terraces 56 to 68 inches—very strongly acid, strong brown sandy Distinctive landscape features: None clay loam with red iron concentrations Landscape position: Toeslopes Underlying material: Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping 68 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, white loamy fine Shape of areas: Oblong sand Size of areas: 15 to 60 acres Soil Properties Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Composition Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Besner and similar soils: 90 percent Water table: More than 6 feet Contrasting soils: 10 percent Flooding: None Contrasting Soils Runoff: Medium Permeability: Moderate • Mollville soils are in depressions and are poorly Available water capacity: Moderate drained Trinity County, Texas 29

Similar Soils Minor limitations: • None • Alazan soils are in lower landscape positions and are wetter Pastureland • Hainesville soils are in slightly higher landscape Major limitations: positions and are coarser in texture • This soil is very well suited to the production of Typical Profile grasses and legumes Minor limitations: Surface layer: • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 0 to 3 inches—moderately acid, dark grayish brown fine corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer sandy loam Interpretive Groups Subsurface layer: 3 to 8 inches—moderately acid, light yellowish brown Land capability classification: 2e fine sandy loam Woodland management group: 6 8 to 29 inches—moderately acid, light yellowish brown fine sandy loam Minor limitations: • None Subsoil: 29 to 38 inches—moderately acid, yellowish brown loam with light gray streaks and yellowish brown CaA—Colita fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 iron concentrations percent slopes 38 to 44 inches—strongly acid, strong brown loam with light gray streaks and yellowish red iron Setting concentrations 44 to 52 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown loam Landform: Uplands with light gray streaks and red iron concentrations Distinctive landscape features: None 52 to 70 inches—strongly acid, yellowish red, yellowish Landscape position: Toeslopes and footslopes brown, and light brownish gray sandy clay loam Slope: Nearly level with light gray streaks Shape of areas: Irregular 70 to 80 inches—strongly acid, strong brown sandy clay Size of areas: 20 to 100 acres loam with light gray streaks Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Soil Properties Composition Depth: Very deep Colita and similar soils: 90 percent Drainage class: Well drained Contrasting soils: 10 percent Water table: Apparent at 4 to 6 feet during January and Contrasting Soils February Flooding: None • Laska soils have less clay in the subsoil and are in Runoff: Low slightly higher positions Permeability: Moderate • Rayburn soils have a clayey subsoil and are in higher Available water capacity: Moderate landscape positions Root zone: Very deep Similar Soils Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Low • Alazan soils are not underlain by soft bedrock and Water erosion hazard: Moderate have a yellower and browner subsoil Land Use • Fuller soils have higher salinity in the subsoil • Moten soils have less clay in the subsoil and have a Major land use: Woodland solum more than 60 inches deep Other land use: Pastureland Typical Profile Management Concerns Surface layer: Woodland 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown fine Major limitations: sandy loam • None 30 Soil Survey

Subsurface layer: Interpretive Groups 4 to 11 inches—strongly acid, light brownish gray fine Land capability classification: 3w sandy loam Woodland management group: 20 Subsoil: 11 to 24 inches—moderately acid, dark grayish brown fine sandy loam with light brownish gray streaks CaB—Colita fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 24 to 39 inches—moderately acid, dark grayish brown percent slopes sandy clay loam with light brownish gray streaks 39 to 43 inches—moderately acid, grayish brown sandy Setting clay loam with pale yellow shale fragments Landform: Uplands Underlying material: Distinctive landscape features: None 43 to 65 inches—neutral, pale yellow shale with texture Landscape position: Toeslopes and footslopes of clay loam Slope: Very gently sloping Soil Properties Shape of areas: Irregular Size of areas: 50 to 100 acres Depth: Deep Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Composition Water table: Perched at 0.5 foot to 2 feet during November through April Colita and similar soils: 90 percent Flooding: None Contrasting soils: 10 percent Runoff: Very low Contrasting Soils Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: Moderate • Rayburn soils have a clayey subsoil and are in higher Root zone: Deep landscape positions Natural soil fertility: Medium Similar Soils Shrink-swell potential: Low Water erosion hazard: Slight • Alazan soils are not underlain by soft bedrock and Land Use have a yellower and browner subsoil • Fuller soils have higher salinity in the subsoil Major land use: Woodland • Laska soils have less wetness and are in slightly Other land use: Pastureland higher, smooth to convex positions Management Concerns • Moten soils have less than 18 percent clay in the upper part of the subsoil and are not underlain by Woodland soft bedrock Major limitations: Typical Profile • The reduced availability of moisture during dry Surface layer: periods may cause a high rate of seedling mortality 0 to 7 inches—strongly acid, brown fine sandy loam Minor limitations: 7 to 11 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown fine sandy • The use of some types of equipment may be loam restricted when the water table is high • Low strength may limit road use by heavy equipment Subsurface layer: • The abundance of moisture may cause competition 11 to 21 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown fine for sunlight between seedlings and other plants sandy loam Pastureland Subsoil: 21 to 40 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish brown Major limitations: sandy clay loam with very pale brown streaks • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 40 to 48 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown of grasses and legumes sandy clay loam with very pale brown streaks and Minor limitations: olive gray mudstone • Wetness, poor internal drainage, and presence of salts limit production Underlying material: • Wetness interferes with establishment, maintenance, 48 to 65 inches—neutral, dark grayish brown shale with and harvesting of the forage produced texture of clay loam Trinity County, Texas 31

Soil Properties Size of areas: 50 to 100 acres Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Depth: Deep Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Composition Water table: Perched at 0.5 foot to 2 feet during Colita and similar soils: 45 percent November through April Laska and similar soils: 35 percent Flooding: None Contrasting soils: 20 percent Runoff: Very low Permeability: Moderate Contrasting Soils Available water capacity: Moderate • Rayburn soils have a clayey subsoil and have higher Root zone: Deep shrink-swell potential Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Low Similar Soils Water erosion hazard: Slight • Alazan soils are not underlain by soft bedrock and Land Use have a yellower and browner subsoil • Fuller soils have higher salinity in the subsoil Major land use: Woodland • Keltys soils have sand strippings penetrating the Other land use: Pastureland subsoil and have a solum that is 40 to 60 inches Management Concerns deep • Moten soils have less than 18 percent clay in the Woodland upper part of the subsoil and are not underlain by Major limitations: soft bedrock • None Typical Profile Minor limitations: • The use of some types of equipment may be Colita restricted when the water table is high Surface layer: • Road-ditch erosion may be a problem due to slope 0 to 4 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish brown • The abundance of moisture may cause competition fine sandy loam for sunlight between seedlings and other plants 4 to 11 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown fine Pastureland sandy loam Major limitations: Subsurface layer: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 11 to 28 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray of grasses and legumes fine sandy loam Minor limitations: Subsoil: • Wetness, poor internal drainage, and presence of 28 to 37 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish brown salts limit production loam with grayish brown streaks • Wetness interferes with establishment, maintenance, 37 to 43 inches—very strongly acid, dark gray silty clay and harvesting of the forage produced loam with olive yellow siltstone and light brownish Interpretive Groups gray streaks Land capability classification: 3w Underlying material: Woodland management group: 20 43 to 65 inches—slightly alkaline, pale yellow siltstone with yellowish brown mottles ClA—Colita-Laska complex, 0 to 2 Laska percent slopes Surface layer: 0 to 4 inches—very strongly acid, dark brown fine sandy Setting loam Landform: Uplands and stream terraces Subsurface layer: Distinctive landscape features: Mounds 4 to 28 inches—very strongly acid, brown fine sandy Landscape position: Toeslopes loam Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping 28 to 37 inches—very strongly acid, pale brown fine Shape of areas: Irregular sandy loam 32 Soil Survey

Subsoil: CoB—Corrigan loam, 1 to 5 percent 37 to 43 inches—very strongly acid, pale brown and slopes brown fine sandy loam 43 to 50 inches—very strongly acid, brown fine sandy Setting loam with pale brown streaks 50 to 56 inches—very strongly acid, dark brown sandy Landform: Uplands clay loam with pale yellow streaks Distinctive landscape features: None Landscape position: Stream divides Underlying material: Slope: Gently sloping 56 to 65 inches—very strongly acid, pale yellow Shape of areas: Oblong siltstone with yellow streaks Size of areas: 30 to 150 acres Soil Properties Native vegetation: Pine forest Depth: Colita—deep; Laska—very deep Composition Drainage class: Colita—somewhat poorly drained; Corrigan and similar soils: 90 percent Laska—moderately well drained Contrasting soils: 10 percent Water table: Colita—perched at 0.5 foot to 2 feet during November through April; Laska—apparent at Contrasting Soils 1.5 to 3 feet during December through April • Kitterll soils are loamy and have a solum less than 20 Flooding: None inches thick Runoff: Colita—low; Laska—very low • Laska soils have less than 18 percent clay in the Permeability: Colita—moderate; Laska—moderately upper part of the subsoil and are in slightly higher rapid landscape positions Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Deep Similar Soils Natural soil fertility: Medium • Browndell soils have a solum less than 20 inches Shrink-swell potential: Low thick Water erosion hazard: Severe • Colita soils have less than 35 percent clay in the Land Use upper part of the solum and are in slightly lower landscape positions Major land use: Woodland • Rayburn soils have a red upper subsoil and are in Other land use: Pastureland slightly higher landscape positions Management Concerns Typical Profile Woodland Surface layer: Major limitations: 0 to 4 inches—moderately acid, dark grayish brown • The droughty nature of these soils may cause a high loam rate of seedling mortality Subsoil: Minor limitations: 4 to 10 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish brown • Road-ditch erosion may be a problem due to slope clay with yellowish brown iron concentrations Pastureland 10 to 24 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown clay with yellowish brown iron concentrations Major limitations: 24 to 38 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish brown • Slightly wet conditions during the winter and early clay spring may interfere with harvesting hay, the grazing rotation, or the use of equipment Underlying material: Minor limitations: 38 to 50 inches—very strongly acid, light yellowish • These soils are moderately well suited to the brown siltstone with a texture of silty clay production of grasses and legumes Soil Properties Interpretive Groups Depth: Moderately deep Land capability classification: Colita—3w; Laska—2w Drainage class: Moderately well drained Woodland management group: Colita—20; Laska—14 Water table: Seasonal; perched at 0.5 to 1 foot during December through March Trinity County, Texas 33

Flooding: None Composition Runoff: Low Corrigan and similar soils: 90 percent Permeability: Very slow Contrasting soils: 10 percent Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Moderately deep Contrasting Soils Natural soil fertility: Medium • Moswell soils have a red clayey subsoil and a solum Shrink-swell potential: High depth of 40 to 60 inches Water erosion hazard: Slight • Rosenwall soils have a red clayey subsoil and are Land Use more acid in the lower part Major land use: Forestland Similar Soils Other land use: Pastureland • Kellison soils have a solum depth of 40 to 60 inches Management Concerns and are on the Yegua, Caddell, and Manning Formations Woodland Typical Profile Major limitations: • None Surface layer: Minor limitations: 0 to 3 inches—moderately acid, very dark grayish • The abundance of moisture may cause competition brown loam for sunlight between seedlings and other plants Subsurface layer: • Low soil strength may limit equipment use when this 3 to 13 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish brown soil is wet loam • Poor drainage may cause moderate pine seedling mortality Subsoil: 13 to 16 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish brown Pastureland clay with strong brown iron concentrations Major limitations: 16 to 21 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown clay • This soil is moderately well suited to the production with yellowish brown iron concentrations of grasses and legumes 21 to 36 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown clay Minor limitations: with white shale fragments • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey subsoil, Underlying material: which limits water intake and storage for plant 36 to 55 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown and production light brownish gray shale • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Soil Properties Interpretive Groups Depth: Moderately deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained Land capability classification: 4e Water table: Seasonal; perched at 0.5 to 1 foot during Woodland management group: 11 December through March Flooding: None CoD—Corrigan loam, 5 to 12 percent Runoff: Low slopes Permeability: Very slow Available water capacity: Moderate Setting Root zone: Moderately deep Natural soil fertility: Medium Landform: Uplands Shrink-swell potential: High Distinctive landscape features: None Water erosion hazard: Moderate Landscape position: Side slopes Land Use Slope: Strongly sloping Shape of areas: Long and narrow Major land uses: Pastureland and woodland Size of areas: 20 to 50 acres Other land use: Cropland Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest 34 Soil Survey

Management Concerns Subsoil: 22 to 33 inches—slightly acid, dark gray clay with red Woodland iron concentrations and very dark gray organic Major limitations: concentrations • None 33 to 40 inches—neutral, gray clay with strong brown Minor limitations: iron concentrations • None 40 to 56 inches—moderately alkaline, dark grayish brown clay with light yellowish brown iron Pastureland concentrations Major limitations: 56 to 80 inches—moderately alkaline, dark yellowish • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses brown clay with light gray iron depletions and legumes Soil Properties Minor limitations: • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily Depth: Very deep corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Drainage class: Moderately well drained Interpretive Groups Water table: More than 6 feet Flooding: None Land capability classification: 4e Runoff: Medium Woodland management group: 11 Permeability: Very slow Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Very deep EaA—Eastham clay, 0 to 2 percent Natural soil fertility: High slopes Shrink-swell potential: High Water erosion hazard: Moderate Setting Land Use Landform: Stream terraces Major land use: Cropland Distinctive landscape features: Gilgai Other land use: Pastureland Landscape position: Toeslopes Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping Management Concerns Shape of areas: Oval to elongated Woodland Size of areas: 25 to 150 acres Native vegetation: Savannah Major limitations: Composition • None Minor limitations: Eastham and similar soils: 85 percent • Low soil strength may limit equipment use when this Contrasting soils: 15 percent soil is wet Contrasting Soils Pastureland • Austonio and Sawtown soils are loamy throughout Major limitations: and are in slightly higher landscape positions • This soil is moderately well suited to the production • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout and are in of grasses and legumes slightly higher landscape positions Minor limitations: Similar Soils • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for plant • Garner soils are in similar or slightly lower positions production and are lighter gray within 12 inches of the soil • Inadequate fertility is easily corrected with additions surface of fertilizer Typical Profile Interpretive Groups Surface layer: Land capability classification: 2e 0 to 15 inches—neutral, very dark gray clay Woodland management group: 18 15 to 22 inches—slightly acid, very dark gray clay with dark gray iron depletions and strong brown iron concentrations Trinity County, Texas 35

EaB—Eastham clay, 2 to 5 percent Land Use slopes Major land use: Pastureland Other land uses: Woodland and cropland Setting Management Concerns Landform: Stream terraces Woodland Distinctive landscape features: Gilgai Landscape position: Footslopes Major limitations: Slope: Gently sloping • The reduced availability of moisture during dry Shape of areas: Long and narrow periods, the difficulty in achieving proper rooting Size of areas: 10 to 50 acres depth, and soil compaction during tree planting Native vegetation: Savannah may cause a high rate of seedling mortality Minor limitations: Composition • Low soil strength may limit equipment use when this Eastham and similar soils: 85 percent soil is wet Contrasting soils: 15 percent Pastureland Contrasting Soils Major limitations: • Austonio and Sawtown soils are loamy throughout • This soil is moderately well suited to the production and are in slightly higher landscape positions of grasses and legumes • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout and are in Minor limitations: slightly higher landscape positions • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for plant Similar Soils production • Garner soils are in similar or slightly lower positions • Inadequate fertility is easily corrected with additions and are lighter gray within 12 inches of the soil of fertilizer surface Interpretive Groups Typical Profile Land capability classification: 3e Surface layer: Woodland management group: 18 0 to 5 inches—moderately alkaline, very dark gray clay 5 to 14 inches—moderately alkaline, very dark gray clay with light olive brown iron concentrations EtB—Etoile loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes

Subsoil: Setting 14 to 21 inches—moderately alkaline, light olive brown silty clay with very dark gray organic concentrations Landform: Uplands 21 to 47 inches—moderately alkaline, yellowish brown Distinctive landscape features: None silty clay with light brownish gray iron depletions Landscape position: Stream divides 47 to 80 inches—moderately alkaline, yellowish brown Slope: Very gently sloping silty clay with light gray and light brownish gray Shape of areas: Broad and oval iron depletions Size of areas: 20 to 150 acres Soil Properties Native vegetation: Hardwood-pine forest Composition Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained Etoile and similar soils: 90 percent Water table: More than 6 feet Contrasting soils: 10 percent Flooding: None Contrasting Soils Runoff: High Permeability: Very slow • Penning soils are loamy throughout and are in slightly Available water capacity: Moderate lower landscape positions Root zone: Very deep Similar Soils Natural soil fertility: High Shrink-swell potential: High • Kellison and Rayburn soils are more acid in the upper Water erosion hazard: Moderate subsoil and are less alkaline in the lower subsoil 36 Soil Survey

• Moswell soils have more than 60 percent clay in the Minor limitations: subsoil and are more acid • The use of some types of equipment may be restricted during wet seasons Typical Profile Pastureland Surface layer: 0 to 4 inches—moderately acid, dark brown loam Major limitations: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production Subsurface layer: of grasses and legumes 4 to 7 inches—moderately acid, yellowish brown loam Minor limitations: Subsoil: • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey subsoil, 7 to 15 inches—strongly acid, red clay with brownish which limits water intake and storage for plant yellow iron concentrations and gray iron depletions production 15 to 32 inches—strongly acid, red, yellowish brown, • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily brownish yellow, and gray clay corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer 32 to 38 inches—moderately acid, gray clay with Interpretive Groups yellowish brown and red mottles and iron concentrations and light gray iron depletions Land capability classification: 4e 38 to 54 inches—neutral, gray, light gray and light olive Woodland management group: 12 brown clay 54 to 58 inches—slightly alkaline, gray, light olive brown, and yellowish brown clay FuA—Fuller fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes Underlying material: 58 to 66 inches—slightly alkaline, light olive brown, Setting olive brown, gray, and yellowish brown shale with texture of clay Landform: Uplands 66 to 72 inches—slightly alkaline, brownish yellow, Distinctive landscape features: None white, gray, and light olive brown shale with texture Landscape position: Toeslopes and footslopes of clay Slope: Nearly level 72 to 80 inches—moderately alkaline, light olive gray Shape of areas: Irregular shale with texture of clay with brownish yellow iron Size of areas: 20 to 100 acres concentrations Native vegetation: Pine forest Soil Properties Composition Depth: Deep Fuller and similar soils: 90 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Contrasting soils: 10 percent Water table: More than 6 feet Contrasting Soils Flooding: None Runoff: Medium • Herty soils have a clayey subsoil and are in similar to Permeability: Very slow slightly higher positions Available water capacity: Moderate Similar Soils Root zone: Deep Natural soil fertility: Medium • Colita soils do not have saline layers Shrink-swell potential: High • Keltys soils have less than 18 percent clay in the Water erosion hazard: Slight upper part of the solum and are in slightly higher Land Use landscape positions • Moten soils have less than 18 percent clay in the Major land use: Woodland upper part of the solum and do not have soft Other land use: Pastureland bedrock within 60 inches Management Concerns Typical Profile Woodland Surface layer: Major limitations: 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown fine • None sandy loam Trinity County, Texas 37

Subsurface layer: • Wetness interferes with establishment, maintenance, 4 to 13 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown fine sandy and harvesting of the forage produced loam Interpretive Groups 13 to 26 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown fine sandy loam with dark grayish brown mottles Land capability classification: 3w Woodland management group: 17 Subsoil: 26 to 36 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown loam with yellowish brown iron concentrations and FuB—Fuller fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 light gray streaks percent slopes 36 to 44 inches—strongly acid, dark gray loam with yellowish brown iron concentrations and light gray Setting streaks Landform: Uplands Underlying material: Distinctive landscape features: None 44 to 66 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray Landscape position: Toeslopes and footslopes sandstone with olive yellow iron concentrations Slope: Very gently sloping Soil Properties Shape of areas: Irregular Size of areas: 50 to 100 acres Depth: Deep Native vegetation: Pine forest Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Water table: Perched at 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet during Composition January through April Fuller and similar soils: 90 percent Flooding: None Contrasting soils: 10 percent Runoff: Low Permeability: Very slow Contrasting Soils Available water capacity: Moderate • Herty soils have a clayey subsoil and are in similar to Root zone: Deep slightly higher positions Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: High Similar Soils Water erosion hazard: Slight • Colita soils do not have saline layers Land Use • Keltys soils have less than 18 percent clay in the upper part of the subsoil and are in slightly higher Major land use: Woodland landscape positions Other land use: Pastureland • Moten soils have less than 18 percent clay in the Management Concerns upper part of the subsoil and are not underlain by soft bedrock Woodland Typical Profile Major limitations: Surface layer: • The reduced availability of moisture during dry 0 to 7 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown fine periods may cause a high rate of seedling mortality sandy loam Minor limitations: • The use of some types of equipment may be Subsurface layer: restricted when the water table is high 7 to 27 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray • Low strength may limit road use by heavy equipment fine sandy loam • The abundance of moisture may cause competition Subsoil: for sunlight between seedlings and other plants 27 to 35 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown loam Pastureland with light gray streaks and pockets 35 to 45 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown loam Major limitations: with light gray streaks and yellowish brown iron • This soil is moderately well suited to the production concentrations of grasses and legumes Minor limitations: Underlying material: • Wetness, poor internal drainage, and presence of 45 to 65 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray salts limit production mudstone 38 Soil Survey

Soil Properties Minor limitations: • The use of some types of equipment may be Depth: Deep restricted when the water table is high Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained • Road-ditch erosion may be a problem due to slope Water table: Perched at 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet during • The abundance of moisture may cause competition January through April for sunlight between seedlings and other plants Flooding: None Runoff: Low Pastureland Permeability: Very slow Major limitations: Available water capacity: Moderate • This soil is moderately well suited to the production Root zone: Deep of grasses and legumes (fig. 6) Natural soil fertility: Medium Minor limitations: Shrink-swell potential: High • Wetness, poor internal drainage, and presence of Water erosion hazard: Slight salts limit production Land Use • Wetness interferes with establishment, maintenance, and harvesting of the forage produced Major land use: Woodland Other land use: Pastureland Interpretive Groups Management Concerns Land capability classification: 3e Woodland management group: 17 Woodland Major limitations: • None

Figure 6.—A cover crop of oats in an area of Fuller fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. Trinity County, Texas 39

GaA—Garner clay, 0 to 1 percent Root zone: Very deep slopes Natural soil fertility: High Shrink-swell potential: High Setting Water erosion hazard: Slight Land Use Landform: Stream terraces Distinctive landscape features: Gilgai Major land use: Pastureland Landscape position: Toeslopes Other land use: Woodland Slope: Nearly level Management Concerns Shape of areas: Broad and irregular Size of areas: 25 to 150 acres Woodland Native vegetation: Savannah Major limitations: Composition • Abundant moisture causes competition for sunlight and space from invading plants to severely reduce Garner and similar soils: 90 percent the success of regeneration efforts Contrasting soils: 10 percent Minor limitations: Contrasting Soils • Low soil strength may limit equipment use when this soil is wet • Austonio soils are loamy throughout and are in • Poor drainage may cause moderate pine seedling slightly higher landscape positions mortality Similar Soils Pastureland • Corrigan soils have a solum less than 60 inches thick Major limitations: • Eastham soils have a dark surface and are in slightly • This soil is moderately well suited to the production higher landscape positions of grasses and legumes Typical Profile Minor limitations: • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey subsoil, Surface layer: which limits water intake and storage for plant 0 to 3 inches—strongly acid, dark gray clay with dark production brown and yellowish brown iron concentrations • Inadequate fertility is easily corrected with additions Subsoil: of fertilizer 3 to 11 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown clay Interpretive Groups with brownish yellow iron concentrations and light brownish gray iron depletions Land capability classification: 3w 11 to 21 inches—moderately acid, light brownish gray Woodland management group: 13 clay with brownish yellow iron concentrations 21 to 33 inches—moderately acid, light gray clay with yellowish brown iron concentrations GwA—Gladewater clay, 0 to 1 percent 33 to 40 inches—moderately acid, light brownish gray slopes, frequently flooded clay with yellowish brown iron concentrations 40 to 51 inches—moderately acid, gray clay with Setting yellowish brown iron concentrations 51 to 80 inches—moderately acid, dark grayish brown Landform: Flood plains clay with yellow iron concentrations Distinctive landscape features: None Soil Properties Landscape position: Bottomlands Slope: Nearly level Depth: Very deep Shape of areas: Broad and irregular Drainage class: Moderately well drained Size of areas: 100 to 200 acres Water table: More than 6 feet Native vegetation: Savannah Flooding: None Composition Runoff: Low Permeability: Very slow Gladewater and similar soils: 85 percent Available water capacity: Moderate Contrasting soils: 15 percent 40 Soil Survey

Contrasting Soils • Abundant moisture causes competition for sunlight and space from invading plants to severely reduce • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout and are in the success of regeneration efforts slightly higher landscape positions Minor limitations: • Other soils that have a dark surface, are loamy • The use of some types of equipment may be throughout, and are in slightly higher landscape restricted during wet seasons or when flooding positions occurs Similar Soils Pastureland • Eastham soils have a dark surface more than 12 Major limitations: inches thick and are on terraces • This soil is moderately well suited to the production • Other soils that have a dark loamy surface more than of grasses and legumes 12 inches thick and are in similar landscape Minor limitations: positions • Flooding and slight wetness in some years may Typical Profile interfere with establishment, maintenance, and harvesting of the forage produced Surface layer: 0 to 11 inches—slightly acid, very dark grayish brown Interpretive Groups clay with dark brown root stains Land capability classification: 5w Subsoil: Woodland management group: 9 11 to 25 inches—moderately acid, dark gray clay with yellowish red iron concentrations 25 to 48 inches—slightly acid, dark gray clay with HaA—Hainesville loamy fine sand, yellowish red and yellowish brown iron 0 to 2 percent slopes concentrations 48 to 64 inches—slightly acid, dark gray clay with Setting brown iron concentrations Landform: Stream terraces 64 to 80 inches—neutral, dark grayish brown clay Distinctive landscape features: None Soil Properties Landscape position: Toeslopes Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping Depth: Very deep Shape of areas: Irregular and narrow Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Size of areas: 30 to 50 acres Water table: Apparent at 1.5 to 3.5 feet during Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest November through May Flooding: Frequent; very long duration Composition Runoff: Low Hainesville and similar soils: 85 percent Permeability: Very slow Contrasting soils: 15 percent Available water capacity: High Root zone: Very deep Contrasting Soils Natural soil fertility: High • Alazan soils have more than 18 percent clay in the Shrink-swell potential: Very high upper part of the subsoil Water erosion hazard: Slight • Austonio soils are in slightly higher landscape Land Use positions and have more than 18 percent clay in the upper part of the subsoil Major land use: Pastureland Other land use: Woodland Similar Soils Management Concerns • Besner soils have a more developed subsoil Woodland Typical Profile Major limitations: Surface layer: • The reduced availability of moisture during dry 0 to 3 inches—strongly acid, dark brown loamy fine periods, the difficulty in achieving proper rooting sand depth, and soil compaction during tree planting 3 to 7 inches—strongly acid, dark yellowish brown may cause a high rate of seedling mortality loamy fine sand Trinity County, Texas 41

Subsoil: HeA—Herty loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 7 to 33 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown loamy fine sand Setting 33 to 38 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown loamy fine sand with yellowish brown pockets of Landform: Uplands fine sand Distinctive landscape features: None 38 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown Landscape position: Toeslopes loamy fine sand with thin dark brown lamellae Slope: Nearly level Shape of areas: Oblong Soil Properties Size of areas: 45 to 50 acres Depth: Very deep Native vegetation: Pine forest Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Composition Water table: More than 6 feet Flooding: None Herty and similar soils: 90 percent Runoff: Very low Contrasting soils: 10 percent Permeability: Rapid Contrasting Soils Available water capacity: Low Root zone: Very deep • Keltys soils have less than 18 percent clay in the Natural soil fertility: Low upper part of the subsoil and are in higher Shrink-swell potential: Low landscape positions Water erosion hazard: Severe • Kurth soils have less than 35 percent clay in the Land Use upper part of the subsoil and are in higher landscape positions Major land use: Woodland Other land use: Pastureland Similar Soils Management Concerns • Fuller and Penning soils are loamy throughout and Woodland are in slightly lower landscape positions • Moswell soils have a redder subsoil Major limitations: • None Typical Profile Minor limitations: Surface layer: • The sandy surface may interfere with equipment use 0 to 5 inches—strongly acid, brown loam during dry periods • The low available water capacity of this soil may Subsurface layer: cause moderate seedling mortality 5 to 8 inches—strongly acid, pale brown loam Pastureland Subsoil: 8 to 13 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown clay Major limitations: 13 to 18 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown clay • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 18 to 28 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish of grasses and legumes brown clay Minor limitations: 28 to 39 inches—very strongly acid, dark brown clay • Production is limited due to the thick, sandy surface 39 to 47 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish layer allowing rapid movement of water and brown clay with light yellowish brown iron nutrients through the root zone, resulting in low concentrations inherent soil fertility and limited water storage for plant production Underlying material: • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 47 to 61 inches—very strongly acid, very pale brown corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer mudstone with very dark grayish brown mottles Interpretive Groups 61 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, light yellowish brown mudstone with texture of clay with yellowish Land capability classification: 3s brown mottles Woodland management group: 8 42 Soil Survey

Soil Properties Slope: Very gently sloping Shape of areas: Oblong Depth: Deep Size of areas: 45 to 50 acres Drainage class: Moderately well drained Native vegetation: Pine forest Water table: Perched at 0.5 to 1 foot during January through April Composition Flooding: None Herty and similar soils: 90 percent Runoff: Low Contrasting soils: 10 percent Permeability: Very slow Available water capacity: Moderate Contrasting Soils Root zone: Deep • Keltys soils have less than 18 percent clay in the Natural soil fertility: Medium upper part of the subsoil and are in higher Shrink-swell potential: High landscape positions Water erosion hazard: Slight • Kurth soils have less than 35 percent clay in the Land Use upper part of the subsoil and are in higher landscape positions Major land use: Woodland Other land use: Pastureland Similar Soils Management Concerns • Fuller and Penning soils are loamy throughout and are in slightly lower landscape positions Woodland • Moswell soils have a redder subsoil Major limitations: Typical Profile • None Minor limitations: Surface layer: • Poor drainage may cause moderate pine seedling 0 to 3 inches—very strongly acid, dark brown loam mortality 3 to 8 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown loam • Low strength may limit road use by heavy equipment Subsoil: • Low soil strength may limit equipment use when this 8 to 23 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish brown soil is wet clay • The abundance of moisture may cause competition 23 to 48 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown clay for sunlight between seedlings and other plants with light brownish gray clay depletions Pastureland Underlying material: Major limitations: 48 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, brown shale with • This soil is moderately well suited to the production texture of clay of grasses and legumes Soil Properties Minor limitations: • Production is decreased slightly due to the clayey Depth: Deep subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for Drainage class: Moderately well drained plant production Water table: Perched at 0.5 to 1 foot during January • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily through April corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Flooding: None Interpretive Groups Runoff: Low to high Permeability: Very slow Land capability classification: 3w Available water capacity: Moderate Woodland management group: 12 Root zone: Deep Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: High HeB—Herty loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes Water erosion hazard: Slight

Setting Land Use Landform: Uplands Major land use: Woodland Distinctive landscape features: None Other land use: Pastureland Landscape position: Toeslopes Trinity County, Texas 43

Management Concerns Typical Profile Woodland Surface layer: 0 to 3 inches—moderately acid, very dark grayish Major limitations: brown loam • None Minor limitations: Subsoil: • Low strength may limit road use by heavy equipment 3 to 12 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish brown • Low soil strength may limit off-road equipment use clay when this soil is wet 12 to 28 inches—very strongly acid, brown clay 28 to 40 inches—very strongly acid, brown clay with Pastureland pale yellow fragments of weathered shale Major limitations: Underlying material: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 40 to 50 inches—very strongly acid, pale yellow layered of grasses and legumes shale with texture of clay Minor limitations: • Production is decreased slightly due to the clayey Soil Properties subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for Depth: Deep plant production Drainage class: Well drained • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily Water table: More than 6 feet corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Flooding: None Interpretive Groups Runoff: High Permeability: Very slow Land capability classification: 3e Available water capacity: Moderate Woodland management group: 12 Root zone: Deep Natural soil fertility: Medium KcD—Kellison loam, 5 to 15 percent Shrink-swell potential: High slopes Water erosion hazard: Moderate Land Use Setting Major land use: Woodland Landform: Uplands Other land use: Pastureland Distinctive landscape features: None Management Concerns Landscape position: Side slopes Woodland Slope: Moderately sloping to moderately steep Shape of areas: Long and narrow Major limitations: Size of areas: 30 to 65 acres • Steepness of slope may cause severe road-surface Native vegetation: Pine forest or road-ditch erosion Composition Minor limitations: • Slope may restrict the use of some types of Kellison and similar soils: 85 percent equipment during management operations Contrasting soils: 15 percent Pastureland Contrasting Soils Major limitations: • Keltys and Kurth soils are loamy and are slightly • This soil is moderately well suited to the production higher on the slope of grasses and legumes • Lovelady soils have a sandy surface at least 20 inches Minor limitations: thick and are slightly higher on the slope • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey subsoil, Similar Soils which limits water intake and storage for plant production • Moswell soils have a redder subsoil • On steeper slopes, water runoff is higher and less • Rayburn soils have soft bedrock at a depth of 40 to water enters the root zone for plant production 60 inches • Steeper slopes also increase the hazard of excessive erosion during pasture establishment or renovation and in pastures that are overgrazed 44 Soil Survey

Interpretive Groups Soil Properties Land capability classification: 6e Depth: Deep Woodland management group: 12 Drainage class: Moderately well drained Water table: Perched at 2.5 to 3.5 feet during January through April KeB—Keltys fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 Flooding: None percent slopes Runoff: Low to high Permeability: Slow Setting Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Deep Landform: Uplands Natural soil fertility: Medium Distinctive landscape features: None Shrink-swell potential: Low Landscape position: Stream divides Water erosion hazard: Moderate Slope: Very gently sloping Shape of areas: Oblong Land Use Size of areas: 25 to 75 acres Major land use: Woodland Native vegetation: Pine forest Other land use: Pastureland Composition Management Concerns Keltys and similar soils: 85 percent Woodland Contrasting soils: 15 percent Major limitations: Contrasting Soils • None • Herty and Moswell soils have a clayey subsoil and are Minor limitations: in slightly lower landscape positions • None Similar Soils Pastureland • Kurth soils have more than 18 percent clay in the Major limitations: upper part of the subsoil • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses • Multey soils have a solum more than 60 inches thick and legumes Typical Profile Minor limitations: • Moderate capacity to store water slightly lowers Surface layer: potential forage production 0 to 6 inches—strongly acid, dark brown fine sandy • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily loam corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Subsurface layer: Interpretive Groups 6 to 14 inches—strongly acid, pale brown fine sandy Land capability classification: 2e loam Woodland management group: 6 Subsoil: 14 to 36 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow loam with streaks of light brownish gray fine sandy KeD—Keltys fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 loam percent slopes 36 to 56 inches—very strongly acid, pale brown sandy loam with brownish pockets of loam and reddish Setting yellow iron concentrations Landform: Uplands Underlying material: Distinctive landscape features: None 56 to 62 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray Landscape position: Side slopes mudstone with texture of clay loam with light Slope: Moderately sloping yellowish brown iron concentrations Shape of areas: Long and narrow 62 to 86 inches—very strongly acid, light gray mudstone Size of areas: 15 to 25 acres with texture of clay loam with brownish yellow Native vegetation: Pine forest mottles Trinity County, Texas 45

Composition Management Concerns Keltys and similar soils: 85 percent Woodland Contrasting soils: 15 percent Major limitations: Contrasting Soils • None Minor limitations: • Kellison and Moswell soils have a clayey subsoil and • None are in slightly lower landscape positions Similar Soils Pastureland Major limitations: • Kurth soils have more than 18 percent clay in the • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses upper part of the subsoil and legumes Typical Profile Minor limitations: • Moderate capacity to store water slightly lowers Surface layer: potential forage production 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, dark brown fine sandy • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily loam corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer 4 to 8 inches—strongly acid, brown fine sandy loam Interpretive Groups Subsurface layer: 8 to 17 inches—strongly acid, brown fine sandy loam Land capability classification: 4e with very pale brown mottles Woodland management group: 6 Subsoil: 17 to 28 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow KiB—Kitterll fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 fine sandy loam with dark grayish brown and percent slopes grayish brown mottles and pale brown streaks 28 to 53 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown fine Setting sandy loam with yellowish brown, yellowish red, red, and brownish yellow mottles and pale brown Landform: Uplands streaks Distinctive landscape features: None Landscape position: Convex ridges Underlying material: Slope: Gently sloping 53 to 80 inches—moderately acid, light yellowish brown Shape of areas: Round and light gray mudstone with texture of clay loam Size of areas: 10 to 35 acres Soil Properties Native vegetation: Pine trees Depth: Deep Composition Drainage class: Moderately well drained Kitterll and similar soils: 90 percent Water table: Perched at 2.5 to 3.5 feet during January Contrasting soils: 10 percent through April Flooding: None Contrasting Soils Runoff: High • Colita and Laska soils have a solum more than 20 Permeability: Slow inches thick Available water capacity: Moderate • Rayburn soils have a solum more than 20 inches thick Root zone: Deep and are clayey throughout the subsoil Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Low Similar Soils Water erosion hazard: Moderate • Browndell soils are clayey throughout the subsoil Land Use Typical Profile Major land use: Woodland Surface layer: Other land use: Pastureland 0 to 3 inches—moderately acid, grayish brown fine sandy loam 3 to 15 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown fine sandy loam 46 Soil Survey

Underlying material: Landscape position: Side slopes 15 to 26 inches—strongly acid, light yellowish brown Slope: Moderately sloping to moderately steep sandstone with very dark grayish brown coatings Shape of areas: Narrow and long Size of areas: 25 to 60 acres Soil Properties Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Depth: Very shallow Composition Drainage class: Well drained Water table: More than 6 feet Kitterll and similar soils: 40 percent Flooding: None Browndell and similar soils: 35 percent Runoff: Very high Contrasting soils: 25 percent Permeability: Moderate Contrasting Soils Available water capacity: Very low Root zone: Very shallow • Laska soils are in lower positions and have a solum Natural soil fertility: Low more than 40 inches thick Shrink-swell potential: Low • Letney soils are on nearby broad ridges, have a Water erosion hazard: Severe thicker solum, and have a sandy surface and Land Use subsurface more than 20 inches thick Similar Soils Major land use: Woodland Other land use: Pastureland • Corrigan soils have a solum more than 20 inches Management Concerns thick • Kisatchie and Rayburn soils are in slightly higher Woodland convex positions and have a thicker solum Major limitations: Typical Profile • Shallow root depth is poor for commercial tree production Kitterll • Tree harvest rotation on these soils should coincide Surface layer: with cessation of growth 0 to 6 inches—moderately acid, brown fine sandy loam Minor limitations: 6 to 12 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown fine sandy • None loam Pastureland Underlying material: Major limitations: 12 to 15 inches—light yellowish brown sandstone • This soil should be carefully protected from erosion Browndell because of the shallowness • Proper stocking, pasture rotation, timely deferment of Surface layer: grazing, and restricted use during wet periods help 0 to 3 inches—moderately acid, very dark brown fine to keep the soil in good condition sandy loam Minor limitations: Subsurface layer: • Overgrazing or grazing when the soil is too wet 3 to 6 inches—moderately acid, brown fine sandy loam causes surface compaction and poor soil tilth and increases runoff Subsoil: Interpretive Groups 6 to 16 inches—very strongly acid, brown clay with yellow iron concentrations Land capability classification: 7s Underlying material: Woodland management group: 19 16 to 24 inches—very strongly acid, light yellowish brown sandstone with grayish brown material in KiD—Kitterll-Browndell complex, fractures 5 to 15 percent slopes Soil Properties

Setting Depth: Kitterll—very shallow; Browndell—shallow Drainage class: Kitterll—well drained; Landform: Uplands Browndell—somewhat poorly drained Distinctive landscape features: None Trinity County, Texas 47

Water table: Kitterll—more than 6 feet; Browndell—0.5 Composition foot to 1.5 feet during January through March Koury and similar soils: 90 percent Flooding: None Contrasting soils: 10 percent Runoff: Medium to high Permeability: Kitterll—moderate; Browndell—very slow Contrasting Soils Available water capacity: Moderate • Ozias soils are clayey throughout Root zone: Shallow Natural soil fertility: Medium Similar Soils Shrink-swell potential: Kitterll—low; Browndell—high • Pophers soils have more than 18 percent clay in the Water erosion hazard: Slight upper part of the subsoil and are dominated by Land Use grayish colors in the upper 20 inches Major land use: Woodland Typical Profile Other land use: Pastureland Surface layer: Management Concerns 0 to 7 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown silt loam Woodland Subsoil: Major limitations: 7 to 21 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown loam • The clayey nature of these soils and the difficulty of 21 to 32 inches—very strongly acid, brown loam with proper rooting during tree planting may cause dark brown iron concentrations severe seedling mortality 32 to 46 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish brown Minor limitations: silt loam with light brownish gray iron depletions • Soil slope may cause a moderate rate of erosion 46 to 54 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown silt following harvesting or other mechanical loam with dark brown iron concentrations and light disturbance gray iron depletions Pastureland 54 to 84 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish brown loam with brown and brownish yellow iron Major limitations: concentrations • Increased slope also increases the hazard of excessive erosion during pasture establishment or Soil Properties renovation and in pastures that are overgrazed Depth: Very deep • Production is decreased as slopes increase above 10 Drainage class: Moderately well drained percent Water table: Apparent at 2.5 to 3.5 feet during January Interpretive Groups through May Flooding: Frequent Land capability classification: Kitterll—7s; Runoff: Low Browndell—6e Permeability: Moderately slow Woodland management group: 19 Available water capacity: High Root zone: Very deep Kp—Koury silt loam, 0 to 1 percent Natural soil fertility: Medium slopes, frequently flooded Shrink-swell potential: Low Water erosion hazard: Slight Setting Land Use Landform: Flood plains Major land use: Woodland Distinctive landscape features: None Other land use: Pastureland Landscape position: Bottomlands Slope: Nearly level Management Concerns Shape of areas: Long and narrow Woodland Size of areas: 25 to 75 acres Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Major limitations: • None 48 Soil Survey

Minor limitations: Subsurface layer: • The use of some types of equipment may be 7 to 17 inches—strongly acid, pale brown fine sandy restricted when the water table is high or flooding loam occurs Subsoil: • The abundance of moisture may cause competition 17 to 37 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown sandy for sunlight between seedlings and other plants clay loam with brownish yellow iron concentrations Pastureland and pale brown streaks of loamy fine sand 30 to 37 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown sandy Major limitations: clay loam with red iron concentrations and light • This soil is very well suited to the production of brownish gray streaks of fine sandy loam grasses and legumes 37 to 57 inches—very strongly acid, light gray clay loam Minor limitations: with red and brownish yellow iron concentrations • Flooding and slight wetness in some years may interfere with establishment, maintenance, and Underlying material: harvesting of the forage produced 57 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, reddish yellow stratified sandstone and mudstone with texture of Interpretive Groups sandy clay loam Land capability classification: 5w Soil Properties Woodland management group: 3 Depth: Deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained KuB—Kurth fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 Water table: Perched at 2.5 to 3.5 feet during percent slopes December through April Flooding: None Setting Runoff: Low to medium Permeability: Slow Landform: Uplands Available water capacity: Moderate Distinctive landscape features: None Root zone: Very deep Landscape position: Stream divides Natural soil fertility: Medium Slope: Very gently sloping Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Shape of areas: Oblong to irregular Water erosion hazard: Moderate Size of areas: 30 to 85 acres Native vegetation: Pine forest Land Use Composition Major land use: Woodland Other land use: Pastureland Kurth and similar soils: 85 percent Contrasting soils: 15 percent Management Concerns Contrasting Soils Woodland • Herty and Moswell soils have a clayey subsoil within Major limitations: 12 inches of the surface and are in slightly lower • None landscape positions Minor limitations: Similar Soils • None Pastureland • Keltys soils have less than 18 percent clay in the upper part of the subsoil Major limitations: • Penning soils have a water table within 40 inches of • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses the soil surface and legumes • Sawlit soils have a solum thicker than 80 inches and Minor limitations: a water table within 40 inches of the soil surface • Moderate capacity to store water slightly lowers Typical Profile potential forage production • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily Surface layer: corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer 0 to 7 inches—strongly acid, dark brown fine sandy loam Trinity County, Texas 49

Interpretive Groups Underlying material: 49 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, stratified grayish Land capability classification: 2e brown, light gray, gray, and light brownish gray Woodland management group: 6 layered mudstone Soil Properties KuD—Kurth fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes Depth: Deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained Water table: Perched at 2.5 to 3.5 feet during Setting December through April Landform: Uplands Flooding: None Distinctive landscape features: None Runoff: Low to medium Landscape position: Side slopes Permeability: Slow Slope: Moderately sloping Available water capacity: Moderate Shape of areas: Long and narrow Root zone: Very deep Size of areas: 5 to 40 acres Natural soil fertility: Medium Native vegetation: Pine forest Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Water erosion hazard: Moderate Composition Land Use Kurth and similar soils: 85 percent Contrasting soils: 15 percent Major land use: Woodland Contrasting Soils Other land use: Pastureland Management Concerns • Kellison and Moswell soils have a clayey subsoil within 12 inches of the surface and are in slightly Woodland lower landscape positions Major limitations: Similar Soils • None Minor limitations: • Keltys soils have less than 18 percent clay in the • None upper part of the subsoil • Moswell soils have a clayey subsoil Pastureland Typical Profile Major limitations: • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses Surface layer: and legumes 0 to 2 inches—moderately acid, dark grayish brown fine Minor limitations: sandy loam • Moderate capacity to store water slightly lowers 2 to 6 inches—moderately acid, brown fine sandy loam potential forage production Subsurface layer: • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 6 to 11 inches—strongly acid, pale brown fine sandy corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer loam with brownish yellow iron concentrations Interpretive Groups 11 to 22 inches—strongly acid, very pale brown fine sandy loam with yellow iron concentrations Land capability classification: 4e Woodland management group: 6 Subsoil: 22 to 29 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown sandy clay loam with light brownish gray iron depletions LaB—Laska fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 29 to 37 inches—strongly acid, light brownish gray percent slopes sandy clay loam with red and brownish yellow iron concentrations Setting 37 to 49 inches—strongly acid, light brownish gray sandy clay loam with red and brownish yellow iron Landform: Uplands concentrations Distinctive landscape features: None Landscape position: Stream divides Slope: Very gently sloping 50 Soil Survey

Shape of areas: Oblong to irregular Permeability: Moderately rapid Size of areas: 30 to 85 acres Available water capacity: Moderate Native vegetation: Pine forest Root zone: Very deep Natural soil fertility: Medium Composition Shrink-swell potential: Low Laska and similar soils: 85 percent Water erosion hazard: Moderate Contrasting soils: 15 percent Land Use Contrasting Soils Major land use: Woodland • Rayburn soils have a clayey subsoil within 12 inches Other land use: Pastureland of the surface and are in slightly higher landscape Management Concerns positions Similar Soils Woodland Major limitations: • Colita soils have a thinner surface, more clay in the • None subsoil, and soft bedrock at 40 to 60 inches Minor limitations: • Keltys soils have sand strippings penetrating the • None subsoil and have a solum 40 to 60 inches thick • Moten soils are grayer throughout Pastureland Typical Profile Major limitations: • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses Surface layer: and legumes 0 to 6 inches—strongly acid, dark brown fine sandy Minor limitations: loam • Moderate capacity to store water slightly lowers Subsurface layer: potential forage production 6 to 14 inches—strongly acid, pale brown fine sandy • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily loam corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer 14 to 24 inches—strongly acid, light yellowish brown Interpretive Groups fine sandy loam with brownish yellow iron concentrations Land capability classification: 2w Woodland management group: 14 Subsoil: 24 to 41 inches—very strongly acid, strong brown loam with pale brown streaks, light brownish gray iron depletions, and yellowish brown iron concentrations LeB—Latex fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 41 to 56 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown percent slopes loam with pale brown streaks, light brownish gray iron depletions, and strong brown iron Setting concentrations Landform: Uplands 56 to 63 inches—very strongly acid, strong brown sandy Distinctive landscape features: None clay loam with pale brown streaks, light brownish Landscape position: Stream divides and knolls gray iron depletions, and red iron concentrations Slope: Very gently sloping Underlying material: Shape of areas: Irregular 63 to 70 inches—very strongly acid, light yellowish Size of areas: 25 to 40 acres brown, dark grayish brown, olive yellow, and pale Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest yellow weathered bedrock Composition Soil Properties Latex and similar soils: 85 percent Depth: Very deep Contrasting soils: 15 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Contrasting Soils Water table: Apparent at 1.5 to 3 feet during December through April • Etoile soils have a clayey subsoil and are in slightly Flooding: None lower landscape positions Runoff: Low to medium Trinity County, Texas 51

Similar Soils Pastureland • Sawtown soils have more streaks of sandy material Major limitations: in the subsoil • This soil is very well suited to the production of Typical Profile grasses and legumes Minor limitations: Surface layer: • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 0 to 3 inches—moderately acid, dark brown fine sandy corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer loam Interpretive Groups Subsurface layer: Land capability classification: 2e 3 to 10 inches—moderately acid, light yellowish brown Woodland management group: 6 fine sandy loam Subsoil: 10 to 16 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown sandy LnB—Letney loamy sand, 1 to 5 clay loam with yellowish brown iron concentrations percent slopes 16 to 49 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow sandy clay loam with yellowish red and red iron Setting concentrations Landform: Uplands 49 to 58 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown sandy Distinctive landscape features: None clay loam with red iron concentrations and light Landscape position: Stream divides brownish gray streaks of fine sandy loam Slope: Gently sloping 58 to 64 inches—very strongly acid, variegated red and Shape of areas: Oblong yellowish brown clay loam with light brownish gray Size of areas: 30 to 50 acres streaks of fine sandy loam Native vegetation: Pine forest 64 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, variegated red, yellowish brown, and light gray clay loam Composition Soil Properties Letney and similar soils: 90 percent Contrasting soils: 10 percent Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained Contrasting Soils Water table: Perched at 3 to 4.5 feet during December • Corrigan soils have a loamy surface, a dense clayey through April subsoil within 12 inches, and are in slightly lower Flooding: None landscape positions Runoff: Medium Permeability: Slow Similar Soils Available water capacity: High • Tehran soils have a sandy surface more than 40 Root zone: Very deep inches thick and occur as broad ridgetops and Natural soil fertility: Medium footslopes of steep side slopes Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Water erosion hazard: Slight Typical Profile Land Use Surface layer: 0 to 3 inches—moderately acid, brown loamy sand Major land use: Woodland Other land use: Pastureland Subsurface layer: Management Concerns 3 to 24 inches—moderately acid, pale brown loamy sand Woodland Subsoil: Major limitations: 24 to 29 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow sandy • None clay loam with reddish yellow iron concentrations Minor limitations: 29 to 43 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow sandy • None clay loam with yellowish red to yellow and dark red iron concentrations 52 Soil Survey

43 to 80 inches—strongly acid, red sandy clay loam Landscape position: Stream divides with brownish yellow iron concentrations Slope: Gently sloping Shape of areas: Oblong Soil Properties Size of areas: 30 to 50 acres Depth: Very deep Native vegetation: Pine forest Drainage class: Well drained Composition Water table: More than 6 feet Flooding: None Lovelady and similar soils: 90 percent Runoff: Low Contrasting soils: 10 percent Permeability: Surface and subsurface—rapid; Contrasting Soils subsoil—moderate Available water capacity: Moderate • Moswell soils have a loamy surface, a dense clayey Root zone: Very deep subsoil within 12 inches, and are in slightly lower Natural soil fertility: Medium landscape positions Shrink-swell potential: Low Similar Soils Water erosion hazard: Severe Land Use • Kurth soils have a loamy subsurface or subsoil within a depth of 20 inches Major land use: Woodland • Penning soils have a loamy subsurface or subsoil Other land use: Pastureland within a depth of 20 inches and have soft bedrock Management Concerns at 40 to 60 inches Woodland Typical Profile Major limitations: Surface layer: • The reduced availability of moisture during dry 0 to 6 inches—moderately acid, brown loamy fine sand periods may cause a high rate of seedling mortality Subsurface layer: Minor limitations: 6 to 23 inches—moderately acid, pale brown loamy fine • The sandy surface may interfere with equipment use sand during dry periods 23 to 32 inches—moderately acid, light yellowish brown Pastureland loamy fine sand Major limitations: Subsoil: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 32 to 51 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown sandy of grasses and legumes clay loam with red iron concentrations and pale Minor limitations: brown streaks of fine sand • Production is limited due to the thick, sandy surface 51 to 55 inches—strongly acid, variegated dark red, layer allowing rapid movement of water and grayish brown, and brownish yellow sandy clay nutrients through the root zone, resulting in low loam with pale brown streaks of fine sand inherent soil fertility and limited water storage for 55 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown clay plant production loam • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily Soil Properties corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Depth: Very deep Interpretive Groups Drainage class: Well drained Water table: Perched at 2 to 4 feet during December Land capability classification: 3s through April Woodland management group: 7 Flooding: None Runoff: Low LvC—Lovelady loamy fine sand, 1 to 5 Permeability: Surface and subsurface—rapid; percent slopes subsoil—moderate Available water capacity: Moderate Setting Root zone: Very deep Natural soil fertility: Medium Landform: Uplands Shrink-swell potential: Low Distinctive landscape features: None Water erosion hazard: Severe Trinity County, Texas 53

Land Use Similar Soils Major land use: Woodland • Kurth soils have a loamy subsurface or subsoil within Other land use: Pastureland a depth of 20 inches Management Concerns • Penning soils have a loamy subsurface or subsoil within a depth of 20 inches and have soft bedrock Woodland at 40 to 60 inches Major limitations: Typical Profile • The reduced availability of moisture during dry Surface layer: periods may cause a high rate of seedling mortality 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, brown loamy fine sand Minor limitations: • The sandy surface may interfere with equipment use Subsurface layer: during dry periods 4 to 26 inches—strongly acid, pale brown loamy fine sand Pastureland 26 to 38 inches—strongly acid, very pale brown loamy Major limitations: fine sand with brownish yellow iron concentrations • This soil is moderately well suited to the production Subsoil: of grasses and legumes 38 to 42 inches—very strongly acid, strong brown sandy Minor limitations: clay loam with red iron concentrations and pale • Production is limited due to the thick, sandy surface brown streaks layer allowing rapid movement of water and 42 to 63 inches—very strongly acid, gray sandy clay nutrients through the root zone, resulting in low with dark yellowish red and strong brown iron inherent soil fertility and limited water storage for concentrations plant production 63 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily sandy clay with dark yellowish red and reddish corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer yellow iron concentrations and gray iron depletions Interpretive Groups Soil Properties Land capability classification: 2e Depth: Very deep Woodland management group: 7 Drainage class: Well drained Water table: Perched at 2 to 4 feet during December through April LvD—Lovelady loamy fine sand, 5 to 8 Flooding: None percent slopes Runoff: Medium Permeability: Surface and subsurface—rapid; Setting subsoil—moderate Available water capacity: Moderate Landform: Uplands Root zone: Very deep Distinctive landscape features: None Natural soil fertility: Medium Landscape position: Side slopes Shrink-swell potential: Low Slope: Moderately sloping Water erosion hazard: Severe Shape of areas: Narrow and long Size of areas: 25 to 40 acres Land Use Native vegetation: Pine forest Major land use: Woodland Composition Other land use: Pastureland Lovelady and similar soils: 90 percent Management Concerns Contrasting soils: 10 percent Woodland Contrasting Soils Major limitations: • Moswell soils have a loamy surface and a clayey • The loose, sandy surface and steep slopes severely subsoil within 12 inches restrict the use of equipment during management operations 54 Soil Survey

Minor limitations: Subsoil: • Slope may cause a moderate rate of erosion 5 to 12 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown loam with following harvesting or other disturbance strong brown iron stains and light gray streaks of fine sand Pastureland 12 to 30 inches—moderately acid, grayish brown clay Major limitations: loam with light olive brown and yellowish brown • This soil is moderately well suited to the production iron concentrations and light gray streaks of fine of grasses and legumes sand Minor limitations: 30 to 47 inches—moderately acid, grayish brown clay • Production is limited due to the thick, sandy surface loam with yellowish brown and strong brown iron layer allowing rapid movement of water and concentrations and light gray streaks of fine sandy nutrients through the root zone, resulting in low loam inherent soil fertility and limited water storage for 47 to 64 inches—slightly alkaline, grayish brown clay plant production loam with strong brown iron concentrations and • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily pale brown and light brownish gray streaks and corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer pockets 64 to 72 inches—slightly alkaline, grayish brown clay Interpretive Groups loam with strong brown iron concentrations and Land capability classification: 4e pockets of light gray fine sandy loam Woodland management group: 7 Underlying material: 72 to 80 inches—slightly alkaline, grayish brown fine MpA—Mollville-Besner complex, 0 to 2 sandy loam with pale yellow and yellowish brown percent slopes iron concentrations Besner Setting Surface layer: Landform: Stream terraces 0 to 7 inches—very strongly acid, brown fine sandy Distinctive landscape features: Mounds loam Landscape position: Toeslopes; Mollville soils are in Subsurface layer: low, concave areas; Besner soils are on mounds 7 to 24 inches—very strongly acid, light yellowish brown Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping fine sandy loam Shape of areas: Oblong 24 to 36 inches—very strongly acid, light yellowish Size of areas: 20 to 45 acres brown and yellowish brown fine sandy loam Native vegetation: Hardwood-pine forest Subsoil: Composition 36 to 48 inches—very strongly acid, variegated strong Mollville and similar soils: 45 percent brown and light brownish gray fine sandy loam with Besner and similar soils: 40 percent light yellowish brown iron concentrations Contrasting soils: 15 percent 48 to 66 inches—very strongly acid, gray and light yellowish brown sandy clay loam with strong brown Contrasting Soils iron concentrations and very pale brown streaks • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout, have less 66 to 85 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray wetness, and are in higher landscape positions and light yellowish brown sandy clay loam with strong brown and yellowish brown iron Similar Soils concentrations and very pale gray streaks • Alazan soils are moderately well drained and are in Soil Properties slightly higher landscape positions • Sawtown soils have more than 18 percent clay in the Depth: Very deep upper part of the subsoil and are well drained Drainage class: Mollville—poorly drained; Besner—well Typical Profile drained Water table: Mollville—apparent at the surface; Mollville Besner—apparent at 4 to 6 feet during January and Surface layer: February 0 to 5 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown loam Trinity County, Texas 55

Flooding: Mollville—frequent; Besner—none MsB—Moswell loam, 1 to 5 percent Runoff: Negligible slopes Permeability: Mollville—slow; Besner—moderate Available water capacity: Mollville—high; Setting Besner—moderate Root zone: Very deep Landform: Uplands Natural soil fertility: Medium Distinctive landscape features: None Shrink-swell potential: Mollville—moderate; Landscape position: Stream divides Besner—low Slope: Gently sloping Water erosion hazard: Mollville—slight; Shape of areas: Broad and irregular Besner—moderate Size of areas: 35 to 80 acres Native vegetation: Pine forest Land Use Composition Major land use: Woodland Other land use: Pastureland Moswell and similar soils: 85 percent Management Concerns Contrasting soils: 15 percent Contrasting Soils Woodland • Fuller, Keltys, and Kurth soils are loamy throughout Major limitations: and are in slightly lower landscape positions • Mollville—wetness from ponding or a high water • Lovelady soils have a sandy surface, a loamy subsoil, table severely restricts the use of equipment and are in slightly higher landscape positions • Mollville—low strength may severely restrict the use of roads during wet seasons Similar Soils • Mollville—abundant moisture causes competition for • Kellison soils have a grayer subsoil sunlight and space from invading plants to severely • Rayburn soils have soft bedrock of tuffaceous reduce the success of regeneration efforts sandstone and siltstone • Mollville—long duration of wetness due to ponding or • Rosenwall soils have a thinner solum and are more a high water table makes this soil unsuited for pine acid management Minor limitations: Typical Profile • None Surface layer: Pastureland 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, brown loam Major limitations: Subsurface layer: • These soils are moderately suited to poorly suited to 4 to 9 inches—strongly acid, pale brown loam with the production of grasses and legumes yellowish brown iron concentrations Minor limitations: Subsoil: • Mollville—severe wetness, water ponding on the 9 to 15 inches—very strongly acid, red clay with brown surface, and poor internal drainage limit production iron concentrations and gray iron depletions • Mollville—extreme wetness interferes with 15 to 32 inches—very strongly acid, variegated establishment, maintenance, and the harvesting of yellowish red, red, and light brownish gray clay the forage produced 32 to 45 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown clay with • Besner—soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily brownish yellow iron concentrations corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Interpretive Groups Underlying material: 45 to 53 inches—strongly acid, light brownish gray Land capability classification: Mollville—4w; shale with texture of clay Besner—2e 53 to 80 inches—strongly acid, horizontally bedded Woodland management group: Mollville—16; Besner—6 layers of light brownish gray and gray shale with texture of clay 56 Soil Survey

Soil Properties Size of areas: 50 to 75 acres Native vegetation: Pine forest Depth: Deep Drainage class: Well drained Composition Water table: More than 6 feet Moswell and similar soils: 85 percent Flooding: None Contrasting soils: 15 percent Runoff: Medium Permeability: Very slow Contrasting Soils Available water capacity: Moderate • Keltys and Kurth soils are loamy throughout and are Root zone: Very deep in slightly higher landscape positions Natural soil fertility: Medium • Lovelady soils have a sandy surface, a loamy subsoil, Shrink-swell potential: High and are in slightly higher landscape positions Water erosion hazard: Slight Similar Soils Land Use • Kellison soils have a grayer subsoil Major land use: Woodland • Rayburn soils have soft bedrock of tuffaceous Other land use: Pastureland sandstone and siltstone Management Concerns • Rosenwall soils have a thinner solum and are more acid Woodland Typical Profile Major limitations: • None Surface layer: Minor limitations: 0 to 3 inches—strongly acid, brown loam • The use of some types of equipment may be Subsurface layer: restricted when the water table is high 3 to 6 inches—strongly acid, pale brown loam • Low strength may limit road use by heavy equipment Subsoil: Pastureland 6 to 16 inches—strongly acid, red clay with grayish Major limitations: brown iron depletions and yellowish brown iron • This soil is moderately well suited to the production concentrations of grasses and legumes 16 to 22 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown clay with Minor limitations: red iron concentrations • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey subsoil, 22 to 47 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray which limits water intake and storage for plant clay with red and strong brown iron concentrations production Underlying material: • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 47 to 59 inches—very strongly acid, pale brown shale corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer with texture of clay with red and yellow iron Interpretive Groups concentrations 59 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, light yellowish Land capability classification: 4e brown mudstone with texture of clay Woodland management group: 5 Soil Properties MsE—Moswell loam, 5 to 15 percent Depth: Deep slopes Drainage class: Well drained Water table: More than 6 feet Setting Flooding: None Runoff: Very high Landform: Uplands Permeability: Very slow Distinctive landscape features: None Available water capacity: Moderate Landscape position: Side slopes Root zone: Very deep Slope: Moderately sloping to moderately steep Natural soil fertility: Medium Shape of areas: Long and narrow Shrink-swell potential: High Water erosion hazard: Slight Trinity County, Texas 57

Land Use Contrasting Soils Major land use: Woodland • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout, have less Other land use: Pastureland wetness, and are in higher landscape positions Management Concerns Similar Soils Woodland • Alazan soils are more clayey • Keltys soils are dominated by brownish colors and Major limitations: are better drained • Low strength may severely restrict the use of roads • Mollville soils have more than 18 percent clay and during wet periods more silt in the upper part of the subsoil Minor limitations: • The use of some types of equipment may be Typical Profile restricted when the water table is high or flooding Moten occurs Surface layer: Pastureland 0 to 3 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown silt Major limitations: loam • This soil is moderately well suited to the production Subsurface layer: of grasses and legumes 3 to 11 inches—strongly acid, pale brown silt loam Minor limitations: 11 to 20 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey subsoil, silt loam with grayish brown streaks of loam which limits water intake and storage for plant production Subsoil: • On steeper slopes, water runoff is greater and less 20 to 45 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown loam water enters the root zone for plant production with pale brown streaks of silt loam • Steeper slopes also increase the hazard of excessive 45 to 61 inches—slightly acid, grayish brown loam with erosion during pasture establishment or renovation pockets of light yellowish brown clay loam and in pastures that are overgrazed 61 to 80 inches—neutral, grayish brown and pale Interpretive Groups yellow clay loam Multey Land capability classification: 6e Woodland management group: 5 Surface layer: 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown fine sandy loam MxA—Moten-Multey complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes Subsurface layer: 4 to 26 inches—strongly acid, pale brown fine sandy Setting loam with brownish yellow iron concentrations 26 to 35 inches—strongly acid, pale brown fine sandy Landform: Stream terraces loam and brownish yellow loam Distinctive landscape features: Mounds Subsoil: Landscape position: Toeslopes; Moten soils are on 35 to 49 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown loam intermounds; Multey soils are on mounds with pale brown streaks of sandy loam and strong Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping brown iron concentrations Shape of areas: Oblong 49 to 80 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown loam Size of areas: 30 to 100 acres with streaks of pale brown sandy loam Native vegetation: Hardwood-pine forest Composition Soil Properties Moten and similar soils: 55 percent Depth: Very deep Multey and similar soils: 35 percent Drainage class: Moten—moderately well drained; Contrasting soils: 10 percent Multey—well drained 58 Soil Survey

Water table: Moten—perched at 1 foot to 2.5 feet Landscape position: Bottomlands; Ozias soils are on during January through April; Multey—apparent at concave swales; Pophers soils are on convex ridges 4 to 6 feet during January through April Slope: Nearly level Flooding: None Shape of areas: Irregular Runoff: Moten—very low; Multey—low Size of areas: 50 to 175 acres Permeability: Moten—slow; Multey—moderate Native vegetation: Hardwood forest Available water capacity: Moderate Composition Root zone: Very deep Natural soil fertility: Medium Ozias and similar soils: 50 percent Shrink-swell potential: Low Pophers and similar soils: 40 percent Water erosion hazard: Moderate Contrasting soils: 10 percent Land Use Contrasting Soils Major land use: Woodland • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout, have less Other land use: Pastureland wetness, and are in higher landscape positions Management Concerns Similar Soils Woodland • Koury soils have less than 18 percent clay in the Major limitations: upper part of the subsoil and have less wetness • None • Moten soils have less than 18 percent clay in the Minor limitations: upper part of the subsoil and are in slightly higher • Moten—the use of some types of equipment may be landscape positions restricted when the water table is high Typical Profile • Moten—poor drainage may cause moderate pine seedling mortality Ozias • Moten—the abundance of moisture may cause Surface layer: competition for sunlight between seedlings and 2 to 0 inch—dark brown fibric material other plants 0 to 9 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish brown Pastureland clay with dark red, strong brown, and reddish yellow iron concentrations Major limitations: • These soils are moderately suited to poorly suited to Subsoil: the production of grasses and legumes 9 to 31 inches—extremely acid, grayish brown clay with Minor limitations: strong brown iron concentrations • Moten—wetness, water ponding on the surface, and 31 to 44 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown clay poor internal drainage limit production with strong brown iron concentrations • Moten—wetness may interfere with establishment, 44 to 58 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray maintenance, and the harvesting of the forage silty clay loam with strong brown iron produced concentrations • Multey—soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 58 to 70 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer silty clay loam with strong brown iron Interpretive Groups concentrations 70 to 84 inches—very strongly acid, dark gray clay with Land capability classification: Moten—2w; Multey—2s strong brown iron concentrations Woodland management group: Moten—10; Multey—6 Pophers Surface layer: Oz—Ozias-Pophers complex, 0 to 1 0 to 5 inches—very strongly acid, brown silty clay loam percent slopes, frequently flooded 5 to 18 inches—strongly acid, light grayish brown silty clay loam Setting Subsoil: Landform: Flood plains 18 to 30 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown silty Distinctive landscape features: Low, convex ridges and clay loam with light brownish gray iron depletions concave swales Trinity County, Texas 59

30 to 47 inches—very strongly acid, dark gray silty clay PeB—Penning very fine sandy loam, loam with light brownish gray iron concentrations 0 to 2 percent slopes 47 to 69 inches—strongly acid, dark gray silty clay loam with light brownish gray iron concentrations Setting 69 to 80 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown silty clay loam with light brownish gray iron depletions Landform: Uplands Distinctive landscape features: None Soil Properties Landscape position: Toeslopes and drainageways Depth: Very deep Slope: Nearly level to gently sloping Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Shape of areas: Oblong Water table: Ozias—perched at the surface to 1.5 feet Size of areas: 35 to 75 acres during November through May; Pophers—apparent Native vegetation: Pine forest at 1 foot to 2 feet December through May Composition Flooding: Frequent Runoff: Very low Penning and similar soils: 90 percent Permeability: Ozias—very slow; Pophers—moderately Contrasting soils: 10 percent slow Contrasting Soils Available water capacity: High Root zone: Very deep • Herty and Moswell soils have a clayey subsoil within Natural soil fertility: Medium 12 inches and are in slightly higher landscape Shrink-swell potential: Ozias—high; Pophers—moderate positions Water erosion hazard: Slight Similar Soils Land Use • Alazan soils have a solum thickness more than 60 Major land use: Woodland inches Other land use: Pastureland • Keltys and Kurth soils are well drained and are in Management Concerns higher landscape positions • Multey soils have clay content less than 18 percent in Woodland the upper part of the subsoil Major limitations: Typical Profile • Wetness from flooding, ponding, or a high water table severely restricts the use of equipment Surface layer: • Wetness may cause a high rate of seedling mortality 0 to 3 inches—moderately acid, dark grayish brown Minor limitations: very fine sandy loam • The abundance of moisture may cause competition Subsurface layer: for sunlight between seedlings and other plants 3 to 8 inches—strongly acid, pale brown very fine sandy Pastureland loam with yellowish brown iron stains 8 to 15 inches—strongly acid, pale brown very fine Major limitations: sandy loam with brownish yellow iron • These soils are poorly suited to very poorly suited to concentrations and light brownish gray iron the production of grasses and legumes depletions Minor limitations: • Extreme wetness, water ponding on the surface, Subsoil: flooding, and poor internal drainage limit 15 to 25 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow loam production with light gray clay depletions and pale brown • Extreme wetness interferes with establishment, streaks maintenance, and the harvesting of the forage 25 to 48 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow produced loam with light gray streaks and brownish yellow to Interpretive Groups dark yellowish brown iron concentrations 48 to 58 inches—moderately acid, grayish brown loam Land capability classification: 5w with brownish yellow and yellowish brown iron Woodland management group: 2 concentrations and light gray streaks 60 Soil Survey

Underlying material: Po—Pophers silty clay loam, 0 to 1 58 to 72 inches—neutral, pale yellow mudstone with percent slopes, frequently flooded texture of clay loam with grayish brown mottles Soil Properties Setting Depth: Deep Landform: Flood plains Drainage class: Moderately well drained Distinctive landscape features: None Water table: Perched at 1.5 to 4 feet during January Landscape position: Bottomlands through April Slope: Nearly level Flooding: None Shape of areas: Irregular Runoff: Low Size of areas: 50 to 110 acres Permeability: Moderate Native vegetation: Hardwood forest Available water capacity: Moderate Composition Root zone: Very deep Natural soil fertility: Medium Pophers and similar soils: 85 percent Shrink-swell potential: Low Contrasting soils: 15 percent Water erosion hazard: Moderate Contrasting Soils Land Use • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout, have less Major land use: Woodland wetness, and are in higher landscape positions Other land use: Pastureland Similar Soils Management Concerns • Koury soils have less than 18 percent clay in the Woodland upper part of the subsoil • Moten soils have less than 18 percent clay in the Major limitations: upper part of the subsoil and are in slightly higher • Abundant moisture causes competition for sunlight landscape positions and space from invading plants to severely reduce the success of regeneration efforts Typical Profile Minor limitations: Surface layer: • Low strength may limit the use of roads by heavy 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown silty equipment clay loam • Road-ditch erosion may be a problem due to slope Subsoil: Pastureland 4 to 10 inches—strongly acid, light brownish gray silty Major limitations: clay loam with yellowish brown iron concentrations • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses and dark grayish brown stains and legumes 10 to 30 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish brown Minor limitations: silty clay loam with light gray clay depletions • Slightly wet conditions during the winter and early 30 to 44 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown silty spring may interfere with harvesting hay, the clay loam with dark yellowish brown iron grazing rotation, or the use of equipment concentrations • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 44 to 80 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown silty clay corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer loam with dark yellowish brown iron concentrations Interpretive Groups Soil Properties Land capability classification: 2w Depth: Very deep Woodland ordination symbol: 10 Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Water table: Apparent at 1 foot to 2 feet during December through May Flooding: Frequent Runoff: Very low Trinity County, Texas 61

Permeability: Moderately slow Composition Available water capacity: High Rayburn and similar soils: 85 percent Root zone: Very deep Contrasting soils: 15 percent Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Contrasting Soils Water erosion hazard: Slight • Colita and Laska soils are loamy throughout and are Land Use in slightly lower landscape positions • Letney soils have a sandy surface, a loamy subsoil, Major land use: Woodland and are in slightly higher landscape positions Other land use: Pastureland Similar Soils Management Concerns • Moswell soils do not have fragments of tuffaceous Woodland siltstone in the lower part of the subsoil Major limitations: • Rosenwall soils are more acid • Wetness from flooding, ponding, or a high water Typical Profile table severely restricts the use of equipment • Wetness severely restricts road use when the water Surface layer: table is high or during periods of flooding 0 to 4 inches—very strongly acid, dark brown fine sandy • Wetness may cause a high rate of seedling mortality loam Minor limitations: Subsoil: • The abundance of moisture may cause competition 4 to 11 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish red clay for sunlight between seedlings and other plants 11 to 16 inches—very strongly acid, red clay with dark Pastureland red and yellow iron concentrations, and light brownish gray iron depletions Major limitations: 16 to 20 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray • This soil is poorly suited to the production of grasses clay with red and dark brown iron concentrations and legumes 20 to 29 inches—extremely acid, light brownish gray Minor limitations: silty clay • Extreme wetness, water ponding on the surface, flooding, and poor internal drainage limit Underlying material: production 29 to 45 inches—extremely acid, pale yellow tuffaceous • Extreme wetness interferes with establishment, sandstone with yellow and light brownish gray maintenance, and the harvesting of the forage mottles produced Soil Properties Interpretive Groups Depth: Moderately deep Land capability classification: 5w Drainage class: Moderately well drained Woodland management group: 2 Water table: Perched at 2.5 to 4.5 feet during December through February Flooding: None RbB—Rayburn fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 Runoff: Medium percent slopes Permeability: Very slow Available water capacity: Moderate Setting Root zone: Very deep Natural soil fertility: Medium Landform: Uplands Shrink-swell potential: High Distinctive landscape features: None Water erosion hazard: Slight Landscape position: Stream divides Slope: Gently sloping Land Use Shape of areas: Irregular Size of areas: 20 to 30 acres Major land use: Woodland Native vegetation: Pine forest Other land use: Pastureland 62 Soil Survey

Management Concerns Subsurface layer: 5 to 8 inches—strongly acid, brown fine sandy loam Woodland Subsoil: Major limitations: 8 to 15 inches—very strongly acid, dark red clay • None 15 to 19 inches—very strongly acid, dark red clay with Minor limitations: gray iron depletions • The use of some types of equipment may be 19 to 24 inches—very strongly acid, gray clay with dark restricted when the water table is high red iron concentrations • Low strength may limit road use by heavy equipment Underlying material: Pastureland 24 to 39 inches—extremely acid, layered pale yellow, Major limitations: dark red, dark gray and yellowish red shale and • This soil is moderately well suited to the production mudstone with texture of clay of grasses and legumes 39 to 58 inches—extremely acid, olive yellow, dark Minor limitations: grayish brown and strong brown shale and • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey subsoil, mudstone with texture of clay which limits water intake and storage for plant Soil Properties production • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily Depth: Moderately deep corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Drainage class: Moderately well drained Interpretive Groups Water table: More than 6 feet Flooding: None Land capability classification: 4e Runoff: Medium Woodland management group: 4 Permeability: Very slow Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Moderately deep RwB—Rosenwall fine sandy loam, 1 to Natural soil fertility: Medium 5 percent slopes Shrink-swell potential: High Water erosion hazard: Moderate Setting Land Use Landform: Uplands Major land use: Woodland Distinctive landscape features: None Other land use: Pastureland Landscape position: Knolls Slope: Gently sloping Management Concerns Shape of areas: Irregular and round Woodland Size of areas: 25 to 50 acres Native vegetation: Pine forest Major limitations: Composition • The clayey nature of this soil and the difficulty of proper rooting during tree planting may cause Rosenwall and similar soils: 85 percent severe seedling mortality Contrasting soils: 15 percent Minor limitations: Contrasting Soils • Soil slope may cause a moderate rate of erosion following harvesting or other mechanical • Herty soils have a solum depth of 40 to 60 inches disturbance • Kurth soils have a loamy control section • Low soil strength may limit equipment use when this Similar Soils soil is wet Pastureland • Moswell and Rayburn soils have more shrink-swell potential Major limitations: Typical Profile • Production is decreased slightly due to the clayey subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for Surface layer: plant production 0 to 5 inches—moderately acid, dark brown fine sandy loam Trinity County, Texas 63

Minor limitations: Water table: More than 6 feet • These soils are moderately suited to poorly suited to Flooding: None the production of grasses and legumes Runoff: High Permeability: Very slow Interpretive Groups Available water capacity: Moderate Land capability classification: 4e Root zone: Moderately deep Woodland management group: 11 Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: High Water erosion hazard: Moderate RwD—Rosenwall fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes Land Use Major land use: Woodland Setting Other land use: Pastureland Landform: Uplands Management Concerns Distinctive landscape features: None Woodland Landscape position: Side slopes Slope: Moderately sloping to moderately steep Major limitations: Shape of areas: Long and narrow • None Size of areas: 25 to 75 acres Minor limitations: Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest • Slope may cause a moderate rate of erosion Composition following harvesting or other disturbance • Slope may restrict the use of some types of Rosenwall and similar soils: 90 percent equipment during management operations Contrasting soils: 10 percent • Low strength may limit road use by heavy equipment Contrasting Soils Pastureland • Kurth soils have less than 35 percent clay in the Major limitations: upper part of the subsoil • This soil is moderately well suited to the production Similar Soils of grasses and legumes Minor limitations: • Moswell and Rayburn soils have more shrink-swell • Production is limited by the clayey subsoil, which potential limits water intake and storage for plant production Typical Profile • Due to high runoff, less water enters the root zone for plant production Surface layer: • Steep slopes increase the hazard of excessive 0 to 3 inches—very strongly acid, dark brown fine sandy erosion during pasture establishment or renovation loam and in pastures that are overgrazed Subsoil: Interpretive Groups 3 to 14 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish red clay Land capability classification: 6e with reddish gray iron depletions Woodland management group: 11 14 to 18 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish red clay with reddish brown iron concentrations 18 to 22 inches—very strongly acid, brown clay with yellowish red iron concentrations SsA—Sawlit-Sawtown complex, 0 to 2 22 to 28 inches—very strongly acid, brown clay percent slopes

Underlying material: Setting 28 to 45 inches—extremely acid, stratified grayish brown, light gray, and yellowish brown soft Landform: Stream terraces mudstone with texture of clay Distinctive landscape features: Mounds and ridges Soil Properties Landscape position: Toeslopes; Sawlit soils are on intermounds; Sawtown soils are on mounds or Depth: Moderately deep ridges Drainage class: Moderately well drained Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping 64 Soil Survey

Shape of areas: Oblong Subsurface layer: Size of areas: 75 to 130 acres 5 to 8 inches—very strongly acid, pale brown fine sandy Native vegetation: Pine forest loam Composition Subsoil: 8 to 18 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow Sawlit and similar soils: 55 percent sandy clay loam with pale brown streaks Sawtown and similar soils: 35 percent 18 to 26 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow Contrasting soils: 10 percent sandy clay loam with red iron concentrations and Contrasting Soils pale brown streaks of fine sandy loam 26 to 36 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown • Mollville soils are grayish throughout and are poorly sandy clay loam with red iron concentrations and drained pale brown streaks of fine sandy loam Similar Soils 36 to 43 inches—very strongly acid, variegated strong brown, brownish yellow, pale brown, red, and gray • Austonio soils do not have a clayey lower subsoil sandy clay loam layer 43 to 56 inches—very strongly acid, gray clay loam with • Besner soils are in slightly higher landscape positions red and yellowish brown iron concentrations and are coarser in texture 56 to 65 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown clay • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout loam with strong brown iron concentrations • Latex soils are in higher landscape positions and are 65 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray better drained sandy clay loam with strong brown iron Typical Profile concentrations Sawlit Soil Properties Surface layer: Depth: Very deep 0 to 3 inches—very strongly acid, brown loam Drainage class: Sawlit—moderately well drained; Sawtown—well drained Subsurface layer: Water table: Sawlit—perched at 2 to 3.5 feet during 3 to 7 inches—very strongly acid, pale brown loam with January through May; Sawtown—perched at 3.5 to yellowish brown iron stains 5 feet during January through May Subsoil: Flooding: None 7 to 11 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown Runoff: Low loam with grayish brown iron depletions Permeability: Sawlit—very slow; Sawtown—moderate 11 to 19 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown Available water capacity: High sandy clay loam with grayish brown clay depletions Root zone: Very deep and pale brown streaks of fine sandy loam Natural soil fertility: Medium 19 to 29 inches—very strongly acid, strong brown clay Shrink-swell potential: Moderate loam with red iron concentrations and grayish Water erosion hazard: Slight brown iron depletions and pale brown streaks of Land Use fine sandy loam 29 to 39 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown clay Major land use: Woodland with red iron concentrations Other land use: Pastureland 39 to 61 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray Management Concerns clay with yellowish brown iron concentrations 61 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray Woodland sandy clay loam with brownish yellow iron Major limitations: concentrations • None Minor limitations: Sawtown • Low strength may limit road use by heavy equipment Surface layer: • The use of some types of equipment may be 0 to 5 inches—very strongly acid, dark brown fine sandy restricted when the water table is high loam • The abundance of moisture may cause competition for sunlight between seedlings and other plants Trinity County, Texas 65

Pastureland Subsoil: 10 to 18 inches—strongly acid, strong brown sandy clay Major limitations: loam with red iron concentrations • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses 18 to 25 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown sandy and legumes clay loam with red iron concentrations Minor limitations: 25 to 31 inches—strongly acid, strong brown sandy clay • Slightly wet conditions during the winter and early loam with red iron concentrations and light gray spring may interfere with harvesting hay, the iron depletions grazing rotation, or the use of equipment 31 to 42 inches—strongly acid, variegated strong • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily brown, red, and light gray sandy clay loam corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer 42 to 51 inches—strongly acid, variegated yellowish Interpretive Groups brown, red, and light gray sandy clay loam 51 to 68 inches—strongly acid, variegated brownish Land capability classification: Sawlit—2w; yellow, red, and light gray fine sandy loam Sawtown—2e 68 to 80 inches—strongly acid, variegated strong Woodland management group: Sawlit—10; brown, brownish yellow, and light gray fine sandy Sawtown—6 loam Soil Properties StD—Stringtown fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Setting Water table: More than 6 feet Flooding: None Landform: Uplands Runoff: Medium to high Distinctive landscape features: None Permeability: Moderate Landscape position: Side slopes Available water capacity: Moderate Slope: Moderately sloping to moderately steep Root zone: Very deep Shape of areas: Irregular Natural soil fertility: Medium Size of areas: 40 to 75 acres Shrink-swell potential: Low Native vegetation: Pine forest Water erosion hazard: Moderate Composition Land Use Stringtown and similar soils: 90 percent Major land use: Woodland Contrasting soils: 10 percent Other land use: Pastureland Contrasting Soils Management Concerns • Tehran soils have a sandy surface 40 inches or more Woodland thick Major limitations: Similar Soils • Steepness of slope may cause a rapid rate of erosion following harvesting or other disturbance • Letney and Lovelady soils have a sandy surface and • Steepness of slope may cause severe road-surface subsurface more than 20 inches thick and are in or road-ditch erosion slightly higher areas Minor limitations: Typical Profile • Slope may restrict the use of some types of equipment during management operations Surface layer: 0 to 5 inches—moderately acid, dark brown fine sandy Pastureland loam Major limitations: Subsurface layer: • These soils are moderately well suited to the 5 to 10 inches—moderately acid, pale brown fine sandy production of grasses and legumes loam Minor limitations: • Steepness of slope also increases the hazard of excessive erosion during pasture establishment or renovation and in pastures that are overgrazed 66 Soil Survey

Interpretive Groups Permeability: Surface and subsurface—rapid; subsoil—moderately rapid Land capability classification: 6e Available water capacity: Low Woodland management group: 6 Root zone: Very deep Natural soil fertility: Medium TeD—Tehran loamy sand, 5 to 15 Shrink-swell potential: Low percent slopes Water erosion hazard: severe Land Use Setting Major land use: Pastureland Landform: Uplands Other land use: Woodland Distinctive landscape features: None Management Concerns Landscape position: Stream divides Slope: Moderately sloping to moderately steep Woodland Shape of areas: Round to oblong Major limitations: Size of areas: 10 to 200 acres • The loose, sandy surface may severely restrict Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest equipment use during dry periods Composition Minor limitations: • The low available water capacity of this soil may Tehran and similar soils: 90 percent cause moderate seedling mortality Contrasting soils: 10 percent • The low available water capacity causes competition Contrasting Soils for moisture between seedlings and other plants • Stringtown soils have a loamy surface and have a Pastureland subsoil within a depth of 12 inches Major limitations: Similar Soils • This soil is moderately well suited to the production of grasses and legumes • Letney and Lovelady soils have a sandy surface and Minor limitations: subsurface 20 to 40 inches thick • Production is limited by the thick, sandy surface layer Typical Profile allowing rapid movement of water and nutrients through the root zone, resulting in low inherent soil Surface layer: fertility and limited water storage for plant 0 to 8 inches—moderately acid, brown loamy sand production Subsurface layer: • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 8 to 17 inches—moderately acid, pale brown loamy corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer sand Interpretive Groups 17 to 34 inches—moderately acid, pale brown loamy sand with light yellowish brown iron stains Land capability classification: 6e 34 to 45 inches—moderately acid, light yellowish brown Woodland management group: 15 loamy sand with yellowish red iron stains Subsoil: UrB—Urland fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 45 to 60 inches—strongly acid, red sandy clay loam percent slopes 60 to 67 inches—strongly acid, variegated red and yellowish red sandy clay loam Setting 67 to 80 inches—strongly acid, variegated red and yellowish red sandy loam Landform: Uplands Soil Properties Distinctive landscape features: None Landscape position: Knolls and ridgetops Depth: Very deep Slope: Gently sloping Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Shape of areas: Round Water table: More than 6 feet Size of areas: 20 to 50 acres Flooding: None Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Runoff: Low Trinity County, Texas 67

Composition Management Concerns Urland and similar soils: 90 percent Woodland Contrasting soils: 10 percent Major limitations: Contrasting Soils • There are no soil limitations for growth and management of commercial timber • Stringtown soils contain less than 35 percent clay in Minor limitations: the upper part of the subsoil and are on steeper • None side slopes Similar Soils Pastureland Major limitations: • Moswell soils have gray mottles due to wetness • This soil is moderately well suited to the production within 30 inches of the surface and are in lower- of grasses and legumes lying concave positions Minor limitations: Typical Profile • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for plant Surface layer: production 0 to 2 inches—slightly acid, brown fine sandy loam • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 2 to 5 inches—slightly acid, yellowish red fine sandy corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer loam Interpretive Groups Subsoil: 5 to 22 inches—very strongly acid, red clay Land capability classification: 3e 22 to 43 inches—very strongly acid, red clay loam with Woodland management group: 11 brownish yellow iron concentrations 43 to 58 inches—very strongly acid, red sandy clay loam with red iron concentrations and gray shale WnB—Woden fine sandy loam, 1 to 4 fragments percent slopes

Underlying material: Setting 58 to 72 inches—very strongly acid, stratified yellowish brown soft sandstone with texture of fine sandy Landform: Stream terraces loam and red masses of sandy clay loam Distinctive landscape features: None Soil Properties Landscape position: Toeslopes Slope: Gently sloping Depth: Deep Shape of areas: Oblong Drainage class: Well drained Size of areas: 30 to 60 acres Water table: More than 6 feet Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Flooding: None Composition Runoff: Medium Permeability: Moderately slow Woden and similar soils: 85 percent Available water capacity: Moderate Contrasting soils: 15 percent Root zone: Very deep Contrasting Soils Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Medium • Annona soils have a clayey subsoil and are in slightly Water erosion hazard: Moderate lower landscape positions Land Use • Derly soils have a clayey subsoil, are poorly drained, and are in depressions Major land use: Forestland Land Use Other land use: Pastureland Major land uses: Pastureland and woodland Other land use: Cropland 68

Typical Profile Root zone: Very deep Natural soil fertility: Medium Surface layer: Shrink-swell potential: Low 0 to 5 inches—strongly acid, dark brown fine sandy Water erosion hazard: Slight loam Subsurface layer: Management Concerns 5 to 12 inches—strongly acid, brown fine sandy loam Woodland Subsoil: Major limitations: 12 to 36 inches—slightly acid, strong brown fine sandy • None loam Minor limitations: 36 to 62 inches—slightly acid, yellowish red fine sandy • None loam 62 to 74 inches—slightly acid, yellowish red loam Pastureland 74 to 80 inches—slightly acid, strong brown fine sandy Major limitations: loam • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses Soil Properties and legumes Minor limitations: Depth: Very deep • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily Drainage class: Well drained corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Water table: More than 6 feet Flooding: None Interpretive Groups Runoff: Negligible Permeability: Moderately rapid Land capability classification: 2e Available water capacity: Moderate Woodland management group: 1 69

Use and Management of the Soils

This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of the identify the limitations that affect specified uses and soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust land indicate the severity of those limitations. The ratings in uses to the limitations and potentials of natural these tables are both verbal and numerical. resources and the environment. Also, it can help to Rating Class Terms prevent soil-related failures in land uses. In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists, Rating classes are expressed in the tables in terms conservationists, engineers, and others collect that indicate the extent to which the soils are limited by extensive field data about the nature and behavioral all of the soil features that affect a specified use or in characteristics of the soils. They collect data on terms that indicate the suitability of the soils for the erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that use. Thus, the tables may show limitation classes or affect various soil uses and management. Field suitability classes. Terms for the limitation classes are experience and collected data on soil properties and not limited, somewhat limited, and very limited. The performance are used as a basis in predicting soil suitability ratings are expressed as well suited, behavior. moderately suited, poorly suited, and unsuited or as Information in this section can be used to plan the good, fair, and poor. use and management of soils for crops and pasture; as Numerical Ratings rangeland and forestland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities, highways and other transportation Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the relative systems, and parks and other recreational facilities; for severity of individual limitations. The ratings are shown agricultural waste management; and as wildlife habitat. as decimal fractions ranging from 0.00 to 1.00. They It can be used to identify the potentials and limitations indicate gradations between the point at which a soil of each soil for specific land uses and to help prevent feature has the greatest negative impact on the use construction failures caused by unfavorable soil and the point at which the soil feature is not a properties. limitation. The limitations appear in order from the Planners and others using soil survey information most limiting to the least limiting. Thus, if more than can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on one limitation is identified, the most severe limitation is productivity and on the environment in all or part of the listed first and the least severe one is listed last. survey area. The survey can help planners to maintain or create a land use pattern in harmony with the Crops and Pasture natural soil. Contractors can use this survey to locate sources of General management needed for crops and pasture sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use it to is suggested in this section. The estimated yields of the identify areas where bedrock, wetness, or very firm soil main crops and pasture plants are listed, the system of layers can cause difficulty in excavation. land capability classification used by the Natural Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and Resources Conservation Service is explained, and prime others may also find this survey useful. The survey can farmland is described. help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and locate Planners of management systems for individual fields sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds, or farms should consider the detailed information given playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs. in the description of each soil under the heading “Detailed Soil Map Units.” Specific information can be Interpretive Ratings obtained from the local office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension The interpretive tables in this survey rate the soils in Service. the survey area for various uses. Many of the tables 70 Soil Survey

Pasture and Hayland clovers, vetch, ryegrass, or small grains for additional winter and early spring grazing. Some crop fields are Rick Leopold, zone agronomist, Natural Resources used continuously for annual winter pasture production. Conservation Service, helped prepare this section. Well-managed perennial warm-season pasture grasses usually produce more grass than is needed Land used as pasture and hayland in Trinity County is during the peak of the growing season (late May mainly planted to introduced grasses that respond to through early June). Excess pasture production is often recommended management practices. The primary harvested as hay for use during the winter. Some warm-season perennial species used are common and perennial grasses, as well as annual forage sorghum hybrid varieties of bermudagrass and bahiagrass. plantings, are managed strictly as hay for use during Established bermudagrass and bahiagrass may be the winter. overseeded with winter annuals, such as adapted Planning land use and kinds of forage to be grown

Figure 7.—An improved pasture in an area of Gladewater clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded. Trinity County, Texas 71

can develop year-round forage programs. Such a each soil suitable for pasture production in the county. planned grazing system maximizes production by An animal unit month is the length of time that the providing a guide to stocking rates, allowing timely rest forage produced on one acre will feed one animal unit periods from grazing and efficient forage harvest. at a given utilization rate. An animal unit is the Recommended pasture management practices equivalent of one 1,000-pound animal. For example, a include adequate fence arrangement for rotational yield of 8.00 AUM will provide forage for one animal grazing and efficient use of forage. Proper use of unit for eight months in a normal year. Expressed forage ensures that plant vigor remains high for another way, it will take 1.5 acres producing this rate to continued production and that the soil is protected from provide adequate forage for one animal unit for a year. erosion. Selection of the best adapted plants that meet Estimated forage yields given in table 5 are based on a the yield and economic goals of the operation is utilization rate of 60 percent. Utilization rate is the important. In a well-managed pasture, weeds and amount of the total forage produced that is actually brush are controlled, fertilization is done at the proper consumed by livestock. The remaining portion of the time and at the recommended rates, and an adequate forage produced may be lost to grazing due to supply of water is available for livestock (fig. 7). trampling and fouling or over maturity or must be left to Application of recommended amounts of fertilizer assure erosion control and continued productivity. should be accomplished by splitting applications Utilization rate decreases as the rotational length throughout the growing season, generally after grazing increases, and yield estimates should be adjusted cycles in pasture or after harvest on hayland. This accordingly. As a general rule, utilization rates are 30 to practice is particularly important on sandy soils due to 40 percent for continuous grazing, 40 to 60 percent for the high potential for nitrogen and other applied weekly rotation, and 60 to 70 percent for daily rotation. nutrients to leach into ground water. Split applications Hay yields in tons per acre may be estimated by are also important on clayey soils due to the high multiplying the AUM value listed in table 5 by 1.67. potential for applied fertilizer to run off during heavy Yields per Acre rainfall. Some pastures and hayland need applications of agricultural limestone to correct soil acidity and allow The average yields per acre that can be expected of better utilization of applied fertilizer by plants. Soil pH the principal crops under a high level of management should be maintained at a minimum of 5.5 for most are shown in table 5. In any given year, yields may be grasses. If legumes are to be overseeded, pH of at higher or lower than those indicated in the table least 6.0 should be maintained. because of variations in rainfall and other climatic Hay production requires the same high management factors. The land capability classification of map units in standards as pasture production. Additionally, the the survey area also is shown in the table. forage needs to be cut at the proper interval and height The yields are based mainly on the experience and based on species requirements in order to harvest good records of farmers, conservationists, and extension quality forage, maintain stand vigor, and promote timely agents. Available yield data from nearby counties and regrowth (fig. 8). results of field trials and demonstrations also are considered. Yield Potential The management needed to obtain the indicated The yields shown in table 5 are based on soil yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil characteristics, such as surface texture, available water and the crop. Management can include drainage, holding capacity, permeability, drainage, and others. erosion control, and protection from flooding; the They represent current (1999) yield estimates for proper planting and seeding rates; suitable high- established grasses, which are attainable by following yielding crop varieties; appropriate and timely tillage; recommended management practices, assuming control of weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects; normal temperature and rainfall patterns. favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen, Recommended management practices include selection phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each of species adapted to the soils; setting economically crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure, feasible yield goals; establishing and maintaining and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures recommended levels of fertility based on current soil the smallest possible loss. test results, rotational grazing, and weed, brush, insect, The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity and disease control when needed; and maintaining of each soil for each of the principal crops. Yields are proper grazing and cutting heights. likely to increase as new production technology is The yield for pasture is expressed in animal unit developed. The productivity of a given soil compared months (AUM) for the grass most commonly grown on with that of other soils, however, is not likely to change. 72 Soil Survey

Figure 8.—A bahiagrass hay meadow in an area of Kurth fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes.

Crops other than those shown in table 5 are grown and generally expensive landforming that would change in the survey area, but estimated yields are not listed slope, depth, or other characteristics of the soils, nor because the acreage of such crops is small. The local do they include possible but unlikely major reclamation office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service or projects. Capability classification is not a substitute for of the Cooperative Extension Service can provide interpretations designed to show suitability and information about the management and productivity of limitations of groups of soils for rangeland, for the soils for those crops. forestland, or for engineering purposes. In the capability system, soils are generally grouped Land Capability Classification at three levels—capability class, subclass, and unit. Land capability classification shows, in a general Capability classes, the broadest groups, are way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field crops. designated by the numbers 1 through 8. The numbers Crops that require special management are excluded. indicate progressively greater limitations and narrower The soils are grouped according to their limitations for choices for practical use. The classes are defined as field crops, the risk of damage if they are used for follows: crops, and the way they respond to management. The Class 1 soils have slight limitations that restrict their criteria used in grouping the soils do not include major use. Trinity County, Texas 73

Class 2 soils have moderate limitations that restrict Prime Farmland the choice of plants or that require moderate conservation practices. Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important Class 3 soils have severe limitations that restrict the farmland defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. choice of plants or that require special conservation It is of major importance in meeting the Nation’s short- practices, or both. and long-range needs for food and fiber. Because the Class 4 soils have very severe limitations that restrict supply of high-quality farmland is limited, the U.S. the choice of plants or that require very careful Department of Agriculture recognizes that responsible management, or both. levels of government, as well as individuals, should Class 5 soils are subject to little or no erosion but encourage and facilitate the wise use of our Nation’s have other limitations, impractical to remove, that prime farmland. restrict their use mainly to pasture, rangeland, Prime farmland, as defined by the U.S. Department forestland, or wildlife habitat. of Agriculture, is land that has the best combination of Class 6 soils have severe limitations that make them physical and chemical characteristics for producing generally unsuitable for cultivation and that restrict their food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is use mainly to pasture, rangeland, forestland, or wildlife available for these uses. It could be cultivated land, habitat. pastureland, forestland, or other land, but it is not Class 7 soils have very severe limitations that make urban or built-up land or water areas. The soil them unsuitable for cultivation and that restrict their qualities, growing season, and moisture supply are use mainly to grazing, forestland, or wildlife habitat. those needed for the soil to economically produce Class 8 soils and miscellaneous areas have sustained high yields of crops when proper limitations that preclude commercial plant production management, including water management, and and that restrict their use to recreational purposes, acceptable farming methods are applied. In general, wildlife habitat, watershed, or esthetic purposes. prime farmland has an adequate and dependable Capability subclasses are soil groups within one supply of moisture from precipitation or irrigation, a class. They are designated by adding a small letter, e, favorable temperature and growing season, acceptable w, or s, to the class numeral, for example, 2e. The acidity or alkalinity, an acceptable salt and sodium letter e shows that the main hazard is the risk of content, and few or no rocks. It is permeable to water erosion unless close-growing plant cover is maintained; and air. It is not excessively erodible or saturated with w shows that water in or on the soil interferes with water for long periods, and it either is not frequently plant growth or cultivation (in some soils the wetness flooded during the growing season or is protected from can be partly corrected by artificial drainage); and s flooding. Slope ranges mainly from 0 to 5 percent. shows that the soil is limited mainly because it is More detailed information about the criteria for prime shallow, droughty, or stony. farmland is available at the local office of the Natural In class 1 there are no subclasses because the soils Resources Conservation Service. of this class have few limitations. Class 5 contains only A recent trend in land use in some parts of the the subclasses indicated by w or s because the soils in survey area has been the loss of some prime farmland class 5 are subject to little or no erosion. They have to industrial and urban uses. The loss of prime other limitations that restrict their use to pasture, farmland to other uses puts pressure on marginal rangeland, forestland, wildlife habitat, or recreation. lands, which generally are more erodible, droughty, and Capability units are soil groups within a subclass. less productive and cannot be easily cultivated. The soils in a capability unit are enough alike to be The following map units are considered prime suited to the same crops and pasture plants, to require farmland. This list does not constitute a similar management, and to have similar productivity. recommendation for a particular land use. On some Capability units are generally designated by adding an soils included in the list, measures that overcome a Arabic numeral to the subclass symbol, for example, hazard or limitation, such as flooding, wetness, and 2e-4 and 3e-6. These units are not given in all soil droughtiness, are needed. Onsite evaluation is needed surveys. to determine whether or not the hazard or limitation The capability classification of map units in this has been overcome by corrective measures. The extent survey area is given in the section “Detailed Soil Map of each listed map unit is shown in table 4. The location Units” and in the yields table. is shown on the detailed soil maps. The soil qualities that affect use and management are described under the heading “Detailed Soil Map Units.” 74 Soil Survey

AaB Alazan very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent same potential productivity have been organized into slopes woodland groups. Soils that generally are not suited to AbA Alazan-Besner complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes woodland are not included in the groups. A detailed AuB Austonio fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes description of each of these woodland groups and the BeABesner fine sandy loam, 0 to 3soils thatpercent are includedslopes in each is given below. EaAEastham clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes Woodland Management Groups GaAGarner clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes KeB Keltys fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes Woodland Management Group 1. This group KuB Kurth fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes includes the Woden soils in map unit WnB—Woden fine LeB Latex fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes. MxAMoten-Multey complex, 0 to 2 percent Theseslopes soils are on stream terraces. They have a SsASawlit-Sawtown complex, 0 to 2 percentvery high potentialslopes productivity for both pine and UrB Urland fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes hardwoods. Common trees of the overstory include WnB Woden fine sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, white oak, southern red oak, water oak, sweetgum, ash, and elm. The 50-year Woodland Management and site index for loblolly pine averages 100 feet (70 feet on Productivity a 25-year curve), but ranges from 95 to 105 plus feet. The yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly Ray Stoner, zone forester, Natural Resources Conservation pine over a 50-year period is approximately 460 board Service, helped prepare this section. feet (Doyle Rule) or 115 cubic feet per acre per year. Management can substantially increase this yield. Trinity County has about 352,200 acres of woodland. The problems associated with these soils are the The forests are used not only for commercial wood somewhat limited access and the equipment operability products but, also, for hunting and other recreational during wet periods when rutting can be a moderate activities. Large commercial landowners manage about concern. Short-term restrictions may be necessary 212,500 acres, and the U.S. Forest Service manages during these times. These soils are well suited to use another 66,700 acres in the Davy Crockett National as roads and log landings and should have few erosion Forest. The remaining 73,000 acres of woodland is problems when adequate water-control devices, such managed by individual landowners. as wing ditches and water bars, are installed on the The soils and climate in Trinity County are well steeper slopes. suited to the production of timber. Harvesting timber Woodland Management Group 2. This group and manufacturing wood products are major sources of includes the Ozias and Pophers soils in map units income in the county. Reforestation and control of Oz—Ozias-Pophers complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes, undesirable species are management problems, frequently flooded, and Po—Pophers silty clay loam, 0 particularly on the privately-owned woodlands. to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded. Production could be increased with management on These soils are on flood plains and have a very high these lands. potential productivity for hardwoods. Common trees of Forested areas in the uplands mainly support mixed the overstory include water oak, willow oak, green ash, pine and hardwoods, although pine plantations are sugarberry, and sweetgum. Overcup oak may be common, especially on commercial forestlands. The present on wetter sites. The 50-year site index for dominant pine species in the uplands are loblolly pine sweetgum and bottomland oaks ranges from 90 to 105 and shortleaf pine, as well as longleaf pine on some feet. The yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of soils. Hardwood species are mainly red oak, hickory, sweetgum over a 50-year period is approximately 305 and sweetgum. Wooded areas on bottomlands support board feet (Doyle Rule) per acre per year. Although mainly water oak, willow oak, overcup oak, green ash, management can substantially increase this yield, it and sweetgum. should also include attention to streamside Soils vary in their ability to produce trees. Natural management zone practices to protect water quality. fertility and texture influence tree growth. Permeability, Access and equipment operability on these soils are drainage, and position on the landscape also are poor for long periods due to flooding and wetness. It important factors. may be necessary to suspend harvesting and other This soil survey can be used by woodland owners or operations during wet periods. Rutting during these forest managers in planning the use of soils for wood operations can be severe due to the low strength of crops. The soils in this survey area that require the these soils. Flooding also makes these soils poorly same general management and that have about the suited to use as log landings and roads. Road Trinity County, Texas 75

construction should be limited. Planting can be difficult Rule) or 90 cubic feet per acre per year. Management due to wetness and the sticky nature of these soils. Site can substantially increase this yield. preparation operations should be limited to the dry Access and equipment operability are poor during months, and planting should be planned for the drier wet periods. Wet weather limitations may be necessary part of the planting season. Use of herbicides in site to prevent rutting and excessive erosion. Low strength preparation must also include consideration of the makes these soils only moderately suited to use as possibility of flooding in order to prevent contamination roads and log landings. Site preparation and tree of surface waters. planting operations will be affected by the sticky nature Woodland Management Group 3. This group of these soils when wet. Tree planting should be includes the Koury soils in map unit Kp—Koury silt loam, planned for the drier, early part of the planting season. 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded. Also, because clay occurs within 10 inches of the These soils are on flood plains and have a very high surface, care must be taken to assure proper planting potential productivity for both pine and hardwoods. depth; otherwise, a moderate level of seedling Common trees of the overstory include loblolly pine, mortality may occur. The moderate level of runoff on water oak, white oak, cherrybark oak, green ash, these soils means precautions are necessary when American elm, sugarberry, and sweetgum. Shortleaf using herbicides in site preparation and release in order pine may occur on drier sites, and willow oak may to prevent contamination of surface waters. occur on wetter sites. The 50-year site index for loblolly Woodland Management Group 5. This group pine averages 105 feet (approximately 62 to 75 feet on includes the Moswell soils in map units MsB—Moswell a 25-year curve), and for bottomland oaks, it averages loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, and MsE—Moswell loam, 5 85 to 100 feet. The yield from an unmanaged, natural to 15 percent slopes. stand of loblolly pine over a 50-year period is These high shrink-swell soils are on uplands and approximately 460 board feet (Doyle Rule) or 115 cubic have a high potential productivity for pine. Common feet per acre per year. Although management can trees of the overstory include loblolly pine, shortleaf substantially increase this yield, it should also include pine, post oak, southern red oak, water oak, white oak, attention to streamside management zone practices to ash, sweetgum, elm, and hickory. The 50-year site protect water quality. index for loblolly pine averages between 85 and 90 feet Access and equipment operability on these soils are (approximately 57 to 60 feet on a 25-year curve). The poor during wet periods due to flooding. It may be yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine necessary to suspend harvesting and other operations over a 50-year period is approximately 280 to 330 during wet periods. Flooding also makes these soils board feet (Doyle Rule) or 75 to 90 cubic feet per acre poorly suited to use as log landings and roads. Road per year. Although management can substantially construction should be limited. When these soils are increase this yield, trees on these soils tend to have wet, low strength leads to severe rutting problems and poor form. Therefore, a short rotation management makes these soils poorly suited for road construction. scheme may be considered. Site preparation operations should be limited to the dry Access and equipment operability are poor during months, and planting should be planned for the drier wet periods. Wet weather limitations may be necessary part of the planting season. Use of herbicides in site to prevent rutting and excessive erosion. Low strength preparation must also include consideration of the and stickiness make these soils only moderately suited possibility of flooding in order to prevent contamination to use as roads and log landings. On steeper slopes, of surface waters. Wetness may cause a moderate the potential for erosion is greater, site disturbance level of pine seedling mortality. should be minimized, and control devices for roads, Woodland Management Group 4. This group such as water bars, are necessary. Revegetating roads includes the Rayburn soils in map unit RbB—Rayburn and log landings may also be necessary. Site fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes. preparation and tree planting operations will be These soils are on uplands and have a high potential affected by the sticky nature of these soils when wet. productivity for pine. Common trees of the overstory Site preparation should be planned for the drier part of include loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, post oak, southern the year. Tree planting should be planned for the drier, red oak, white oak, ash, sweetgum, elm, and hickory. early part of the planting season. Mechanical tree The 50-year site index for loblolly pine averages 90 feet planting on steeper slopes should be done on the (approximately 60 feet on a 25-year curve). The yield contour. Also, because clay occurs within 10 inches of from an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine over the surface, care must be taken to assure proper a 50-year period is approximately 330 board feet (Doyle planting depth. The very slow permeability of these soils means precautions are necessary when using 76 Soil Survey

herbicides in site preparation and release in order to over a 50-year period is approximately 330 board feet prevent contamination of surface waters. (Doyle Rule) or 90 cubic feet per acre per year. Woodland Management Group 6. This group Management can substantially increase this yield. includes the Austonio, Besner, Keltys, Kurth, Latex, Because these soils are loose when dry, access and Multey, Sawtown, and Stringtown soils in map units equipment operability are only fair during dry periods AbA—Alazan-Besner complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes; when rutting is possible. However, these soils are well AuB—Austonio fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes; suited for access and equipment operability during wet AuD—Austonio fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes; periods. These soils are well suited to use as roads and BeA—Besner fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes; log landings and should have little erosion problems KeB—Keltys fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes; when adequate water-control devices, such as wing KeD—Keltys fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes; ditches and water bars, are installed on the steeper KuB—Kurth fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes; slopes. Seedling mortality may be slight to moderate. KuD—Kurth fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes; Proper planting depth and compaction are important. LeB—Latex fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes; Attention should be given to the possible leaching of MpA—Mollville-Besner complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes; fertilizers and chemicals when herbicides are used in MxA—Moten-Multey complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes; site preparation. Care should be taken in choosing SsA—Sawlit-Sawtown complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes; appropriate chemicals and application methods to and StD—Stringtown fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent reduce the possibility of contaminating ground water. slopes. Woodland Management Group 8. This group These soils are on uplands and stream terraces includes the Hainesville soils in map unit HaA— (some are on mounds) and have a high potential for Hainesville loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes. both pine and hardwoods. Common trees of the These soils are on sandy stream terraces and have a overstory include loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, post oak, high potential productivity for pine. Common trees of white oak, southern red oak, water oak, sweetgum, the overstory include loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, post white ash, and elm. Longleaf pine may be found on oak, southern red oak, white ash, and hickory. The 50- Stringtown soils. The 50-year site index for loblolly pine year site index for loblolly pine averages 90 feet averages 90 feet (60 feet on a 25-year curve), but (approximately 60 feet on a 25-year curve), but ranges ranges from 85 to 100 feet. The yield from an from 85 to 95 feet depending on slope position. The unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine over a 50- yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine year period is approximately 330 board feet (Doyle over a 50-year period is approximately 330 board feet Rule) or 90 cubic feet per acre per year. Management (Doyle Rule) or 90 cubic feet per acre per year. can substantially increase this yield. Management can substantially increase this yield. The problems associated with these soils are the Because these soils are loose when dry, access and somewhat limited access and the equipment operability equipment operability are poor during dry periods when during wet periods when rutting can be a moderate rutting is possible. However, these soils are well suited concern. Short-term restrictions may be necessary for access and equipment operability during wet during these times. Also, steeper slopes may occur in periods. These soils are well suited to use as roads and some map units, and in these areas, attention should log landings. Seedling mortality may be moderate to be given to minimizing erosion during road construction severe. Proper planting depth and compaction are and maintenance, as well as site preparation. important. Herbaceous weed control may be needed. Woodland Management Group 7. This group Attention should be given to the possible leaching of includes the Letney and Lovelady soils in map units fertilizers and chemicals when herbicides are used in LnB—Letney loamy sand, 1 to 5 percent slopes; site preparation. Care should be taken in choosing LvC—Lovelady loamy fine sand, 1 to 5 percent slopes; appropriate chemicals and application methods to and LvD—Lovelady loamy fine sand, 5 to 8 percent reduce the possibility of contaminating ground water. slopes. Woodland Management Group 9. This group These soils are on sandy uplands and have a high includes the Gladewater soils in map unit GwA— potential productivity for pine. Common trees of the Gladewater clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently overstory include loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, post oak, flooded. southern red oak, white ash, and hickory. Longleaf pine These soils are on flood plains and have a high may be found on the Letney soils. The 50-year site potential productivity for hardwoods. Common trees of index for loblolly pine ranges from 85 to 95 feet the overstory include water oak, willow oak, green ash, (approximately 57 to 64 feet on a 25-year curve). The sugarberry, elm, and sweetgum. Overcup oak may be yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine present on wetter sites. The 50-year site index for Trinity County, Texas 77

sweetgum and bottomland oaks averages 90 feet and herbicides in site preparation. Applications should not ranges from 80 to 100 feet depending on drainage and be made during wet periods. species. The yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of Woodland Management Group 11. This group sweetgum over a 50-year period is approximately 210 includes the Corrigan, Rosenwall, and Urland soils in board feet (Doyle Rule) per acre per year. Although map units CoB—Corrigan loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes; management can substantially increase this yield, it CoD—Corrigan loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes; RwB— should also include attention to streamside Rosenwall fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes; management zone practices to protect water quality. RwD—Rosenwall fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent Access and equipment operability are poor for long slopes; and UrB—Urland fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 periods due to flooding and wetness. It may be percent slopes. necessary to suspend harvesting and other operations These soils are on uplands and have a moderate during wet periods. Rutting during these operations can potential productivity for pine. Common trees of the be severe due to the low strength of these soils. overstory include loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, post oak, Flooding also makes these soils poorly suited to use as southern red oak, white oak, ash, sweetgum, elm, and log landings and roads. Road construction should be hickory. Longleaf pine, when within its range, also limited. Planting can be difficult due to wetness and the occurs on some of these soils. The 50-year index for sticky nature of these soils. Site preparation operations loblolly pine averages 85 feet (approximately 57 feet on should be limited to the dry months, and planting a 25-year curve) and ranges from 80 to 90 feet should be planned for the drier part of the planting depending on slope and slope position. The yield from season. Use of herbicides in site preparation must also an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine over a 50- include consideration of the possibility of flooding in year period is approximately 280 board feet (Doyle order to prevent the possible contamination of surface Rule) or 80 cubic feet per acre per year. Management waters. can substantially increase this yield. Woodland Management Group 10. This group Access and equipment operability are poor during includes the Alazan, Moten, Penning, and Sawlit soils in wet periods. Wet weather limitations may be necessary map units AaB—Alazan very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 to prevent rutting and excessive erosion. Low strength percent slopes; AbA—Alazan-Besner complex, 0 to 2 and stickiness make these soils only moderately suited percent slopes; MxA—Moten-Multey complex, 0 to 2 to use as roads and log landings. On steeper slopes, percent slopes; PeB—Penning very fine sandy loam, 0 the potential for erosion is greater, site disturbance to 2 percent slopes; and SsA—Sawlit-Sawtown should be minimized, and control devices for roads, complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes. such as water bars, should be installed. Revegetating These soils occur on uplands and stream terraces roads and log landings may also be necessary. Site and have a high potential productivity for both pine and preparation and tree planting operations are affected hardwoods. Common trees of the overstory include by the sticky nature of these soils when wet. Tree loblolly pine, water oak, white oak, cherrybark oak, ash, planting should be planned for the drier, early part of blackgum, and sweetgum. Shortleaf pine, as well as the planting season. Also, because clay occurs within post oak and red oak, may occur on drier sites. The 50- 10 inches of the surface, care must be taken to assure year site index for loblolly pine averages 90 feet proper planting depth. Subsoiling or ripping on the (approximately 60 feet on a 25-year curve), but can flatter slopes prior to planting may be needed. On steep range from 85 to 95 feet. For bottomland oaks, the site slopes, mechanical tree planting should be done on the index averages 80 feet. The yield from an unmanaged, contour. The moderate level of runoff on these soils natural stand of loblolly pine over a 50-year period is means precautions are necessary when using approximately 330 board feet (Doyle Rule) or 90 cubic herbicides in site preparation and release in order to feet per acre per year. Management can substantially prevent contamination of surface waters. increase this yield. Woodland Management Group 12. This group Access and equipment operability are poor during includes the Annona, Etoile, Herty, and Kellison soils in wet periods. It may be necessary to suspend harvesting map units AnB—Annona fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent and other operations during wet periods when rutting slopes; EtB—Etoile loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes; HeA— can be severe. Wetness and low strength also cause Herty loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; HeB—Herty loam, 1 moderate problems on these soils for log landings and to 3 percent slopes; and KcD—Kellison loam, 5 to 15 roads. Site preparation operations should be limited to percent slopes. the dry months, and planting should be planned for the These high shrink-swell soils are on stream terraces drier part of the planting season. Slow drainage and and uplands and have a moderate potential productivity the high water table must be considered when using for pine. Common trees of the overstory include loblolly 78 Soil Survey

pine, shortleaf pine, post oak, southern red oak, water to prevent rutting and excessive erosion. Low strength oak, white oak, ash, sweetgum, elm, and hickory. The and stickiness make these soils only moderately suited 50-year site index for loblolly pine averages between 80 to use as roads and log landings. Site preparation and and 85 feet (approximately 55 to 57 feet on a 25-year tree planting operations are affected by the sticky curve). The yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of nature of these soils when wet. Site preparation should loblolly pine over a 50-year period is approximately 280 be planned for the drier part of the year. Tree planting board feet (Doyle Rule) or 80 cubic feet per acre per should be planned for the drier, early part of the year. Although management can substantially increase planting season. Mechanical tree planting on steeper this yield, trees on these soils tend to have poor form. slopes should be done on the contour. Also, because Therefore, a short rotation management scheme may clay occurs within 10 inches of the surface, care must be considered. be taken to assure proper planting depth. The very Access and equipment operability are poor during slow permeability of these soils means precautions are wet periods. Wet weather limitations may be necessary necessary when using herbicides in site preparation to prevent rutting and excessive erosion. Low strength and release in order to prevent contamination of and stickiness make these soils only moderately suited surface waters. Very slow permeability and slightly high to use as roads and log landings. On steeper slopes, pH may also cause a moderate to severe level of the potential for erosion is greater, site disturbance seedling mortality. should be minimized, and control devices for roads, Woodland Management Group 14. This group such as water bars, should be installed. Revegetating includes the Laska soils in map units ClA—Colita-Laska roads and log landings may also be necessary. Site complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, and LaB—Laska fine preparation and tree planting operations are affected sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. by the sticky nature of these soils when wet. Site These soils are on uplands and have a moderate preparation should be planned for the drier part of the potential productivity for pine. Common trees of the year. Tree planting should be planned for the drier, overstory include loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, post oak, early part of the planting season. Mechanical tree white oak, southern red oak, water oak, sweetgum, planting on steeper slopes should be done on the white ash, and elm. The 50-year site index for loblolly contour. Also, because clay occurs within 10 inches of pine averages 80 feet (55 feet on a 25-year curve). The the surface, care must be taken to assure proper yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine planting depth. The very slow permeability of these over a 50-year period is approximately 230 board feet soils means precautions are necessary when using (Doyle Rule) or 75 cubic feet per acre per year. herbicides in site preparation and release in order to Management can substantially increase this yield. prevent contamination of surface waters. Very slow These soils have few soil-related problems. Access permeability may also cause a moderate level of and equipment operability may be somewhat limited seedling mortality. during wet periods when rutting can be a moderate Woodland Management Group 13. This group concern. Short-term restrictions may be necessary includes the Garner soils in map unit GaA—Garner clay, during these times. Low strength makes these soils 0 to 1 percent slopes. moderately suited for road construction material and to These high shrink-swell soils are on stream terraces use as roads. and, although the Garner soil is a “blackland soil,” pine Woodland Management Group 15. This group trees have encroached upon them. These soils have a includes the Tehran soils in map unit TeD—Tehran moderate potential productivity for pine, but the high pH loamy sand, 5 to 15 percent slopes. may make establishment difficult. Common trees of the These soils are on sandy uplands and have a overstory include loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, post oak, moderate potential productivity for pine. Common trees southern red oak, water oak, ash, elm, and hickory. of the overstory include loblolly pine, longleaf pine, The 50-year site index for loblolly pine averages 80 feet shortleaf pine, post oak, southern red oak, elm, and (approximately 55 feet on a 25-year curve). The yield hickory. The 50-year site index for loblolly pine from an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine over averages 85 feet (57 feet on a 25-year curve). The a 50-year period is approximately 230 board feet (Doyle yield from a natural, unmanaged stand of loblolly pine Rule) or 75 cubic feet per acre per year. Although over a 50-year period is approximately 280 board feet management can substantially increase this yield, trees (Doyle Rule) or 80 cubic feet per acre per year. on these soils tend to have poor form. Therefore, a Management can substantially increase this yield. short rotation management scheme may be considered. Because these soils are loose when dry, access and Access and equipment operability are poor during equipment operability are very poor during dry periods wet periods. Wet weather limitations may be necessary when rutting is possible. However, these soils are well Trinity County, Texas 79

suited for access and equipment operability during wet green ash, elm, and sweetgum. Shortleaf pine may periods. These soils are well suited to use as roads and occur on drier sites. The 50-year site index for loblolly log landings, but can have erosion problems on steeper pine averages 85 feet (approximately 57 feet on a 25- slopes. Adequate water-control devices, such as wing year curve), but can range from 80 to 95 feet ditches and water bars, should be installed on the depending on drainage. The yield from an unmanaged, steeper slopes. Seedling mortality may be moderate. natural stand of loblolly pine over a 50-year period is Proper planting depth and compaction are important. approximately 280 board feet (Doyle Rule) or 80 cubic Herbaceous weed control may be needed. Attention feet per acre per year. Management can substantially should be given to the possible leaching of fertilizers increase this yield. and chemicals when herbicides are used in site Access and equipment operability on these soils are preparation. Care should be taken in choosing poor during wet periods due to saturation. It may be appropriate chemicals and application methods to necessary to suspend harvesting and other operations prevent the possibility of contaminating ground water. during wet periods when rutting can occur. In addition, Woodland Management Group 16. This group these soils are fair for access and equipment operability includes the Mollville soils in map unit MpA—Mollville- during dry periods due to their loose, dusty nature. Besner complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes. Attention should be given to suitable soil moisture for These soils are on level to depressional positions on site preparation operations. Wetness from the high stream terraces. Ponding of water is common during water table also makes these soils poorly suited to use wet months. These soils have a moderate potential as log landings and roads. Raising and crowning the productivity for both pine and hardwoods. Common roadbed is necessary, and care must be taken to avoid trees of the overstory include loblolly pine, willow oak, interrupting the natural drainage. Poor drainage and cherrybark oak, green ash, elm, and sweetgum. The the seasonal high water table must be considered when 50-year site index for loblolly pine averages between 80 using herbicides in site preparation. Wetness may and 85 feet (approximately 55 to 57 feet on a 25-year cause a moderate level of seedling mortality. Care must curve), but can range from 75 to 90 feet depending on be taken to ensure proper planting depths on these drainage. The 50-year site index for bottomland oaks soils. “J-rooting” is a common problem. These soils can ranges from 75 to 80 feet. The yield from an be erodible due particularly to rutting or road unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine over a 50- construction. Disturbance should be minimized, and year period is approximately 250 board feet (Doyle control devices for roads, such as water bars, should Rule) or 80 cubic feet per acre per year. Management be installed. Revegetating roads and log landings may can substantially increase this yield. also be necessary. Access and equipment operability on these soils are Woodland Management Group 18. This group poor during wet periods when rutting can occur due to includes the Eastham soils in map units EaA—Eastham saturation. It may be necessary to suspend harvesting clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, and EaB—Eastham clay, 2 to and other operations for long periods. Wetness also 5 percent slopes. makes these soils poorly suited to use as log landings These soils are on stream terraces. The high pH and roads. Low strength makes these soils moderately makes these soils best suited for management of suited for road construction. Raising and crowning the hardwoods only. These soils have a low potential roadbed is necessary, and care must be taken to avoid productivity for pine. Common trees of the overstory interrupting the natural drainage. Site preparation include green ash, water oak, post oak, hackberry, and operations should be limited to the dry months, and elm. In some areas, pine trees may have encroached planting should be planned for the drier part of the upon these soils. The 50-year site index for water oak planting season. Poor drainage and the seasonal high averages 70 feet. The high shrink-swell property of water table must be considered when using herbicides these soils causes trees to have poor form. in site preparation. Wetness may cause a moderate Access and equipment operability are poor during level of seedling mortality. Bedding may be needed. wet periods due to the clayey surface. Wet weather Woodland Management Group 17. This group limitations may be necessary to prevent rutting and includes the Fuller soils in map unit FuA—Fuller fine excessive erosion. Low strength and stickiness make sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, and FuB—Fuller fine road construction and maintenance difficult. During sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. road design and layout, attention must be given to These soils are on uplands and have a moderate avoid flat areas and to avoid interrupting natural potential productivity for both pine and hardwoods. drainageways. On steeper slopes, the potential for Common trees of the overstory include loblolly pine, erosion is greater, site disturbance should be shortleaf pine, water oak, white oak, cherrybark oak, minimized, and control devices for roads, such as water 80 Soil Survey

bars, should be installed. Revegetating roads and log year period is approximately 130 board feet (Doyle landings may also be needed. The slow permeability of Rule) or 50 cubic feet per acre per year. Management these soils means precautions are necessary when can substantially increase this yield. using herbicides in site preparation and release in order Access and equipment operability on these soils are to prevent contamination of surface waters. poor for much of the year due to the presence of a high Woodland Management Group 19. This group water table. It may be necessary to suspend harvesting includes the Kitterll soils in map units KiB—Kitterll fine and other operations during wet periods when rutting sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, and KiD—Kitterll- can occur. Wetness also makes these soils poorly suited Browndell complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes. to use as log landings and roads. Low strength makes These shallow soils are on uplands and have a low these soils moderately suited for road construction to moderate potential productivity for pine. Common material. Road construction must include raising and trees of the overstory include loblolly pine, shortleaf crowning the surface. Site preparation operations pine, post oak, southern red oak, white oak, ash, elm, should be limited to the dry months, and planting and hickory. When within its range, longleaf pine may should be planned for the drier part of the planting also be present. The 50-year site index for loblolly pine season. Poor drainage and the seasonal high water averages between 70 and 75 feet (approximately 50 to table must be considered when using herbicides in site 53 feet on a 25-year curve). The yield from an preparation, and applications should not be made unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine over a 50- during wet periods. Wetness may cause a moderate year period is approximately 130 board feet (Doyle level of pine seedling mortality. Rule) or 50 cubic feet per acre per year. Although management can increase this yield, trees growing on Forest Productivity and Management these soils tend to be of poor form. Access and equipment operability are moderate to The tables in this section can help forest owners or poor depending on slope, stoniness, and depth of soil. managers plan the use of soils for wood crops. They Stoniness and slope make these soils poorly suited to show the potential productivity of the soils for wood use as roads and log landings. On steeper slopes, the crops and rate the soils according to the limitations that potential for erosion is high, site disturbance should be affect various aspects of forest management. minimized, and these soils should be avoided when Forest Productivity selecting road locations. If roads are built on these soils, water control devices, such as water bars, are In table 6, the potential productivity of merchantable needed. Revegetating disturbed areas may also be or common trees on a soil is expressed as a site index necessary. Mechanical operations for site preparation and as a volume number. The site index is the average and tree planting should be avoided. Because clay or height, in feet, that dominant and codominant trees of a bedrock occurs within inches of the surface, care must given species attain in a specified number of years. The be taken during tree planting to assure proper planting site index applies to fully stocked, even-aged, depth; otherwise, moderate to severe seedling unmanaged stands. Commonly grown trees are those mortality may occur. The high level of runoff on these that forest managers generally favor in intermediate or soils means precautions are necessary when using improvement cuttings. They are selected on the basis herbicides in site preparation and release in order to of growth rate, quality, value, and marketability. More prevent contamination of surface waters. detailed information regarding site index is available in Woodland Management Group 20. This group the “National Forestry Manual,” which is available in includes the Colita soils in map units CaA—Colita fine local offices of the Natural Resources Conservation sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; CaB—Colita fine Service or on the Internet. sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes; and ClA—Colita- The volume of wood fiber, a number, is the yield Laska complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes. likely to be produced by the most important tree These soils are on depressional to gently sloping species. This number, expressed as cubic feet per acre positions on uplands and have a low to moderate per year and calculated at the age of culmination of the potential productivity for both pine and hardwoods. mean annual increment (CMAI), indicates the amount Common trees of the overstory include loblolly pine, of fiber produced in a fully stocked, even-aged, water oak, willow oak, green ash, elm, blackgum, and unmanaged stand. sweetgum. The 50-year site index for loblolly pine Trees to manage are those that are preferred for averages between 70 and 75 feet (approximately 50 to planting, seeding, or natural regeneration and those 53 feet on a 25-year curve). The yield from an that remain in the stand after thinning or partial unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine over a 50- harvest. Trinity County, Texas 81

Forest Management limitations can cause some difficulty in construction, and severe indicates that one or more limitations can In tables 7a and 7b, interpretive ratings are given for make construction very difficult or very costly. various aspects of forest management. The ratings are The ratings of suitability for log landings are based both verbal and numerical. on slope, rock fragments on the surface, plasticity Some rating class terms indicate the degree to index, content of sand, the Unified classification, depth which the soils are suited to a specified forest to a water table, ponding, flooding, and the hazard of management practice. Well suited indicates that the soil soil slippage. The soils are described as well suited, has features that are favorable for the specified moderately suited, or poorly suited to use as log practice and has no limitations. Good performance can landings. be expected, and little or no maintenance is needed. Ratings in the column soil rutting hazard are based Moderately well suited indicates that the soil has on depth to a water table, rock fragments on or below features that are moderately favorable for the specified the surface, the Unified classification, depth to a practice. One or more soil properties are less than restrictive layer, and slope. Ruts form as a result of the desirable, and fair performance can be expected. Some operation of forest equipment. The hazard is described maintenance is needed. Poorly suited indicates that the as slight, moderate, or severe. A rating of slight soil has one or more properties that are unfavorable for indicates that the soil is subject to little or no rutting, the specified practice. Overcoming the unfavorable moderate indicates that rutting is likely, and severe properties requires special design, extra maintenance, indicates that ruts form readily. and costly alteration. Unsuited indicates that the Ratings in the column hazard of off-road or off-trail expected performance of the soil is unacceptable for erosion are based on slope and on soil erodibility factor the specified practice or that extreme measures are K. The soil loss is caused by sheet or rill erosion in off- needed to overcome the undesirable soil properties. road or off-trail areas where 50 to 75 percent of the Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity surface has been exposed by logging, grazing, mining, of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as or other kinds of disturbance. The hazard is described decimal fractions ranging from 0.00 to 1.00. They as slight, moderate, severe, or very severe. A rating of indicate gradations between the point at which a soil slight indicates that erosion is unlikely under ordinary feature has the greatest negative impact on the climatic conditions; moderate indicates that some specified forest management practice (1.00) and the erosion is likely and that erosion-control measures may point at which the soil feature is not a limitation (0.00). be needed; severe indicates that erosion is very likely Rating class terms for fire damage and seedling and that erosion-control measures, including mortality are expressed as low, moderate, and high. revegetation of bare areas, are advised; and very Where these terms are used, the numerical ratings severe indicates that significant erosion is expected, indicate gradations between the point at which the loss of soil productivity and off-site damage are likely, potential for fire damage or seedling mortality is and erosion-control measures are costly and generally highest (1.00) and the point at which the potential is impractical. lowest (0.00). Ratings in the column hazard of erosion on roads The paragraphs that follow indicate the soil and trails are based on the soil erodibility factor K, properties considered in rating the soils for forest slope, and content of rock fragments. The ratings apply management practices. More detailed information to unsurfaced roads and trails. The hazard is described about the criteria used in the ratings is available in the as slight, moderate, or severe. A rating of slight “National Forestry Manual,” which is available in local indicates that little or no erosion is likely; moderate offices of the Natural Resources Conservation Service indicates that some erosion is likely, that the roads or or on the Internet. trails may require occasional maintenance; and that For limitations affecting construction of haul roads simple erosion-control measures are needed; and and log landings, the ratings are based on slope, severe indicates that significant erosion is expected, flooding, permafrost, plasticity index, the hazard of soil that the roads or trails require frequent maintenance, slippage, content of sand, the Unified classification, rock and that costly erosion-control measures are needed. fragments on or below the surface, depth to a Ratings in the column suitability for roads (natural restrictive layer that is indurated, depth to a water surface) are based on slope, rock fragments on the table, and ponding. The limitations are described as surface, plasticity index, content of sand, the Unified slight, moderate, or severe. A rating of slight indicates classification, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, that no significant limitations affect construction and the hazard of soil slippage. The ratings indicate the activities, moderate indicates that one or more suitability for using the natural surface of the soil for 82 Soil Survey

roads. The soils are described as well suited, The Davy Crockett National Forest offers vast moderately well suited, or poorly suited to this use. opportunities for hunting, fishing, canoeing, and hiking Ratings in the columns suitability for hand planting in natural surroundings. There are also areas in the and suitability for mechanical planting are based on National Forest that are ideal for bird watching. slope, depth to a restrictive layer, content of sand, The soils of the survey area are rated in table 8 plasticity index, rock fragments on or below the according to limitations that affect their suitability for surface, depth to a water table, and ponding. The soils recreation. The ratings are both verbal and numerical. are described as well suited, moderately well suited, Rating class terms indicate the extent to which the soils poorly suited, or unsuited to these methods of planting. are limited by all of the soil features that affect the It is assumed that necessary site preparation is recreational uses. Not limited indicates that the soil has completed before seedlings are planted. features that are very favorable for the specified use. Ratings in the column suitability for use of harvesting Good performance and very low maintenance can be equipment are based on slope, rock fragments on the expected. Slightly limited indicates that the soil has surface, plasticity index, content of sand, the Unified features that are favorable for the specified use. The classification, depth to a water table, and ponding. The limitations are minor and can be easily overcome. Good soils are described as well suited, moderately well performance and low maintenance can be expected. suited, or poorly suited to this use. Somewhat limited indicates that the soil has features Ratings in the column suitability for mechanical site that are moderately favorable for the specified use. The preparation (surface) are based on slope, depth to a limitations can be overcome or minimized by special restrictive layer, plasticity index, rock fragments on or planning, design, or installation. Fair performance and below the surface, depth to a water table, and ponding. moderate maintenance can be expected. Very limited The soils are described as well suited, poorly suited, or indicates that the soil has one or more features that are unsuited to this management activity. The part of the unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations soil from the surface to a depth of about 1 foot is generally cannot be overcome without major soil considered in the ratings. reclamation, special design, or expensive installation Ratings in the column suitability for mechanical site procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance preparation (deep) are based on slope, depth to a can be expected. restrictive layer, rock fragments on or below the Numerical ratings in the table indicate the severity of surface, depth to a water table, and ponding. The soils individual limitations. The ratings are shown as decimal are described as well suited, poorly suited, or unsuited fractions ranging from 0.00 to 1.00. They indicate to this management activity. The part of the soil from gradations between the point at which a soil feature the surface to a depth of about 3 feet is considered in has the greatest negative impact on the use (1.00) and the ratings. the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation Ratings in the column potential for seedling mortality (0.00). are based on flooding, ponding, depth to a water table, The ratings in the table are based on restrictive soil content of lime, reaction, salinity, available water features, such as wetness, slope, and texture of the capacity, soil moisture regime, soil temperature regime, surface layer. Susceptibility to flooding is considered. aspect, and slope. The soils are described as having a Not considered in the ratings, but important in low, moderate, or high potential for seedling mortality. evaluating a site, are the location and accessibility of the area, the size and shape of the area and its scenic Recreation quality, vegetation, access to water, potential water impoundment sites, and access to public sewer lines. Trinity County has the wildlife, water areas, and the The capacity of the soil to absorb septic tank effluent aesthetic characteristics of the Pineywoods. About 90 and the ability of the soil to support vegetation also are percent of the county is used for recreational activities, important. Soils that are subject to flooding are limited including camping, swimming, boating, golfing, hunting, for recreational uses by the duration and intensity of fishing, picnicking, and hiking (fig. 9). The county flooding and the season when flooding occurs. In provides many opportunities for photography. It has planning recreational facilities, onsite assessment of the several youth and church camps for outdoor education. height, duration, intensity, and frequency of flooding is Lake Livingston, the Trinity River, the Neches River, essential. and numerous creeks and small water impoundments The information in table 8 can be supplemented by provide opportunities for water recreation. In the other information in this survey, for example, spring, flowering dogwood, redbud, clover, and interpretations for building site development, wildflowers add color to the forests and open areas. Trinity County, Texas 83

Figure 9.—A golf course in an area of terrace soils near the Trinity River. construction materials, sanitary facilities, and water the main concerns affecting the development of camp management. areas. Camp areas require site preparation, such as The soil properties that affect the performance of shaping and leveling the tent and parking areas, the areas after development are those that influence stabilizing roads and intensively used areas, and trafficability and promote the growth of vegetation, installing sanitary facilities and utility lines. Camp areas especially in heavily used areas. For good trafficability, are subject to heavy foot traffic and some vehicular the surface of camp areas should absorb rainfall traffic. The ratings are based on the soil properties that readily, remain firm under heavy foot traffic, and not be affect the ease of developing camp areas and the dusty when dry. The soil properties that influence performance of the areas after development. Slope, trafficability are texture of the surface layer, depth to a stoniness, and depth to bedrock or a cemented pan are water table, ponding, flooding, permeability, and large 84 Soil Survey

stones. The soil properties that affect the growth of growth and trafficability after vegetation is established. plants are depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, The properties that affect plant growth are reaction; permeability, and toxic substances in the soil. depth to a water table; ponding; depth to bedrock or a Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most cemented pan; the available water capacity in the vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and parking upper 40 inches; the content of salts, sodium, or areas. The ratings are based on the soil properties that calcium carbonate; and sulfidic materials. The affect the ease of developing picnic areas and that properties that affect trafficability are flooding, depth to influence trafficability and the growth of vegetation a water table, ponding, slope, stoniness, and the after development. Slope and stoniness are the main amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the surface concerns affecting the development of picnic areas. For layer. The suitability of the soil for traps, tees, roughs, good trafficability, the surface of picnic areas should and greens is not considered in the ratings. absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under heavy foot traffic, and not be dusty when dry. The soil properties Wildlife Habitat that influence trafficability are texture of the surface layer, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, Bill Deauman, zone wildlife biologist, Natural Resources permeability, and large stones. The soil properties that Conservation Service, helped prepare this section. affect the growth of plants are depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, permeability, and toxic substances in the Trinity County has valuable fish and wildlife soil. resources. The Trinity and Neches Rivers, Lake Playgrounds require soils that are nearly level, are Livingston, and other small streams, lakes, and water free of stones, and can withstand intensive foot traffic. impoundments provide habitat for wildlife. The The ratings are based on the soil properties that affect abundance of water furnishes a haven for fish, the ease of developing playgrounds and that influence waterfowl, shorebirds, and aquatic mammals. The soils trafficability and the growth of vegetation after in the county are unique to east Texas. Remnants of development. Slope and stoniness are the main volcanic ash deposits have left a few seasonally wet concerns affecting the development of playgrounds. For soils high in some mineral elements. good trafficability, the surface of the playgrounds should History absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under heavy foot traffic, and not be dusty when dry. The soil properties Early settlers found the county to be overflowing with that influence trafficability are texture of the surface wildlife. The Honorable David H. Hamilton, a respected layer, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, citizen of Trinity County since 1853, says in the Trinity permeability, and large stones. The soil properties that County News of October 7, 1927, referring to wildlife affect the growth of plants are depth to bedrock or a resources: cemented pan, permeability, and toxic substances in the “It is probably not safe to enter upon a discussion of soil. the hunting and fishing possibilities of that early day. Paths and trails for hiking and horseback riding The angler of this day would be apt to think a should require little or no slope modification through description of the paradise that existed at this early cutting and filling. The ratings are based on the soil time merely the result of an over worked imagination, if properties that affect trafficability and erodibility. These not downright prevarication. The forests were literally properties are stoniness, depth to a water table, filled with all kinds of game, deer, bear, panthers, ponding, flooding, slope, and texture of the surface wolves, bobcats—in fact every thing that one would layer. care to hunt for pelt, fur or food. The streams were Off-road motorcycle trails require little or no site filled with fish the mere mention of which makes one preparation. They are not covered with surfacing long for the good old days again. Hogs were introduced material or vegetation. Considerable compaction of the to the timberlands of the county early in its soil material is likely. The ratings are based on the soil development. The Piney-wood Rooter is described as properties that influence erodibility, trafficability, having a long body and grows to a height of nearly two dustiness, and the ease of revegetation. These feet; his hair is long and when he is frightened, it properties are stoniness, slope, depth to a water table, stands erect on his back. He has a long head with ponding, flooding, and texture of the surface layer. narrow ears and snout that comes almost to point Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and nearly a foot from his eyes. The woods are his home, some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be and it is difficult to domesticate him.” required. Irrigation is not considered in the ratings. The Around 1880 the logging business entered into the ratings are based on the soil properties that affect plant virgin forest of Trinity County. The forest was Trinity County, Texas 85

systematically cut down. By 1930, logging camps were The birth of the Soil Conservation Service (currently all but closed. The “Cut Out and Get Out” system of Natural Resources Conservation Service) in the late forestry left the habitat for many species in shambles. 1930’s began a new era in the history of agriculture. Thousands of animals had been harvested to feed Trees and improved grasses were planted and gullies families and logging camp workers. The forest, along were repaired. In the early 1960’s, the Texas Parks and with much of the wildlife had been decimated. The Wildlife Department began releasing deer into Trinity white-tailed deer population dwindled to small remnant County and neighboring Houston County. In the mid- herds. Gone were the black bear, gray wolf, eastern 1980’s through the present, the release of eastern wild turkey, cougars, buffalo, beaver, and white-tailed deer. turkey by Texas Parks and Wildlife has met with limited Little is known of species of animals that may have success. disappeared. What had taken thousands of years to Present develop was devastated in a mere 50 years. Farming made a short entry in the history of Trinity Many of the soils in Trinity County are suitable for County. Cotton was king for a very short time. The soils small damless pond constructions. Lake Livingston was in the county are best suited to other land uses. constructed by damming the Trinity River. Depression relief began around 1935 with roads being Soils are generally sandy loam or loam, but are built and trees being planted on thousands of capable of holding water because of their volcanic ash deforested acres of the Davy Crockett National Forest. origin. Ponds, small lakes, and large impoundments are

Figure 10.—A pasture with crawfish mounds in an area of Fuller fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. 86 Soil Survey

stocked and managed for largemouth bass, channel areas of critical habitat are being managed for the bird catfish, blue catfish, and bluegill. Many ponds are (fig. 11). stocked with channel catfish and flathead minnows to The growth of wildlife in the county is fairly static. provide food and recreation. Other species found in Monoculture of southern yellow pines, improved streams include freshwater drum, flathead catfish, grasses, and land use changes slowly diminish wildlife carp, gar, bowfin, buffalo fish, white bass, gizzard shad, habitat. This is a common event throughout the various sunfish, and white and black crappie. Many of southern United States. Trinity County is known for the these species find their way into numerous unmanaged tremendous antlers grown by white-tailed deer. This is ponds and lakes. partly due to the unique soils, wildlife management of The quality of water in ponds is as variable as the timber companies and private landowners, and soils. Some ponds are acidic and require liming, while genetics. Nearly the entire county is used for hunting. other ponds have high pH values, probably because of Many acres are leased for hunting. Timber companies the inherent salts in the soils. Submerged and floating lease and manage much of their ownership for hunting. aquatic weeds pose some problems in areas of clear Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that is water. Little aquaculture exists in Trinity County. Catfish available to wildlife as food and cover. They also affect culture has been tried on a large scale, but currently the construction of water impoundments. The kind and there are no large producers. abundance of wildlife depend largely on the amount Worth mentioning is a persevering little crustacean and distribution of food, cover, and water. Wildlife known as the prairie crawfish. These animals are habitat can be created or improved by planting adapted to the seasonal wet soils over much of the appropriate vegetation, by maintaining the existing county. Their mounds and excavation wreak havoc with plant cover, or by promoting the natural establishment farm machinery and grass production (fig. 10). of desirable plants. The major game species in the county include white- In table 9, the soils in the survey area are rated tailed deer, bobwhite quail, mourning dove, fox, gray according to their potential for providing habitat for squirrels, and ducks. Raccoon, opossum, skunks, various kinds of wildlife. This information can be used armadillo, cottontail rabbit, swamp rabbit, numerous in planning parks, wildlife refuges, nature study areas, rodents, and songbirds inhabit the county. Common and other developments for wildlife; in selecting soils predators are coyote, gray fox, red fox, and bobcat. that are suitable for establishing, improving, or Many species of reptiles and amphibians inhabit the maintaining specific elements of wildlife habitat; and in county. The best known of these are the cottonmouth, determining the intensity of management needed for copperhead, coral snake, timber rattler, water snake, each element of the habitat. green bullfrog, tree frog, and snapping turtle. The The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or American alligator inhabits some wetland areas, very poor. A rating of good indicates that the element or sloughs, and lakes in the county, mostly along the kind of habitat is easily established, improved, or Neches and Trinity Rivers. maintained. Few or no limitations affect management, During migration periods, ducks, such as teals, and satisfactory results can be expected. A rating of fair mallards, gadwalls, widgeons, shovelers, and pintails, indicates that the element or kind of habitat can be and several species of geese use wetlands and fields established, improved, or maintained in most places. for feeding, resting, and roosting. Wood ducks are Moderately intensive management is required for found in the county throughout the year and nest in satisfactory results. A rating of poor indicates that natural cavities and man-made houses. limitations are severe for the designated element or Presently, there are three federally and/or state kind of habitat. Habitat can be created, improved, or listed endangered species and seven threatened animal maintained in most places, but management is difficult species in Trinity County. Endangered species include and must be intensive. A rating of very poor indicates American peregrine falcon, brown pelican, and red that restrictions for the element or kind of habitat are cockaded woodpecker. Threatened species include very severe and that unsatisfactory results can be arctic peregrine falcon, bald eagle, wood stork, white- expected. Creating, improving, or maintaining habitat is faced ibis, Rafinesque’s big-eared bat, timber impractical or impossible. rattlesnake, and the Louisiana pine snake. The bald The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the eagle nests along Lake Livingston. Currently, the timber following paragraphs. rattlesnake is being studied. More research is being Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and seed- done to help determine whether the snake actually is producing herbaceous plants. Soil properties and rare or just elusive. The red cockaded woodpecker is features that affect the growth of grain and seed crops being propagated by the U.S. Forest Service. Large are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer, Trinity County, Texas 87

Figure 11.—A site of improved habitat for the endangered red cockaded woodpecker in an area of Lovelady loamy fine sand, 1 to 5 percent slopes. 88 Soil Survey

available water capacity, wetness, slope, surface created by dams, levees, or other water-control stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and soil structures. Soil properties and features affecting moisture also are considerations. Examples of grain shallow water areas are depth to bedrock, wetness, and seed crops are corn, wheat, oats, and barley. surface stoniness, slope, and permeability. Examples of Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial shallow water areas are marshes, waterfowl feeding grasses and herbaceous legumes. Soil properties and areas, and ponds. features that affect the growth of grasses and legumes The habitat for various kinds of wildlife is described are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer, in the following paragraphs. available water capacity, wetness, surface stoniness, Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland, flooding, and slope. Soil temperature and soil moisture pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown with also are considerations. Examples of grasses and grasses, herbs, shrubs, and vines. These areas legumes are fescue, lovegrass, bromegrass, clover, and produce grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes, alfalfa. and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted to these Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally areas include bobwhite quail, pheasant, meadowlark, established grasses and forbs, including weeds. Soil field sparrow, cottontail, and red fox. properties and features that affect the growth of these Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of plants are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface deciduous and/or coniferous plants and associated layer, available water capacity, wetness, surface grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and soil attracted to these areas include wild turkey, ruffed moisture also are considerations. Examples of wild grouse, woodcock, thrushes, woodpeckers, squirrels, herbaceous plants are bluestem, goldenrod, gray fox, raccoon, deer, and bear. beggarweed, wheatgrass, and grama. Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, marshy Hardwood trees and woody understory produce nuts or swampy shallow water areas. Some of the wildlife or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and foliage. attracted to such areas are ducks, geese, herons, shore Soil properties and features that affect the growth of birds, muskrat, mink, and beaver. hardwood trees and shrubs are depth of the root zone, Habitat for rangeland wildlife consists of areas of available water capacity, and wetness. Examples of shrubs and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted to these plants are oak, poplar, cherry, sweetgum, apple, rangeland include antelope, deer, sage grouse, hawthorn, dogwood, hickory, blackberry, and blueberry. meadowlark, and lark bunting. Examples of fruit-producing shrubs that are suitable for planting on soils rated good are Russian-olive, autumn- Engineering olive, and crabapple. Coniferous plants furnish browse and seeds. Soil This section provides information for planning land properties and features that affect the growth of uses related to urban development and to water coniferous trees, shrubs, and ground cover are depth of management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the the root zone, available water capacity, and wetness. most limiting features are identified. Ratings are given Examples of coniferous plants are pine, spruce, fir, for building site development, sanitary facilities, cedar, and juniper. construction materials, and water management. The Shrubs are bushy woody plants that produce fruit, ratings are based on observed performance of the soils buds, twigs, bark, and foliage. Soil properties and and on the data in the tables described under the features that affect the growth of shrubs are depth of heading “Soil Properties.” the root zone, available water capacity, salinity, and soil Information in this section is intended for land use moisture. Examples of shrubs are mountainmahogany, planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for bitterbrush, snowberry, and big sagebrush. planning site investigations prior to design and Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild construction. The information, however, has limitations. herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites. For example, estimates and other data generally apply Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded. Soil only to that part of the soil between the surface and a properties and features affecting wetland plants are depth of 5 to 7 feet. Because of the map scale, small texture of the surface layer, wetness, reaction, salinity, areas of different soils may be included within the slope, and surface stoniness. Examples of wetland mapped areas of a specific soil. plants are smartweed, wild millet, wildrice, saltgrass, The information is not site specific and does not cordgrass, rushes, sedges, and reeds. eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils Shallow water areas have an average depth of less or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in than 5 feet. Some are naturally wet areas. Others are the design and construction of engineering works. Trinity County, Texas 89

Government ordinances and regulations that restrict evaluated. The suitability of the material for specific certain land uses or impose specific design criteria purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors that affect were not considered in preparing the information in this excavation of the material. The properties used to section. Local ordinances and regulations should be evaluate the soil as a source of sand or gravel are considered in planning, in site selection, and in design. gradation of grain sizes (as indicated by the Unified Soil properties, site features, and observed classification of the soil), the thickness of suitable performance were considered in determining the material, and the content of rock fragments. If the ratings in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil bottom layer of the soil contains sand or gravel, the soil survey, determinations were made about particle-size is considered a likely source regardless of thickness. distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction, The assumption is that the sand or gravel layer below depth to bedrock, hardness of bedrock within 5 to 7 the depth of observation exceeds the minimum feet of the surface, soil wetness, depth to a water thickness. table, ponding, slope, likelihood of flooding, natural soil The soils are rated good, fair, or poor as potential structure aggregation, and soil density. Data were sources of sand and gravel. A rating of good or fair collected about kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of means that the source material is likely to be in or the sand and silt fractions, and the kinds of adsorbed below the soil. The bottom layer and the thickest layer cations. Estimates were made for erodibility, of the soils are assigned numerical ratings. These permeability, corrosivity, shrink-swell potential, available ratings indicate the likelihood that the layer is a source water capacity, and other behavioral characteristics of sand or gravel. The number 0.00 indicates that the affecting engineering uses. layer is a poor source. The number 1.00 indicates that This information can be used to evaluate the the layer is a good source. A number between 0.00 and potential of areas for residential, commercial, 1.00 indicates the degree to which the layer is a likely industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary source. estimates of construction conditions; evaluate The soils are rated good, fair, or poor as potential alternative routes for roads, streets, highways, sources of topsoil, reclamation material, and roadfill. pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate alternative The features that limit the soils as sources of these sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank absorption fields, materials are specified in the table. The numerical and sewage lagoons; plan detailed onsite investigations ratings given after the specified features indicate the of soils and geology; locate potential sources of gravel, degree to which the features limit the soils as sources sand, earthfill, and topsoil; plan drainage systems, of topsoil, reclamation material, or roadfill. The lower irrigation systems, ponds, terraces, and other the number, the greater the limitation. structures for soil and water conservation; and predict Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation performance of proposed small structures and can be established and maintained. The upper 40 pavements by comparing the performance of existing inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also similar structures on the same or similar soils. evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow The information in the tables, along with the soil area. The ratings are based on the soil properties that maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided in affect plant growth; the ease of excavating, loading, this survey, can be used to make additional and spreading the material; and reclamation of the interpretations. borrow area. Toxic substances, soil reaction, and the Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a properties that are inferred from soil texture, such as special meaning in soil science and are defined in the available water capacity and fertility, affect plant Glossary. growth. The ease of excavating, loading, and spreading is affected by rock fragments, slope, depth to a water Construction Materials table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable material. Table 10 gives information about the soils as Reclamation of the borrow area is affected by slope, potential sources of gravel, sand, topsoil, reclamation depth to a water table, rock fragments, depth to material, and roadfill. Normal compaction, minor bedrock or a cemented pan, and toxic material. processing, and other standard construction practices The surface layer of most soils is generally preferred are assumed. for topsoil because of its organic matter content. Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable for Organic matter greatly increases the absorption and commercial use with a minimum of processing. They retention of moisture and nutrients for plant growth. are used in many kinds of construction. Specifications Reclamation material is used in areas that have been for each use vary widely. In the table, only the drastically disturbed by surface mining or similar likelihood of finding material in suitable quantity is activities. When these areas are reclaimed, layers of 90 Soil Survey

soil material or unconsolidated geological material, or that the soil has one or more features that are both, are replaced in a vertical sequence. The unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations reconstructed soil favors plant growth. The ratings in generally cannot be overcome without major soil the table do not apply to quarries and other mined reclamation, special design, or expensive installation areas that require an offsite source of reconstruction procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance material. The ratings are based on the soil properties can be expected. that affect erosion and stability of the surface and the Numerical ratings in the table indicate the severity of productive potential of the reconstructed soil. These individual limitations. The ratings are shown as decimal properties include the content of sodium, salts, and fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They indicate calcium carbonate; reaction; available water capacity; gradations between the point at which a soil feature erodibility; texture; content of rock fragments; and has the greatest negative impact on the use (1.00) and content of organic matter and other features that affect the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation fertility. (0.00). Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one place Dwellings are single-family houses of three stories or and used in road embankments in another place. In the less. For dwellings without basements, the foundation table, the soils are rated as a source of roadfill for low is assumed to consist of spread footings of reinforced embankments, generally less than 6 feet high and less concrete built on undisturbed soil at a depth of 2 feet or exacting in design than higher embankments. at the depth of maximum frost penetration, whichever The ratings are for the whole soil, from the surface is deeper. For dwellings with basements, the foundation to a depth of about 5 feet. It is assumed that soil layers is assumed to consist of spread footings of reinforced will be mixed when the soil material is excavated and concrete built on undisturbed soil at a depth of about 7 spread. feet. The ratings for dwellings are based on the soil The ratings are based on the amount of suitable properties that affect the capacity of the soil to support material and on soil properties that affect the ease of a load without movement and on the properties that excavation and the performance of the material after it affect excavation and construction costs. The properties is in place. The thickness of the suitable material is a that affect the load-supporting capacity include depth to major consideration. The ease of excavation is affected a water table, ponding, flooding, subsidence, linear by large stones, depth to a water table, and slope. How extensibility (shrink-swell potential), and compressibility. well the soil performs in place after it has been Compressibility is inferred from the Unified compacted and drained is determined by its strength classification. The properties that affect the ease and (as inferred from the AASHTO classification of the soil) amount of excavation include depth to a water table, and linear extensibility (shrink-swell potential). ponding, flooding, slope, depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented Building Site Development pan, and the amount and size of rock fragments. Soil properties influence the development of building Small commercial buildings are structures that are sites, including the selection of the site, the design of less than three stories high and do not have the structure, construction, performance after basements. The foundation is assumed to consist of construction, and maintenance. Table 11 shows the spread footings of reinforced concrete built on degree and kind of soil limitations that affect dwellings undisturbed soil at a depth of 2 feet or at the depth of with and without basements, small commercial maximum frost penetration, whichever is deeper. The buildings, local roads and streets, shallow excavations, ratings are based on the soil properties that affect the and lawns and landscaping. capacity of the soil to support a load without movement The ratings in the table are both verbal and and on the properties that affect excavation and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent to construction costs. The properties that affect the load- which the soils are limited by all of the soil features that supporting capacity include depth to a water table, affect building site development. Not limited indicates ponding, flooding, subsidence, linear extensibility that the soil has features that are very favorable for the (shrink-swell potential), and compressibility (which is specified use. Good performance and very low inferred from the Unified classification). The properties maintenance can be expected. Somewhat limited that affect the ease and amount of excavation include indicates that the soil has features that are moderately flooding, depth to a water table, ponding, slope, depth favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be to bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or overcome or minimized by special planning, design, or a cemented pan, and the amount and size of rock installation. Fair performance and moderate fragments. maintenance can be expected. Very limited indicates Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface Trinity County, Texas 91

and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year. that are very favorable for the specified use. Good They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; a base performance and very low maintenance can be of gravel, crushed rock, or soil material stabilized by expected. Somewhat limited indicates that the soil has lime or cement; and a surface of flexible material features that are moderately favorable for the specified (asphalt), rigid material (concrete), or gravel with a use. The limitations can be overcome or minimized by binder. The ratings are based on the soil properties that special planning, design, or installation. Fair affect the ease of excavation and grading and the performance and moderate maintenance can be traffic-supporting capacity. The properties that affect expected. Very limited indicates that the soil has one or the ease of excavation and grading are depth to more features that are unfavorable for the specified bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a use. The limitations generally cannot be overcome cemented pan, depth to a water table, ponding, without major soil reclamation, special design, or flooding, the amount of large stones, and slope. The expensive installation procedures. Poor performance properties that affect the traffic-supporting capacity are and high maintenance can be expected. soil strength (as inferred from the AASHTO group index Numerical ratings in the table indicate the severity of number), subsidence, linear extensibility (shrink-swell individual limitations. The ratings are shown as decimal potential), the potential for frost action, depth to a fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They indicate water table, and ponding. gradations between the point at which a soil feature Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a has the greatest negative impact on the use (1.00) and maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for graves, utility lines, the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation open ditches, or other purposes. The ratings are based (0.00). on the soil properties that influence the ease of digging Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which and the resistance to sloughing. Depth to bedrock or a effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented through subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that pan, the amount of large stones, and dense layers part of the soil between depths of 24 and 60 inches is influence the ease of digging, filling, and compacting. evaluated. The ratings are based on the soil properties Depth to the seasonal high water table, flooding, and that affect absorption of the effluent, construction and ponding may restrict the period when excavations can maintenance of the system, and public health. be made. Slope influences the ease of using machinery. Permeability, depth to a water table, ponding, depth to Soil texture, depth to the water table, and linear bedrock or a cemented pan, and flooding affect extensibility (shrink-swell potential) influence the absorption of the effluent. Stones and boulders, ice, resistance to sloughing. and bedrock or a cemented pan interfere with Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf installation. Subsidence interferes with installation and and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established maintenance. Excessive slope may cause lateral and maintained. Irrigation is not considered in the seepage and surfacing of the effluent in downslope ratings. The ratings are based on the soil properties areas. that affect plant growth and trafficability after Some soils are underlain by loose sand and gravel or vegetation is established. The properties that affect fractured bedrock at a depth of less than 4 feet below plant growth are reaction; depth to a water table; the distribution lines. In these soils the absorption field ponding; depth to bedrock or a cemented pan; the may not adequately filter the effluent, particularly when available water capacity in the upper 40 inches; the the system is new. As a result, the ground water may content of salts, sodium, or calcium carbonate; and become contaminated. sulfidic materials. The properties that affect trafficability Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to are flooding, depth to a water table, ponding, slope, hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the stoniness, and the amount of sand, clay, or organic solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly matter in the surface layer. level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments of compacted soil. Nearly impervious soil material for the Sanitary Facilities lagoon floor and sides is required to minimize seepage Table 12 shows the degree and kind of soil and contamination of ground water. Considered in the limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields, ratings are slope, permeability, depth to a water table, sewage lagoons, sanitary landfills, and daily cover for ponding, depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, flooding, landfill. The ratings are both verbal and numerical. large stones, and content of organic matter. Rating class terms indicate the extent to which the soils Soil permeability is a critical property affecting the are limited by all of the soil features that affect these suitability for sewage lagoons. Most porous soils uses. Not limited indicates that the soil has features eventually become sealed when they are used as sites 92 Soil Survey

for sewage lagoons. Until sealing occurs, however, the highest content of organic matter, and the best potential hazard of pollution is severe. Soils that have a for plants. Material from the surface layer should be permeability rate of more than 2 inches per hour are stockpiled for use as the final cover. too porous for the proper functioning of sewage In an area sanitary landfill, solid waste is placed in lagoons. In these soils, seepage of the effluent can successive layers on the surface of the soil. The waste result in contamination of the ground water. Ground- is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a thin water contamination is also a hazard if fractured layer of soil from a source away from the site. A final bedrock is within a depth of 40 inches, if the water cover of soil material at least 2 feet thick is placed over table is high enough to raise the level of sewage in the the completed landfill. The ratings in the table are lagoon, or if floodwater overtops the lagoon. based on the soil properties that affect trafficability and A high content of organic matter is detrimental to the risk of pollution. These properties include flooding, proper functioning of the lagoon because it inhibits permeability, depth to a water table, ponding, slope, aerobic activity. Slope, bedrock, and cemented pans and depth to bedrock or a cemented pan. can cause construction problems, and large stones can Flooding is a serious problem because it can result in hinder compaction of the lagoon floor. If the lagoon is to pollution in areas downstream from the landfill. If be uniformly deep throughout, the slope must be gentle permeability is too rapid or if fractured bedrock, a enough and the soil material must be thick enough over fractured cemented pan, or the water table is close to bedrock or a cemented pan to make land smoothing the surface, the leachate can contaminate the water practical. supply. Slope is a consideration because of the extra A trench sanitary landfill is an area where solid grading required to maintain roads in the steeper areas waste is placed in successive layers in an excavated of the landfill. Also, leachate may flow along the trench. The waste is spread, compacted, and covered surface of the soils in the steeper areas and cause daily with a thin layer of soil excavated at the site. difficult seepage problems. When the trench is full, a final cover of soil material at Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is used least 2 feet thick is placed over the landfill. The ratings to cover compacted solid waste in an area sanitary in the table are based on the soil properties that affect landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite, transported the risk of pollution, the ease of excavation, to the landfill, and spread over the waste. The ratings trafficability, and revegetation. These properties include in the table also apply to the final cover for a landfill. permeability, depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, They are based on the soil properties that affect depth to a water table, ponding, slope, flooding, workability, the ease of digging, and the ease of moving texture, stones and boulders, highly organic layers, soil and spreading the material over the refuse daily during reaction, and content of salts and sodium. Unless wet and dry periods. These properties include soil otherwise stated, the ratings apply only to that part of texture, depth to a water table, ponding, rock the soil within a depth of about 6 feet. For deeper fragments, slope, depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, trenches, onsite investigation may be needed. reaction, and content of salts, sodium, or lime. Hard, nonrippable bedrock, creviced bedrock, or Loamy or silty soils that are free of large stones and highly permeable strata in or directly below the excess gravel are the best cover for a landfill. Clayey proposed trench bottom can affect the ease of soils may be sticky and difficult to spread; sandy soils excavation and the hazard of ground-water pollution. are subject to wind erosion. Slope affects construction of the trenches and the Slope affects the ease of excavation and of moving movement of surface water around the landfill. It also the cover material. Also, it can influence runoff, affects the construction and performance of roads in erosion, and reclamation of the borrow area. areas of the landfill. After soil material has been removed, the soil Soil texture and consistence affect the ease with material remaining in the borrow area must be thick which the trench is dug and the ease with which the enough over bedrock, a cemented pan, or the water soil can be used as daily or final cover. They determine table to permit revegetation. The soil material used as the workability of the soil when dry and when wet. Soils the final cover for a landfill should be suitable for that are plastic and sticky when wet are difficult to plants. It should not have excess sodium, salts, or lime excavate, grade, or compact and are difficult to place and should not be too acid. as a uniformly thick cover over a layer of refuse. Water Management The soil material used as the final cover for a trench landfill should be suitable for plants. It should not have Table 13 gives information on the soil properties and excess sodium or salts and should not be too acid. The site features that affect water management. The surface layer generally has the best workability, the degree and kind of soil limitations are given for pond Trinity County, Texas 93

reservoir areas; embankments, dikes, and levees; and Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised aquifer-fed excavated ponds. The ratings are both structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet verbal and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the high, constructed to impound water or to protect land extent to which the soils are limited by all of the soil against overflow. Embankments that have zoned features that affect these uses. Not limited indicates construction (core and shell) are not considered. In this that the soil has features that are very favorable for the table, the soils are rated as a source of material for specified use. Good performance and very low embankment fill. The ratings apply to the soil material maintenance can be expected. Somewhat limited below the surface layer to a depth of about 5 feet. It is indicates that the soil has features that are moderately assumed that soil layers will be uniformly mixed and favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be compacted during construction. overcome or minimized by special planning, design, or The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural installation. Fair performance and moderate soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a maintenance can be expected. Very limited indicates depth even greater than the height of the embankment that the soil has one or more features that are can affect performance and safety of the embankment. unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to generally cannot be overcome without major soil determine these properties. reclamation, special design, or expensive installation Soil material in embankments must be resistant to procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable can be expected. compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features Numerical ratings in the table indicate the severity of include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a high individual limitations. The ratings are shown as decimal content of stones or boulders, organic matter, or salts fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They indicate or sodium. A high water table affects the amount of gradations between the point at which a soil feature usable material. It also affects trafficability. has the greatest negative impact on the use (1.00) and Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts that the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation extend to a ground-water aquifer or to a depth below a (0.00). permanent water table. Excluded are ponds that are Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or fed only by surface runoff and embankment ponds that embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low impound water 3 feet or more above the original seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The seepage surface. Excavated ponds are affected by depth to a potential is determined by the permeability of the soil permanent water table, permeability of the aquifer, and and the depth to fractured bedrock or other permeable quality of the water as inferred from the salinity of the material. Excessive slope can affect the storage soil. Depth to bedrock and the content of large stones capacity of the reservoir area. affect the ease of excavation. 95

Soil Properties

Data relating to soil properties are collected during The Unified system classifies soils according to the course of the soil survey. properties that affect their use as construction material. Soil properties are ascertained by field examination Soils are classified according to particle-size distribution of the soils and by laboratory index testing of some of the fraction less than 3 inches in diameter and benchmark soils. Established standard procedures are according to plasticity index, liquid limit, and organic followed. During the survey, many shallow borings are matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils are identified made and examined to identify and classify the soils as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and SC; silty and and to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples are clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and OH; and highly taken from some typical profiles and tested in the organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting engineering laboratory to determine particle-size distribution, properties of two groups can have a dual classification, plasticity, and compaction characteristics. for example, CL-ML. Estimates of soil properties are based on field The AASHTO system classifies soils according to examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the those properties that affect roadway construction and survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified in observations, verify properties that cannot be estimated one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the basis accurately by field observation, and help to characterize of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity key soils. index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained and low in The estimates of soil properties are shown in tables content of fines (silt and clay). At the other extreme, 14 through 18. They include engineering index soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly organic soils properties, physical and chemical properties, and are classified in group A-8 on the basis of visual pertinent soil and water features. inspection. If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and Engineering Index Properties A-7 groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b, A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an Table 14 gives the engineering classifications and the additional refinement, the suitability of a soil as range of index properties for the layers of each soil in subgrade material can be indicated by a group index the survey area. number. Group index numbers range from 0 for the Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each best subgrade material to 20 or higher for the poorest. layer is indicated. Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter Texture is given in the standard terms used by the and 3 to 10 inches in diameter are indicated as a U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and clay percentages are estimates determined mainly by in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2 millimeters converting volume percentage in the field to weight in diameter. “Loam,” for example, is soil that is 7 to 27 percentage. percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and less than 52 Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated percent sand. If the content of particles coarser than sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than 3 sand is 15 percent or more, an appropriate modifier is inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The added, for example, “gravelly.” Textural terms are sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard defined in the Glossary. Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and 0.074 Classification of the soils is determined according to millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on the Unified soil classification system (ASTM, 2001) and laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area and the system adopted by the American Association of in nearby areas and on estimates made in the field. State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO, Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits) 2000). indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The 96 Soil Survey

estimates are based on test data from the survey area The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore space or from nearby areas and on field examination. available for water and roots. Depending on soil The estimates of particle-size distribution, liquid texture, a bulk density of more than 1.4 can restrict limit, and plasticity index are generally rounded to the water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation and is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of organic Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2 matter, and soil structure. percentage points) across classification boundaries, the Permeability (K ) refers to the ability of a soil to sat classification in the marginal zone is generally omitted transmit water or air. The term “permeability,” as used in the table. in soil surveys, indicates saturated hydraulic conductivity (K ). The estimates in the table indicate sat Physical Properties the rate of water movement, in inches per hour, when the soil is saturated. They are based on soil Table 15 shows estimates of some physical characteristics observed in the field, particularly characteristics and features that affect soil behavior. structure, porosity, and texture. Permeability is These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in considered in the design of soil drainage systems and the survey area. The estimates are based on field septic tank absorption fields. observations and on test data for these and similar Available water capacity refers to the quantity of soils. water that the soil is capable of storing for use by Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each plants. The capacity for water storage is given in inches layer is indicated. of water per inch of soil for each soil layer. The capacity Particle size is the effective diameter of a soil varies, depending on soil properties that affect particle as measured by sedimentation, sieving, or retention of water. The most important properties are micrometric methods. Particle sizes are expressed as the content of organic matter, soil texture, bulk density, classes with specific effective diameter class limits. The and soil structure. Available water capacity is an broad classes are sand, silt, and clay, ranging from the important factor in the choice of plants or crops to be larger to the smaller. grown and in the design and management of irrigation Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil systems. Available water capacity is not an estimate of particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. the quantity of water actually available to plants at any In the table, the estimated clay content of each soil given time. layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. an unconfined clod as moisture content is decreased The content of sand, silt, and clay affects the from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the physical behavior of a soil. Particle size is important for volume change between the water content of the clod 1 1 engineering and agronomic interpretations, for at /3- or /10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension) and determination of soil hydrologic qualities, and for soil oven dryness. The volume change is reported in the classification. table as percent change for the whole soil. Volume The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and change is influenced by the amount and type of clay physical condition of the soil and the ability of the soil to minerals in the soil. adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They influence Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrink- shrink-swell potential, permeability, plasticity, the ease swell potential of soils. The shrink-swell potential is low of soil dispersion, and other soil properties. The if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than 3 amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage and percent; moderate if 3 to 6 percent; high if 6 to 9 earthmoving operations. percent; and very high if more than 9 percent. If the Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is at swelling can cause damage to buildings, roads, and field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at other structures and to plant roots. Special design 1 1 /3- or /10-bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension. commonly is needed. Weight is determined after the soil is dried at 105 Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in the degrees C. In the table, the estimated moist bulk soil at various stages of decomposition. In the table, the density of each soil horizon is expressed in grams per estimated content of organic matter is expressed as a cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than 2 percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to than 2 millimeters in diameter. compute shrink-swell potential, available water The content of organic matter in a soil can be capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties. maintained by returning crop residue to the soil. Trinity County, Texas 97

Organic matter has a positive effect on available water because of rock fragments on the surface or because of capacity, water infiltration, soil organism activity, and surface wetness. tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients for Wind erodibility index is a numerical value indicating crops and soil organisms. the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion, or the tons per Erosion factors are shown in the table as the K factor acre per year that can be expected to be lost to wind (Kw and Kf) and the T factor. Erosion factor K indicates erosion. There is a close correlation between wind the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill erosion by erosion and the texture of the surface layer, the size water. Factor K is one of several factors used in the and durability of surface clods, rock fragments, organic Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the Revised matter, and a calcareous reaction. Soil moisture and Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to predict the frozen soil layers also influence wind erosion. average annual rate of soil loss by sheet and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The estimates are based Chemical Properties primarily on percentage of silt, sand, and organic matter and on soil structure and permeability. Values of Table 16 shows estimates of some chemical K range from 0.02 to 0.69. Other factors being equal, characteristics and features that affect soil behavior. the higher the value, the more susceptible the soil is to These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in sheet and rill erosion by water. the survey area. The estimates are based on field Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the observations and on test data for these and similar whole soil. The estimates are modified by the presence soils. of rock fragments. Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fine- layer is indicated. earth fraction, or the material less than 2 millimeters in Cation-exchange capacity is the total amount of size. extractable bases that can be held by the soil, Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH that can occur without affecting crop productivity over a value. Soils having a low cation-exchange capacity hold sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per year. fewer cations and may require more frequent Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that applications of fertilizer than soils having a high cation- have similar properties affecting their susceptibility to exchange capacity. The ability to retain cations reduces wind erosion in cultivated areas. The soils assigned to the hazard of ground-water pollution. group 1 are the most susceptible to wind erosion, and Effective cation-exchange capacity refers to the sum those assigned to group 8 are the least susceptible. of extractable bases plus aluminum expressed in terms The groups are as follows: of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil. It is 1. Coarse sands, sands, fine sands, and very fine determined for soils that have pH of less than 5.5. sands. Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity. The 2. Loamy coarse sands, loamy sands, loamy fine pH of each soil horizon is based on many field tests. For sands, loamy very fine sands, ash material, and sapric many soils, values have been verified by laboratory soil material. analyses. Soil reaction is important in selecting crops 3. Coarse sandy loams, sandy loams, fine sandy and other plants, in evaluating soil amendments for loams, and very fine sandy loams. fertility and stabilization, and in determining the risk of 4L. Calcareous loams, silt loams, clay loams, and corrosion. silty clay loams. Calcium carbonate equivalent is the percent of 4. Clays, silty clays, noncalcareous clay loams, and carbonates, by weight, in the fraction of the soil less silty clay loams that are more than 35 percent clay. than 2 millimeters in size. The availability of plant 5. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are less nutrients is influenced by the amount of carbonates in than 20 percent clay and sandy clay loams, sandy clays, the soil. Incorporating nitrogen fertilizer into calcareous and hemic soil material. soils helps to prevent nitrite accumulation and 6. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are ammonium-N volatilization. more than 20 percent clay and noncalcareous clay Gypsum is expressed as a percent, by weight, of loams that are less than 35 percent clay. hydrated calcium sulfates in the fraction of the soil less 7. Silts, noncalcareous silty clay loams that are less than 20 millimeters in size. Gypsum is partially soluble than 35 percent clay, and fibric soil material. in water. Soils that have a high content of gypsum may 8. Soils that are not subject to wind erosion collapse if the gypsum is removed by percolating water. Salinity is a measure of soluble salts in the soil at 98 Soil Survey

saturation. It is expressed as the electrical conductivity thawing cause damage to pavements and other rigid of the saturation extract, in millimhos per centimeter at structures. 25 degrees C. Estimates are based on field and Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced laboratory measurements at representative sites of electrochemical or chemical action that corrodes or nonirrigated soils. The salinity of irrigated soils is weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of affected by the quality of the irrigation water and by the corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors as frequency of water application. Hence, the salinity of soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and soils in individual fields can differ greatly from the value electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion given in the table. Salinity affects the suitability of a soil of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium for crop production, the stability of soil if used as content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the construction material, and the potential of the soil to soil. Special site examination and design may be corrode metal and concrete. needed if the combination of factors results in a severe Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is a measure of the hazard of corrosion. The steel or concrete in amount of sodium (Na) relative to calcium (Ca) and installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers magnesium (Mg) in the water extract from saturated is more susceptible to corrosion than the steel or soil paste. It is the ratio of the Na concentration divided concrete in installations that are entirely within one kind by the square root of one-half of the Ca + Mg of soil or within one soil layer. concentration. Soils that have SAR values of 13 or more For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed may be characterized by an increased dispersion of as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil drainage organic matter and clay particles, reduced permeability class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field and aeration, and a general degradation of soil capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation structure. extract. For concrete, the risk of corrosion also is expressed Soil Features as low, moderate, or high. It is based on soil texture, acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation extract. Table 17 gives estimates of various soil features. The estimates are used in land use planning that Water Features involves engineering considerations. A restrictive layer is a nearly continuous layer that Table 18 gives estimates of various water features. has one or more physical, chemical, or thermal The estimates are used in land use planning that properties that significantly impede the movement of involves engineering considerations. water and air through the soil or that restrict roots or Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of otherwise provide an unfavorable root environment. runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four Examples are bedrock, cemented layers, dense layers, groups according to the rate of water infiltration when and frozen layers. The table indicates the hardness and the soils are not protected by vegetation, are thickness of the restrictive layer, both of which thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from long- significantly affect the ease of excavation. Depth to top duration storms. is the vertical distance from the soil surface to the The four hydrologic soil groups are: upper boundary of the restrictive layer. Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low Potential for frost action is the likelihood of upward runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist or lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained of segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength on water transmission. thawing. Frost action occurs when moisture moves into Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture, when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of density, permeability, content of organic matter, and moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or depth to the water table are the most important factors well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to considered in evaluating the potential for frost action. It moderately coarse texture. These soils have a is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation moderate rate of water transmission. or snow and is not artificially drained. Silty and highly Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when structured, clayey soils that have a high water table in thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a winter are the most susceptible to frost action. Well layer that impedes the downward movement of water drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. susceptible. Frost heave and low soil strength during These soils have a slow rate of water transmission. Trinity County, Texas 99

Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate in any year); rare that it is unlikely but possible under (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These unusual weather conditions (the chance of flooding is 1 consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell to 5 percent in any year); occasional that it occurs potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that infrequently under normal weather conditions (the have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and chance of flooding is 5 to 50 percent in any year); soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. frequent that it is likely to occur often under normal These soils have a very slow rate of water weather conditions (the chance of flooding is more than transmission. 50 percent in any year but is less than 50 percent in all If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D, months in any year); and very frequent that it is likely B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and the to occur very often under normal weather conditions second is for undrained areas. (the chance of flooding is more than 50 percent in all The months in the table indicate the portion of the months of any year). year in which the feature is most likely to be a concern. The information is based on evidence in the soil Water table refers to a saturated zone in the soil. profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or clay The table indicates, by month, depth to the top (upper deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic limit) and base (lower limit) of the saturated zone in matter content with increasing depth; and little or no most years. Estimates of the upper and lower limits are horizon development. based mainly on observations of the water table at Also considered are local information about the selected sites and on evidence of a saturated zone, extent and levels of flooding and the relation of each namely grayish colors or mottles (redoximorphic soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on features) in the soil. A saturated zone that lasts for less the extent of flooding based on soil data is less specific than a month is not considered a water table. than that provided by detailed engineering surveys that Ponding is standing water in a closed depression. delineate flood-prone areas at specific flood frequency Unless a drainage system is installed, the water is levels. removed only by percolation, transpiration, or evaporation. The table indicates surface water depth Hydric Soils and the duration and frequency of ponding. Duration is expressed as very brief if less than 2 days, brief if 2 to In this section, hydric soils are defined and 7 days, long if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than described. 30 days. Frequency is expressed as none, rare, The three essential characteristics of wetlands are occasional, and frequent. None means that ponding is hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland not probable; rare that it is unlikely but possible under hydrology (Cowardin and others, 1979; U.S. Army unusual weather conditions (the chance of ponding is Corps of Engineers, 1987; National Research Council, nearly 0 percent to 5 percent in any year); occasional 1995; Tiner, 1985). Criteria for each of the that it occurs, on the average, once or less in 2 years characteristics must be met for areas to be identified as (the chance of ponding is 5 to 50 percent in any year); wetlands. Undrained hydric soils that have natural and frequent that it occurs, on the average, more than vegetation should support a dominant population of once in 2 years (the chance of ponding is more than 50 ecological wetland plant species. Hydric soils that have percent in any year). been converted to other uses should be capable of Flooding is the temporary inundation of an area being restored to wetlands. caused by overflowing streams, by runoff from adjacent Hydric soils are defined by the National Technical slopes, or by tides. Water standing for short periods Committee for Hydric Soils (NTCHS) as soils that after rainfall or snowmelt is not considered flooding, formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or and water standing in swamps and marshes is ponding long enough during the growing season to considered ponding rather than flooding. develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part (Federal Duration and frequency are estimated. Duration is Register, 1994). These soils are either saturated or expressed as extremely brief if 0.1 hour to 4 hours, inundated long enough during the growing season to very brief if 4 hours to 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, long support the growth and reproduction of hydrophytic if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than 30 days. vegetation. Frequency is expressed as none, very rare, rare, The NTCHS definition identifies general soil occasional, frequent, and very frequent. None means properties that are associated with wetness. In order to that flooding is not probable; very rare that it is very determine whether a specific soil is a hydric soil or unlikely but possible under extremely unusual weather nonhydric soil, however, more specific information, such conditions (the chance of flooding is less than 1 percent as information about the depth and duration of the 100

water table, is needed. Thus, criteria that identify those depth may be greater if determination of an estimated soil properties unique to hydric soils have appropriate indicator so requires. It is always been established (Federal Register, 1995). These recommended that soils be excavated and described to criteria are used to identify a phase of a soil series that the depth necessary for an understanding of the normally is associated with wetlands. The criteria used redoximorphic processes. Then, using the completed are selected estimated soil properties that are soil descriptions, soil scientists can compare the soil described in “Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1999) features required by each indicator and specify which and “Keys to Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1998) indicators have been matched with the conditions and in the “Soil Survey Manual” (Soil Survey Division observed in the soil. The soil can be identified as a Staff, 1993). hydric soil if at least one of the approved indicators is If soils are wet enough for a long enough period to present. be considered hydric, they should exhibit certain Map units that are made up of hydric soils may have properties that can be easily observed in the field. small areas, or inclusions, of nonhydric soils in the These visible properties are indicators of hydric soils. higher positions on the landform, and map units made The indicators used to make onsite determinations of up of nonhydric soils may have inclusions of hydric soils hydric soils in this survey area are specified in “Field in the lower positions on the landform. Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States” (Hurt and For more specific information regarding hydric soils others, 1998). in the soil survey area, refer to the “Field Office Hydric soils are identified by examining and Technical Guide” at the local office of the Natural describing the soil to a depth of about 20 inches. This Resources Conservation Service. 101

Classification of the Soils

The system of soil classification used by the National on the basis of physical and chemical properties and Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories (Soil Survey other characteristics that affect management. Staff, 1998 and 1999). Beginning with the broadest, Generally, the properties are those of horizons below these categories are the order, suborder, great group, plow depth where there is much biological activity. subgroup, family, and series. Classification is based on Among the properties and characteristics considered soil properties observed in the field or inferred from are particle-size class, mineralogy class, cation- those observations or from laboratory measurements. exchange activity class, soil temperature regime, soil Table 19 shows the classification of the soils in the depth, and reaction class. A family name consists of the survey area. The categories are defined in the following name of a subgroup preceded by terms that indicate paragraphs. soil properties. An example is fine-loamy, siliceous, ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The active, thermic Typic Hapludalfs. differences among orders reflect the dominant soil- SERIES. The series consists of soils within a family forming processes and the degree of soil formation. that have horizons similar in color, texture, structure, Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An reaction, consistence, mineral and chemical example is Alfisol. composition, and arrangement in the profile. SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil Soil Series and Their Morphology genesis and are important to plant growth or properties that reflect the most important variables within the In this section, each soil series recognized in the orders. The last syllable in the name of a suborder survey area is described. Characteristics of the soil and indicates the order. An example is Udalf (Ud, meaning the material in which it formed are identified for each humid, plus alf, from Alfisol). series. A pedon, a small three-dimensional area of soil, GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into great that is typical of the series in the survey area is groups on the basis of close similarities in kind, described. The detailed description of each soil horizon arrangement, and degree of development of pedogenic follows standards in the “Soil Survey Manual” (Soil horizons; soil moisture and temperature regimes; type Survey Division Staff, 1993). Many of the technical of saturation; and base status. Each great group is terms used in the descriptions are defined in “Soil identified by the name of a suborder and by a prefix Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1999) and in “Keys to that indicates a property of the soil. An example is Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1998). Unless Hapludalfs (Hapl, meaning minimal horizonation, plus otherwise indicated, colors in the descriptions are for udalf, the suborder of the Alfisols that has a udic moist soil. Following the pedon description is the range moisture regime). of important characteristics of the soils in the series. SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or extragrades. The Alazan Series typic subgroup is the central concept of the great group; it is not necessarily the most extensive. Depth class: Very deep Intergrades are transitions to other orders, suborders, Drainage class: Moderately well drained or great groups. Extragrades have some properties that Permeability: Moderate are not representative of the great group but do not Landscape: Coastal plain indicate transitions to any other taxonomic class. Each Landform: Marine terraces or stream terraces subgroup is identified by one or more adjectives Parent material: Loamy coastal plain sediments or preceding the name of the great group. The adjective alluvium Typic identifies the subgroup that typifies the great Slope range: 0 to 2 percent group. An example is Typic Hapludalfs. Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, siliceous, FAMILY. Families are established within a subgroup semiactive, thermic Aquic Glossudalfs 102 Soil Survey

Associated soils: Bernaldo, Besner, and Mollville common fine pores; few patchy clay films; common • Bernaldo soils are in slightly higher terrace positions, medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses are well drained, and do not have a glossic horizon of iron accumulation lining pores and common fine • Besner soils have a coarse-loamy control section and distinct gray (10YR 6/1) clay depletions on surfaces are in slightly higher positions, typically on mounds of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. • Mollville soils are in lower, wetter depressions and Btg/E1—40 to 53 inches; 90 percent gray (10YR 6/1) are poorly drained sandy clay loam (Bt); 10 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) sandy loam (E) intrusions of albic material 10 Typical Pedon to 15 millimeters wide between peds that are clay Alazan very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes depletions resulting from aquic conditions; weak (fig. 12), is located from Farm Road 355 in Groveton, medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; 1.3 miles east on U.S. Highway 287, 4.9 miles northeast few fine roots; few fine pores; few patchy clay on Farm Road 2262, 2.9 miles north on U.S. Forest films; common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) Service Road 528 (Red Road), 2.7 miles east on U.S. and few fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) Forest Service Road 568, 0.7 mile north on U.S. Forest masses of iron accumulation lining pores; slightly Service Road 515, 0.5 mile west on U.S. Forest Service acid; clear wavy boundary. Road 515-A, 50 feet north in woods; USGS Crecy Btg/E2—53 to 62 inches; 30 percent gray (10YR 5/1), topographic quadrangle; latitude 31 degrees 08 30 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8), 15 percent minutes 56 seconds N.; longitude 95 degrees 01 minute light gray (10YR 6/1), and 15 percent strong brown 15 seconds W. (7.5YR 5/6) clay loam (Bt); 10 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) sandy loam (E) intrusions of albic A—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) material 10 to 15 millimeters wide between peds very fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky that are clay depletions resulting from aquic structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine and conditions; weak medium subangular blocky medium roots; moderately acid; clear wavy structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; few clay boundary. films; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Bt/E1—4 to 19 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) Btg/E3—62 to 80 inches; 40 percent yellowish brown sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky (10YR 5/8), 35 percent light gray (10YR 6/1), and structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine, 20 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay medium, and coarse roots; common fine distinct loam (Bt); 5 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) sandy light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay depletions on loam (E) intrusions of albic material 15 to 25 surfaces of peds and common medium distinct millimeters wide between peds that are clay yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron depletions resulting from aquic conditions; weak accumulation lining pores; strongly acid; clear wavy medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; boundary. few clay films; slightly acid. Bt/E2—19 to 33 inches; 90 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) loam (Bt); 10 percent light gray (10YR Range in Characteristics 7/2) fine sandy loam (E) intrusions of albic material Solum thickness: More than 80 inches 15 to 25 millimeters wide between peds that are Clay content in the control section: 18 to 25 percent clay depletions resulting from aquic conditions; Redoximorphic features: Yellowish red or red weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, redoximorphic concentrations occur in some friable; common medium roots; common fine pedons; redoximorphic depletions are within upper pores; few faint clay films; common medium 10 inches of the argillic horizon distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron Other distinctive soil features: Albic intrusions and clay accumulation lining pores and common fine depletions make up more than 15 percent in 20 prominent gray (10YR 6/1) clay depletions on inches or more of the Bt/E and Btg/E horizons surfaces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy Reaction: A, E (where present), and upper Bt/E boundary. horizons—very strongly acid to moderately acid; Bt/E3—33 to 40 inches; 80 percent brownish yellow lower Bt/E and Btg/E horizons—strongly acid to (10YR 6/6) sandy clay loam (Bt); 20 percent light slightly acid gray (10YR 7/2) sandy loam (E) intrusions of albic material 15 to 25 millimeters wide between peds A horizon: that are clay depletions resulting from aquic Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of conditions; weak medium subangular blocky 1 to 3 structure; hard, friable; common fine roots; Redoximorphic features—none Trinity County, Texas 103

Texture—very fine sandy loam • Austonio soils are fine-loamy in the upper part of the Other features—none subsoil Thickness—4 to 10 inches thick • Garner and Eastham soils have micro-high and micro-low topography and are clayey throughout E horizon (where present): Color—hue of 10YR, value of 6 or 7, and chroma of Typical Pedon 2 to 4 Annona fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, is Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in located from Farm Road 230 in Trinity, 0.65 mile south shades of brown or red and iron depletions in on Texas Highway 19, 0.8 mile southwest on Farm shades of gray range from none to common Road 1612, 0.5 mile west on private lane to gate, 0.1 Texture—very fine sandy loam or loam mile west from gate, 0.15 mile south and west on lane, Other features—none 50 feet north in woods; USGS Trinity West topographic Thickness—0 to 8 inches thick quadrangle; latitude 30 degrees 55 minutes 24 seconds Bt/E horizon: N.; longitude 95 degrees 24 minutes 15 second W. Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and A—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; chroma of 4, 6, or 8 weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, very Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in friable; common fine and medium roots; slightly shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron acid; clear smooth boundary. depletions in shades of gray range from few to E—4 to 9 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy many loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; Texture—loam or sandy clay loam (Bt); fine sandy slightly hard, very friable; common fine and loam, loam, or sandy loam (E) medium roots; moderately acid; clear wavy Other features—intrusions and streaks of albic boundary. material (E) make up 5 to 50 percent of the Bt—9 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay horizon; in most pedons, 5 to 20 percent of the loam; few fine prominent light gray (10YR 7/2) matrix is brittle relict iron depletions; moderate medium Btg/E horizon: subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of few fine roots; few pressure faces; few patchy clay 1 or 2 films; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in Btss1—13 to 17 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) clay; shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron common fine prominent light gray (10YR 7/2) relict depletions in shades of gray range from few to concentrations; moderate medium subangular many blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; few Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam (Bt); fine roots; common slickensides; common clay fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam (E) films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Other features—intrusions and streaks of albic Btss2—17 to 21 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) clay; material (E) make up 5 to 50 percent of the common medium prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) horizon; in most pedons, 5 to 20 percent of the and few fine distinct red (2.5YR 4/8) relict matrix is brittle concentrations; moderate medium angular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; few fine roots between ped faces; common slickensides; common Annona Series clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Btss3—21 to 27 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) clay; common Depth class: Very deep coarse prominent yellow (10YR 8/6), common Drainage class: Moderately well drained medium faint red (2.5YR 4/6), and few fine Permeability: Very slow prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) relict Landscape: Coastal plain concentrations; moderate medium angular blocky Landform: Ancient stream terraces structure; extremely hard, very firm; few fine roots Parent material: Coastal plain sediments from clayey between peds; common slickensides; few clay Pleistocene age sediments films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Slope range: 1 to 3 percent Btss4—27 to 38 inches; 55 percent red (2.5YR 4/8), 35 Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic percent yellow (10YR 8/6) and 10 percent white Paleudalfs (10YR 8/1) clay; moderate medium angular blocky Associated soils: Austonio, Garner, and Eastham structure; extremely hard, very firm; few fine roots 104 Soil Survey

between peds; common slickensides; continuous Other features—none clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Thickness—0 to 7 inches thick Btss5—38 to 43 inches; white (10YR 8/1) clay; common Bt horizon: medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) and common Color—hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of medium distinct yellow (10YR 8/6) relict 3 to 6, and chroma of 6 or 8 concentrations; moderate medium angular blocky Redoximorphic features—relict iron depletions in structure; extremely hard, very firm; few fine shades of gray; relict iron concentrations in roots; common slickensides; common clay films; shades of brown or yellow; some pedons have a strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. matrix with variegated colors Btss6—43 to 52 inches; 40 percent red (2.5YR 4/8), 40 Texture—clay or clay loam percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), and 20 Other features—none percent white (10YR 8/1) clay; moderate medium Thickness—6 to 18 inches thick angular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; few fine roots; common slickensides; common clay Btss horizon: films; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Color—hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y, Btss7—52 to 80 inches; light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4) value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8. clay; common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR Redoximorphic features—common or many relict 5/6) and few fine prominent white (10YR 8/1) relict iron concentrations in shades of red or brown iron depletions; moderate medium angular blocky and relict iron depletions in shades of gray structure; extremely hard, very firm; few fine Texture—clay roots; few slickensides; few clay films; neutral; Other features—slickensides are within a depth of gradual wavy boundary. 14 to 24 inches of the soil surface Thickness—30 to more than 60 inches thick Range in Characteristics Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Clay content in the control section: 45 to 60 percent Austonio Series Redoximorphic features: Few to many iron depletions in Depth class: Very deep shades of gray; relict iron accumulations in shades Drainage class: Well drained of brown, red, or yellow 1 Permeability: Moderate Other distinctive soil features: Cracks about /2 inch Landscape: Coastal plain wide extend from the top of the Bt horizon into the Landform: Stream terraces Btss horizon for a period of 30 to 90 cumulative Parent material: Coastal plain loamy alluvial sediments days in most years; slickensides are within a depth Slope range: 0 to 15 percent of 14 to 24 inches of the soil surface; a few pitted Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, concretions of calcium carbonate are below a depth thermic Typic Hapludalfs of 40 inches in some pedons Associated soils: Annona, Besner, and Mollville Reaction: A, E, Bt, and upper Btss horizons—very • Annona soils have a clayey subsoil and are in similar strongly acid to slightly acid; lower Btss horizon— positions moderately acid to moderately alkaline • Besner soils have a coarse-loamy control section and are in slightly higher positions A or Ap horizon: • Mollville soils have a grayish subsoil and are in Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and slightly lower, concave positions chroma of 1 to 4 Redoximorphic features—none Typical Pedon Texture—fine sandy loam Austonio fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, is Other features—none located from Farm Road 230 in Trinity, 0.65 mile south Thickness—3 to 6 inches thick on Texas Highway 19, 0.8 mile southwest on Farm E horizon: Road 1612, 0.5 mile west on private lane to gate, 0.1 Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of mile west from gate, 0.55 mile south and west on lane, 1 to 4 50 feet north of lane in woods; USGS Trinity West Redoximorphic features—none topographic quadrangle; latitude 30 degrees 55 Texture—very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or minutes 20 seconds N.; longitude 95 degrees 23 loam minutes 46 seconds W. Trinity County, Texas 105

A—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; 2C3—70 to 80 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) fine weak very fine subangular blocky structure; slightly sandy loam; common medium faint brownish hard, very friable; many fine and few medium yellow (10YR 6/6) relict concentrations; massive; roots; few fine pores; slightly acid; clear smooth slightly hard, friable; very strongly acid. boundary. Range in Characteristics E1—4 to 9 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; Solum thickness: 50 to 80 inches slightly hard, very friable; many fine and few Clay content in the control section: 18 to 30 percent medium roots; few fine pores; strongly acid; clear Redoximorphic features: Relict iron depletions and iron smooth boundary. concentrations E2—9 to 13 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy Other distinctive soil features: The content decreases loam; common fine faint light yellowish brown by 20 percent or more from the maximum within a (10YR 6/4) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky depth of 40 to 60 inches; base saturation ranges structure; slightly hard, very friable; common fine from 60 to 90 percent in the lower part of the and few medium roots; few fine pores; strongly argillic horizon; none to few rounded quartzite or acid; gradual wavy boundary. ironstone pebbles Bt1—13 to 20 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy Reaction: A and E horizons—very strongly acid to clay loam; common fine faint pale brown (10YR slightly acid; Bt horizon—very strongly acid to 6/3) relict iron depletions; weak coarse prismatic moderately acid; BCt horizon—very strongly acid or structure parting to moderate fine subangular strongly acid; 2C horizon—very strongly acid to blocky; very hard, friable; common fine and few slightly acid medium roots; few fine pores; common clay films A horizon: on surface of prisms; strongly acid; gradual wavy Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and boundary. chroma of 2 to 4 Bt2—20 to 32 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy Redoximorphic features—none clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting Texture—fine sandy loam to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; Other features—none very hard, friable; few fine roots; common fine Thickness—4 to 14 inches thick pores; common clay films on surface of prisms; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. E horizon: BCt1—32 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and sandy loam; few fine faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) chroma of 2 to 4 relict iron depletions; weak coarse prismatic Redoximorphic features—none structure parting to moderate fine subangular Texture—fine sandy loam blocky; very hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine Other features—none pores; common clay films on surface of prisms; Thickness—0 to 15 inches thick strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Bt1 horizon: BCt2—38 to 51 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fine Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and sandy loam; weak coarse prismatic structure chroma of 6 or 8 parting to weak fine subangular blocky; very hard, Redoximorphic features—relict iron depletions in friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; few medium shades of gray and relict iron concentrations in distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) pockets; common shades of red, brown, or yellow range from few clay films on surface of prisms; few hard iron to many manganese concretions and stains; strongly acid; Texture—loam or sandy clay loam clear wavy boundary. Other features—none 2C1—51 to 62 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy Thickness—16 to 28 inches thick fine sand; common medium distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) relict concentrations; soft, single Bt2 horizon: grained; very friable; very strongly acid; clear wavy Color—hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, boundary. and chroma of 6 or 8 2C2—62 to 70 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine Redoximorphic features—relict iron depletions in sandy loam; soft, very friable; common fine distinct shades of gray and relict iron concentrations in pale brown (10YR 6/3) pockets; massive; very shades of red, brown, or yellow range from few strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. 106 Soil Survey

Figure 13.—Profile of Besner fine sandy loam.

Figure 12.—Profile of Alazan fine sandy loam. Trinity County, Texas 107

to many; or the matrix is variegated in these intersection, 1.1 miles north on continuation of Farm colors Road 2262, 0.4 mile east on U.S. Forest Service Road Texture—loam or sandy clay loam 510-C, 60 feet north of road in woods; USGS Diboll Other features—none topographic quadrangle; latitude 31 degrees 9 minutes Thickness—7 to 28 inches thick 42 seconds N.; longitude 94 degrees 52 minutes 42 seconds W. BCt horizon: Color—hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine and chroma of 6 or 8 sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; soft, Redoximorphic features—relict iron depletions in loose; many fine and medium roots; moderately shades of gray and relict iron concentrations in acid; gradual wavy boundary. shades of red, brown, or yellow range from few E1—3 to 8 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine to many; or the matrix is variegated in these sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; slightly colors hard, very friable; common medium and coarse Texture—loam or fine sandy loam roots; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. Other features—some pedons contain a few E2—8 to 29 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) streaks or spots of albic material or uncoated fine sandy loam; few fine faint yellowish brown sand (10YR 5/4) iron concentrations; weak fine granular Thickness—14 to 36 inches thick structure; slightly hard, very friable; common medium and coarse roots; moderately acid; clear 2C horizon: wavy boundary. Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and Bt/E1—29 to 38 inches; 85 percent yellowish brown chroma of 3, 4, 6, or 8 (10YR 5/4) loam (Bt); 15 percent light gray (10YR Redoximorphic features—relict iron depletions in 7/2) fine sandy loam (E) intrusions of albic material shades of gray and relict iron concentrations in 10 to 15 millimeters wide between peds; common shades of red, brown, or yellow range from few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) iron to many; or the matrix is variegated in these concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky colors structure; slightly hard, very friable; common Texture—fine sandy loam or loamy fine sand medium roots; few thin clay films; moderately acid; Other features—some pedons have a few streaks gradual wavy boundary. or pockets of albic material or uncoated sand Bt/E2—38 to 44 inches; 75 percent strong brown (7.5YR Thickness—12 to 28 inches thick 5/8) loam (Bt); 25 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) fine sandy loam (E) intrusions of albic material 15 Besner Series to 25 millimeters wide between peds; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) iron Depth class: Very deep concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky Drainage class: Well drained structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few Permeability: Moderate thin clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy Landscape: Coastal plain boundary. Landform: Stream terrace Bt/E3—44 to 52 inches; 90 percent yellowish brown Parent material: Coastal plain alluvial sediments (10YR 5/8) loam (Bt); 10 percent light gray (10YR Slope range: 0 to 2 percent 7/2) fine sandy loam (E) intrusions of albic material Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, 10 to 15 millimeters wide between peds; common semiactive, thermic Typic Glossudalfs medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and Associated soils: Alazan and Mollville red (2.5YR 4/8) iron concentrations; weak • Alazan and Mollville soils are saturated within 40 moderate subangular blocky structure; slightly inches of the surface and are wetter hard, friable; few fine roots; few thin clay films; • Besner soils are on mounds in complex with Alazan strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. or Mollville soils in low or intermound positions Bt/E4—52 to 64 inches; 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8), 30 percent yellowish red (5YR 5/8), Typical Pedon and 25 percent red (2.5YR 4/8) loam (Bt); 10 Besner fine sandy loam (fig. 13), in an area of Alazan- percent light gray (10YR 7/2) fine sandy loam (E) Besner complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is located from intrusions of albic material 10 to 15 millimeters Groveton, 1.3 miles east on U.S. Highway 287, 15.4 wide between peds; weak moderate subangular miles northeast on Farm Road 2262 to Farm Road 357 blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine 108 Soil Survey

roots; few thin clay films; strongly acid; gradual Texture—fine sandy loam or loam; however, some wavy boundary. pedons have sandy clay loam texture below a Bt/E5—64 to 70 inches; 55 percent yellowish brown depth of 60 inches (10YR 5/8) and 35 percent light brownish gray Other features—about 5 to 20 percent of the matrix (10YR 6/2) sandy clay loam (Bt); 10 percent light is brittle gray (10YR 7/2) fine sandy loam (E) intrusions of Thickness—15 to 45 inches thick albic material 15 to 25 millimeters wide between Bt/E horizon: peds; weak fine subangular blocky structure; Color—hue of 2.5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 4 to slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few thin clay 6, and chroma of 4, 6, or 8 films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—iron concentrations in Bt/E6—70 to 80 inches; 95 percent strong brown (7.5YR shades of red, yellow, or brown are few or 5/8) sandy clay loam (Bt); 5 percent light gray common in most pedons (10YR 7/2) sandy loam (E) intrusions of albic Texture—loam or sandy clay loam material 15 to 25 millimeters wide between peds; Other features—albic streaks (E) make up 5 to 35 weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly percent; however, some parts of the horizon hard, friable; few fine roots; few thin clay films; have 15 percent or more albic streaks; about 5 common fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR to 20 percent of the Bt matrix is brittle 6/2) clay depletions on surfaces of peds; strongly Thickness—15 to 45 inches thick acid. Range in Characteristics Browndell Series Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Clay content in the control section: 12 to 18 percent Depth class: Shallow Redoximorphic features: Iron concentrations range Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained from few to many throughout the subsoil Permeability: Very slow Other distinctive soil features: Silt content ranges from Landscape: Upland 25 to 40 percent Landform: Side slopes Reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid throughout Parent material: Tuffaceous siltstone and sandstone from the Catahoula Formation A horizon: Slope range: 5 to 15 percent Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of Taxonomic classification: Clayey, smectitic, thermic, 2 or 3 shallow Oxyaquic Hapludalfs Redoximorphic features—none Associated soils: Corrigan, Kitterll, Letney, and Rayburn Texture—fine sandy loam • Corrigan soils have a solum more than 20 inches Other features—none thick Thickness—2 to 7 inches thick • Kitterll soils do not have an argillic horizon, are E horizon: shallower than 14 inches to weathered bedrock, Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of and are in a loamy family 2 to 4 • Letney soils are on nearby slopes and have a thicker Redoximorphic features—iron concentrations in solum and a sandy epipedon more than 20 inches shades of yellow and brown and iron depletions thick in shades of gray range from none to common • Rayburn soils are in slightly higher, convex positions Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or and have a thicker solum loam Other features—some pedons have a BE horizon Typical Pedon with chroma of 6 or 8 Browndell fine sandy loam, in an area of Kitterll- Thickness—12 to 30 inches thick Browndell complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes, is located Bt horizon (where present): from U.S. Highway 287 in Groveton, 6.5 miles south Color—hue of 2.5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 4 to and southwest on Farm Road 355 to Champion gate on 6, and chroma of 4, 6, or 8 south side of road, through gate and 1 mile south on Redoximorphic features—iron concentrations in timber company road, 150 feet west in pine plantation shades of red, yellow, or brown are few or area; USGS Chita topographic quadrangle; latitude 30 common in most pedons degrees 57 minutes 51 seconds N.; longitude 95 degrees 07 minutes 56 seconds W. Trinity County, Texas 109

A—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) Redoximorphic features—few or common iron fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; concentrations that are pale brown or pale olive slightly hard, very friable; common fine and in the upper part and brown and light brownish medium roots; moderately acid; clear smooth gray in the lower part boundary. Texture—clay loam, clay, or silty clay E—3 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; Other features—gravel-size fragments range from weak fine subangular structure; slightly hard, very 0 to 15 percent, by volume friable; common fine and medium roots; Thickness—5 to 17 inches thick moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. Cr horizon: Bt—6 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay; few medium Color—pale olive, light olive gray, light gray, gray, distinct yellow (10YR 7/6) and few fine faint light or light brownish gray brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron concentrations; Redoximorphic features—none weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, Texture—weakly consolidated tuffaceous sandstone very firm; common fine roots; few apparent clay and mudstone that is bentonitic but contains films; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. volcanic ash, volcanic glass, and other Cr—16 to 24 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) pyroclastic materials weakly consolidated tuffaceous sandstone; Other features—none massive; hard, hardness more than 3 on Mohs scale; faces of angular fractures coated with grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay flows; very strongly Colita Series acid. Depth class: Deep Range in Characteristics Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Solum thickness: 14 to 20 inches Permeability: Moderate Clay content in the control section: 40 to 60 percent Landscape: Coastal plain Redoximorphic features: Iron concentrations in shades Landform: Uplands of brown or olive are few or common in the subsoil Parent material: Tuffaceous siltstone and shale Other distinctive soil features: Cobbles and stones from Slope range: 0 to 3 percent 3 to 15 or more inches in diameter are on the Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, surface of most pedons and cover up to 15 percent thermic Typic Glossaqualfs of the surface Associated soils: Corrigan, Kitterll, Laska, and Moten Reaction: A, E, and Bt horizons—very strongly acid to • Corrigan soils have a clayey subsoil and are on moderately acid; Cr horizon—extremely acid to nearby slopes moderately acid • Kitterll soils are on steeper slopes and have a solum less than 14 inches thick over tuffaceous sandstone A horizon: • Laska soils are on slightly convex ridges or mounds Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of and have browner colors throughout 1 or 2 • Moten soils are in similar nearby landscape positions Redoximorphic features—none Texture—fine sandy loam Typical Pedon Other features—gravel-size fragments of siltstone Colita fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, is located or sandstone range from none to 10 percent, by from Groveton, 5.4 miles south on Farm Road 355, 4 volume miles south on Gerald Haynes Road (Old Onalaska Thickness—2 to 9 inches thick Road) to “Y” intersection, 1.3 miles south on timber E horizon: company road, 100 feet west of road in woods; USGS Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of Chita topographic quadrangle; latitude 30 degrees 55 1 or 2 minutes 30 seconds N.; longitude 95 degrees 09 Redoximorphic features—none minutes 27 seconds W. Texture—loam or fine sandy loam A—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine Other features—none sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; loose, Thickness—2 to 9 inches thick very friable; common fine and medium roots; Bt horizon: strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and Eg—4 to 11 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine chroma of 2 or 3 sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; 110 Soil Survey

loose, very friable; common fine and medium Redoximorphic features—none to common clay roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. depletions in shades of gray and iron Btg/Eg1—11 to 24 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR concentrations in shades of brown or yellow 4/2) fine sandy loam; 25 percent light brownish Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or gray (10YR 6/2) loamy fine sand (E) intrusions of loamy very fine sand albic material between peds that are clay Other features—B part of E/B horizon makes up depletions resulting from aquic conditions; weak about 10 to 40 percent, by volume, of the fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, horizon friable; few fine and medium roots; few pressure Thickness—6 to 25 inches thick faces; few round quartzite pebbles; moderately Btg/E horizon: acid; gradual wavy boundary. Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of Btg/Eg2—24 to 39 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 1 or 2 4/2) sandy clay loam; 10 percent light brownish Redoximorphic features—common or many iron gray (10YR 6/2) loamy fine sand (E) intrusions of concentrations in shades of brown and clay albic material between peds that are clay depletions in shades of gray depletions resulting from aquic conditions; weak Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or fine sandy loam medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; Other features—penetrations of albic streaks into few fine roots; few pressure faces; common round the horizon are mainly along vertical faces of quartzite pebbles; moderately acid; gradual wavy peds and are 2 to 30 millimeters wide and boundary. typically extend completely through the horizon; Btg—39 to 43 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy filled crayfish burrows range from few to many clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky Thickness—4 to 10 inches thick structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; few pressure faces; few fragments of pale yellow (5Y 7/3) shale Btg horizon: (C); moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and Cr—43 to 65 inches; pale yellow (5Y 7/3) shale with chroma of 1 or 2 texture of clay loam; massive; hard, firm; few dark Redoximorphic features—few to many iron grayish brown (10YR 4/2) coats on faces of concentrations in shades of brown and clay fractures; neutral. depletions in shades of gray Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay Range in Characteristics loam Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches Other features—electrical conductivity ranges from Clay content in the control section: 20 to 24 percent 0 to 2 mmhos/cm Redoximorphic features: Few to many clay depletions in Thickness—3 to 10 inches thick shades of gray and iron concentrations in shades of Cr horizon: brown Color—hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 6 or 7, and Other distinctive soil features: Content of sand coarser chroma of 1 to 3 than very fine sand is about 44 percent; sodium Redoximorphic features—none adsorption ratio is less than 10 throughout Texture—firm, brittle tuffaceous siltstone or shale Reaction: A, E, E/B (where present), Btg/E, and Btg with texture of silty clay loam or clay loam horizons—very strongly acid to moderately acid; Cr Other features—widely scattered deposits of horizon—neutral calcium carbonate and other white salts occur in A horizon: fractures in some pedons Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and Thickness—20 to 45 inches thick chroma of 1 or 2 Redoximorphic features—none Texture—fine sandy loam Corrigan Series Other features—none Depth class: Moderately deep Thickness—7 to 20 inches thick Drainage class: Moderately well drained E horizon and E part of E/B horizon (where present): Permeability: Very slow Color—hue of 10YR, value of 6 or 7, and chroma of Landscape: Coastal plain 1 or 2 Landform: Uplands Parent material: Tuffaceous siltstone and mudstone Trinity County, Texas 111

Slope range: 1 to 12 percent Redoximorphic features: Few or common iron Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic accumulations in shades of red and brown are in Albaquic Hapludalfs the upper part of the subsoil, and iron depletions in Associated soils: Kitterll, Letney, Rayburn, and Tehran shades of gray and olive are in the lower part • Kitterll soils are in associated mid and lower, convex Other distinctive soil features: The COLE of the upper Bt slope positions horizon is 0.09 to 0.14, but the potential linear • Letney and Tehran soils are on nearby slopes, have a extensibility is less than 6 centimeters in the upper sandy epipedon more than 20 inches thick, and 40 inches of the soil have a fine-loamy control section Reaction: A and E (where present) horizons—very • Rayburn soils are in slightly higher, convex positions strongly acid to moderately acid; Bt horizon— extremely acid to moderately acid; Cr horizon— Typical Pedon extremely acid or very strongly acid Corrigan loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, is located from A horizon: U.S. Highway 287 in Groveton, 10.9 miles south and Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of southwest on Farm Road 355 to Chita community; 2 1 or 2 miles southeast on Carlisle/Chita Road, 200 feet west Redoximorphic features—none on old lane, 20 feet north of lane in woods; USGS Chita Texture—loam topographic quadrangle; latitude 30 degrees 54 Other features—where moist values are less than minutes 25 seconds N.; longitude 95 degrees 11 3.5, the horizon is less than 6 inches thick minutes 58 seconds W. Thickness—2 to 7 inches thick A—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; E horizon: weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of hard, friable; common fine roots; moderately acid; 2 clear wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—none Bt1—4 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) Texture—fine sandy loam or loam clay; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very Other features—none hard, very firm; common fine roots; few clay films Thickness—0 to 7 inches thick on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; Upper Bt horizon: few fine dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) iron depletions; very Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 4 to 6, strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. and chroma of 2 Bt2—10 to 24 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay; Redoximorphic features—few or common iron moderate medium subangular blocky structure; accumulations in shades of red and brown very hard, very firm; few fine roots; few fine Texture—clay or silty clay distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic Other features—none concentrations; few clay films on faces of peds; Thickness—9 to 22 inches thick very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Lower Bt horizon: Bt3—24 to 38 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and clay; moderate medium subangular blocky chroma of 2 to 4 structure; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; few Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; of gray and olive clear wavy boundary. Texture—clay or silty clay Cr—38 to 50 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) Other features—none tuffaceous siltstone with texture of clay; common Thickness—8 to 17 inches thick medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3) and common fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) Cr horizon: lithochromic mottles; very hard, very firm; very Texture—weakly consolidated tuffaceous siltstone strongly acid. or mudstone that is bentonitic and contains volcanic ash, volcanic glass, or other pyroclastic Range in Characteristics materials Solum thickness: 20 to 40 inches Other features—none Clay content in the control section: 40 to 60 percent Thickness—2 to 30 inches thick 112 Soil Survey

Eastham Series structure; very hard, very firm; common fine roots; few fine vesicular and tubular pores; many Depth class: Very deep slickensides that are tilted 45 to 50 degrees from Drainage class: Moderately well drained horizontal; few hard iron-manganese concretions; Permeability: Very slow few fine masses, concretions, and threads of Landscape: Coastal plain calcium carbonate; few quartzite pebbles; neutral; Landform: Stream terraces clear wavy boundary. Parent material: Coastal plain alkaline clayey sediments Bkss—40 to 56 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) Slope range: 0 to 5 percent clay; many fine distinct light yellowish brown (10YR Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic Typic 6/4) relict concentrations; moderate medium Hapluderts angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; Associated soils: Garner and Gladewater common fine roots throughout; few fine vesicular • Garner soils are in similar or slightly lower positions and tubular pores; many slickensides; few hard and have color value of 4 or more within 12 inches iron-manganese concretions; many fine masses of the soil surface and threads of calcium carbonate; weakly • Gladewater soils are in lower flood plain positions effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy and have a very-fine control section boundary. BCkss—56 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR Typical Pedon 6/4) clay; common medium distinct light gray (2.5Y Eastham clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is located from 7/2) relict iron depletions; moderate coarse Farm Road 230 in Trinity, 2.85 miles south on Texas angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few Highway 19, 350 feet west of four lane right-of-way in fine roots; few fine vesicular and tubular pores; pasture; USGS Trinity West topographic quadrangle; common slickensides; few hard iron-manganese latitude 30 degrees 54 minutes 29 seconds N.; concretions; many fine concretions and masses and longitude 95 degrees 22 minutes 38 seconds W. few fine threads of calcium carbonate; weakly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. A1—0 to 15 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay; moderate fine and medium angular blocky Range in Characteristics structure; very hard, very firm; many fine and Solum thickness: More than 80 inches thick medium roots; few fine vesicular and tubular Clay content in the control section: 40 to 60 percent pores; few quartzite pebbles; neutral; clear wavy Redoximorphic features: Relict iron concentrations in boundary. shades of brown, yellow, or olive and iron A2—15 to 22 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay; depletions in shades of gray range from none to few fine faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) relict iron common depletions and few fine distinct strong brown Other distinctive soil features: Unless cultivated, there (7.5YR 5/6) relict iron concentrations; moderate is galgai microrelief with microknolls about 6 to 10 medium angular blocky structure; very hard, very inches higher than microdepressions; when dry, firm; many fine and medium roots; few fine cracks 1 to 3 inches wide extend from the surface vesicular and tubular pores; few pressure faces; to a depth of more than 40 inches, and the cracks few quartzite pebbles; slightly acid; gradual wavy are open for 60 to 90 cumulative days during most boundary. years; slickensides begin at a depth of 12 to 22 Bss1—22 to 33 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; inches; the amplitude of waviness of mollic to common medium prominent red (2.5YR 5/8) relict nonmollic colors ranges from 20 inches thick on the iron concentrations and few medium distinct very microknolls to about 50 inches in the dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic concentrations; microdepressions moderate medium and coarse angular blocky Reaction: A horizon—moderately acid to slightly structure; very hard, very firm; common fine roots; alkaline; Bss horizon—moderately acid to few fine vesicular and tubular pores; many moderately alkaline; Bkss, BCss (where present), slickensides; few fine masses, concretions, and and BCkss horizons—neutral to moderately alkaline threads of calcium carbonate; few quartzite pebbles; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. A horizon: Bss2—33 to 40 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; few fine Color—hue of 10YR or 5Y, value of 2 or 3, and prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) relict chroma of 1 or less concentrations; moderate medium angular blocky Redoximorphic features—none Trinity County, Texas 113

Texture—clay A—0 to 4 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam; weak Other features—thickness is variable due to fine granular structure; soft, friable; common fine microrelief, ranging from 6 inches on the roots; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. microknolls to 22 inches in the microdepressions E—4 to 7 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; Thickness—12 to 22 inches thick massive; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. Bss and Bkss horizons: Bt1—7 to 15 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) clay; common fine Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 3 to 6, distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) relict iron and chroma of 2 or less concentrations and common medium distinct gray Redoximorphic features—relict iron concentrations (10YR 6/1) relict iron depletions; weak medium in shades of brown, yellow, or olive range from subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; none to common common fine roots; few pressure faces; common Texture—clay clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Other features—concretions, masses, and threads Bt2—15 to 32 inches; 35 percent red (2.5YR 4/8), 25 of calcium carbonate range from none to percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 20 percent common brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), and 20 percent gray Thickness—18 to 40 inches thick (10YR 6/1) clay; weak fine angular blocky BCss horizon (where present) and BCkss horizon: structure; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 4 to 6, common pressure faces; common clay films; and chroma of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—relict iron concentrations Btss1—32 to 38 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay; many in shades of brown, yellow, and olive and iron medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and depletions in shades of gray range from few to few fine prominent red relict iron concentrations; many common medium faint light gray (10YR 7/1) relict Texture—clay iron depletions; strong fine angular blocky Other features—few or common concretions, structure; extremely hard, extremely firm; few fine masses, and threads of calcium carbonate; none roots; common slickensides; moderately acid; clear to few gypsum crystals wavy boundary. Thickness—10 to 26 inches thick Btss2—38 to 54 inches; 45 percent gray (10YR 6/1), 30 percent light gray (10YR 7/1), and 25 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay; strong fine angular Etoile Series blocky structure; extremely hard, extremely firm; few fine roots; common slickensides; many hard Depth class: Deep iron-manganese concretions; few ironstone Drainage class: Moderately well drained pebbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary. Permeability: Very slow BCssk—54 to 58 inches; 35 percent gray (10YR 5/1), 35 Landscape: Coastal plain percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), and 30 Landform: Uplands percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay; strong Parent material: Clayey coastal plain sediments fine angular blocky structure; extremely hard, Slope range: 1 to 20 percent extremely firm; few fine roots; common Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic slickensides; common calcium carbonate Hapludalfs concretions; few ironstone pebbles; slightly Associated soils: Herty and Moswell alkaline; clear wavy boundary. • Herty and Moswell soils are more acid throughout the Ck—58 to 66 inches; 25 percent light olive brown (2.5Y subsoil; in addition, Herty soils are grayish 5/4), 25 percent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4), 25 percent throughout gray (10YR 5/1), and 25 percent yellowish brown Typical Pedon (10YR 5/8) shale with texture of clay; massive; Etoile loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, is located from Farm extremely hard, extremely firm; few calcium Road 355 in Groveton, 1.3 miles east on U.S. Highway carbonate concretions; slightly alkaline; clear wavy 287, 10 miles northeast on Farm Road 2262, 2 miles boundary. north on Farm Road 357, 100 feet west on lane, 100 Cy1—66 to 72 inches; 25 percent brownish yellow feet north in woods; USGS Apple Springs topographic (10YR 6/8), 25 percent white (10YR 8/1), 25 quadrangle; latitude 31 degrees 08 minutes 56 seconds percent gray (10YR 6/1), and 25 percent light olive N.; longitude 94 degrees 57 minutes 16 seconds W. brown (2.5Y 5/4) shale with texture of clay; 114 Soil Survey

massive; extremely hard, extremely firm; common Btss horizon and Btkss horizon (where present): gypsum crystals; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy Color—matrix colors mainly in shades of brown, boundary. gray, or olive Cy2—72 to 80 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) shale Redoximorphic features—relict iron concentrations with texture of clay; common fine distinct brownish in shades of red or yellow and relict iron yellow (10YR 6/8) relict concentrations; massive; depletions in shades of gray are few or common extremely hard, extremely firm; few gypsum Texture—clay or silty clay crystals; moderately alkaline. Other features—calcium carbonate films, masses, or concretions range from none to few in the Range in Characteristics upper part and from few to many in the lower Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches part of most pedons Clay content in the control section: 40 to 60 percent Thickness—20 to 45 inches thick Redoximorphic features: Relict iron depletions with BC horizon: chroma of 2 or less and relict iron concentrations Color—matrix colors mainly in shades of brown, with chroma of 3 or more are throughout the gray, or olive subsoil and substratum 1 Redoximorphic features—relict iron concentrations Other distinctive soil features: Cracks /2 inch or more in shades of red or yellow and relict iron wide in the top of the argillic horizon extend to a depletions in shades of gray are few or common depth of more than 12 inches for 60 to 90 Texture—clay or silty clay cumulative days in most years; subhorizon of the Other features—calcium carbonate films, masses, argillic horizon more than 6 inches thick has or concretions range from few to many in the slickensides and wedge-shaped peds lower part of most pedons Reaction: A and E horizons—strongly acid to slightly Thickness—20 to 45 inches thick acid; Bt and upper Btss horizons—strongly acid or moderately acid; lower Btss, Btkss (where Ck and Cy horizons: present), and BC horizons—slightly acid to Color—shades of gray, brown, or yellow moderately alkaline; Ck and Cy horizons—neutral to Redoximorphic features—relict iron concentrations moderately alkaline in shades of red or yellow and relict iron depletions in shades of gray are few or common A horizon: Texture—variegated, bedded, or platy shale or marl Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of and shale with clay loam or clay texture 2 or 3 Other features—concretions, seams, and/or Redoximorphic features—none masses of calcium carbonate range from few to Texture—loam many in most pedons Other features—none Thickness—3 to 6 inches thick E horizon: Fuller Series Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of Depth class: Deep 2 to 4 Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Redoximorphic features—none Permeability: Very slow Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or Landscape: Coastal plain loam Landform: Uplands Other features—none Parent material: Stratified mudstone or shale Thickness—0 to 6 inches thick Slope range: 0 to 3 percent Bt horizon: Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, siliceous, Color—hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of superactive, thermic Albic Glossic Natraqualfs 4 or 5, and chroma of 4, 6, or 8 Associated soils: Keltys, Kurth, and Penning Redoximorphic features—relict iron concentrations • Keltys and Kurth soils are in slightly higher landscape in shades of red or brown and relict iron positions and are better drained; in addition, Keltys depletions in shades of gray are few or common soils are in a coarse-loamy family, and Kurth soils Texture—clay have chroma of more than 2 in the Bt horizon Other features—none • Penning soils are in similar positions and have higher Thickness—4 to 12 inches thick chroma colors in the subsoil Trinity County, Texas 115

Typical Pedon A horizon: Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of Fuller fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, is located 2 from Pennington, 7.1 miles east on Farm Road 358, 3.5 Redoximorphic features—none miles northwest on U.S. Forest Service Road 502, 100 Texture—fine sandy loam feet south on road in woods; USGS Pennington Other features—aluminum saturation of the A topographic quadrangle; latitude 31 degrees 14 horizon and upper E horizon ranges from 20 to minutes 00 seconds N.; longitude 95 degrees 08 40 percent minutes 18 seconds W. Thickness—3 to 8 inches thick A—0 to 7 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy Eg horizon: loam; weak medium granular structure; soft, Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of friable; many fine medium and coarse roots; very 1 or 2 strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with none Eg—7 to 27 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine to many iron concentrations in shades of red and sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; soft, brown friable; common fine roots; very strongly acid; Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or gradual wavy boundary. loam Btng/Eg1—27 to 35 inches; 70 percent grayish brown Other features—in most pedons, the E horizon (10YR 5/2) loam (Bt); 30 percent light gray (10YR contains wavy strata of silty clay loam material 7/2) sandy loam (Eg) intrusions of albic material 15 that has hue of 10YR, with value of 4 or 5, and to 25 millimeters wide between peds that are clay chroma of 1 or 2; sodium adsorption ratio depletions resulting from aquic conditions; weak ranges from 1 to 5 in the lower E horizon fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few Thickness—18 to 40 inches thick fine roots; few clay films; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Btng/E horizon: Btng/Eg2—35 to 45 inches; 75 percent grayish brown Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of (10YR 5/2) loam; 25 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) 1 or 2 sandy loam (Eg) intrusions of albic material 15 to Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with none 25 millimeters wide between peds that are clay to many iron concentrations in shades of red and depletions resulting from aquic conditions; weak brown fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; Texture—loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam common fine roots; few clay films; few pockets of Other features—E part consists of intrusions of white salts; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR albic material or filled crayfish holes in hue of 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 or 3; this accumulation with diffuse boundaries throughout; gives a color pattern with yellow or olive very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. interiors, dark gray rinds, and grayish filling 2C—45 to 65 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) between mudstone; massive; hard, firm; few masses of Thickness—6 to 20 inches thick white salts; very strongly acid. 2C horizon: Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, and 5Y, value of 5 to 7, Range in Characteristics and chroma of 2 to 4. Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches Redoximorphic features—lithochromic mottles in Clay content in the control section: 18 to 35 percent shades of brown or yellow range from none to Redoximorphic features: Depleted matrix with iron common and are mainly in the interior of peds concentrations and clay depletions Texture—conchoidally fractured mudstone that has Other distinctive soil features: Sodium adsorption ratio texture of loam, clay, or clay loam ranges from 13 to 20 in the upper part of the Other features—barite and gypsum range from a control section few masses or crystals to less than 3 percent in Reaction: A and E horizons—very strongly acid to most pedons; electrical conductivity ranges from moderately acid; Btng/E horizon—slightly acid to 1 to 4 mmhos/cm; sodium adsorption ratio moderately alkaline; 2C horizon—neutral to ranges from 10 to 20, but is greater than 13 in moderately alkaline (reaction in the subsoil and the upper part substratum vary seasonally, however, and become Thickness—6 to 15 inches thick very strongly acid during the dry parts of the year) 116 Soil Survey

Garner Series common worm casts; common slickensides; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. Depth class: Very deep Bss3—33 to 40 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Drainage class: Moderately well drained clay; common medium distinct yellowish brown Permeability: Very slow (10YR 5/8) iron concentrations; moderate fine Landscape: Coastal plain angular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; Landform: Ancient stream terraces common fine roots; few fine pores; common worm Parent material: Clayey alluvial sediments casts; common slickensides; moderately acid; Slope range: 0 to 1 percent gradual wavy boundary. Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic Bss4—40 to 51 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay; common Oxyaquic Hapluderts fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR Associated soils: Annona and Eastham 5/8) iron concentrations; moderate fine angular • Annona and Eastham soils are in slightly higher blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; terrace positions; in addition, Annona soils have an common fine roots; few fine pores; common worm argillic horizon casts; common slickensides; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. Typical Pedon BCss—51 to 80 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) Garner clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes, is located from clay; common fine distinct yellow (10YR 7/6) iron Groveton, 13.8 miles south and southwest on Farm concentrations; weak moderate subangular blocky Road 355, 5.1 miles east on Farm Road 356, 200 feet structure; extremely hard, very firm; common fine north of highway in Gibbs tract, USGS Carlisle roots; few fine pores; common worm casts; topographic quadrangle; latitude 30 degrees 51 common slickensides; few streaks of pale yellow minutes 39 seconds N.; longitude 95 degrees 11 (2.5Y 7/4) C material; moderately acid. minutes 32 seconds W. Range in Characteristics A—0 to 3 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; many Solum thickness: More than 80 inches medium distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) and Clay content in the control section: 40 to 60 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) iron concentrations; Redoximorphic features: Redoximorphic features are moderate medium subangular blocky structure; considered to be mainly relict, and the soil does not very hard, very firm; many fine and medium roots; have aquic conditions during most years few fine pores; common worm casts; strongly acid; 1 Other distinctive soil features: When dry, cracks /2 to clear wavy boundary. more than 1 inch wide extend from the surface to a Bw—3 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) depth of more than 12 inches; depth to slickensides clay; moderate medium subangular blocky and/or wedge-shaped peds ranges from 10 to 24 structure; extremely hard, very firm; many fine and inches; undisturbed areas have gilgai microrelief medium roots; few fine pores; common worm with microknolls 3 to 15 inches above the casts; few slickenslides; many medium distinct microdepressions; distance from the center of the brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) iron concentrations and microknoll to the center of the microdepression many medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR ranges from 4 to about 15 feet 6/2) iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual wavy Reaction: A horizon—strongly acid to slightly alkaline; boundary. Bw, Bss, and BCss horizons—strongly acid to Bss1—11 to 21 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moderately alkaline clay; moderate medium subangular blocky parting to moderate medium angular blocky structure; A horizon: extremely hard, very firm; many fine and medium Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma roots; few fine pores; common worm casts; many of 1 medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) iron Redoximorphic features—iron concentrations in concentrations; common slickenslides; moderately shades of brown and iron depletions in shades acid; gradual wavy boundary. of gray range from none to common Bss2—21 to 33 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) clay; Texture—clay common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR Other features—none 5/8) iron concentrations; moderate medium Thickness—3 to 10 inches thick angular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; common fine and medium roots; few fine pores; Trinity County, Texas 117

Bw horizon: brown (7.5YR 3/4) iron stains; slightly acid; clear Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4, and wavy boundary. chroma of 1 or 2 Bssg1—11 to 25 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; Redoximorphic features—iron concentrations in moderate medium angular blocky structure; very shades of brown, yellow, or red; iron depletions hard, very firm; common fine and medium roots; in shades of gray with sharp boundaries common slickensides; many medium prominent Texture—clay yellowish red (5YR 5/8) redoximorphic Other features—none concentrations; moderately acid; gradual wavy Thickness—0 to 12 inches thick boundary. Bssg2—25 to 48 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; Bss and BCss horizons: moderate medium angular blocky structure; Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and extremely hard, very firm; common fine and chroma of 1 or 2 medium roots; common slickensides; common fine Redoximorphic features—iron concentrations in distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and common shades of brown, yellow, or red and iron medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) depletions in shades of gray with sharp redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; gradual boundaries range from few to a variegated wavy boundary. matrix of these colors Bssg3—48 to 64 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay; Texture—clay moderate medium angular blocky structure; Other features—some pedons have few or common extremely hard, very firm; common fine roots; few masses and/or concretions of calcium carbonate fine faint brown redoximorphic concentrations; in the lower part; gypsum crystals are few or common slickensides; slightly acid; gradual wavy common in some pedons boundary. Thickness—20 to 60 inches thick Bssg4—64 to 80 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; Gladewater Series extremely hard, very firm; common fine roots; common slickensides; common medium faint dark Depth class: Very deep gray (10YR 4/1) coatings along cracks; neutral. Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Range in Characteristics Permeability: Very slow Landscape: Coastal plain Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Landform: Flood plains Clay content in the control section: 60 to 75 percent Parent material: Clayey alluvial sediments Redoximorphic features: Iron depletions in shades of Slope range: 0 to 1 percent gray and iron concentrations in shades of brown or Taxonomic classification: Very-fine, smectitic, thermic yellow range from few to many throughout the Chromic Endoaquerts subsoil Associated soils: Garner and Eastham Other distinctive soil features: This is a cyclic soil, and • Garner and Eastham soils have a fine-textured undisturbed areas have gilgai microrelief with control section and are in higher landscape microknolls 6 to 10 inches higher than positions microdepressions; distance from the center of the Typical Pedon microknoll to the center of the microdepression ranges from about 4 to 12 feet; microknoll makes Gladewater clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently up about 20 percent, the intermediate area flooded, is located from Farm Road 230 in Trinity, 2.5 between the knoll and depression about 50 miles south on Texas Highway 19, 1.4 miles west on percent, and the microdepression about 30 farm road, 900 feet south of road in pasture; USGS percent; amplitude of waviness between the A Trinity West topographic quadrangle; latitude 30 horizon and high value colors in the lower horizons degrees 54 minutes 15 seconds N.; longitude 95 ranges from about 3 to 16 inches; chimneys of high degrees 23 minutes 52 seconds W. value materials on microknolls make up less than 3 1 Ap—0 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) percent of the surface area; cracks /2 inch to 2 clay; moderate medium subangular blocky inches wide extend from the surface to a depth of structure; very hard, very firm; common fine and more than 20 inches when the soil is dry, and the medium roots; few worm casts; few fine dark cracks remain open for less than 90 cumulative 118 Soil Survey

days in most years; intersecting slickensides begin intersection with Farm Road 357, 2.2 miles north at a depth of 10 to 24 inches and extend continuing on Farm Road 2262, 0.4 mile east on U.S. throughout the solum Forest Service Road 510-F, 0.5 mile southeast on U.S. Reaction: A horizon—moderately acid to neutral; Bg Forest Service Road 510-G, 0.7 mile south and (where present) and upper Bssg horizons—very southeast on road in woods, 80 feet north of road in strongly acid to slightly acid; lower Bssg horizon— woods; USGS Diboll topographic quadrangle; latitude very strongly acid to neutral 31 degrees 09 minutes 28 seconds N.; longitude 94 degrees 52 minutes 17 seconds W. A or Ap horizon: Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of A1—0 to 3 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine 1 or 2 sand; single grained; loose, very friable; many fine Redoximorphic features—none and medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth Texture—clay boundary. Other features—none A2—3 to 7 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky Bg horizon (where present): structure; loose, very friable; strongly acid; abrupt Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and smooth boundary. chroma of 1, or value of 6 with chroma 1 or 2 B/E—7 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loamy Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades fine sand; 5 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) spots of gray and iron concentrations in shades of of uncoated sand (E); weak coarse subangular brown or yellow range from few to many blocky structure; loose, very friable; common fine Texture—clay roots; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Other features—none Bw1—18 to 33 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Bssg horizon and BCssg horizon (where present): loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and structure; loose, very friable; common fine roots; chroma 1 or 2 strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades Bw2—33 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 6/6) of gray and iron concentrations in shades of loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky brown or yellow range from few to many structure; loose, very friable; common fine roots; Texture—clay common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) Other features—gypsum crystals range from none pockets of fine sand; very strongly acid; gradual to common in the lower part wavy boundary. Bw3—38 to 54 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 6/6) loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky Hainesville Series structure; loose, very friable; common fine roots; few dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) lamellae less than 0.5 Depth class: Very deep centimeters thick; very strongly acid; gradual wavy Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained boundary. Permeability: Rapid B&E—54 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 6/6) Landscape: Coastal plain loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky Landform: Stream terraces structure; loose, very friable; common fine roots; Parent material: Coastal plain sandy alluvial sediments few strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) lamellae less than Slope range: 0 to 2 percent 0.5 centimeters thick; very strongly acid. Taxonomic classification: Thermic, coated Lamellic Quartzipsamments Range in Characteristics Associated soils: Alazan and Austonio • Alazan soils are in slightly lower positions and are Solum thickness: More than 80 inches wetter Clay content in the control section: 10 to 18 percent • Austonio soils are in slightly higher positions and Redoximorphic features: None have a loamy argillic horizon Other distinctive soil features: Lamellae are within a depth of 40 to 72 inches and range from 0.1 to 2.5 Typical Pedon centimeters thick, and the cumulative thickness is Hainesville loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is less than 6 inches (15 centimeters); the soil is dry located from Groveton, 1.3 miles east on U.S. Highway in the moisture control section 60 to 90 cumulative 287, 15.4 miles northeast on Farm Road 2262 to days in most years; rounded quartzite or ironstone Trinity County, Texas 119

pebbles range from very few to about 3 percent in woodland; USGS Pennington topographic quadrangle; most pedons latitude 31 degrees 08 minutes 47 seconds N.; Reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid throughout longitude 95 degrees 12 minutes 30 seconds W. A or Ap horizon: A—0 to 3 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 6, and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, chroma of 3 or 4 friable; many coarse and medium roots; very Redoximorphic features—none strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Texture—loamy fine sand E—3 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; weak Other features—none fine subangular blocky structure; many coarse and Thickness—3 to 8 inches thick medium roots; slightly hard, friable; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. E part of B/E horizon, E horizon (where present) and E Bt—8 to 23 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay; part of E/B horizon (where present): weak medium angular blocky structure; extremely Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 6 to 8, and hard, extremely firm; many coarse, medium, and chroma of 3 or 4 fine roots; few pressure faces; few patchy clay Redoximorphic features—none films; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Texture—fine sand or loamy fine sand Btss—23 to 48 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) Other features—none clay; weak medium angular blocky structure; Thickness—0 to 15 inches thick extremely hard, extremely firm; common fine and B part of B/E, Bw, and B&E horizons and B part of E/B medium roots; common slickensides; common clay horizon (where present): films; few fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Color—hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 5 to 7, clay depletions on surfaces of peds; strongly acid; and chroma of 6 or 8 gradual wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—none 2Cy—48 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) shale with Texture—fine sand or loamy fine sand texture of clay; massive; extremely hard, extremely Other features—B&E horizon has lamellae firm; few fine roots; 5 to 10 percent gypsum; few Thickness—40 to 70 inches thick black iron-manganese coatings; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics Herty Series Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches Depth class: Deep Clay content in the control section: 35 to 45 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Redoximorphic features: Depleted matrix with iron Permeability: Very slow concentrations throughout the subsoil; Landscape: Coastal plain redoximorphic features are both contemporary and Landform: Uplands relict; the soil does not have aquic soil conditions in Parent material: Coastal plain shale most years Slope range: 0 to 3 percent Other distinctive soil features: When dry, the soil has 1 Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic cracks /2 inch wide or more in the subsoil that Oxyaquic Vertic Hapludalfs extend to a depth of more than 12 inches; the soil Associated soils: Fuller, Keltys, and Moswell is dry in the moisture control section for 60 to 90 • Fuller soils are in similar landscape positions and days in most years; depth to slickensides and/or have less than 35 percent clay throughout wedge-shaped peds ranges from 12 to 26 inches; • Keltys and Moswell soils are in slightly higher, better the exchangeable sodium ranges from 8 to 20 drained positions; in addition, Keltys soils have a percent, and the sodium adsorption ratio ranges coarse-loamy particle-size control section, and from 6 to 13 throughout the argillic horizon; the soil Moswell soils have a very-fine control section, are is seasonally wet in the surface layer and upper well drained, and are reddish in the upper Bt part of the subsoil horizon Reaction: A and E horizons—very strongly acid to moderately acid; Bt horizon—extremely acid to Typical Pedon strongly acid; Btss horizon—extremely acid to Herty loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, is located from moderately acid; 2Cy horizon—extremely acid to Groveton, 12.5 miles northwest on U.S. Highway 287, slightly acid 0.4 mile north on county road, 50 feet east of road in 120 Soil Survey

A horizon: Kellison Series Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3 Depth class: Deep Redoximorphic features—none Drainage class: Well drained Texture—loam Permeability: Very slow Other features—none Landscape: Coastal plain Thickness—2 to 10 inches thick Landform: Uplands Parent material: Coastal plain shale E horizon: Slope range: 3 to 15 percent Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic 1 to 3 Hapludalfs Redoximorphic features—none Associated soils: Etoile, Fuller, Herty, Keltys, Kurth, and Texture—very fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam Moswell Other features—none • Etoile soils are in flat to concave positions Thickness—0 to 10 inches thick • Fuller soils are in lower positions and are somewhat Bt horizon: poorly drained Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and • Herty soils are in more level positions and are chroma of 1 or 2 moderately well drained Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with few • Keltys and Kurth soils have a loamy control section or common iron concentrations in shades of red and are in similar positions or brown • Moswell soils have a very-fine control section and are Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or in similar or slightly lower positions clay Typical Pedon Other features—salinity ranges from nonsaline to slightly saline; gypsum crystals or crystalline Kellison loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes, is located from masses make up 2 to 35 percent, by volume, in the Courthouse in Groveton, 6.35 miles northwest on the lower subhorizons of most pedons U.S. Highway 287, 2 miles west on Farm Road 1280, Thickness—4 to 30 inches thick 0.3 mile north on private lane to Champion property, 0.3 mile northwest on logging road, 50 feet south of Btss horizon and BCss horizon (where present): road in pine plantation; USGS Pennington topographic Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and quadrangle; latitude 31 degrees 07 minutes 45 seconds chroma of 1 or 2 N.; longitude 95 degrees 14 minutes 04 seconds W. Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with none to common iron concentrations or depletions A—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) Texture—clay or silty clay with clay content of 40 to loam; weak medium granular structure; hard, 60 percent friable; common fine and medium roots; Other features—salinity ranges from very slightly moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. saline to moderately saline; gypsum ranges from Bt—3 to 12 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay; 2 to 35 percent, by volume, and is in very fine weak medium subangular blocky structure; very crystalline masses or large crystals up to 10 hard, very firm; common fine and medium roots; centimeters across few pressure faces; few patchy clay films; very Thickness—4 to 30 inches thick strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Btss—12 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay; 2Cy horizon: moderate medium angular blocky structure; very Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 5 or 6, hard, very firm; few fine roots; common and chroma of 2 to 4 slickensides; common clay films; very strongly acid; Redoximorphic features—none gradual wavy boundary. Texture—shale or mudstone with texture of clay Bt/C—28 to 40 inches; 95 percent brown (10YR 5/3) loam or clay clay (Bt); 5 percent pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) soft Other features—visible gypsum and barite crystals weathered shale (C) with texture of clay; weak are in most pedons; calcite, jarosite, and medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, natrojarosite are in some pedons very firm; few slickensides; few clay films; very Thickness—0 to 15 inches thick strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. Trinity County, Texas 121

C/B—40 to 50 inches; 90 percent pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) C/B or C horizon: soft weathered shale (C) with texture of clay; 10 Color—hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 3 percent brown (10YR 5/3) clay (B); very strongly to 7, and chroma of 1 to 3 acid. Redoximorphic features—none Texture—shale or shale interbedded with mudstone Range in Characteristics with texture of clay loam or clay Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches Other features—masses and/or crystals of gypsum Clay content in the control section: 45 to 60 percent range from few to many in most pedons; sodium Redoximorphic features: Relict iron concentrations adsorption ratio ranges from 2 to 13 Other distinctive soil features: When dry, the soil has cracks that extend from the surface to a depth of 12 inches or more for 60 to 80 days during most Keltys Series years; slickensides begin at a depth of 12 to 24 Depth class: Deep inches; sodium adsorption ratio ranges from 2 to 9 Drainage class: Moderately well drained in the upper Bt horizon and from 2 to 12 in the Permeability: Slow lower part, and it commonly increases with depth Landscape: Coastal plain Reaction: A and E (where present) horizons—very Landform: Uplands strongly acid to moderately acid; Bt and Btss Parent material: Coastal plain mudstone horizons—extremely acid to strongly acid; C Slope range: 1 to 8 percent horizon—very strongly acid to neutral Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, A horizon: semiactive, thermic Oxyaquic Glossudalfs Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and Associated soils: Fuller, Herty, Kurth, Penning, and chroma of 2 to 3 Rosenwall Redoximorphic features—none • Fuller and Penning soils are somewhat poorly drained Texture—loam and are in slightly lower positions Other features—none • Herty and Rosenwall soils are in similar positions and Thickness—2 to 6 inches thick have a clayey argillic horizon • Kurth soils are in similar positions E horizon (where present): Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and Typical Pedon chroma of 2 or 3 Keltys fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, is located Redoximorphic features—none in woodland from Pennington, 7.1 miles east on Farm Texture—very fine sandy loam or loam Road 358, 0.8 mile northwest on U.S. Forest Service Other features—none Road 502, 1 mile north on U.S. Forest Service Road Thickness—0 to 6 inches thick 505, 100 feet west of road, USGS Crecy topographic Bt horizon: quadrangle; latitude 31 degrees 12 minutes 57 seconds Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and N.; longitude 95 degrees 07 minutes 29 seconds W. chroma of 2 or 3 A—0 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy Redoximorphic features—few or common relict iron loam; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, concentrations in shades of red or brown very friable; common fine and medium roots; Texture—clay loam, silty clay, or clay strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Other features—none E—6 to 14 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy Thickness—7 to 21 inches thick loam; weak fine granular structure; loose, very Btss horizon: friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 3 to 7, and smooth boundary. chroma of 2 to 4 Bt/E—14 to 36 inches; 75 percent brownish yellow Redoximorphic features—few or common relict iron (10YR 6/6) loam (Bt); 25 percent light brownish concentrations in shades of red or brown gray (10YR 6/2) fine sandy loam (E) intrusions of Texture—silty clay or clay albic material 15 to 25 millimeters wide between Other features—masses and/or crystals of gypsum, peds; moderate medium subangular blocky mainly in the lower part, range from none to structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; common few patchy clay films; very strongly acid; gradual Thickness—20 to 30 inches thick wavy boundary. 122 Soil Survey

E/Bt—36 to 56 inches; 60 percent pale brown (10YR increase with depth and make up more than 50 6/3) sandy loam (E); 40 percent brownish yellow percent in the lower part of some pedons (10YR 6/6) loam (Bt); few medium distinct reddish Thickness—10 to 30 inches thick yellow (7.5YR 6/8) iron concentrations; moderate 2C horizon: medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, Color—weakly consolidated sandstone or mudstone friable; common fine roots; common patchy clay or stratified with layers of both materials films; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—none 2C1—56 to 62 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam mudstone with texture of clay loam; common Other features—none medium distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Thickness—0 to 12 inches thick iron concentrations; massive; hard; few white spots of salts; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. Kitterll Series 2C2—62 to 86 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) mudstone with texture of clay loam; common medium distinct Depth class: Very shallow brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) lithochromic mottles; Drainage class: Well drained massive; hard; very strongly acid. Permeability: Moderate Landscape: Coastal plain Range in Characteristics Landform: Uplands Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches Parent material: Coastal plain tuffaceous sandstone and Clay content in the control section: 9 to 17 percent siltstone Redoximorphic features: Iron concentrations or masses Slope range: 1 to 15 percent in shades of red or brown range from none to Taxonomic classification: Loamy, siliceous, active, common in the subsoil nonacid, thermic, shallow Typic Udorthents Other distinctive soil features: None Associated soils: Colita and Lovelady Reaction: A horizon—strongly acid to slightly acid; E • Colita soils have an argillic horizon and a solum horizon—strongly acid or moderately acid; Bt/E and thicker than 20 inches E/Bt horizons—extremely acid to strongly acid; 2C • Lovelady soils have a thicker solum and a sandy horizon—very strongly acid to slightly acid epipedon more than 20 inches thick A horizon: Typical Pedon Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of Kitterll fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, is located 2 or 3 from U.S. Highway 287 in Groveton, 6.5 miles south Redoximorphic features—none and southwest on Farm Road 355 to Champion gate on Texture—fine sandy loam south side of road, through gate and 1 mile south on Other features—none timber company road, 100 feet west in pine plantation Thickness—7 to 27 inches thick area; USGS Chita topographic quadrangle; latitude 30 E horizon: degrees 53 minutes 38 seconds N.; longitude 95 Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of degrees 08 minutes 58 seconds W. 2 or 3 A1—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; Redoximorphic features—none massive; slightly hard, friable; common fine and Texture—fine sandy loam or loamy very fine sand medium roots; moderately acid; clear smooth Other features—none boundary. Thickness—0 to 20 inches thick A2—6 to 12 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine Bt/E and E/Bt horizons: sandy loam; massive; slightly hard, friable; few Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and fine and medium roots; strongly acid; abrupt chroma of 4 or 6 smooth boundary. Redoximorphic features—none to common iron Cr—12 to 15 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) concentrations or masses in shades of red or sandstone; common red (2.5YR 4/8) and yellowish brown red (5YR 5/6) stains on fractures. Texture—mainly fine sandy loam, but ranges to Range in Characteristics loam or sandy clay loam in the lower part Other features—albic streaks (E) make up 15 to 50 Solum thickness: 4 to 14 inches percent, by volume; typically, albic streaks Clay content in the control section: 10 to 25 percent Trinity County, Texas 123

Redoximorphic features: None hard, friable; common fine roots; very strongly Other distinctive soil features: None acid; gradual wavy boundary. Reaction: A horizon—strongly acid to slightly acid Bw2—21 to 32 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; few fine faint dark brown (10YR 4/3) iron A horizon: concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; 2 or 3 very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—none Ab—32 to 46 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt Texture—fine sandy loam loam; few fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Other features—none iron depletions; weak medium subangular blocky Thickness—4 to 14 inches thick structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; very Cr horizon: strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y Bb1—46 to 54 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt Redoximorphic features—none loam; few fine faint dark brown (10YR 5/3) iron Texture—strongly to weakly cemented tuffaceous concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky siltstone, mudstone, or sandstone structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few Other features—none fine faint light gray (10YR 7/1) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Bb2—54 to 84 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) Koury Series loam; few fine distinct brown (10YR 5/3) iron concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky Depth class: Very deep structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; few fine faint Drainage class: Moderately well drained brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) iron concentrations Permeability: Moderately slow lining pores; very strongly acid. Landscape: Coastal plain Landform: Flood plains Range in Characteristics Parent material: Loamy alluvium Solum thickness: 80 inches Slope range: 0 to 1 percent Clay content in the control section: 10 to 17 percent Taxonomic classification: Coarse-silty, siliceous, Redoximorphic features: Iron concentrations and iron superactive, thermic Oxyaquic Eutrudepts depletions throughout the subsoil Associated soils: Fuller, Moten, Multey, Ozias, Penning, Other distinctive soil features: Base saturation ranges and Pophers from 60 to 80 percent in subhorizon at a depth of • Fuller, Moten, Multey, and Penning soils have an 10 to 30 inches argillic horizon and are on associated terraces or Reaction: A horizon—extremely acid to strongly acid; low uplands Bw, Ab, and Bb horizons—extremely acid or very • Pophers soils are in similar flood plain positions, are strongly acid more clayey, and are somewhat poorly drained A horizon: Typical Pedon Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of Koury silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently 2 to 4 flooded, is located from Groveton, 16 miles northeast Redoximorphic features—none on Texas Highway 94 to Apple Springs, from Farm Road Texture—silt loam 357-East in Apple Springs, 2.4 miles northeast Other features—electrical conductivity ranges from continuing on Texas Highway 94, 2.2 miles southeast on 0 to 2 mmhos/cm Farm Road 2262, 200 feet southwest in National Forest Thickness—8 to 20 inches thick woods; USGS Apple Springs topographic quadrangle; Bw horizon: latitude 31 degrees 13 minutes 41 seconds N.; Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of longitude 94 degrees 55 minutes 03 seconds W. 3 to 4 A—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt Redoximorphic features—iron concentrations in loam; weak medium granular structure; slightly shades of red, yellow, or brown; iron depletions hard, friable; common fine and medium roots; in shades of gray strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Texture—very fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam; Bw1—7 to 21 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; some pedons have thin bedding planes of silty weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly clay loam or clay loam 124 Soil Survey

Other features—electrical conductivity ranges from slightly hard, friable; common fine and medium 0 to 2 mmhos/cm roots; few streaks of pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy Thickness—5 to 15 inches thick fine sand albic material on horizontal faces of peds; common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR Ab and Bb horizons: 6/6) redoximorphic concentrations; few quartzite Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of pebbles and petrified wood fragments; strongly 1 or 2 acid; gradual wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with none Bt/E—30 to 37 inches; 75 percent yellowish brown to common iron concentrations in shades of (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam (Bt); 25 percent light brown, red, or yellow brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sandy loam (E) Texture—loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam intrusions of albic material 15 to 25 millimeters Other features—electrical conductivity ranges from wide between peds; weak medium prismatic 1 to 4 mmhos/cm structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine and medium roots; common medium prominent red Kurth Series (2.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Depth class: Very deep 2Btg—37 to 57 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) clay loam; Drainage class: Moderately well drained moderate medium prismatic structure; hard, firm; Permeability: Slow few fine roots; many coarse prominent red (2.5YR Landscape: Coastal plain 5/8) and few fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR Landform: Uplands 6/8) redoximorphic concentrations; very strongly Parent material: Loamy coastal plain marine sediments acid; gradual wavy boundary. Slope range: 1 to 8 percent 2CB—57 to 80 inches; reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, siliceous, stratified soft sandstone and mudstone with texture semiactive, thermic Oxyaquic Glossudalfs of sandy clay loam; hard, friable; few fine roots; Associated soils: Fuller, Herty, Keltys, Moswell, Penning, very strongly acid. and Rosenwall Range in Characteristics • Fuller soils have a grayish fine-loamy control section • Herty and Penning soils are in slightly lower, wetter Solum thickness: More than 60 inches positions; in addition, Herty soils have higher Clay content in the control section: 20 to 30 percent shrink-swell potential Redoximorphic features: Iron concentrations and iron • Keltys, Moswell, and Rosenwall soils are in similar depletions throughout the subsoil positions; in addition, Moswell and Rosenwall soils Other distinctive soil features: Silt content ranges from have a clayey control section 15 to 30 percent; base saturation ranges from 35 to 60 percent in the argillic horizon Typical Pedon Reaction: A horizon—strongly acid to slightly acid; E, Bt, Typical pedon of Kurth fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent and Bt/E horizons—strongly acid or moderately slopes, is located from Pennington, 7.1 miles east on acid; 2Bt, 2CB, and 2C (where present) horizons— Farm Road 358, 5.2 miles northwest on U.S. Forest extremely acid to moderately acid Service Road 502, 0.4 mile west on U.S. Forest Service Road 502-A, 0.3 mile north on road in woods; USGS A horizon: Pennington topographic quadrangle; latitude 31 Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of degrees 15 minutes 15 seconds N.; longitude 95 2 or 3 degrees 08 minutes 04 seconds W. Redoximorphic features—none Texture—fine sandy loam A—0 to 7 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy Other features—none loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; loose, Thickness—4 to 16 inches thick very friable; many medium and coarse roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. E horizon: E—7 to 17 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; loose, 2 to 4 very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; Redoximorphic features—none clear smooth boundary. Texture—fine sandy loam Bt1—17 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Other features—none sandy clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure; Thickness—6 to 28 inches thick Trinity County, Texas 125

Bt/E horizon and Bt horizon (where present): penetrating the Bt horizon and have weakly Color—hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of consolidated sandstone or mudstone at 40 to 60 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 or 8; the lower part has inches hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 to • Moten soils have more grayish colors due to wetness 4 and have more than 18 percent clay in the lower Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades part of the solum of gray and masses of iron accumulation in • Rayburn soils have reddish, clayey argillic horizons, shades of red or brown range from few to many have weakly consolidated tuffaceous siltstone and Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy clay loam; the sandstone within 60 inches, and are on nearby side texture in the lower part is sandy clay loam or slopes clay loam Typical Pedon Other features—albic streaks (E) make up 10 to about 40 percent, but some subhorizons have 15 Laska fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, is located percent or more of this material from Groveton, 13.8 miles southwest on Farm Road Thickness—20 to 40 inches thick 355, 4.5 miles southeast on Farm Road 356, 1.8 miles north-northeast on timber road, 200 feet north of road 2Bt horizon: in woods; USGS Chita topographic quadrangle; latitude Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 30 degrees 52 minutes 42 seconds N.; longitude 95 1 or 2 degrees 10 minutes 53 seconds W. Redoximorphic features—few to many iron concentrations in shades of red or brown A—0 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy Texture—clay loam or clay loam; weak fine granular structure; soft, very Other features—electronic conductivity ranges from friable; common fine and medium roots; strongly 0 to 2 mmhos/cm acid; clear wavy boundary. E1—6 to 14 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy 2CB horizon and 2C horizon (where present): loam; weak fine granular structure; soft, very Color—mainly in shades of brown or gray with friable; common fine and medium roots; strongly strata, streaks, or masses in these colors, or in acid; clear wavy boundary. shades of yellow or red E2—14 to 24 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Redoximorphic features—none fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky Texture—weakly consolidated sandstone or structure; loose, very friable; few medium roots; mudstone with texture of fine sandy loam, sandy common very fine and fine vesicular pores; clay loam, or clay loam, or is stratified with common fine irregular brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) these materials; some pedons are stratified with masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual shale and/or siltstone wavy boundary. Other features—electrical conductivity ranges from Bt/E1—24 to 41 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; 0 to 2 mmhos/cm 25 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy fine sand materials (E); common medium distinct light Laska Series brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, Depth class: Very deep friable; few fine roots; many very fine and fine Drainage class: Moderately well drained vesicular pores; faint discontinuous yellowish Permeability: Moderately rapid brown (10YR 5/4) clay films in root channels and Landscape: Coastal plain pores; common fine irregular yellowish brown Landform: Uplands or stream terraces (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very Parent material: Tuffaceous siltstone and shale strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. Slope range: 0 to 5 percent Bt/E2—41 to 56 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, loam; 10 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy fine semiactive, thermic Oxyaquic Glossudalfs sand materials (E); common medium distinct light Associated soils: Colita, Keltys, Moten, and Rayburn brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; weak • Colita soils have a thinner surface layer, have more medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, than 18 percent clay in the upper part of the friable; few fine roots; many very fine and fine subsoil, and have a tuffaceous siltstone or shale vesicular pores; faint discontinuous brownish substratum between 40 to 60 inches deep yellow (10YR 6/6) clay films in root channels and • Keltys soils have intrusions of albic material pores; common irregular strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) 126 Soil Survey

masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or gradual wavy boundary. loamy very fine sand Bt/E3—56 to 63 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy Other features—none clay loam; 5 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy Thickness—4 to 20 inches fine sand materials (E); many medium distinct light Bt horizon (where present): brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions and Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of common medium prominent red (2.5YR 5/8) iron 2 or 3 concentrations; moderate medium subangular Redoximorphic features—few to many iron blocky structure; slightly hard, firm; slightly sticky depletions in shades of gray and iron and slightly plastic; few fine roots; common very concentrations in shades of brown or yellow fine and fine vesicular pores; common faint patchy Texture—fine sandy loam or very fine sandy loam yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay films on faces of Other features—none peds and in pores; very strongly acid; clear wavy Thickness—6 to 15 inches boundary. 2Cr—63 to 70 inches; 60 percent light yellowish brown Bt/E horizon: (2.5Y 6/3) and olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6), 30 percent Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), and 10 percent 2 to 4 pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) weathered bedrock; few Redoximorphic features—few to many iron medium distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) and concentrations in shades of brown or yellow and light gray (2.5Y 7/2) lithochromic mottles; iron depletions in shades of gray extremely hard, extremely firm; nonsticky and Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam nonplastic; very strongly acid. Other features—albic streaks (E) make up 5 to 40 percent, but some horizons have 15 percent or Range in Characteristics more of this material Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches Thickness—6 to 20 inches Clay content in the control section: 8 to 15 percent 2Bt/E horizon (where present): Redoximorphic features: Few to many iron depletions in Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of shades of gray and iron concentrations in shades of 2 to 4 brown or yellow throughout Redoximorphic features—few to many iron Other distinctive soil features: Quartzite pebbles range depletions in shades of gray and iron from 0 to 5 percent; some pedons have 2C concentrations in shades of brown, yellow, or horizons of grayish soft siltstone or sandstone red Reaction: A and E horizons—extremely acid to Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or loam moderately acid; Bt (where present) and Bt/E Other features—albic streaks (E) make up 5 to 40 horizons—strongly acid to moderately acid; 2Bt/E percent, but some subhorizons have 15 percent (where present) and 3Btg (where present) or more of this material horizons—strongly acid to slightly acid; 2Cr and 3Cr Thickness—6 to 20 inches (where present) horizons—strongly acid to neutral 3Btg horizon (where present): A horizon: Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2 1 or 2 Redoximorphic features—few to many iron Redoximorphic features—none to common iron depletions in shades of gray and iron depletions in shades of gray and iron concentrations in shades of brown, yellow, or concentrations in shades of brown red Texture—fine sandy loam Texture—clay loam or clay Other features—none Other features—none Thickness—0 to 15 inches Thickness—6 to 10 inches E horizon: 2Cr horizon and 3Cr horizon (where present): Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and 3 or 4 chroma of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 Redoximorphic features—few to many iron Redoximorphic features—none to many iron depletions in shades of gray and iron depletions in shades of gray and iron concentrations in shades of brown or yellow concentrations in shades of brown or yellow Trinity County, Texas 127

Texture—weathered bedrock common fine and medium roots; few clay films; Other features—none common quartzite pebbles; strongly acid; gradual Thickness—6 or more inches wavy boundary. Bt3—33 to 39 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy clay loam; common medium prominent red Latex Series (2.5YR 4/8) iron concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine Depth class: Very deep and medium roots; few clay films; strongly acid; Drainage class: Moderately well drained gradual wavy boundary. Permeability: Slow Bt4—39 to 49 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) Landscape: Coastal plain sandy clay loam; many medium prominent red Landform: Uplands (2.5YR 4/8) iron concentrations; weak fine Parent material: Loamy coastal plain sediments subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common Slope range: 1 to 3 percent fine and medium roots; 3 percent pale brown Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, siliceous, (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam pockets; common clay semiactive, thermic Glossic Paleudalfs films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Associated soils: Moswell and Sawtown Bt/E—49 to 58 inches; 90 percent yellowish brown • Moswell soils are on gently sloping to moderately (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam (Bt); 10 percent light steep stream divides or side slopes along brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sandy loam (E) drainageways and have a subsoil that is clayey intrusions of albic material 10 to 15 millimeters throughout wide between peds; many medium prominent red • Sawtown soils are in lower lying terrace positions on (2.5YR 4/8) iron concentrations; moderate medium smooth slopes or low ridges subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common Typical Pedon fine and medium roots; common clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Latex fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, is located 2Bt/E1—58 to 64 inches; 55 percent yellowish brown from Farm Road 355 in Groveton, 1.3 miles east on (10YR 5/6) and 35 percent red (2.5YR 5/6) clay U.S. Highway 287, 15 miles northeast and north on loam (Bt); 10 percent light brownish gray (10YR Farm Road 2262, 2.5 miles west on U.S. Forest Service 6/2) fine sandy loam (E) intrusions of albic material Road 509 to junction with U.S. Forest Service Road 10 to 15 millimeters wide between peds; moderate 509-D, 500 feet north in woods; USGS Apple Springs medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; topographic quadrangle; latitude 31 degrees 10 few fine and medium roots; few clay films; very minutes 41 seconds N.; longitude 94 degrees 54 strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. minutes 12 seconds W. 2Bt/E2—64 to 80 inches; variegated 50 percent A—0 to 3 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sandy yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 35 percent red (2.5YR loam; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, 4/6), and 15 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) clay friable; many fine and medium roots; moderately loam; moderate medium subangular blocky acid; clear smooth boundary. structure; very hard, firm; few fine and medium E—3 to 10 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine roots; few clay films; very strongly acid. sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; Range in Characteristics slightly hard, friable; many fine and medium roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Bt1—10 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Clay content in the control section: 20 to 30 percent sandy clay loam; common fine faint yellowish Redoximorphic features: Iron concentrations range brown (10YR 5/4) iron concentrations; weak fine from none to common in shades of red, brown, or subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common yellow throughout the subsoil fine and medium roots; few clay films; few Other distinctive soil features: Depth to the 2Bt horizon quartzite pebbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy ranges from 36 to 60 inches; petrified wood boundary. fragments less than 3 inches across range from Bt2—16 to 33 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) none to few near the contact of the 2Bt horizon; sandy clay loam; common medium distinct base saturation ranges from 35 to 60 percent at a yellowish red (5YR 5/8) iron concentrations; weak depth of 50 inches below the upper boundary of the fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; Bt horizon 128 Soil Survey

Reaction: A and E horizons—very strongly acid to brittle masses of red, dark red, or yellowish red moderately acid; Bt and Bt/E horizon—very strongly comprise up to 25 percent, by volume, in some acid or strongly acid; 2Bt/E and 2Btg (where pedons present) horizons—very strongly acid Thickness—10 to 28 inches A horizon: 2Bt/E horizon: Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of Color—hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 2 to 4; where the soil has a value of 3, the 3 to 5, and chroma of 6 or 8 thickness is less than 6 inches Redoximorphic features—few to many iron Redoximorphic features—none concentrations in shades of brown or yellow and Texture—fine sandy loam iron depletions in shades of gray Other features—none Texture—clay loam or clay with 35 to 45 percent Thickness—4 to 16 inches clay Other features—streaks and pockets of albic E horizon: streaks (E) range from 5 to less than 15 percent, Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and by volume; ironstone pebbles range from 0 to 10 chroma of 3 or 4 percent, by volume, throughout the horizon Redoximorphic features—none Thickness—20 to 40 inches Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or loam 2Btg horizon (where present): Other features—none Color—hue of 10YR, value of 6 or 7, and chroma of Thickness—6 to 28 inches 1 or 2 Redoximorphic features—few to many iron EB horizon (where present): concentrations in shades of yellow, red, or Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and brown chroma of 6 or 8 Texture—clay or silty clay Redoximorphic features—none Other features—steaks and pockets of albic Texture—fine sandy loam or very fine sandy loam material range from 0 to 4 percent, by volume; Other features—none none to few slickensides less than 4 inches Thickness—0 to 10 inches across Bt horizon: Thickness—6 to 15 inches Color—hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 6 or 8 Redoximorphic features—none to common iron Letney Series concentrations in shades of red, brown, or Depth class: Very deep yellow Drainage class: Well drained Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam Permeability: Moderate Other features—streaks and pockets of albic Landscape: Coastal plain material range from 0 to 4 percent, by volume; Landform: Uplands ironstone pebbles range from 0 to 15 percent, Parent material: Sandy and loamy coastal plain by volume; however, in some pedons spots 6 to sediments 10 inches in diameter contain up to 35 percent Slope range: 1 to 5 percent pebbles Taxonomic classification: Loamy, siliceous, semiactive, Thickness—3 to 10 inches thermic Arenic Paleudults Bt/E horizon: Associated soils: Rayburn and Tehran Color—hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, • Rayburn soils are on ridges and steep side slopes and chroma of 6 or 8 above drainageways and have a fine-textured Redoximorphic features—none to common iron control section concentrations in shades of red, yellow, or • Tehran soils are in broad ridgetop positions and in brown and iron depletions in shades of gray footslope positions below steep side slopes Texture—clay loam, loam, or sandy clay loam Typical Pedon Other features—streaks and pockets of albic material (E) range from 5 to 10 percent, by Letney loamy sand, 1 to 5 percent slopes, is located volume; ironstone pebbles range from 0 to 15 from Farm Road 355 in Groveton, 6.6 miles east on percent, by volume, throughout the horizon; U.S. Highway 287, 2.7 miles south on county road, 1.5 Trinity County, Texas 129

miles northeast on timber company road, 50 feet north Redoximorphic features—none in woods; USGS Colita topographic quadrangle; latitude Texture—loamy sand 30 degrees 59 minutes 42 seconds N.; longitude 95 Other features—none degrees 01 minute 07 seconds W. Thickness—3 to 10 inches thick A—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand; single E horizon: grained; loose, very friable; common fine and Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of medium roots; moderately acid; clear smooth 2 or 3 boundary. Redoximorphic features—none E—3 to 24 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand; Texture—loamy sand or sand single grained; loose, very friable; common fine Other features—none and medium roots; moderately acid; clear wavy Thickness—11 to 32 inches thick boundary. Upper Bt horizon: Bt1—24 to 29 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and sandy clay loam; few fine distinct reddish yellow chroma of 4 or 6 (7.5YR 6/8) relict iron concentrations; weak fine Redoximorphic features—relict iron concentrations subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; in shades of yellowish red, brown, and gray common fine and medium roots; strongly acid; Texture—sandy clay loam, but ranges to sandy gradual wavy boundary. loam in some places Bt2—29 to 33 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) Other features—contains up to 5 percent, by sandy clay loam; common fine prominent yellowish volume, plinthite; some pedons contain up to 10 red (5YR 5/8) and common fine and medium percent, by volume, quartzite gravel prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) relict iron Thickness—20 to 45 inches thick concentrations; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine and medium Lower Bt horizon: roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and Bt3—33 to 43 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) chroma of 6 or 8 sandy clay loam; common coarse prominent dark Redoximorphic features—wetness-related iron red (2.5YR 3/6) and common fine faint yellow concentrations and iron depletions are below a (10YR 7/8) relict iron concentrations; moderate depth of 60 inches medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; Texture—sandy clay loam, but ranges to sandy few fine roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy loam in some places boundary. Other features—some pedons have many small Bt4—43 to 80 inches; red (2.5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; white and purple shale fragments and masses of common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR clay 6/6) relict iron concentrations; weak medium Thickness—20 to 45 inches thick subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; few pockets of sand grains coated on ped surfaces; strongly acid. Lovelady Series Range in Characteristics Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Solum thickness: 60 to more than 80 inches Permeability: Moderate Clay content in the control section: 18 to 32 percent Landscape: Coastal plain Redoximorphic features: Depletions with chroma of 2 or Landform: Uplands less are 60 inches or more below the surface Parent material: Sandy and loamy coastal plain Other distinctive soil features: Base saturation ranges sediments from 15 to 30 percent; coarse and very coarse Slope range: 1 to 8 percent sand comprises 10 to 25 percent of the sand Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, semiactive, fraction thermic Arenic Glossudalfs Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid Associated soils: Fuller, Keltys, Kurth, and Penning throughout • Fuller and Penning soils are in lower, wetter A horizon: landscape positions and have colors with chroma of Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or less in the upper part of the argillic horizon 2 to 3 130 Soil Survey

• Keltys and Kurth soils are in similar positions; in Redoximorphic features: Iron concentrations are addition, Keltys soils have a coarse-loamy control throughout the subsoil, and iron depletions with section, and Kurth soils do not have a sandy chroma of 2 or less are in the lower part epipedon Other distinctive soil features: Rounded quartzite pebbles and smooth fragments of petrified wood, Typical Pedon typically less than 3 inches across the long axis, Lovelady loamy fine sand, 1 to 5 percent slopes, is range from few to about 5 percent in the A, E, and located from Pennington, 7.1 miles east on Farm Road Bt/E horizons of most pedons; these fragments also 358, 3.6 miles northwest on U.S. Forest Service Road form a discontinuous stone line at the contact of 502, 0.3 mile east on road in woods to U.S. Forest the 2Bt horizon Service boundary, 200 feet north of road in woods; Reaction: A, E, and Bt/E horizons—very strongly acid to USGS Pennington topographic quadrangle; latitude 31 moderately acid; 2Bt horizon and 2Bt/E, 2CB, and degrees 14 minutes 52 seconds N.; longitude 95 2C horizons (where present)—extremely acid to degrees 07 minutes 37 seconds W. strongly acid A—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine sand; A horizon: weak medium granular structure; loose; common Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of fine and medium roots; moderately acid; clear 2 or 3 smooth boundary. Redoximorphic features—none E1—6 to 23 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy fine Texture—loamy fine sand; clay content ranges from sand; single grained; loose; common fine and 2 to 8 percent and silt content ranges from 7 to medium roots; moderately acid; clear wavy 21 percent boundary. Other features—none E2—23 to 32 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Thickness—3 to 14 inches thick loamy fine sand; single grained; loose; common E horizon: fine and medium roots; moderately acid; clear Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of wavy boundary. 3 or 4 Bt/E1—32 to 51 inches; 75 percent yellowish brown Redoximorphic features—none to common iron (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; 25 percent pale brown concentrations in shades of brown, red, or (10YR 6/3) fine sand (E) intrusions of albic material yellow 15 to 25 millimeters wide between peds; common Texture—loamy sand or loamy fine sand medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/8) iron Other features—none concentrations; moderate medium subangular Thickness—10 to 26 inches blocky structure; hard, friable; common fine roots; common clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy Bt/E horizon: boundary. Color—hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, Bt/E2—51 to 55 inches; 30 percent dark red (2.5YR and chroma of 4, 6, or 8 3/6), 30 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2), and 15 Redoximorphic features—few to many iron percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay concentrations in shades of red, brown, or loam; 25 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sand yellow (E) intrusions of albic material 15 to 25 millimeters Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy clay loam wide between peds; moderate medium subangular Other features—albic streaks (E) make up 5 to 30 blocky structure; hard, friable; common fine roots; percent; however, some parts of this horizon common clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy that are 4 inches or more thick contain 15 boundary. percent or more albic material 2Bt—55 to 80 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay Thickness—10 to 35 inches loam; moderate medium subangular blocky 2Bt horizon: structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; few clay Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and films; 2 percent streaks of pale brown (10YR 6/3) chroma of 1 or 2 fine sandy loam albic material; very strongly acid. Redoximorphic features—few to many iron concentrations in shades of red, brown, or Range in Characteristics yellow; none to common iron depletions in Solum thickness: 60 to more than 80 inches shades of gray; some pedons have a variegated Clay content in the control section: 20 to 35 percent matrix of these colors Trinity County, Texas 131

Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, sandy to 2 percent slopes, is located from Groveton, 22.2 clay, or clay loam miles northeast on Texas Highway 94 to entrance of Other features—some pedons have a mottled Boggy Slough Hunting Club, 2.25 miles northwest on matrix of these colors primary road, 3.9 miles north, northwest, and Thickness—10 to 30 inches southwest on adjoining road (which runs just east of Green Tree reservoir), 0.55 mile north on adjoining 2Bt/E horizon (where present): road, 0.4 mile northeast on land in woods, 25 feet Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and south of lane; USGS Wells SW topographic quadrangle; chroma of 1 or 2 latitude 31 degrees 19 minutes 45 seconds N.; Redoximorphic features—few to many iron longitude 94 degrees 56 minutes 07 seconds W. concentrations in shades of red, brown, or yellow; none to common iron depletions in A—0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; shades of gray; some pedons have a variegated weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; matrix of these colors many fine, medium and coarse roots; strongly acid; Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, sandy clear wavy boundary. clay, or clay loam Btg/Eg1—5 to 12 inches; 95 percent grayish brown Other features—some pedons have a mottled (10YR 5/2) loam (Btg); 5 percent light gray (10YR matrix of these colors; the upper part typically 7/2) fine sand streaks (Eg); weak fine subangular has about 2 to 10 percent albic streaks blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine Thickness—10 to 30 inches and medium roots; few clay films; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) iron stains 2CB and 2C horizons (where present): around roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. Color—matrix colors mainly in shades of gray or Btg/Eg2—12 to 30 inches; 70 percent grayish brown brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam (Btg); 30 percent light gray Redoximorphic features—few to many iron (10YR 7/2) fine sand (Eg) intrusions of albic concentrations in shades of brown, yellow, or material 15 to 25 millimeters wide between peds red; none to common iron depletions in shades that are clay depletions resulting from aquic of gray conditions; moderate medium subangular blocky Texture—sandstone or stratified layers of mudstone structure; slightly hard, friable; common medium and shale with texture of fine sandy loam, sandy and coarse roots; few clay films on ped faces; clay loam, or sandy clay common coarse prominent light olive brown (2.5Y Other features—none 5/6) and common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; Mollville Series moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. Btg/Eg3—30 to 47 inches; 80 percent grayish brown Depth class: Very deep (10YR 5/2) clay loam (Btg); 20 percent light gray Drainage class: Poorly drained (10YR 7/2) fine sandy loam (Eg) intrusions of albic Permeability: Slow material 15 to 25 millimeters wide between peds Landscape: Coastal plain that are clay depletions resulting from aquic Landform: Stream terraces conditions; moderate medium subangular blocky Parent material: Stratified loamy alluvial sediments structure; very hard, firm; common medium and Slope range: 0 to 2 percent coarse roots; few clay films on ped faces; few fine Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, siliceous, distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic superactive, thermic Typic Glossaqualfs concentrations and few strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) Associated soils: Besner, Hainesville, and Sawtown root stains; moderately acid; abrupt wavy • Besner soils are on adjoining mounds and are well boundary. drained Btg/Eg4—47 to 64 inches; 95 percent grayish brown • Hainesville soils are in slightly higher positions on (10YR 5/2) clay loam; 5 percent streaks of light terraces or on adjoining low ridges or mounds and brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sandy loam (Eg); are sandy throughout moderate medium subangular blocky structure; • Sawtown soils are in similar or slightly higher hard, firm; common medium and coarse roots; few positions on terraces and are well drained pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sand pockets; few clay films on ped faces; common fine distinct strong Typical Pedon brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; Mollville loam, in an area of Mollville-Besner complex, 0 slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. 132 Soil Survey

2Btg/C—64 to 72 inches; 90 percent grayish brown Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with few (10YR 5/2) clay loam( B); 10 percent light gray to many iron concentrations in shades of brown, (2.5Y 7/2) fine sandy loam (C); weak medium yellow, or red subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam few fine roots; few clay films on ped faces; Other features—albic material (E) in the form of common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) vertical intrusions or pockets make up 15 to redoximorphic concentrations; slightly alkaline; about 35 percent of the control section and has clear wavy boundary. hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 1 2Cg—72 to 80 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine or 2 sandy loam; common medium distinct pale yellow Thickness—8 to 24 inches (2.5Y 7/3) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) 2Btg/C and 2C horizons: redoximorphic concentrations; slightly alkaline. Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and Range in Characteristics chroma of 1 to 4 Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix or iron Solum thickness: 40 to more than 80 inches; typically, depletions with few to many iron concentrations when the solum is less than 60 inches thick, the soil in shades of brown or yellow is underlain by a sandy 2C horizon Texture—loamy fine sand or fine sandy loam, or Clay content in the control section: 20 to 35 percent stratified with these textures; the average clay Redoximorphic features: Depleted matrix with few to content ranges from 3 to about 12 percent many iron concentrations in shades of brown, Other features—some pedons do not have a 2C yellow, or red throughout horizon but have a loamy substratum with Other distinctive soil features: Salinity ranges from texture of loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam to nonsaline to slightly saline; sodium adsorption ratio a depth of 80 inches or more ranges from 2 to 10 throughout the argillic horizon; about 20 to 40 percent of the sand fraction is coarser than very fine sand; the soil is dry in the Moswell Series moisture control section for 50 cumulative days or more in most years Depth class: Deep Reaction: A, Eg (where present), and upper Btg/E Drainage class: Well drained horizons—very strongly acid to moderately acid; Permeability: Very slow lower Btg/E and 2Btg/C horizons—very strongly Landscape: Coastal plain acid to slightly alkaline; 2C horizon—strongly acid Landform: Uplands to slightly alkaline Parent material: Residuum from shale Slope range: 1 to 15 percent A horizon: Taxonomic classification: Very-fine, smectitic, thermic Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of Vertic Hapludalfs 1 or 2 Associated soils: Etoile Redoximorphic features—none • Etoile soils contain less acid in the subsoil and Texture—loam substratum and have a fine-textured control section Other features—none Thickness—2 to 8 inches Typical Pedon Eg horizon (where present): Moswell loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, is located from Color—hue of 10YR, value of 1 to 3 units greater Pennington, 7.1 miles east on Farm Road 358, 4 miles than the A horizon, and chroma of 1 or 2 northwest on U.S. Forest Service Road 502, 0.5 mile Redoximorphic features—none east on U.S. Forest Service Road 504, 0.2 mile south Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, on road in woods; USGS Pennington topographic loam, or silt loam quadrangle; latitude 31 degrees 14 minutes 06 seconds Other features—depleted matrix with none to N.; longitude 95 degrees 07 minutes 43 seconds W. common iron concentrations in shades of brown A—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak or yellow medium granular structure; slightly hard, very Thickness—4 to 14 inches friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear Btg/E horizon: wavy boundary. Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and E—4 to 9 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam; few fine chroma of 1 or 2 faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) relict iron Trinity County, Texas 133

concentrations; weak medium granular structure; E horizon: slightly hard, very friable; common fine and Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth chroma of 2 to 4 boundary. Redoximorphic features—none to few relict iron Bt—9 to 15 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; common concentrations in shades of brown medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3) and few fine Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or faint gray (10YR 5/1) relict iron concentrations; loam moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very Other features—none hard, very firm; common fine roots; common fine Thickness—0 to 5 inches thick pores; common fine clay films; very strongly acid; Bt horizon: clear smooth boundary. Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and Btss1—15 to 32 inches; 35 percent yellowish red (5YR chroma of 6 or 8 4/6), 35 percent red (2.5YR 4/6), and 30 percent Redoximorphic features—none to common relict light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay; moderate iron concentrations in shades of brown or yellow medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, Texture—clay very firm; common fine roots; common Other features—none slickensides; common clay films; very strongly acid; Thickness—4 to 18 inches thick clear wavy boundary. Btss2—32 to 45 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay; Btss horizon: few fine faint brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) relict iron Color—variegated in shades of gray, red, yellow, concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky and brown; or has a matrix in hue of 10YR or structure; very hard, very firm; common fine roots; 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 3; or common slickensides; common clay films; common hue of 5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2, 3, hard black concretions; strongly acid; gradual 4, 6, or 8 smooth boundary. Redoximorphic features—none to common relict C1—45 to 53 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron concentrations in shades of brown or yellow shale with texture of clay; massive; very hard, very Texture—clay firm; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Other features—common or many crystals or C2—53 to 80 inches; horizontally bedded layers of light masses of gypsum; gypsum makes up 5 to 15 brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) and gray (10YR 5/1) percent of the lower subhorizon of most pedons; shale with texture of clay; platy structure; very barite masses are few or common in most hard, very firm; strongly acid. pedons; sodium adsorption ratio ranges from 4 to 12 Range in Characteristics Thickness—10 to 40 inches thick Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches C horizon: Clay content in the control section: 60 to 65 percent Color—variable, but are mainly in shades of olive, Redoximorphic features: Relict iron concentrations brown, or yellow Other distinctive soil features: Depth to slickensides Redoximorphic features—none ranges from 10 to 20 inches; when dry, the subsoil 1 Texture—shale with texture of clay has cracks /2 inch wide that extend to a depth of Other features—crystals or masses of gypsum, more than 12 inches, and the cracks are open for barite, jarosite, and natrojarosite are in most less than 90 cumulative days in most years; the pedons; sodium adsorption ratio ranges from 4 salinity ranges from very slight to moderate from to 16 in most pedons the mid part of the subsoil into the C horizon Thickness—5 to 20 inches thick Reaction: A and E horizons—very strongly acid to moderately acid; Bt, Btss, and C horizons— extremely acid to strongly acid Moten Series A horizon: Depth class: Very deep Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and Drainage class: Moderately well drained chroma of 2 to 4 Permeability: Slow Redoximorphic features—none Landscape: Coastal plain Texture—loam Landform: Stream terraces Other features—none Parent material: Loamy coastal plain alluvial sediments Thickness—1 to 7 inches thick from the Yegua Formation 134 Soil Survey

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Btg—45 to 61 inches; 90 percent grayish brown (10YR Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, 5/2) loam; 10 percent light yellowish brown (2.5Y active, thermic Aquic Glossudalfs 6/4) clay loam (C); weak fine subangular blocky Associated soils: Fuller, Keltys, Multey, and Rosenwall structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; common • Fuller and Keltys soils are in higher upland positions discontinuous clay films; slightly acid; abrupt wavy • Keltys and Multey soils have a glossic horizon with boundary. matrix chroma of 3 or more; in addition, Multey C—61 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and pale soils are in slightly higher associated mound yellow (2.5Y 7/4) clay loam; massive; neutral. positions on the landscape Range in Characteristics • Rosenwall soils are in higher nearby landscape positions and have a very-fine particle-size control Solum thickness: 60 to 80 inches section Clay content in the control section: 12 to 18 percent Redoximorphic features: Redoximorphic concentrations Typical Pedon or masses in shades of brown, red, or yellow range Moten silt loam, in an area of Moten-Multey complex, 0 from none in the upper part to few to many in the to 2 percent slopes, is located from Pennington, 6.8 lower part miles east on Farm Road 358, 350 feet south in woods; Other distinctive soil features: Silt content of 30 to 55 USGS Pennington topographic quadrangle; latitude 31 percent degrees 12 minutes 06 seconds N.; longitude 95 Reaction: A, E, E/Bt, and Bt/E horizons—very strongly degrees 07 minutes 32 seconds W. acid to moderately acid; 2Bt/C and 2C horizons— strongly acid to neutral A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; hard, friable; A horizon: common fine and medium roots; strongly acid; Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of clear smooth boundary. 2 or 3 E—3 to 11 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam; Redoximorphic features—none weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, Texture—silt loam friable; common fine roots; common fine distinct Other features—none dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and few fine Thickness—3 to 7 inches thick distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic E and E/Bt horizons: concentrations; strongly acid; gradual wavy Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of boundary. 2 or 3 E/Bt—11 to 20 inches; 80 percent light brownish gray Redoximorphic features—none to common iron (10YR 6/2) silt loam (E); 20 percent grayish brown concentrations or masses (10YR 5/2) loam (Bt); weak fine subangular blocky Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam structure; slightly hard, very friable; few fine roots; Other features—none few discontinuous clay films; few fine faint Thickness—16 to 35 inches thick yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; very strongly acid; gradual wavy Bt/E horizon: boundary. Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of Bt/E1—20 to 31 inches; 55 percent grayish brown 1 or 2 (10YR 5/2) loam; 45 percent pale brown (10YR Redoximorphic features—iron concentrations or 6/3) silt loam (E) intrusions of albic material 10 to masses in shades of brown, red, or yellow range 15 millimeters wide between peds; weak medium from none to common in the upper part and few subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine to many in the lower part roots; few discontinuous clay films; very strongly Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam acid; clear wavy boundary. Other features—albic material (E) on the surface of Bt/E2—31 to 45 inches; 85 percent grayish brown peds or in streaks and spots of the matrix range (10YR 5/2) loam; 15 percent pale brown (10YR from 10 to 35 percent; electrical conductivity 6/3) silt loam (E) intrusions of albic material 10 to ranges from 1 to 4 mmhos/cm; common or 15 millimeters wide between peds; moderate many crayfish krotovina in some parts of the medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, glossic horizon friable; few fine roots; common discontinuous clay Thickness—10 to 20 inches thick films; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. Trinity County, Texas 135

Btg horizon: yellow (10YR 6/6) loam (B); weak fine subangular Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine of 2 roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—redoximorphic depletions Bt/E1—35 to 49 inches; 80 percent yellowish brown in shades of brown, yellow, and gray (10YR 5/4) loam (Bt); 20 percent pale brown (10YR Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam 6/3) sandy loam (E) intrusions of albic material 10 Other features—none to 15 millimeters wide between peds; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) iron C horizon: concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky Color—variable structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few Redoximorphic features—none clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Texture—fine sandy loam to clay loam; some Bt/E2—49 to 80 inches; 75 percent yellowish brown pedons have strata of clay or silty clay (10YR 5/6) loam (Bt); 25 percent pale brown (10YR Other features—none 6/3) sandy loam (E) intrusions of albic material 10 to 15 millimeters wide between peds; moderate Multey Series medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; few clay films; strongly acid. Depth class: Very deep Range in Characteristics Drainage class: Well drained Permeability: Moderate Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Landscape: Coastal plain Clay content in the control section: 10 to 18 percent Landform: Stream terraces Redoximorphic features: Iron concentrations in the Parent material: Alluvial wind modified sediments from subsurface and subsoil the Yegua Formation Other distinctive soil features: Base saturation ranges Slope range: 0 to 2 percent from 40 to 60 percent at a depth of 72 inches Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, below the soil surface active, thermic Typic Glossudalfs Reaction: A horizon—strongly acid to slightly acid; E Associated soils: Fuller, Keltys, Kurth, and Moten horizon—very strongly acid to slightly acid; E/Bt • Fuller, Keltys, and Kurth soils have a solum less than horizon—very strongly acid or strongly acid; Bt/E 80 inches thick over a sandstone or mudstone and BCt (where present) horizons—very strongly substratum; in addition, Fuller soils are somewhat acid to moderately alkaline poorly drained and are in similar positions, and A horizon: Keltys and Kurth soils are in higher upland positions Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of • Moten soils are moderately well drained and are in 2 or 3 slightly lower intermound positions Redoximorphic features—none Typical Pedon Texture—fine sandy loam Other features—none Multey fine sandy loam, in an area of Moten-Multey Thickness—3 to 7 inches thick complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is located from Pennington, 6.8 miles east on Farm Road 358, 375 feet E horizon: south in woods; USGS Pennington topographic Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of quadrangle; latitude 31 degrees 12 minutes 07 seconds 2 or 3 N.; longitude 95 degrees 07 minutes 31 seconds W. Redoximorphic features—some pedons contain iron concentrations in the lower part that have hue of A—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 6 or 8 sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; soft, Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear loam smooth boundary. Other features—none E1—4 to 26 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy Thickness—16 to 30 inches thick loam; few fine faint brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) iron concentrations; weak fine granular structure; E/Bt and upper Bt/E horizons: loose, very friable; common fine roots; strongly Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and acid; gradual wavy boundary. chroma of 6 or 8 (Bt); interiors of peds have E/Bt—26 to 35 inches; 70 percent pale brown (10YR masses with hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 to 6/3) fine sandy loam (E); 30 percent brownish 136 Soil Survey

6, and chroma of 6 or 8; the lower Bt/E horizon Groveton, 16 miles northeast on Texas Highway 94 to has colors with chroma of 2 or 3 in some pedons Farm Road 357-East in Apple Springs, 6.1 miles Redoximorphic features—none to common iron continuing northeast on Texas Highway 94, 0.5 mile concentrations in shades of brown south on timber company road, 0.15 mile southeast on Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, pipeline/former tram, 0.7 mile south and southwest on and loam logging lane, 200 feet west of lane in woods; USGS Other features—albic streaks (E) make up 15 to 85 Wells SW topographic quadrangle; latitude 31 degrees percent of the matrix; electrical conductivity 16 minutes 06 seconds N.; longitude 94 degrees 53 ranges from 0 to 4 mmhos/cm minutes 35 seconds W. Thickness—10 to 45 inches thick Oi—2 to 0 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) fibric Lower Bt/E horizon: material; clear smooth boundary. Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and A—0 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay; chroma of 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 (Bt); interiors of peds moderate coarse angular blocky structure; have masses with hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of extremely hard, extremely firm; few prominent 4 to 6, and chroma of 6 or 8 discontinuous dark red (2.5YR 3/6) iron stains on Redoximorphic features—none to common iron faces of peds and in pores; common medium and concentrations in shades of brown coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and Texture—sandy clay loam, fine sandy loam, and common medium and coarse prominent reddish loam yellow (7.5YR 6/8) redoximorphic concentrations; Other features—albic streaks (E) make up 15 to 85 very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. percent of the matrix; electrical conductivity Bssg1—9 to 31 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay; ranges from 0 to 4 mmhos/cm moderate fine prismatic structure parting to Thickness—10 to 45 inches thick moderate medium angular blocky; extremely hard, extremely firm; common fine and medium roots; BCt horizon (where present): common fine and medium pores; common Color—shades of brown or gray slickensides; common soft masses and very hard Redoximorphic features—none to common iron concretions of iron-manganese; many coarse and concentrations in shades of brown medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, masses of iron accumulation; few prominent strong loam, or sandy clay loam brown (7.5YR 5/8) root stains; extremely acid; Other features—electrical conductivity ranges from gradual wavy boundary. 1 to 4 mmhos/cm Bssg2—31 to 44 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay; Thickness—10 to 30 inches thick moderate fine prismatic structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; extremely hard, Ozias Series extremely firm; common fine and few medium roots; common fine and medium pores; common Depth class: Very deep intersecting slickensides; common fine and medium Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron Permeability: Very slow accumulation; few strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) root Landscape: Coastal plain stains; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Landform: Flood plains Bg1—44 to 58 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Parent material: Acid clayey alluvium silty clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky Slope range: 0 to 1 percent structure; very hard, very firm; common fine and Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic Aeric few medium roots; common fine pores; common Dystraquerts fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR Associated soils: Koury and Pophers 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly • Koury and Pophers soils are in similar flood plain acid; gradual wavy boundary. positions and have less than 35 percent clay Bg2—58 to 70 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) throughout the solum; in addition, Koury soils are silty clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky moderately well drained structure; very hard, very firm; few fine and medium roots; common fine pores; few fine and Typical Pedon medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) Ozias clay, in an area of Ozias-Pophers complex, 0 to 1 masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; percent slopes, frequently flooded, is located from gradual wavy boundary. Trinity County, Texas 137

Bg3—70 to 84 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; weak mmhos/cm to a depth of about 40 inches and 2 coarse angular blocky structure; extremely hard, to 16 mmhos/cm to 80 inches extremely firm; few fine and medium roots; few Thickness—20 to 60 inches thick fine pores; few fine and medium prominent strong Bg horizon and Bw horizon (where present): brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and very strongly acid. chroma of 2 or 3 Range in Characteristics Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix or iron depletions with few or common iron Solum thickness: More than 80 inches concentrations in shades of brown, yellow, or Clay content in the control section: 40 to 60 percent red Redoximorphic features: Depleted matrix with few or Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay common iron concentrations in shades of brown, Other features—none to few pressure faces and yellow, or red throughout small slickensides; electrical conductivity ranges Other distinctive soil features: This is a cyclic soil with from 1 to 8 mmhos/cm, but is typically less gilgai microrelief and microknolls 6 to 10 inches than 4 higher than microdepressions; distance from the Thickness—0 to 14 inches thick center of the microknoll to the center of the microdepression ranges from about 4 to 12 feet; cracks at least 1 centimeter wide extend from the Penning Series surface to a depth of more than 12 inches when the soil is dry, and the cracks are open for less than Depth class: Deep 90 cumulative days in most years; intersecting Drainage class: Moderately well drained slickensides begin at a depth of 14 to 30 inches and Permeability: Moderate extend for more than 20 inches; electrical Landscape: Coastal plain conductivity ranges from 4 to 12 mmhos/cm in part Landform: Uplands of the particle-size control section; gypsum crystals Parent material: Residuum from stratified shale are mainly below a depth of 40 inches and are few Slope range: 0 to 2 percent or common in some pedons Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, Reaction: A horizon—extremely acid or very strongly thermic Aquic Glossudalfs acid; Bssg, Bg, and Bw (where present) horizons— Associated soils: Fuller, Keltys, Kurth, Moten, and extremely acid to moderately acid Mollville • Fuller soils are in similar or slightly lower positions A horizon: and have a grayish subsoil Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and • Keltys and Kurth soils are in slightly higher positions chroma of 2 or 3 • Moten and Mollville soils have a grayish subsoil and Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with none are in slightly lower, wetter positions to common iron concentrations in shades of red, Typical Pedon brown, or yellow Texture—clay Penning very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is Other features—electrical conductivity ranges from located from Pennington, 4.8 miles east on Farm Road 0 to 4 mmhos/cm in forest or natural areas and 358, 0.5 mile south on county road, 0.4 mile southeast from 2 to 8 in cleared areas on farm lane, 0.3 mile north on road in woods, 50 feet Thickness—4 to 18 inches thick east of road; USGS Pennington topographic quadrangle; latitude 31 degrees 08 minutes 17 seconds Bssg horizon: N.; longitude 95 degrees 08 minutes 36 seconds W. Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2 A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with few fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; to many iron concentrations in shades of brown, slightly hard, friable; common fine and medium yellow, or red; some subhorizons have a roots; few fine pores; moderately acid; clear variegated matrix of these colors smooth boundary. Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay E1—3 to 8 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very fine Other features—common or many slickensides; sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; slightly electrical conductivity ranges from 1 to 8 hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; common fine distinct light gray (10YR 6/1) 138 Soil Survey

iron depletions and few yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; few clay films; iron stains around roots; strongly acid; gradual common fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR wavy boundary. 6/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly E2—8 to 15 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very fine shaped masses of iron accumulation with diffuse sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; slightly boundaries throughout; moderately acid; clear hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine wavy boundary. pores; common fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 2C—58 to 72 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) mudstone 6/6) iron concentrations and light brownish gray with texture of clay loam; few fine distinct grayish (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual brown (10YR 5/2) lithochromic mottles; massive; wavy boundary. neutral. Bt/E1—15 to 25 inches; 85 percent brownish yellow Range in Characteristics (10YR 6/6) loam (Bt); 15 percent pale brown (10YR Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches 6/3) sandy loam (E) intrusions of albic material 10 Clay content in the control section: 18 to 25 percent to 15 millimeters wide between peds and on Redoximorphic features: Iron concentrations in shades surfaces of peds that are clay depletions resulting of brown, yellow, or red and iron depletions in from aquic conditions; weak fine subangular blocky shades of gray are few or common; in some structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; pedons, the lower part has a variegated matrix of common fine pores; few patchy clay films; common these colors fine prominent light gray (10YR 6/1) clay depletions Other distinctive soil features: None resulting from aquic conditions; strongly acid; Reaction: A and E horizons—very strongly acid to gradual wavy boundary. moderately acid; Bt/E horizon—very strongly acid to Bt/E2—25 to 36 inches; 75 percent brownish yellow slightly acid; 2C horizon—very strongly acid to (10YR 6/6) loam (Bt); 25 percent light gray (10YR neutral 7/1) fine sandy loam (E) intrusions of albic material 15 to 25 millimeters wide between peds that are A horizon: clay depletions resulting from aquic conditions; Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly 1 to 3 hard, friable; common fine roots; few fine pores; Redoximorphic features—none few patchy clay films; common fine distinct Texture—very fine sandy loam brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) irregularly shaped Other features—none masses of iron accumulation with diffuse Thickness—3 to 10 inches thick boundaries throughout and common medium E horizon: distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of depletions on surfaces of peds; very strongly acid; 2 to 4 gradual wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—iron concentrations in Bt/E3—36 to 48 inches; 70 percent brownish yellow shades of brown or yellow; iron depletions in (10YR 6/8) loam (Bt); 30 percent light gray (10YR shades of gray 7/1) sandy loam (E) intrusions of albic material 15 Texture—very fine sandy loam or loam to 25 millimeters wide between peds that are clay Other features—none depletions resulting from aquic conditions; Thickness—10 to 30 inches thick moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; few Bt/E horizon: patchy clay films; few fine prominent dark yellowish Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and brown (10YR 4/4) irregularly shaped masses of chroma of 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 iron accumulation with diffuse boundaries Redoximorphic features—iron concentrations in throughout and common medium distinct light gray shades of brown, yellow, or red and iron (10YR 6/1) clay depletions on surfaces of peds; depletions in shades of gray are few or very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. common; in some pedons, the lower part has a Bt/E4—48 to 58 inches; 70 percent grayish brown variegated matrix of these colors (10YR 5/2) loam; 30 percent light gray (10YR 7/1) Texture—very fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay fine sandy loam (E) intrusions of albic material 15 loam to 25 millimeters wide between peds that are clay Other features—albic streaks (E) make up 5 to depletions resulting from aquic conditions; about 25 percent; however, some parts of this moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, horizon that is 4 inches or more thick contains Trinity County, Texas 139

15 percent or more albic streaks; electrical irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation conductivity ranges from 0 to 4 mmhos/cm; with diffuse boundaries throughout and dark typically, electrical conductivity increases with grayish brown (10YR 4/2) stains along root depth channels; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Thickness—20 to 40 inches thick Bg2—10 to 30 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular 2C horizon: blocky structure; firm, hard; few fine and medium Color—matrix colors in shades of gray or brown roots; few fine faint light gray (10YR 6/1) clay Redoximorphic features—iron concentrations or depletions on surfaces of peds; very strongly acid; strata in shades of brown, yellow, or red and gradual wavy boundary. iron depletions in shades of gray range from few Bg3—30 to 44 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) to many silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular Texture—shale, mudstone, or stratified layers of blocky structure; firm, hard; few fine and medium these materials with strata of siltstone and roots; few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR sandstone in some pedons; texture is mainly 3/4) irregularly shaped masses of iron clay, but some pedons are clay loam accumulation with diffuse boundaries throughout; Other features—electrical conductivity ranges from strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. 2 to 8 mmhos/cm Bg4—44 to 80 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Pophers Series structure; firm, hard; few fine and medium roots; few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) Depth class: Very deep irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained with diffuse boundaries throughout; few white Permeability: Moderately slow spots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Landscape: Coastal plain Range in Characteristics Landform: Flood plains Parent material: Loamy and silty alluvium Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Slope range: 0 to 1 percent Clay content in the control section: 20 to 30 percent Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, siliceous, active, Redoximorphic features: Iron concentrations in shades acid, thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts of red, brown, or yellow range from few to many; Associated soils: Fuller, Koury, and Ozias iron depletions range from none to common • Fuller soils are on associated uplands and have a Other distinctive soil features: The soil is nonsaline to natric horizon very slightly saline throughout the upper 40 inches • Koury and Ozias soils are in similar flood plain and very slightly saline to slightly saline below; positions; in addition, Koury soils have a coarse- sodium adsorption ratio ranges to 12 in the upper silty particle-size control section, and Ozias soils 40 inches and from 4 to 16 below that have a fine-textured control section Reaction: A horizon—very strongly acid to moderately acid; Bg and Bgb (where present) horizons— Typical Pedon extremely acid to strongly acid Pophers silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded, is located from Pennington, 7.1 A horizon: miles east on Farm Road 358, 2.3 miles north on county Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and road, 0.1 mile east on adjoining county road, 0.1 mile chroma of 2 or 3 north on road in woods; USGS Pennington topographic Redoximorphic features—none quadrangle; latitude 31 degrees 13 minutes 47 seconds Texture—silty clay loam N.; longitude 95 degrees 09 minutes and 45 seconds W. Other features—none Thickness—4 to 16 inches thick A—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam; weak fine granular structure; friable, Bg horizon and Bgb horizon (where present): slightly hard; many roots of all sizes; strongly acid; Color—hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, gradual wavy boundary. and chroma of 1 or 2 Bg1—4 to 10 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Redoximorphic features—few to many iron silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular concentrations in shades of red, brown, or blocky structure; firm, hard; many roots of all yellow; none to common iron depletions in sizes; few fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) shades of gray 140 Soil Survey

Texture—loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or clay (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; moderate medium loam angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few Other features—dominant subhorizons between a fine roots; common slickensides; common clay depth of 10 and 30 inches have value of 4 or 5 films; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. and chroma of 2; iron-manganese masses and Btss3—16 to 20 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) concretions range from few to 5 percent, by clay; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) volume, in most pedons; gypsum crystals in and dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) iron concentrations; spots or masses range from few to 10 percent, moderate medium angular blocky structure; very by volume, mainly in the lower subhorizons hard, very firm; few fine roots; common Thickness—20 to 40 inches thick slickensides; common clay films; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Btss4—20 to 29 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Rayburn Series silty clay; weak medium angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; common Depth class: Moderately deep slickensides; common clay films; extremely acid; Drainage class: Moderately well drained clear wavy boundary. Permeability: Very slow Cr—29 to 45 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) tuffaceous Landscape: Coastal plain sandstone; common medium distinct yellow (2.5Y Landform: Uplands 8/6) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Parent material: Residuum from tuffaceous siltstone lithochromic mottles; massive; very hard, very and sandstone firm; extremely acid. Slope range: 1 to 5 percent Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, thermic, Vertic Range in Characteristics Hapludalfs Solum thickness: 20 to 40 inches Associated soils: Corrigan, Kitterll, and Letney Clay content in the control section: 40 to 60 percent • Corrigan soils are in slightly lower, plane and concave Redoximorphic features: Common or many relict iron positions or in similar side slope positions concentrations in shades of red and brown in the • Kitterll soils are in associated convex, mid and lower upper part; few or common wetness-related iron slope positions and have a solum less than 20 depletions in shades of gray and iron inches thick concentrations in shades of yellow and brown in • Letney soils have a sandy epipedon 20 to 40 inches the lower part thick and have a loamy control section Other distinctive soil features: Base saturation ranges Typical Pedon from 35 to 60 percent above the paralithic contact; the COLE is 0.09 to 0.14 in the Bt horizon Rayburn fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, is Reaction: A and E (where present) horizons—very located from Groveton, 5.6 miles south on Farm Road strongly acid to moderately acid; Btss, BC, and CR 355, 4.6 miles south and southeast on Gerald Haynes horizons—extremely acid to strongly acid Road (formerly Old Onalaska Road), 0.5 mile west on road in woods, 1.2 miles south on road in woods, 100 A horizon: feet west of road in woods; USGS Chita topographic Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and quadrangle; latitude 30 degrees 54 minutes 16 seconds chroma of 1 to 3 N.; longitude 95 degrees 08 minutes 01 second W. Redoximorphic features—none Texture—fine sandy loam A—0 to 4 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy Other features—where moist, value of 3 or less loam; weak medium granular structure; soft, very and horizon is less than 6 inches thick friable; common fine roots; very strongly acid; Thickness—3 to 10 inches thick clear smooth boundary. Btss1—4 to 11 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay; E horizon (where present): moderate medium angular blocky structure; very Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and hard, very firm; few fine roots; common chroma of 2 or 3 slickensides; few clay films; very strongly acid; Redoximorphic features—none gradual wavy boundary. Texture—loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam, or loam Btss2—11 to 16 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) clay; common Other features—none medium distinct dark red (2.5YR 3/6) and few fine Thickness—0 to 5 inches thick distinct yellow (10YR 7/6) and light brownish gray Trinity County, Texas 141

Upper Btss horizon: • Keltys and Kurth soils are in higher areas Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and • Moswell soils are in similar landscape positions chroma of 3, 4, 6, or 8 Typical Pedon Redoximorphic features—common to many relict concentrations in shades of red and brown in the Rosenwall fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes upper part (fig. 14), is located from Farm Road 355 in Groveton, Texture—clay 1.3 miles east on U.S. Highway 287, 9.9 miles northeast Other features—Btss1 horizon commonly contains on Farm Road 2262, 1.9 miles south on timber up to 70 percent clay company/county road, 1.5 miles east and southeast on Thickness—7 to 15 inches thick adjoining road to “Y” intersection, 0.3 mile east on adjoining road, 0.4 mile north on pipeline, 50 feet west Lower Btss horizon and BC horizon (where present): in woods; USGS Trevat topographic quadrangle; Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 5 or 6, latitude 31 degrees 05 minutes 48 seconds N.; and chroma of 2 or 3 longitude 94 degrees 56 minutes 49 seconds W. Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray and iron concentrations in shades of A—0 to 5 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sandy yellow and brown are few or common loam; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, Texture—clay or silty clay Other features—none Thickness—7 to 20 inches thick Cr horizon: Color—variable Redoximorphic features—none Texture—weakly consolidated tuffaceous siltstone and sandstone that is bentonitic, but contains volcanic ash, volcanic glass, and other pyroclastic material Other features—none The Rayburn soils in Trinity County are taxadjuncts to the Rayburn series because they typically are moderately deep to tuffaceous sandstone. This difference, however, does not significantly affect the use, management, or interpretations of the soils.

Rosenwall Series

Depth class: Moderately deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained Permeability: Very slow Landscape: Coastal plain Landform: Uplands Parent material: Residuum from interbedded shale and mudstone Slope range: 1 to 15 percent Taxonomic classification: Very-fine, mixed, active, thermic Typic Hapludults Associated soils: Fuller, Herty, Keltys, Kurth, and Moswell • Fuller soils are in slightly lower positions and are slightly wetter • Herty soils are in lower positions and have a grayish argillic horizon

Figure 14.—Profile of Rosenwall fine sandy loam. 142 Soil Survey

friable; many fine and medium roots; few round E horizon: quartzite pebbles; moderately acid; clear wavy Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of boundary. 3 or 4 E—5 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; Redoximorphic features—none weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly Texture—fine sandy loam hard, friable; many fine and medium roots; few Other features—none round quartzite pebbles; strongly acid; abrupt wavy Thickness—0 to 7 inches thick boundary. Bt1 horizon: Bt1—8 to 15 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 3 to 5, and moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very chroma of 3, 4, 6, or 8 hard, very firm; common fine roots; common clay Redoximorphic features—none to common dark films; few round quartzite pebbles; very strongly red, strong brown, or light brownish gray relict acid; gradual wavy boundary. iron concentrations and depletions Bt2—15 to 19 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; Texture—clay common medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) relict Other features—none concentrations; moderate fine subangular blocky Thickness—4 to 8 inches thick structure; very hard, very firm; common fine roots; common clay films; few round quartzite pebbles; Bt2 horizon: very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. Color—hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of Bt3—19 to 24 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; many 3 to 5, and chroma of 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 medium prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) relict iron Redoximorphic features—relict iron concentrations concentrations; moderate medium subangular and depletions in shades of red, gray, yellow, blocky structure; very hard, very firm; common fine and brown roots; common clay films; very strongly acid; Texture—clay abrupt wavy boundary. Other features—none Cr1—24 to 39 inches; layered pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4), Thickness—4 to 8 inches thick dark gray (10YR 4/1), dark red (2.5YR 3/6), and Bt3 horizon: yellowish red (5YR 5/8) shale and mudstone with Color—hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, texture of clay; massive; very hard, very firm; and chroma of 1 to 4 extremely acid; clear wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—relict iron concentrations Cr2—39 to 58 inches; layered olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6), and depletions in shades of red, brown, and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), and strong brown yellow (7.5YR 5/8) shale and mudstone with texture of Texture—clay clay; massive; very hard, very firm; extremely acid. Other features—none Range in Characteristics Thickness—5 to 8 inches thick Solum thickness: 20 to 40 inches BC or B\C horizons (where present): Clay content in the control section: 60 to 75 percent Color—hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, Redoximorphic features: Relict iron accumulations in and chroma of 1 to 4 shades of red, yellow, and brown and iron Redoximorphic features—none depletions in shades of gray are in the subsoil Texture—stratified clay with fragments of shale, Other distinctive soil features: None to few quartzite shaly clay, or sandstone 1 pebbles throughout the solum Other features—strata range from /4 inch to 1 or Reaction: A and E horizons—very strongly acid to more inches thick slightly acid; Bt and BC (where present) horizons— Thickness—0 to 8 inches thick very strongly acid to moderately acid; Cr horizon— Cr horizon: extremely acid or very strongly acid Color—variable A horizon: Redoximorphic features—none Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of Texture—weakly to strongly cemented sandstone or 2 or 3 siltstone interbedded with shale or loamy Redoximorphic features—none sediments Texture—fine sandy loam Other features—none Other features—none Thickness—3 to 12 inches thick Trinity County, Texas 143

Sawlit Series fine sandy loam (E) intrusions of albic material along surfaces of prisms that are clay depletions Depth class: Very deep resulting from aquic conditions; moderate medium Drainage class: Moderately well drained subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; few Permeability: Very slow fine and medium roots; few fine and medium Landscape: Coastal plain pores; few dark grayish brown worm casts; few Landform: Stream terraces thin clay films on surfaces of peds; common fine Parent material: Loamy over clayey alluvial sediments and medium grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay Slope range: 0 to 2 percent depletions on surfaces of peds; very strongly acid; Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, gradual wavy boundary. thermic Aquic Glossudalfs Bt/E2—19 to 29 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay Associated soils: Alazan, Latex, and Sawtown loam; 10 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy • Alazan soils are typically in slightly lower positions loam (E) intrusions of albic material along surfaces and do not have a clayey 2Bt horizon of prisms that are clay depletions resulting from • Latex soils are well drained and are in similar aquic conditions; moderate coarse prismatic landscape positions structure parting to moderate medium subangular • Sawtown soils do not have redoximorphic depletions blocky; very hard, firm; few fine and medium within the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon, roots; few coarse and common fine and medium are well drained, have a thicker epipedon, and are pores; common thin clay films on surfaces of on adjoining mounds prisms; many fine and medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations and Typical Pedon common fine and medium distinct grayish brown Sawlit loam, in an area of Sawlit-Sawtown complex, 0 (10YR 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; very strongly to 2 percent slopes, is located from Apple Springs, 6.2 acid; clear smooth boundary. miles northeast on Texas Highway 94 to the entrance of 2Bt1—29 to 39 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay; South Boggy Slough Hunting Club, 2.25 miles northwest many medium and coarse prominent red (2.5YR on primary road, 0.8 mile north on adjoining road 4/8) iron concentrations; moderate medium (toward Green Tree reservoir), 0.4 mile east on angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few Holumbec hunting stand lane, 150 feet south of road in pressure faces; common thin clay films on surfaces woods; USGS Wells SW topographic quadrangle; of some peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy latitude 31 degrees 18 minutes 35 seconds N.; boundary. longitude 94 degrees 57 minutes 26 seconds W. 2Bt2—39 to 61 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR A—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; weak fine 5/8) iron concentrations; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few friable; common fine and medium roots; few fine, pressure faces; common thin clay films on surfaces medium, and coarse pores; very strongly acid; of some peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy clear smooth boundary. boundary. E—3 to 7 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam; weak 2BC—61 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very sandy clay loam; common medium distinct friable; few fine and medium roots; few fine and brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) iron concentrations; medium pores; few dark grayish brown worm very hard, firm; few pressure faces; few thin clay casts; common yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron films on surfaces of some peds; very strongly acid. stains along some root channels; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Range in Characteristics Bt—7 to 11 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Solum thickness: More than 80 inches thick hard, friable; few fine and medium roots; common Clay content in the control section: 25 to 35 percent fine and few medium pores; common dark grayish Redoximorphic features: Iron concentrations in shades brown worm casts; few thin clay films on surfaces of red or brown and iron depletions or clay of peds; few grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in shades of gray depletions along some pores and root channels; Other distinctive soil features: Base saturation ranges very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. from 45 to 75 percent at 50 inches below the top of Bt/E1—11 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) the argillic horizon; depth to the 2Bt horizon ranges sandy clay loam; 20 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) from 26 to 40 inches 144 Soil Survey

Reaction: A, E, Bt, and Bt/E horizons—very strongly acid depletions in shades of gray range from few to to moderately acid; 2Bt and 2BC horizons— many; or the matrix is variegated in these colors extremely acid to strongly acid Texture—clay loam or clay with 35 to 50 percent clay A horizon: Other features—albic streaks range from 0 to 4 Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and percent; clay content is less than 35 percent chroma of 2 or 3 below a depth of 60 inches in some pedons with Redoximorphic features—none to few brown or red a texture of clay loam or sandy clay loam coatings along root channels Thickness—20 to 30 inches thick Texture—loam Other features—none to few rounded ironstone 2BC horizon: and/or quartzite pebbles Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and Thickness—3 to 8 inches thick chroma of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 Redoximorphic features—iron concentrations in E horizon: shades of red, brown, or yellow and iron Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and depletions in shades of gray range from few to chroma of 3 or 4 many; or the matrix is variegated in these colors Redoximorphic features—coatings along root Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay channels range from none to common with loam colors in shades of brown or red Other features—albic streaks range from 0 to 4 Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or percent; clay content is less than 35 percent loam below a depth of 60 inches in some pedons with Other features—none to few rounded ironstone a texture of clay loam or sandy clay loam and/or quartzite pebbles Thickness—20 to 30 inches thick Thickness—0 to 15 inches thick Bt horizon: Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and Sawtown Series chroma of 6 or 8 Depth class: Very deep Redoximorphic features—iron depletions or clay Drainage class: Well drained depletions in shades of gray and iron Permeability: Moderate concentrations in shades of red, yellow, or Landscape: Coastal plain brown are few or common, mainly in the lower Landform: Steam terraces part Parent material: Loamy and clayey alluvial sediments Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Other features—rounded ironstone and/or quartzite Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, pebbles range from 0 to 4 percent thermic Typic Glossudalfs Thickness—8 to 20 inches thick Associated soils: Alazan, Latex, and Sawlit Bt/E horizon: • Alazan and Sawlit soils are in lower, slightly wetter Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and positions and have aquic conditions within a depth of 20 chroma of 6 or 8 inches Redoximorphic features—iron depletions or clay • Latex soils are in similar or slightly lower positions depletions in shades of gray; iron concentrations and do not have a glossic horizon in shades of red or brown Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam Typical Pedon Other features—albic streaks (E) range from 15 to Sawtown fine sandy loam, in an area of Sawlit- 35 percent; brittle spots range from 0 to 15 Sawtown complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is located percent; rounded ironstone and/or quartzite from Apple Springs, 6.2 miles northeast on Texas pebbles range from 0 to 4 percent Highway 94 to the entrance of South Boggy Slough Thickness—8 to 24 inches thick Hunting Club, 2.25 miles northwest on primary road, 2Bt horizon: 0.8 mile north on adjoining road (toward Green Tree Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and reservoir), 0.4 mile east on Holumbec hunting stand chroma of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 lane, 50 feet south of road in woods; USGS Wells SW Redoximorphic features—iron concentrations in topographic quadrangle; latitude 31 degrees 12 shades of red, brown, or yellow and iron Trinity County, Texas 145

minutes 34 seconds N.; longitude 94 degrees 54 5/6) iron concentrations; moderate medium minutes and 22 seconds W. subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; few fine roots; few thin clay films on surfaces of A—0 to 5 inches; dark brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy prisms; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, 2Bt2—56 to 65 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay very friable; common fine and medium roots; few loam; common medium distinct strong brown fine and medium pores; very strongly acid; clear (7.5YR 5/6) iron concentrations; moderate medium smooth boundary. subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine E—5 to 8 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy roots; few fine pores; few thin clay films on loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, surfaces of prisms; very strongly acid; gradual very friable; common fine and medium roots; few wavy boundary. fine and medium pores; very strongly acid; clear 2BC—65 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) smooth boundary. sandy clay loam; common coarse distinct strong Bt1—8 to 18 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron concentrations; weak fine clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine structure; hard, friable; common fine and few roots; very strongly acid. medium roots; common fine and few medium pores; few thin clay films on surfaces of peds; Range in Characteristics about 3 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) streaks; Solum thickness: More than 80 inches very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Clay content in the control section: 18 to 27 percent Bt/E1—18 to 26 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) Redoximorphic features: Iron concentrations in shades sandy clay loam; 15 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) of red, brown, or yellow range from none to fine sandy loam (E) on ped faces; moderate common in the lower part of the subsoil medium subangular blocky structure; common Other distinctive soil features: Base saturation ranges medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/8) iron from 45 to 80 percent at 50 inches below the top of concentrations; hard, friable; common fine and few the argillic horizon; depth to the clayey 2Bt horizon medium roots; common fine and few medium ranges from 40 to 60 inches pores; few thin clay films on surfaces of peds; few Reaction: A horizon—very strongly acid to slightly acid; fine and medium hard iron-manganese E horizon—very strongly acid to moderately acid; Bt concretions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy and Bt/E horizons—extremely acid to moderately boundary. acid; 2Bt and 2BC horizons—extremely acid to Bt/E2—26 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) slightly acid sandy clay loam; 20 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam (E) on ped faces; moderate A horizon: medium subangular blocky structure; common Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/8) iron chroma of 2 or 3 concentrations; hard, friable; common fine and few Redoximorphic features—none medium roots; common fine and few medium Texture—fine sandy loam pores; few thin clay films on surfaces of peds; few Other features—none to few rounded ironstone or fine and medium hard iron-manganese quartzite pebbles concretions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy Thickness—3 to 12 inches thick boundary. E horizon: Bt/E3—36 to 43 inches; 45 percent strong brown (7.5YR Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and 5/6) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), 35 percent chroma of 2 to 4 pale brown (10YR 6/3), 15 percent red (2.5YR 4/8), Redoximorphic features—none and 5 percent gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or moderate medium subangular blocky structure; loam hard, friable; common fine and few medium roots; Other features—none to few rounded ironstone or common fine and few medium pores; few thin clay quartzite pebbles films on surfaces of peds; few fine and medium Thickness—10 to 28 inches thick hard iron-manganese concretions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Bt horizon: 2Bt1—43 to 56 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam; Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and many coarse prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) and chroma of 4, 6, or 8 common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 146 Soil Survey

Redoximorphic features—none to common iron Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, siliceous, concentrations in shades of red, brown, or semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults yellow Associated soils: Letney and Tehran Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam • Letney and Tehran soils have a sandy epipedon more Other features—rounded ironstone or quartzite than 20 inches thick and are in slightly higher pebbles range from none to about 4 percent landscape positions Thickness—18 to 40 inches thick Typical Pedon Bt/E horizon: Stringtown fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes, is Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and located from U.S. Highway 287 in Groveton, 10.7 miles chroma of 4, 6, or 8 south-southwest on Farm Road 355 to Chita community, Redoximorphic features—none to common iron 2.5 miles south on Carlisle/Chita Road, 1 mile southeast concentrations in shades of red, brown, or on road in woods, 300 feet north on old adjoining road yellow in woods, 120 feet east in pine plantation; USGS Chita Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam topographic quadrangle; latitude 30 degrees 53 Other features—contains 5 to 15 percent albic minutes 34 seconds N.; longitude 95 degrees 11 streaks; rounded ironstone or quartzite pebbles minutes 02 seconds W. range from none to about 4 percent Thickness—18 to 40 inches thick A—0 to 5 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; soft, very 2Bt horizon: friable; common fine and medium roots; Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. chroma of 1 or 2 E—5 to 10 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy Redoximorphic features—iron concentrations in loam; weak fine granular structure; soft, very shades of red, brown, or yellow and iron friable; common fine and medium roots; depletions in shades of gray range from few to moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. many; or the matrix is variegated in these colors Bt1—10 to 18 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy Texture—clay loam or clay clay loam; common medium distinct red (2.5YR Other features—gypsum crystals and/or fine 5/8) relict iron concentrations; moderate medium masses of barite range from none to common subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common Thickness—10 to 30 inches thick fine roots; few pressure faces; common clay films; 2BC horizon: 1 percent rounded rock fragments; strongly acid; Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and gradual wavy boundary. chroma of 1 or 2 Bt2—18 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) Redoximorphic features—iron concentrations in sandy clay loam; common medium prominent red shades of red, brown, or yellow and iron (10R 4/8) relict iron concentrations; moderate depletions in shades of gray range from few to medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; many; or the matrix is variegated in these colors common fine roots; few pressure faces; common Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. loam Bt3—25 to 31 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy Other features—gypsum crystals and/or fine clay loam; common medium prominent red (2.5YR masses of barite range from none to common 4/8) and common medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) lithochromic mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common Stringtown Series fine roots; few pressure faces; common clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Depth class: Very deep Bt4—31 to 42 inches; 35 percent strong brown (7.5YR Drainage class: Well drained 5/8), 35 percent red (2.5YR 4/8) and 30 percent Permeability: Moderate light gray (10YR 7/2) sandy clay loam; weak fine Landscape: Coastal plain subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common Landform: Uplands fine roots; few pressure faces; common clay films; Parent material: Weakly consolidated loamy marine strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. sediments Bt5—42 to 51 inches; 45 percent yellowish brown Slope range: 5 to 15 percent (10YR 5/8), 30 percent light gray (10YR 7/1), and 25 percent red (2.5YR 4/8) sandy clay loam; weak Trinity County, Texas 147

fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few Redoximorphic features—relict iron concentrations fine roots; few pressure faces; few clay films; in shades of red, yellow, and brown (Bt1 and strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Bt2); gray colors are lithochromic BC1—51 to 68 inches; 35 percent brownish yellow Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam (10YR 6/8), 35 percent red (2.5YR 4/6), and 30 Other features—generally contains 1 to 15 percent, percent light gray (10YR 7/2) fine sandy loam; by volume, of pebbles and flattened fragments weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, of ironstone friable; few fine roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy Thickness—18 to 37 inches thick boundary. BC horizon: BC2—68 to 80 inches; 45 percent strong brown (7.5YR Color—Variegated in shades of yellow, red, and 5/8), 30 percent light gray (10YR 7/2), and 25 gray percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) fine sandy Redoximorphic features—none loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy clay loam that friable; few fine roots; strongly acid. commonly contains fragments of weathered Range in Characteristics shale and sandstone Other features—none Solum thickness: 60 to more than 80 inches Thickness—6 to 10 inches thick Clay content in the control section: 18 to 35 percent Redoximorphic features: Relict iron concentrations and C horizon (where present): lithochromic mottles in shades of red, yellow, and Color—shades of gray, red, and brown brown in the Bt1 and Bt2 horizons; gray colors are Redoximorphic features—none lithochromic and are due to weathered shale Texture—sandy clay loam with strata of soft shale fragments and sandstone Other distinctive soil features: Ironstone pebbles and Other features—none angular fragments make up 1 to 20 percent, by The Stringtown soils in Trinity County are volume, of the A and E horizons; a few ironstone taxadjuncts to the Stringtown series because they cobbles up to 6 inches across occur in some typically have a significant clay decrease in the lower pedons; plinthite makes up 1 to 4 percent, by part of the subsoil, and they do not have a stratified, volume, of the lower Bt horizon; base saturation shaley substratum within a depth of 60 inches. This ranges from 25 to 35 percent difference, however, does not significantly affect the Reaction: A and E horizons—very strongly acid to use, management, or interpretations of the soils. slightly acid; Bt and BC horizons—very strongly acid to moderately acid A horizon: Tehran Series Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of Depth class: Very deep 2 to 4 Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Redoximorphic features—none Permeability: Moderately rapid Texture—fine sandy loam Landscape: Coastal plain Other features—none Landform: Uplands Thickness—2 to 6 inches thick Parent material: Sandy and loamy sediments E horizon: Slope range: 5 to 15 percent Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of Taxonomic classification: Loamy, siliceous, semiactive, 3 or 4 thermic Grossarenic Paleudults Redoximorphic features—none Associated soils: Corrigan, Letney, and Rayburn Texture—fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, gravelly • Corrigan and Rayburn soils are on ridges and in fine sandy loam, or gravelly loamy fine sand steep side slope positions in nearby areas and have Other features—none a clayey control section Thickness—4 to 6 inches thick • Letney soils are in broad ridgetop positions and on the upper part of side slopes Bt horizon: Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and Typical Pedon chroma of 6 or 8 Tehran loamy sand, 5 to 15 percent slopes, is located from Farm Road 355 in Groveton, 6.6 miles east on 148 Soil Survey

U.S. Highway 287; 2.7 miles south on county road, 1.7 Redoximorphic features—none miles northeast on timber company road, 400 feet Texture—loamy sand northwest on power line right-of-way, 100 feet east in Other features—none woods; USGS Colita topographic quadrangle; latitude Thickness—3 to 6 inches thick 30 degrees 59 minutes 46 seconds N.; longitude 95 E horizon: degrees 08 minutes 01 second W. Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of A—0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand; single 3 or 4 grained; loose, very friable; many fine and medium Redoximorphic features—none roots; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. Texture—loamy sand or sand E1—8 to 17 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand; Other features—quartzite gravel ranges from 0 to single grained; loose, very friable; common fine 10 percent, by volume roots; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. Thickness—40 to 60 inches thick E2—17 to 34 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy Bt horizon: sand; common medium faint light yellowish brown Color—hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of (10YR 6/4) iron stains; single grained; loose, very 4 to 7, and chroma of 4, 6, or 8 friable; few fine roots; moderately acid; gradual Redoximorphic features—relict iron accumulations wavy boundary. are common in shades of yellow, red, and E3—34 to 45 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) brown; iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less loamy sand; common medium distinct yellowish red are 60 inches or more below the surface (5YR 5/6) iron stains; loose, very friable; few fine Texture—sandy clay loam, but ranges to sandy roots; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. loam in some pedons Bt1—45 to 60 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) sandy clay loam; Other features—quartzite gravel ranges from 0 to weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, 10 percent and plinthite from 0 to 5 percent, by friable; few fine roots; common clay films; strongly volume acid; gradual wavy boundary. Thickness—10 to 23 inches thick Bt2—60 to 67 inches; 65 percent red (2.5YR 4/8) and 35 percent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Urland Series structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; few pockets of very pale brown (10YR 7/3) clean sand; common Depth class: Deep clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Drainage class: Well drained Bt3—67 to 80 inches; 70 percent red (2.5YR 4/8) and Permeability: Moderately slow 30 percent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy loam; Landscape: Coastal plain weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, Landform: Uplands friable; few fine roots; pockets of very pale brown Parent material: Stratified sandstone and clayey coastal clean sand; common clay films; strongly acid. plain sediments of Pleistocene age Slope range: 1 to 5 percent Range in Characteristics Taxonomic classification: Clayey, mixed, active, thermic Solum thickness: More than 60 inches Typic Hapludults Clay content in the control section: 18 to 32 percent Associated soils: Moswell and Stringtown Redoximorphic features: Common relict iron • Moswell soils have base saturation greater than 35 concentrations in shades of yellow, red, and brown percent in the lower part of the profile and relict iron depletions in shades of gray are in • Stringtown soils contain less than 35 percent clay in the lower part of the solum the upper part of the argillic horizon and are in Other distinctive soil features: Base saturation ranges steeper or more convex side slope positions from 15 to 30 percent at 72 inches below the Typical Pedon surface; 10 to 25 percent of the sand fraction is coarse or very coarse sand Urland fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, is Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid located from Farm Road 355 in Groveton, 1.3 miles east throughout on U.S. Highway 287, 10 miles northeast on Farm Road 2262, 3.2 miles north on Farm Road 357, 0.25 mile east A horizon: on Zion Cemetery road, 50 feet north of road in woods; Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of USGS Apple Springs topographic quadrangle; latitude 2 to 4 Trinity County, Texas 149

31 degrees 09 minutes 46 seconds N.; longitude 94 A horizon: degrees 57 minutes 30 seconds W. Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4 A—0 to 2 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; Redoximorphic features—none weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable; Texture—fine sandy loam many fine roots; about 5 percent ironstone Other features—none pebbles; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. Thickness—2 to 8 inches thick AB—2 to 5 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; soft, very E horizon (where present): friable; common fine roots; about 5 percent iron Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of stone pebbles; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. 2 to 4 Bt1—5 to 14 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) clay; moderate Redoximorphic features—none medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; Texture—fine sandy loam common fine roots; continuous clay films; very Other features—none strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Thickness—0 to 10 inches thick Bt2—14 to 22 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) clay; few AB horizon: medium distinct red (2.5YR 5/6) relict Color—hue of 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of concentrations; moderate medium subangular 4, 6, or 8 blocky structure; hard, firm; common fine roots; Redoximorphic features—none continuous clay films; very strongly acid; gradual Texture—fine sandy loam wavy boundary. Other features—none Bt3—22 to 43 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) clay loam; Thickness—0 to 5 inches thick common medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) relict iron concentrations; moderate medium Upper Bt horizon: subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and fine roots; continuous clay films; very strongly acid; chroma of 4, 6, or 8 gradual wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—none to common relict Bt/C—43 to 58 inches; 90 percent red (2.5YR 4/8) concentrations in shades of brown and red sandy clay loam (Bt); 10 percent horizontal gray Texture—clay, clay loam, or sandy clay weathered shale fragments (C); few medium Other features—contains from 0 to about 10 prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) relict iron percent, by volume, of ironstone pebbles concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky Thickness—10 to 25 inches thick structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; few clay Lower Bt horizon: films; few pockets of weathered glauconitic Color—hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, material; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. and chroma of 4, 6, or 8 C/Bt—58 to 72 inches; 95 percent yellowish brown Redoximorphic features—common or many relict (10YR 5/8) soft sandstone (C) with texture of fine concentrations in shades of red, yellow, and sandy loam; 5 percent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of brown sandy clay loam (Bt); massive; hard, firm; few fine Texture—clay, clay loam, or sandy clay roots; very strongly acid. Other features—none Thickness—10 to 25 inches thick Range in Characteristics Bt/C horizon: Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches Color—hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, Clay content in the control section: 35 to 55 percent and chroma of 4, 6, or 8 Redoximorphic features: None to common relict iron Redoximorphic features—common or many relict concentrations in shades of brown and red in the concentrations in shades of red, yellow, and subsoil brown Other distinctive soil features: Base saturation ranges Texture—Sandy clay loam, clay loam, or sandy from 15 to 35 percent loam Reaction: A, E (where present), and AB horizons— Other features—none strongly acid to slightly acid; Bt, Bt/C, and C/Bt horizons—very strongly acid to strongly acid C/Bt horizon: Color—shades of red, brown, yellow, gray, white, and pink 150

Redoximorphic features—none Bt3—36 to 52 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fine Texture—stratified or interbedded soft sandstone sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky with clayey and loamy soil materials structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; Other features—none many fine pores; common clay films; clay bridges on sand grains; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. Bt4—52 to 62 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) fine Woden Series sandy loam; weak subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; many fine Depth class: Very deep pores; common clay films; sand grains coated and Drainage class: Well drained bridged with clay; slightly acid; gradual smooth Permeability: Moderately rapid boundary. Landscape: Coastal plain Bt5—62 to 74 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) loam; Landform: Stream terraces moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Parent material: Alluvial sediments hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine Slope range: 1 to 4 percent pores; common clay films; slightly acid; gradual Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, smooth boundary. semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudalfs Bt6—74 to 80 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) fine Associated soils: Austonio, Besner, Hainesville, and sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Latex structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few • Austonio and Latex soils have a fine-loamy control fine pores; few clay films; slightly acid. section • Besner soils have a coarse-loamy control section and Range in Characteristics a glossic horizon Solum thickness: More than 80 inches • Hainesville soils are commonly in slightly lower Clay content in the control section: 12 to 18 percent positions and are sandy throughout Redoximorphic features: None Typical Pedon Other distinctive soil features: None to few rounded ironstone and quartzite pebbles throughout Woden fine sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes, is Reaction: Strongly acid to slightly acid throughout located from Loop 304 in Crockett, Texas, 25.5 miles northeast through Weches on Texas Highway 21, 0.3 A horizon: mile north of the intersection of Texas Highway 21 and Color—hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of U.S. Forest Service Road 511 in pasture; USGS Weches 3 to 5, and chroma of 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 topographic quadrangle; latitude 31 degrees 33 Redoximorphic features—none minutes 41 seconds N.; longitude 95 degrees 10 Texture—fine sandy loam minutes 46 seconds W. Other features—none Thickness—4 to 10 inches thick Ap—0 to 5 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy E horizon: loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; Color—hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 5 to 7, slightly hard, very friable; many fine roots; strongly and chroma of 2 to 4 acid; clear smooth boundary. Redoximorphic features—none E—5 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; Texture—fine sandy loam weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly Other features—none hard, very friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; Thickness—0 to 10 inches thick clear smooth boundary. Bt1—12 to 25 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) fine Bt horizon: sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; Color—hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, slightly hard, very friable; common fine roots; and chroma of 6 or 8 many fine pores; few clay films; slightly acid; Redoximorphic features—none to few brown, red, gradual smooth boundary. or yellow relict iron concentrations Bt2—25 to 36 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) fine Texture—fine sandy loam or loam sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; Other features—few streaks or spots of uncoated slightly hard, very friable; common fine roots; sand are in the lower part of some pedons many fine pores; few clay films; slightly acid; clear Thickness—more than 80 inches thick smooth boundary. 151

Formation of the Soils

In this section, the factors of soil formation are Trinity County upland soils are developed from described and related to the formation of the soils in parent materials that are essentially weathered Trinity County. Also, the surface geology of the county is residuum from underlying Tertiary age sedimentary described. bedrock. Soils on steeper slopes are affected in varying degrees by creep, or mass movement of soil down Factors of Soil Formation slopes. This movement has not, however, been significant enough to destroy the residual effects of the A soil is a three-dimensional natural body consisting parent material. Conversely, Pleistocene terrace and of mineral and organic material that can support plant Holocene flood plain soils and their parent materials are growth. The nature of any soil at a given site is the not necessarily a product of the underlying bedrock. result of the interaction of five general factors—parent These alluvial soils formed in parent materials material, climate, plants and animals, relief, and time. transported and deposited by rivers and smaller Climate and plants and animals have an effect on streams in Trinity County. parent material that is modified by relief over time. Theoretically, if all these factors were identical at Climate different sites, the soils at these sites would be identical. Differences among the soils are caused by Trinity County has a warm, moist, humid, subtropical variations in one or more of these factors. climate that is characterized by moderate to heavy rainfall. The rainfall promotes rapid formation of soils Parent Material throughout the county. Summers are hot and humid. Winters are mild. Rainfall is uniform over the county; Parent material is the unconsolidated mass from however, it is modified locally by runoff caused by which a soil forms. Parent material, in conjunction with steepness of slope. As a result, most of the soils in the climate, biota, topography, and time has a major survey area are deep. Most differences between the influence on the chemical and mineral composition of soils, however, cannot be attributed to the climate soil. The ultimate source of mineral parent material is because it has always been uniform throughout the from weathered sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic survey area. rock. The organic fraction of parent material is derived mainly from decomposition of vegetation. Plant and Animal Life Water, wind, and gravity have been the primary transport and depositional agents of geologic strata and In Trinity County, plants, insects, micro-organisms, parent materials in Trinity County. Continental and crayfish, earthworms, and other forms of living marine sediments were laid down during the Tertiary organisms have contributed to the development of the and Quarternary periods. Tertiary age strata are soils. Increased organic matter and nitrogen in the soil, continental fluvial, deltaic, lagoonal and shallow marine, gains or losses in plant nutrients, and changes in and wind-transported volcanic ash sediments deposited structure and porosity are caused by plant and animal during the Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene epochs. life. Quaternary age sediments were deposited during the Vegetation, dominantly trees, has had a great effect Pleistocene and Holocene epochs on higher fluviatile on soil formation in the county. The soils that formed terrace levels along rivers and other major streams. under trees are generally low in content of organic Holocene age sediments include modern alluvial matter and light in color. Some of the upland and deposits on flood plains and the lowest terrace level terrace soils under grass vegetation are medium in along the Trinity River, Neches River, and smaller organic matter content. streams. 152 Soil Survey

Relief which extends eastward into Louisiana and southwestward into Texas. Relief is the relative position and elevation of natural The Beaumont and Palestine sheets of the geologic or man-made features that define the surface atlas of Texas and the geologic map of Texas depict the configuration of an area. The relief within Trinity County geologic outcrops in Trinity County. The older ranges from nearly level to steep. The nearly level formations outcropping in Trinity County are Tertiary areas consist of flood plains and fluvial terraces. Some age strata deposited during the Eocene, Oligocene, and broad interfluves are nearly level to gently sloping. Miocene epochs. Tertiary outcrops are located on Slopes adjacent to drainageways are generally strongly interfluves of major streams and become progressively sloping to moderately steep. A few hills and slopes are younger along a traverse from north to south. Younger steep. Quaternary age sediment is stream terrace and flood Relief affects soil formation through its influence on plain substrate deposited during the Pleistocene and surface runoff, soil moisture penetration depths, and Holocene epochs. The youngest geologic unit in the drainage. If other factors remain constant, the degree county is Holocene alluvium on the Neches River, Trinity of soil profile development depends on the amount, River, and flood plains of smaller streams. depth, and penetration of soil moisture. The more often Tertiary strata and Quaternary fluvial sediment are a soil is subjected to a wetting and drying cycle, the the sources of soil parent materials in Trinity County. greater and more distinct the soil development. As Claystone, siltstone, shale, and sandstone strata are slope gradient increases, especially in excess of 8 overlain by clayey, loamy, and sandy soils, respectively. percent, the water penetration depth significantly Fluvial sediment is the parent material for clayey to decreases. Soil formation is retarded because less gravelly soils. Consequently, the general soil map water is available for soil moisture. Less water for soil depicts the general location and areal extent of Tertiary moisture is due to enhanced surface runoff, which is an outcrops and of Quaternary fluvial deposition and effect of greater gradient. related stream patterns.

Time Tertiary Formations and Associated Soils A great length of time is required for the formation of soils with distinct horizons. The differences in the Tertiary formations outcropping on the West Gulf length of time that the parent material has been in Coastal Plain are generally in coast paralleling bands. place are commonly reflected in the degree of The strike of these formations in Trinity County is in an development of soil horizons. Young soils have very east-west direction. Formational dip at the outcrop is little horizon development, and old soils have well toward the Gulf of Mexico at angles only slightly greater expressed horizons. than the current land surface slope. Contacts between Koury and Pophers soils are young soils. They are on formations are unconformable; the overlying formation flood plains where sediment is continuously added. was deposited on the eroded surface of the underlying These soils have little soil horizon development. formation. Differential erosion has subsequently Advanced stages of development are evident in resulted in numerous outliers and inliers. These many of the soils in Trinity County. The Urland soils, for geologic characteristics and predominantly forest example, were formed over a longer period of time and vegetation have greatly complicated determination of have been leached of most bases and have distinct formational contacts and soils mapping. horizonation and clay movement in the profile. There are no faults mapped in Tertiary formation outcrops in Trinity County. Surface Geology Depositional environment, in conjunction with sediment origins and time, determines lithic and Max Bircket, soil geomorphologist, Natural Resources mineral characteristics of the sediments, which Conservation Service, helped prepare this section. eventually are the source of soil parent materials. Trinity County is located within the West Gulf Ancient rising and lowering of sea level, transgressions

Coastal Plain section of the Coastal Plain physiographic and regressions of water over the land area, province. The topography in Trinity County is generally respectively, affected the depositional environment of subdued. Low hills and cuestas parallel the outcrops of sediment. Tertiary strata outcropping in Trinity County relatively erosion-resistant geologic formations. The are the result of a dominantly regressing sea. This Catahoula Formation and the formations in the Jackson scenario is manifested by Jackson Group formations Group are the substrata for the Kisatchie Escarpment, that were deposited in shallow marine, deltaic, and Trinity County, Texas 153

fluvial depositional environments. A shallow marine oldest to youngest, were deposited in shallow marine- environment produced sandy calcareous shale and prodelta to continental-fluvial depositional glauconite, a green iron silicate; a deltaic environment environments, respectively. All four formations are has resulted in sandy siltstone, shale, and fine-grained lignitic and contain fossil wood and smectites sandstone; a fluvial depositional environment produced weathered from pyroclastics. The Whitsett Formation, sandstone and conglomerate with lesser amounts of however, contains relatively more volcanic ash, tuff, and claystone, siltstone, and lignite. smectite. With the exception of volcanic ash and tuff, Tertiary The Cadell Formation was deposited in a shallow strata outcropping in Trinity County originated in a marine-prodelta depositional environment over the paleo-fluvial system that has been superseded by the Yegua Formation. Clay, mudstone, and shale are the modern Trinity River and Neches River systems. The dominant sources of parent materials from the Cadell extinct Chita-Corrigan fluvial system transported Formation. Glauconite, an indicator of a shallow marine dominantly siliceous sediment indigenous to its depositional environment, is also present in various drainage area. The ash originated from volcanoes amounts. Weathered glauconite, an iron oxide, in erupting in northern Mexico, southwest Texas, and parent materials imparts a characteristic dark maroon southern New Mexico. Prevailing winds transported the to light red color to the soil. Soils developed over the airborne ash eastward where it descended to ground- Cadell Formation are in the Kurth-Colita-Lovelady surface. The ash then became a component of the general soil map unit. sediment loads in the Chita-Corrigan fluvial system and The Wellborn Formation was deposited in a delta- other paleo-fluvial systems flowing into the Gulf of front depositional environment, and the Manning Mexico. Most of the older Eocene ash has weathered to Formation was laid down in a delta-plain depositional smectitic clay or consolidated to tuff. environment. Both formations are mostly quartz sandstone and mudstone, are lignitic, and contain fossil Claiborne Group wood. The Wellborn Formation, in contrast to the The Eocene age Yegua Formation is the youngest Manning Formation, is glauconitic and contains very formation in the Claiborne Group and the oldest fine-grained sandstone. Also, the Wellborn Formation formation outcropping in Trinity County. The Yegua outcrop is significantly narrower, indicating a relatively Formation outcrop is in the northern part of the county lesser thickness. and is dominantly claystone, siltstone, shale, sandstone, Similar soils have developed on the Wellborn and lignite. These strata were laid down in fluvial and Formation and the Manning Formation because of deltaic depositional environments. The clay and finer lithologic similarities. The Herty-Moswell and the Kurth- silt size sediments were deposited in interdistributary, Colita-Lovelady general soil map units are mapped on crevasse-splay, and delta-front environments. The both formations. Herty and Moswell soils have coarser sand sediments were deposited in distributary developed in silt and clay parent materials. Kurth, and delta-plain environments. Lignitic materials Colita, and Lovelady soils have developed in dominantly accumulated in abandoned distributary channels, sandy and silty parent materials. distributary swamps, and marshes. Volcanic ash is The Whitsett Formation was laid down in a fluvial interbedded with the fluvial and deltaic sediment. Most depositional environment. It contains more quartz sand, of the ash in the Yegua Formation has weathered to volcanic ash, and smectites than the older Jackson smectites. Group formations. Lithologically, it is predominantly The Fuller-Kurth-Keltys general soil map unit is light-colored sand, sandy clay, and green tuffaceous largely confined to the Yegua Formation outcrop. The C clay. Soils in the Kurth-Colita-Lovelady general soil map horizon of the major soils in this unit developed from unit are mapped over the Whitsett Formation. the finer grained clay, silt, and shale deltaic facies of Catahoula Formation the Yegua Formation. The Miocene age Catahoula Formation crops out in Jackson Group the south-central portion of the county over the The younger Jackson Group was deposited over the Whitsett Formation. The Catahoula Formation was Claiborne Group. The Jackson Group, which has the deposited in a continental-fluvial depositional largest outcrop area in the county, is divided into four environment. It is mainly sandstone and mudstone formations. From oldest to youngest, they are the interbedded with large amounts of weathered volcanic Eocene age Cadell Formation, Wellborn Formation, and ash and tuff. The ash is predominantly tiny glass Manning Formation, and the Eocene-Oligocene age shards, which are a source of siliceous cement in the Whitsett Formation. Jackson Group formations, from sandstone. The Catahoula Formation is essentially a 154

source of noncalcareous parent materials. Soils in the deposited as interdistributary, channel fill, and overbank Colita-Laska-Corrigan general soil map unit are mapped muds. Sand and silt were laid down as meanderbelt, over the Catahoula Formation. levee, crevasse-splay, and distributary deposits along old aggraded stream channels. Fleming Formation Gladewater and Pophers soils are mapped over the The Fleming Formation is Miocene in age and crops Beaumont Formation in Trinity County. out over the Catahoula Formation. The outcrop is of Fluviatile Terrace Substrate limited extent, located east of the community of Carlisle in the extreme southern sector of the county (Barnes, Flood plain deposition postdating the Beaumont 1968a). Lithologically, it is mostly fluviatile clay with Formation occurred during Pleistocene time in Trinity subordinate beds of sandstone. The clay and sandstone County. Subsequent erosion, stream channel are commonly calcareous. The sandstone is medium incisement, and flood plain dissection have left only grained, thick bedded, locally cross-bedded, and locally remnants of once broad extensive flood plains. The abundant with quartz and chert gravel. remnants are now fluviatile terraces along valley walls Eastham and Garner soils are mapped over the and adjacent to the outer periphery of younger Fleming Formation in Trinity County. Holocene flood plain alluvium. Fluviatile terraces in Trinity County are in the vicinity of the confluence of Quaternary Formations, Sediments, Tantabogue Creek and White Rock Creek and two and Associated Soils isolated areas west of the Neches River. Soil parent materials under the terraces are mostly sand, silt, and Pleistocene age sediments are on the various clay. fluviatile terrace levels along the Trinity and Neches Koury, Pophers, and Ozias soils are mapped on Rivers. These sediments, the remnants of ancient flood fluviatile terraces in Trinity County. plains, are not extensive in Trinity County. Stream Deweyville Formation channel entrenchment and other erosion processes have left the older flood plain sediments as substrate The late Pleistocene to early Holocene age for relict terraces above and on the periphery of Deweyville Formation is the youngest terrace substrate younger Holocene flood plains. Consequently, the above the modern Holocene age flood plain. Five locations of these fluvial sediments and associated soil isolated terrace remnants are mapped in the extreme parent materials are determined by stream channel southern sector of the county (Barnes, 1968a and location. 1968b). In addition to its topographic position Holocene age sediments include alluvial deposits on immediately above and adjacent to the modern flood modern flood plains along the Trinity and Neches Rivers plain, the Deweyville Formation can be delineated from and smaller streams in the county. Lake Livingston, younger Holocene alluvium by its coarser gravel and however, inundates a significant area of the Trinity sand. The formation is composed of fluvial sand, silt, River and White Creek flood plains in Trinity County. clay, and gravel. Austonio, Eastham, and Hainesville soils are mapped Beaumont Formation over the Deweyville Formation in Trinity County. The Pleistocene age Beaumont Formation was Holocene Age Alluvium deposited on flood plains and delta plains of coalescing streams draining into the Gulf of Mexico. It was Holocene age alluvium consists of flood plain deposited at a high sea level stage, probably during the deposits along the Neches River, Trinity River, and Sangamon Interglacial Stage. Only a small area of the smaller streams in the county. These unconsolidated Beaumont Formation outcrop is mapped in Trinity deposits, or soil parent materials, are composed of County. It represents an upstream flood plain deposit gravel, sand, clay, silt, and locally abundant organic now in a relict terrace position on the north side of Lake sediments. Livingston. The Beaumont Formation is the oldest Alazan, Besner, Hainesville, Sawlit, and Sawtown terrace substrate in Trinity County. The formation is soils are mapped on the Neches River flood plain in dominantly clay with silt and sand. The clay was Trinity County. 155

References

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University of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology. 1974. Geologic atlas of Texas, Palestine and Beaumont sheets. 157

Glossary

ABC soil. A soil having an A, a B, and a C horizon. defined as the difference between the amount of AC soil. A soil having only an A and a C horizon. soil water at field moisture capacity and the Commonly, such soil formed in recent alluvium or amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed on steep, rocky slopes. as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is from the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil expressed as: is similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a Very low...... 0 to 3 poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in carbon Low...... 3 to 6 dioxide and lower in oxygen. Moderate ...... 6 to 9 Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single High ...... 9 to 12 mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as Very high ...... more than 12 granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods are aggregates produced by tillage or logging. Basal area. The area of a cross section of a tree, Alkali (sodic) soil. A soil having so high a degree of generally referring to the section at breast height alkalinity (pH 8.5 or higher) or so high a percentage and measured outside the bark. It is a measure of of exchangeable sodium (15 percent or more of the stand density, commonly expressed in square feet. total exchangeable bases), or both, that plant Base saturation. The degree to which material growth is restricted. having cation-exchange properties is saturated with Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay, exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K), deposited on land by streams. expressed as a percentage of the total cation- Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in exchange capacity. 1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the Base slope. A geomorphic component of hills presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A consisting of the concave to linear (perpendicular to positive reaction indicates a type of redoximorphic the contour) slope that, regardless of the lateral feature. shape, forms an apron or wedge at the bottom of a Anaerobic. A situation in which molecular oxygen is hillside dominated by colluvium and slope-wash virtually absent from the environment. sediments (for example, slope alluvium). Animal unit month (AUM). The amount of forage Bedding system. A drainage system made by required by one mature cow of approximately plowing, grading, or otherwise shaping the surface 1,000 pounds weight, with or without a calf, for 1 of a flat field. It consists of a series of low ridges month. separated by shallow, parallel dead furrows. Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at features. the surface. Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by an Bottom land. The normal flood plain of a stream, accumulation of illuvial clay. subject to flooding. Artificial hydric soil. A soil that meets the definition of Brush management. Use of mechanical, chemical, or a hydric soil as a result of an artificially induced biological methods to make conditions favorable for hydrologic regime and did not meet the definition reseeding or to reduce or eliminate competition before the artificial measures were applied. from woody vegetation and thus allow understory Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces. grasses and forbs to recover. Brush management Available water capacity (available moisture increases forage production and thus reduces the capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water hazard of erosion. It can improve the habitat for available for use by most plants. It is commonly some species of wildlife. 158 Soil Survey

Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with plane. They typically take the form of concentric cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium carbonate, Canopy. The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See iron oxide, and manganese oxide are common Crown.) compounds making up concretions. If formed in Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil place, concretions of iron oxide or manganese particles and in tiny spaces between particles. oxide are generally considered a type of Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds redoximorphic concentration. capillary water in the soil. Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in Catena. A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a combination with needed cultural and management landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent practices. In a good conservation cropping system, material but have different characteristics as a the soil-improving crops and practices more than result of differences in relief and drainage. offset the effects of the soil-depleting crops and Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity. practices. Cropping systems are needed on all tilled The common soil cations are calcium, potassium, soils. Soil-improving practices in a conservation magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen. cropping system include the use of rotations that Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of contain grasses and legumes and the return of crop exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil, residue to the soil. Other practices include the use expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 of green manure crops of grasses and legumes, grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other proper tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and stated pH value. The term, as applied to soils, is pest control. synonymous with base-exchange capacity but is Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not more precise in meaning. invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount Channery soil material. Soil material that has, by of crop residue on the surface throughout the year. volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat fragments of Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to much as 6 inches (15 centimeters) along the deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes longest axis. A single piece is called a channer. resistance of soil material to rupture and to Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of through the use of chemicals. puddled soil material; and the manner in which the Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less soil material behaves when subject to compression. than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural Terms describing consistence are defined in the class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay, “Soil Survey Manual.” less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40 percent Control section. The part of the soil on which silt. classification is based. The thickness varies among Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low different kinds of soil, but for many it is that part of content of iron, manganese, and clay because of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches and 40 the chemical reduction of iron and manganese and or 80 inches. the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A type of Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical redoximorphic depletion. action that dissolves or weakens concrete or Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the surface uncoated steel. of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root channels. Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin. improve and protect the soil between periods of Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand. regular crop production, or a crop grown between COLE (coefficient of linear extensibility). See trees and vines in orchards and vineyards. Linear extensibility. Crop residue management. Returning crop residue Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure, or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern organic matter content, and fertility and helps to or so small in area that it is not practical to map control erosion. them separately at the selected scale of mapping. Crown. The upper part of a tree or shrub, including the The pattern and proportion of the soils or living branches and their foliage. miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all Culmination of the mean annual increment areas. (CMAI). The average annual increase per acre in Trinity County, Texas 159

the volume of a stand. Computed by dividing the Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a total volume of the stand by its age. As the stand perched water table in a soil in which saturated increases in age, the mean annual increment layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated continues to increase until mortality begins to layers within 2 meters of the surface. reduce the rate of increase. The point where the Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by stand reaches its maximum annual rate of growth water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by is called the culmination of the mean annual such processes as gravitational creep. increment. Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid Decreasers. The most heavily grazed climax range than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human plants. Because they are the most palatable, they or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature, are the first to be destroyed by overgrazing. such as a fire, that exposes the surface. Deferred grazing. Postponing grazing or resting Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope grazing land for a prescribed period. or cliff breaking the general continuity of more Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp. deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches; Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper 20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches. balance, for the growth of specified plants when Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth, light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other generally a terrace, built to protect downslope growth factors are favorable. areas by diverting runoff from its natural course. Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry duration of wet periods under conditions similar to weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has those under which the soil formed. Alterations of drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3 the water regime by human activities, either days after a soaking rain; also called normal field through drainage or irrigation, are not a capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary consideration unless they have significantly capacity. changed the morphology of the soil. Seven classes Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay. of natural soil drainage are recognized—excessively Flooded. A condition in which the soil surface is drained, somewhat excessively drained, well temporarily covered with flowing water from any drained, moderately well drained, somewhat poorly source, such as streams overflowing their banks, drained, poorly drained, and very poorly drained. runoff from adjacent or surrounding slopes, inflow These classes are defined in the “Soil Survey from the high tides, or any combination of sources. Manual.” Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water, stream and is subject to flooding unless protected from an area. artificially. Drained. A condition in which ground or surface water Fluvial. Of or pertaining to rivers; produced by river has been removed by artificial means. action, as a fluvial plain. Ecological site. An area where climate, soil, and relief Footslope. The position that forms the inner, gently are sufficiently uniform to produce a distinct natural inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. In profile, plant community. An ecological site is the product footslopes are commonly concave. A footslope is a of all the environmental factors responsible for its transition zone between upslope sites of erosion development. It is typified by an association of and transport (shoulders and backslopes) and species that differ from those on other ecological downslope sites of deposition (toeslopes). sites in kind and/or proportion of species or in total Forest type. A stand of trees similar in composition production. and development because of given physical and Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in biological factors by which it may be differentiated which all horizons between the upper boundary of from other stands. saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated. Frequently flooded, ponded, saturated. A Ephemeral stream. A stream, or reach of a stream, frequency class in which flooding, ponding, or that flows only in direct response to precipitation. It saturation is likely to occur often under usual receives no long-continued supply from melting weather conditions (more than 50 percent chance snow or other source, and its channel is above the in any year, or more than 50 times in 100 years). water table at all times. Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers 160 Soil Survey

especially to the processes or soil-forming factors browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4) responsible for the formation of the solum, or true a combination of these. soil, from the unconsolidated parent material. C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer, excluding Gilgai. Commonly, a succession of microbasins and indurated bedrock, that is little affected by soil- microknolls in nearly level areas or of microvalleys forming processes and does not have the and microridges parallel with the slope. Typically, properties typical of the overlying soil material. The the microrelief of clayey soils that shrink and swell material of a C horizon may be either like or unlike considerably with changes in moisture content. that in which the solum formed. If the material is Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage, known to differ from that in the solum, an Arabic resulting in the reduction of iron and other numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the letter C. elements in the profile and in gray colors. Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as much the soil. as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6 centimeters) in R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil. diameter. An individual piece is a pebble. The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but it Gravelly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35 can be directly below an A or a B horizon. percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as 3 according to their runoff potential. The soil inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. properties that influence this potential are those Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on the material below the water table. a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting Growing season. The portion of the year when soil when the soil is not frozen. These properties are temperatures are above biologic zero at 50 depth to a seasonal high water table, the infiltration centimeters (19.7"). rate and permeability after prolonged wetting, and Hard bedrock. Bedrock that cannot be excavated depth to a very slowly permeable layer. The slope except by blasting or by the use of special and the kind of plant cover are not considered but equipment that is not commonly used in are separate factors in predicting runoff. construction. Hydrophytic vegetation. Plant life growing in water Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to or on a substrate that is at least periodically the surface, having distinct characteristics produced deficient in oxygen as a result of excessive water by soil-forming processes. In the identification of content. soil horizons, an uppercase letter represents the Increasers. Species in the climax vegetation that major horizons. Numbers or lowercase letters that increase in amount as the more desirable plants follow represent subdivisions of the major horizons. are reduced by close grazing. Increasers commonly An explanation of the subdivisions is given in the are the shorter plants and the less palatable to “Soil Survey Manual.” The major horizons of livestock. mineral soil are as follows: Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and decaying immediate surface of soil or other material, as plant residue. contrasted with percolation, which is movement of A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the water through soil layers or material. surface in which an accumulation of humified Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates organic matter is mixed with the mineral material. the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be originally part of a B horizon. limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main rate at which water is applied at the surface. feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or Interfluve. An elevated area between two some combination of these. drainageways that sheds water to those B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A drainageways. horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a transition from the overlying A to the underlying C stream, that flows for prolonged periods only when horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive it receives ground-water discharge or long, characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay, continued contributions from melting snow or other sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these; surface and shallow subsurface sources. (2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low content of iron and manganese oxide because of Trinity County, Texas 161

chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay follows: abundance—few, common, and many; content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast— type of redoximorphic depletion. faint, distinct, and prominent. The size K . Saturated hydraulic conductivity. (See measurements are of the diameter along the sat Permeability.) greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5 Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15 other material by percolating water. millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse, Linear extensibility. Refers to the change in length of more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch). an unconfined clod as moisture content is Mudstone. Sedimentary rock formed by induration of decreased from a moist to a dry state. Linear silt and clay in approximately equal amounts. extensibility is used to determine the shrink-swell Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees potential of soils. It is an expression of the volume of three simple variables—hue, value, and chroma. change between the water content of the clod at 1/ For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a color with 1 3- or /10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension) and hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of 4. oven dryness. Volume change is influenced by the Natric horizon. A special kind of argillic horizon that amount and type of clay minerals in the soil. The contains enough exchangeable sodium to have an volume change is the percent change for the whole adverse effect on the physical condition of the soil. If it is expressed as a fraction, the resulting subsoil. value is COLE, coefficient of linear extensibility. Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and passes from a plastic to a liquid state. manganese oxide are common compounds making Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of iron particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less oxide or manganese oxide are considered types of than 52 percent sand particles. redoximorphic concentrations. Long duration. A duration class in which inundation Nose slope. A geomorphic component of hills for a single event ranges from 7 days to 1 month. consisting of the projecting end (laterally convex Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to area) of a hillside. The overland waterflow is support loads. predominantly divergent. Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant matrix that do not have a clearly defined boundary essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly with the surrounding soil material and cannot be nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, removed as a discrete unit. Common compounds magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, making up masses are calcium carbonate, gypsum boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon, or other soluble salts, iron oxide, and manganese hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and oxide. Masses consisting of iron oxide or water. manganese oxide generally are considered a type Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in of redoximorphic concentration. various stages of decomposition. The content of Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical equipment organic matter in the surface layer is described as for seeding, brush management, and other follows: management practices. Very low...... less than 0.5 percent Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no Low...... 0.5 to 1.0 percent natural soil and supports little or no vegetation. Moderately low...... 1.0 to 2.0 percent Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface Moderate ...... 2.0 to 4.0 percent horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation High ...... 4.0 to 8.0 percent and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the Very high ...... more than 8.0 percent upper part of the subsoil. Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil, Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and including the texture, structure, porosity, mineral material in which soil forms. consistence, color, and other physical, mineral, and Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a biological properties of the various horizons, and granule, a prism, or a block. the thickness and arrangement of those horizons in Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.” the soil profile. A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to 10 162 Soil Survey

square meters), depending on the variability of the content of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil. soil has no properties restricting the penetration of Percolation. The movement of water through the soil. roots to this depth. Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables Prescribed burning. Deliberately burning an area for water or air to move downward through the profile. specific management purposes, under the The rate at which a saturated soil transmits water appropriate conditions of weather and soil moisture is accepted as a measure of this quality. In soil and at the proper time of day. physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the “Soil producing a specified plant or sequence of plants Survey Manual.” In line with conventional usage in under specific management. the engineering profession and with traditional Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending usage in published soil surveys, this rate of flow through all its horizons and into the parent continues to be expressed as “permeability.” Terms material. describing permeability, measured in inches per Proper grazing use. Grazing at an intensity that hour, are as follows: maintains enough cover to protect the soil and Extremely slow...... 0.0 to 0.01 inch maintain or improve the quantity and quality of the Very slow...... 0.01 to 0.06 inch desirable vegetation. This practice increases the Slow...... 0.06 to 0.2 inch vigor and reproduction capacity of the key plants Moderately slow...... 0.2 to 0.6 inch and promotes the accumulation of litter and mulch Moderate ...... 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches necessary to conserve soil and water. Moderately rapid ...... 2.0 to 6.0 inches Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a Rapid ...... 6.0 to 20 inches soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH Very rapid ...... more than 20 inches 7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The degrees Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH values, are: features that affect its use and management, such Ultra acid ...... less than 3.5 as slope, stoniness, and flooding. Extremely acid ...... 3.5 to 4.4 pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and Very strongly acid ...... 4.5 to 5.0 alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.) Strongly acid ...... 5.1 to 5.5 Plasticity index. The numerical difference between Moderately acid ...... 5.6 to 6.0 the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of Slightly acid ...... 6.1 to 6.5 moisture content within which the soil remains Neutral ...... 6.6 to 7.3 plastic. Slightly alkaline ...... 7.4 to 7.8 Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil Moderately alkaline ...... 7.9 to 8.4 changes from semisolid to plastic. Strongly alkaline ...... 8.5 to 9.0 Plinthite. The sesquioxide-rich, humus-poor, highly Very strongly alkaline ...... 9.1 and higher weathered mixture of clay with quartz and other diluents. It commonly appears as red mottles, Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules, usually in platy, polygonal, or reticulate patterns. concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other Plinthite changes irreversibly to an ironstone features resulting from the accumulation of iron or hardpan or to irregular aggregates on repeated manganese oxide. An indication of chemical wetting and drying, especially if it is exposed also reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation. to heat from the sun. In a moist soil, plinthite can Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from be cut with a spade. It is a form of laterite. which iron and manganese oxide or a combination Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed of iron and manganese oxide and clay has been depressions. Unless the soils are artificially drained, removed. These zones are indications of the the water can be removed only by percolation or chemical reduction of iron resulting from evapotranspiration. saturation. Poorly drained. Water is removed from the soil so Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic slowly that the soil is saturated periodically during concentrations, redoximorphic depletions, reduced the growing season or remains wet for long matrices, a positive reaction to alpha,alpha- periods. dipyridyl, and other features indicating the chemical Potential rooting depth (effective rooting reduction and oxidation of iron and manganese depth). Depth to which roots could penetrate if the compounds resulting from saturation. Trinity County, Texas 163

Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in (0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II). The sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil chemical reduction results from nearly continuous that is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12 wetness. The matrix undergoes a change in hue or percent clay. chroma within 30 minutes after exposure to air as Siltstone. Sedimentary rock made up of dominantly the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A type of redoximorphic silt-sized particles. feature. Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface, criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner, considered collectively. and have similar conservation needs or Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated, management requirements for the major land uses weathered or partly weathered mineral material in the survey area. that accumulated as consolidated rock disintegrated Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site in place. based on the height of the dominant stand at an Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example, height attained by dominant and codominant trees pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders. in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is 75 Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated feet, the site index is 75. by plant roots. Slickensides. Polished and grooved surfaces produced Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream by one mass sliding past another. In soils, channels from an area. The water that flows off slickensides may occur at the bases of slip surfaces the surface of the land without sinking into the soil on the steeper slopes; on faces of blocks, prisms, is called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil and columns; and in swelling clayey soils, where before reaching surface streams is called ground- there is marked change in moisture content. water runoff or seepage flow from ground water. Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the Saline soil. A soil containing soluble salts in an amount horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical that impairs growth of plants. A saline soil does not distance divided by horizontal distance, then contain excess exchangeable sodium. multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance. In fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters this survey, classes for simple slopes are as in diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As follows: a soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or Nearly level ...... 0 to 1 percent more sand and not more than 10 percent clay. Very gently sloping ...... 1 to 3 percent Sandstone. Sedimentary rock containing dominantly Gently sloping ...... 3 to 5 percent sand-sized particles. Moderately sloping ...... 5 to 8 percent Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive Strongly sloping ...... 8 to 12 percent pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of Moderately steep ...... 12 to 20 percent saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix Steep ...... 20 to 45 percent into an unlined auger hole. Very steep ...... 45 percent and higher Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are almost alike, except for differences in texture of the Sodic (alkali) soil. A soil having so high a degree of surface layer. All the soils of a series have horizons alkalinity (pH 8.5 or higher) or so high a percentage that are similar in composition, thickness, and of exchangeable sodium (15 percent or more of the arrangement. total exchangeable bases), or both, that plant Shale. Sedimentary rock formed by the hardening of a growth is restricted. clay deposit. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). A measure of the Shoulder. The position that forms the uppermost amount of sodium (Na) relative to calcium (Ca) and inclined surface near the top of a hillslope. It is a magnesium (Mg) in the water extract from transition from backslope to summit. The surface is saturated soil paste. It is the ratio of the Na dominantly convex in profile and erosional in origin. concentration divided by the square root of one-half Side slope. A geomorphic component of hills consisting of the Ca + Mg concentration. of a laterally planar area of a hillside. The overland Soft bedrock. Bedrock that can be excavated with waterflow is predominantly parallel. trenching machines, backhoes, small rippers, and Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles that other equipment commonly used in construction. range in diameter from the upper limit of clay Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s 164 Soil Survey

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or properties resulting from the integrated effect of its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth climate and living matter acting on earthy parent from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters). material, as conditioned by relief over periods of Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the time. “Ap horizon.” Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2 Taxadjuncts. Soils that cannot be classified in a series millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging recognized in the classification system. Such soils between specified size limits. The names and sizes, are named for a series they strongly resemble and in millimeters, of separates recognized in the are designated as taxadjuncts to that series United States are as follows: because they differ in ways too small to be of Very coarse sand ...... 2.0 to 1.0 consequence in interpreting their use and behavior. Coarse sand ...... 1.0 to 0.5 Soils are recognized as taxadjuncts only when one Medium sand ...... 0.5 to 0.25 or more of their characteristics are slightly outside Fine sand ...... 0.25 to 0.10 the range defined for the family of the series for Very fine sand ...... 0.10 to 0.05 which the soils are named. Silt ...... 0.05 to 0.002 Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat Clay ...... less than 0.002 or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the sea. Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt, Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic horizon, in which the processes of soil formation textural classes, in order of increasing proportion of are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E, fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of the loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay loam, material in these horizons are unlike those of the silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and clay. The material below the solum. The living roots and sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam classes may be plant and animal activities are largely confined to further divided by specifying “coarse,” “fine,” or the solum. “very fine.” Somewhat poorly drained. Water is removed slowly Toeslope. The position that forms the gently inclined enough that the soil is wet for significant periods surface at the base of a hillslope. Toeslopes in during the growing season. profile are commonly gentle and linear and are Stone line. A concentration of coarse fragments in a constructional surfaces forming the lower part of a soil. Generally, it is indicative of an old weathered hillslope continuum that grades to valley or closed- surface. In a cross section, the line may be one depression floors. fragment or more thick. It generally overlies Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most material that weathered in place and is overlain by favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily recent sediment of variable thickness. rich in organic matter and is used to topdress Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60 roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining. centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to 24 Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than the inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat. alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil lowlands along streams. particles into compound particles or aggregates. Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting colors The principal forms of soil structure are—platy assumed to be inherited from the parent material (laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates rather than to be the result of poor drainage. longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with Very long duration. A duration class in which rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular), and inundation for a single event is greater than 1 granular. Structureless soils are either single month. grained (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or Very poorly drained. Water is removed from the soil massive (the particles adhering without any regular so slowly that free water remains at or on the cleavage, as in many hardpans). surface during most of the growing season. Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of Water bars. Smooth, shallow ditches or depressional the solum below plow depth. areas that are excavated at an angle across a Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum. sloping road. They are used to reduce the Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB, downward velocity of water and divert it off and or EB) below the surface layer. away from the road surface. Water bars can easily be driven over if constructed properly. Trinity County, Texas 165

Water table. The upper surface of ground water Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The where the water is at atmospheric pressure. moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at Weathering. All physical and chemical changes which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the much that it does not recover when placed in a earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These humid, dark chamber. changes result in disintegration and decomposition Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees by of the material. the wind. 167

Tables 168 Soil Survey

Table 1.--Temperature and Precipitation

(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Groveton, Texas)

______| | | ______Temperature | Precipitation | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10| | | | | |______10 will have-- | Average | |______will have-- | Average | Month |Average|Average|Average| | |number of|Average| | |number of|Average | daily | daily | daily | Maximum | Minimum | growing | | Less | More |days with|snow- |maximum|minimum| |temperature|temperature| degree | |than--|than--|0.10 inch|fall | | | | higher | lower | days* | | | | or more | ______| | | | than-- | than-- | | | | | | | o__F | __oF | __oF | __oF | __oF | _____Units | __In | __In | __In | | __In | | | | | | | | | | | January-----| 60.1 | 36.6 | 48.3 | 79 | 14 | 105 | 3.61 | 1.55| 5.37| 6 | 0.3 | | | | | | | | | | | February----| 64.2 | 39.0 | 51.6 | 83 | 16 | 134 | 3.17 | 1.78| 4.41| 5 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | March------| 72.4 | 46.0 | 59.2 | 87 | 24 | 293 | 3.56 | 1.48| 5.32| 5 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | April------| 79.1 | 53.7 | 66.4 | 90 | 33 | 487 | 3.40 | 1.16| 5.25| 4 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | May------| 84.6 | 60.9 | 72.8 | 93 | 44 | 693 | 4.84 | 2.15| 7.13| 5 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | June------| 90.4 | 67.5 | 78.9 | 98 | 53 | 868 | 4.57 | 1.77| 6.91| 5 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | July------| 93.8 | 70.6 | 82.2 | 102 | 61 | 989 | 3.22 | 1.34| 4.82| 5 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | August------| 94.3 | 69.6 | 82.0 | 103 | 59 | 992 | 3.11 | 1.45| 4.54| 4 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | September---| 88.7 | 64.3 | 76.5 | 99 | 45 | 796 | 4.22 | 2.50| 5.75| 5 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | October-----| 81.2 | 53.7 | 67.5 | 93 | 33 | 540 | 3.33 | 1.24| 5.08| 4 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | November----| 71.5 | 44.7 | 58.1 | 86 | 23 | 265 | 3.94 | 2.02| 5.62| 5 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | December----| 63.2 | 37.5 | 50.3 | 79 | 15 | 119 | 4.12 | 2.29| 5.74| 5 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Average---| 78.6 | 53.7 | 66.2 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Extreme---| 108 | 1 | --- | 104 | 10 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Total-----| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6,281 | 45.10 | 34.49| 53.31| 58 | 0.3 ______| | | | | | | | | | |

* A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding the maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below which growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (50 degrees F). Trinity County, Texas 169

Table 2.--Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall

(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Groveton, Texas)

______| | ______Temperature Probability | | | | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF ______| or lower | or lower | or lower | | | | | | Last freezing | | | temperature | | | in spring: | | | | | | 1 year in 10 | | | later than-- | February 26 | March 19 | April 7 | | | 2 years in 10 | | | later than-- | February 19 | March 11 | March 31 | | | 5 years in 10 | | | later than-- | February 5 | February 25 | March 17 | | | First freezing | | | temperature | | | in fall: | | | | | | 1 year in 10 | | | earlier than-- | November 21 | November 5 | October 26 | | | 2 years in 10 | | | earlier than-- | November 29 | November 12 | November 1 | | | 5 years in 10 | | | earlier than-- | December 14 | November 27 | November 11 ______| | |

Table 3.--Growing Season

(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Groveton, Texas)

______| | Daily minimum temperature | ______during growing season Probability | | | | Higher | Higher | Higher | than | than | than | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF ______| | | | ____Days | ____Days | ____Days | | | 9 years in 10 | 279 | 241 | 211 | | | 8 years in 10 | 290 | 252 | 221 | | | 5 years in 10 | 311 | 274 | 239 | | | 2 years in 10 | 331 | 295 | 257 | | | 1 year in 10 | 342 | 307 | 266 ______| | | 170 Soil Survey

Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

______| | | Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent ______symbol | | | | | | | | | AaB |Alazan very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 4,666 | 1.0 AbA |Alazan-Besner complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 1,055 | 0.2 AnB |Annona fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 2,359 | 0.5 AuB |Austonio fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 1,306 | 0.3 AuD |Austonio fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes------| 1,354 | 0.3 BeA |Besner fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes------| 400 | * CaA |Colita fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes------| 1,772 | 0.4 CaB |Colita fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 11,094 | 2.4 ClA |Colita-Laska complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 6,815 | 1.5 CoB |Corrigan loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes------| 1,441 | 0.3 CoD |Corrigan loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes------| 3,143 | 0.7 EaA |Eastham clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 772 | 0.2 EaB |Eastham clay, 2 to 5 percent slopes------| 773 | 0.2 EtB |Etoile loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 914 | 0.2 FuA |Fuller fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes------| 7,518 | 1.6 FuB |Fuller fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 104,020 | 22.8 GaA |Garner clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes------| 1,689 | 0.4 GwA |Gladewater clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 1,199 | 0.3 HaA |Hainesville loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 1,580 | 0.3 HeA |Herty loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes------| 1,488 | 0.3 HeB |Herty loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 11,738 | 2.6 KcD |Kellison loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes------| 3,627 | 0.8 KeB |Keltys fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 41,197 | 9.0 KeD |Keltys fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes------| 3,988 | 0.9 KiB |Kitterll fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes------| 247 | * KiD |Kitterll-Browndell complex,5 to 15 percent slopes------| 985 | 0.2 Kp |Koury silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 37,928 | 8.3 KuB |Kurth fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 40,990 | 9.0 KuD |Kurth fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes------| 7,112 | 1.6 LaB |Laska fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 3,629 | 0.8 LeB |Latex fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 2,209 | 0.5 LnB |Letney loamy sand, 1 to 5 percent slopes------| 1,832 | 0.4 LvC |Lovelady loamy fine sand, 1 to 5 percent slopes------| 11,161 | 2.4 LvD |Lovelady loamy fine sand, 5 to 8 percent slopes------| 3,903 | 0.9 MpA |Mollville-Besner complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 1,484 | 0.3 MsB |Moswell loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes------| 12,203 | 2.7 MsE |Moswell loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes------| 2,076 | 0.5 MxA |Moten-Multey complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 39,656 | 8.7 Oz |Ozias-Pophers complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 8,958 | 2.0 PeB |Penning very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 20,118 | 4.4 Po |Pophers silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 13,810 | 3.0 RbB |Rayburn fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes------| 1,265 | 0.3 RwB |Rosenwall fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes------| 6,905 | 1.5 RwD |Rosenwall fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes------| 8,118 | 1.8 SsA |Sawlit-Sawtown complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 683 | 0.1 StD |Stringtown fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes------| 1,349 | 0.3 TeD |Tehran loamy sand, 5 to 15 percent slopes------| 530 | 0.1 UrB |Urland fine sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes------| 77 | * W |Water areas greater than 40 acres in size------| 13,218 | 2.9 WnB |Woden fine sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes------| ______254 | * | Total------| 456,608 | 100.0 ______| | |

* Less than 0.1 percent. Trinity County, Texas 171

Table 5.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture

(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. They are for nonirrigated areas. Absence of a yield indicates that the soil is not suited to the crop or the crop generally is not grown on the soil.)

______Map symbol | Land | Bahiagrass | Common | Improved ______and soil name | capability | |bermudagrass|bermudagrass | | ___AUM* | ___AUM* | ___AUM* | | | | AaB: | | | | Alazan------| 2w | 6.00 | 5.00 | 7.00 | | | | AbA: | | | | Alazan------| 2w | 6.00 | 5.00 | 7.00 | | | | Besner------| 2e | 7.00 | --- | 9.00 | | | | AnB: | | | | Annona------| 3e | 5.00 | --- | 5.00 | | | | AuB: | | | | Austonio------| 3e | 8.00 | 7.00 | 9.00 | | | | AuD: | | | | Austonio------| 6e | 6.00 | 5.00 | 7.00 | | | | BeA: | | | | Besner------| 2e | 7.00 | --- | 9.00 | | | | CaA: | | | | Colita------| 3w | 6.00 | 4.50 | 5.50 | | | | CaB: | | | | Colita------| 3w | 6.00 | 4.50 | 5.50 | | | | ClA: | | | | Colita------| 3w | 6.00 | 4.50 | 5.50 | | | | Laska------| 2w | 7.00 | 7.00 | 9.00 | | | | CoB: | | | | Corrigan------| 4e | 4.50 | 4.00 | --- | | | | CoD: | | | | Corrigan------| 4e | 4.50 | 4.00 | --- | | | | EaA: | | | | Eastham------| 2e | --- | --- | 6.00 | | | | EaB: | | | | Eastham------| 3e | --- | --- | 6.00 | | | | EtB: | | | | Etoile------| 4e | 5.00 | --- | 5.00 | | | | FuA: | | | | Fuller------| 3w | 9.00 | 3.00 | 4.00 | | | | FuB: | | | | Fuller------| 3e | 9.00 | 3.00 | 4.00 | | | | GaA: | | | | Garner------| 3w | 5.00 | --- | 6.00 | | | | GwA: | | | | Gladewater------| 5w | --- | 2.00 | 2.00 | | | |

See footnote at end of table. 172 Soil Survey

Table 5.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ______Map symbol | Land | Bahiagrass | Common | Improved ______and soil name | capability | |bermudagrass|bermudagrass | | ___AUM* | ___AUM* | ___AUM* | | | | HaA: | | | | Hainesville------| 3s | --- | --- | 7.50 | | | | HeA: | | | | Herty------| 3w | 5.00 | 4.00 | 5.00 | | | | HeB: | | | | Herty------| 3e | 5.00 | 4.00 | 5.00 | | | | KcD: | | | | Kellison------| 6e | 2.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | | | | KeB: | | | | Keltys------| 2e | 9.00 | 7.00 | 10.00 | | | | KeD: | | | | Keltys------| 4e | 6.00 | 6.00 | 9.00 | | | | KiB: | | | | Kitterll------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | | | | KiD: | | | | Kitterll------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | | | | Browndell------| 6e | --- | --- | 4.00 | | | | Kp: | | | | Koury------| 5w | 9.00 | 7.00 | 10.00 | | | | KuB: | | | | Kurth------| 2e | 9.00 | 6.00 | 10.00 | | | | KuD: | | | | Kurth------| 4e | 9.00 | 6.00 | 10.00 | | | | LaB: | | | | Laska------| 2w | 7.00 | 7.00 | 9.00 | | | | LeB: | | | | Latex------| 2e | 8.00 | 7.00 | 10.00 | | | | LnB: | | | | Letney------| 3s | 6.50 | --- | 6.00 | | | | LvC: | | | | Lovelady------| 2e | 5.00 | 4.00 | 5.00 | | | | LvD: | | | | Lovelady------| 4e | 4.00 | 3.00 | 4.00 | | | | MpA: | | | | Mollville------| 4w | 4.00 | 4.00 | --- | | | | Besner------| 2e | 7.00 | --- | 9.00 | | | | MsB: | | | | Moswell------| 4e | --- | 4.00 | 5.00 | | | | MsE: | | | | Moswell------| 6e | --- | 3.00 | 4.00 | | | |

See footnote at end of table. Trinity County, Texas 173

Table 5.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ______Map symbol | Land | Bahiagrass | Common | Improved ______and soil name | capability | |bermudagrass|bermudagrass | | ___AUM* | ___AUM* | ___AUM* | | | | MxA: | | | | Moten------| 2w | 4.00 | 4.00 | 5.00 | | | | Multey------| 2s | 7.00 | 7.00 | 8.00 | | | | Oz: | | | | Ozias------| 5w | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | | | | Pophers------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | | | | PeB: | | | | Penning------| 2w | 6.00 | --- | 7.00 | | | | Po: | | | | Pophers------| 5w | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | | | | RbB: | | | | Rayburn------| 4e | --- | --- | 5.00 | | | | RwB: | | | | Rosenwall------| 4e | --- | 4.00 | 5.00 | | | | RwD: | | | | Rosenwall------| 6e | --- | 4.00 | 4.00 | | | | SsA: | | | | Sawlit------| 2w | 6.00 | 5.00 | 7.00 | | | | Sawtown------| 2e | 7.00 | 6.00 | 9.00 | | | | StD: | | | | Stringtown------| 6e | 6.00 | 5.00 | 7.00 | | | | TeD: | | | | Tehran------| 6e | 5.00 | --- | 5.00 | | | | UrB: | | | | Urland------| 3e | 8.00 | 6.00 | 10.00 | | | | W. | | | | Water | | | | | | | | WnB: | | | | Woden------| 2e | 7.00 | --- | 9.00 ______| | | |

* Animal-unit month: The amount of forage or feed required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse, one mule, five sheep, or five goats) for 30 days. 174 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Forest Productivity

(Only the soils suitable for production of commercial trees are listed. Absence of an entry indicates that information was not available.)

______| ______Potential productivity | Map symbol and | |Site | Volume | soil name | Common trees |index|of wood | Trees to manage ______| | | fiber | | | |cu ______ft/ac| | | | | AaB: | | | | Alazan------|loblolly pine------| 95 | 143 |loblolly pine, |shortleaf pine------| --- | --- | slash pine, |southern red oak----| --- | --- | sweetgum |sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | AbA: | | | | Alazan------|loblolly pine------| 95 | 143 |loblolly pine, |shortleaf pine------| --- | --- | slash pine, |southern red oak----| --- | --- | sweetgum |sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | Besner------|loblolly pine------| 93 | 143 |loblolly pine, |shortleaf pine------| 85 | 143 | slash pine, |southern red oak----| --- | --- | sweetgum |sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | AnB: | | | | Annona------|loblolly pine------| 78 | 114 |loblolly pine |shortleaf pine------| 70 | 114 | | | | | AuB: | | | | Austonio------|loblolly pine------| 88 | 129 |loblolly pine |shortleaf pine------| 84 | 143 | |southern red oak----| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | AuD: | | | | Austonio------|loblolly pine------| 88 | 129 |loblolly pine | | | | BeA: | | | | Besner------|loblolly pine------| 93 | 143 |loblolly pine, |shortleaf pine------| 85 | 143 | slash pine, |southern red oak----| --- | --- | sweetgum |sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | CaA, CaB: | | | | Colita------|loblolly pine------| 79 | 114 |loblolly pine, |longleaf pine------| 82 | 100 | slash pine |southern red oak----| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | ClA: | | | | Colita------|loblolly pine------| 79 | 114 |loblolly pine, |longleaf pine------| 82 | 100 | slash pine |southern red oak----| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | Laska------|loblolly pine------| 90 | 129 |loblolly pine, |shortleaf pine------| 80 | 129 | slash pine |slash pine------| 90 | 157 | | | | | CoB, CoD: | | | | Corrigan------|loblolly pine------| 84 | 114 |loblolly pine, |longleaf pine------| 80 | 100 | longleaf pine, |shortleaf pine------| 70 | 114 | shortleaf pine | | | | EaA: | | | | Eastham------|water oak------| 77 | 72 |water oak |willow oak------| 77 | 72 | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 175

Table 6.--Forest Productivity--Continued ______| ______Potential productivity | Map symbol and | |Site | Volume | soil name | Common trees |index|of wood | Trees to manage ______| | | fiber | | | |cu ______ft/ac| | | | | EaB: | | | | Eastham------|water oak------| 70 | 57 |pecan | | | | EtB: | | | | Etoile------|loblolly pine------| 77 | 100 |loblolly pine |shortleaf pine------| 66 | 100 | | | | | FuA, FuB: | | | | Fuller------|loblolly pine------| 84 | 114 |loblolly pine, |shortleaf pine------| 73 | 114 | slash pine, water |sweetgum------| 84 | 86 | oak | | | | GaA: | | | | Garner------|loblolly pine------| 80 | 114 |loblolly pine |shortleaf pine------| --- | --- | |southern red oak----| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| --- | --- | |willow oak------| --- | --- | | | | | GwA: | | | | Gladewater------|water oak------| 85 | 86 |water oak |willow oak------| 85 | 86 | | | | | HaA: | | | | Hainesville------|loblolly pine------| 96 | 143 |loblolly pine, |shortleaf pine------| 88 | 143 | shortleaf pine | | | | HeA, HeB: | | | | Herty------|loblolly pine------| 80 | 114 |loblolly pine, |post oak------| --- | --- | slash pine |shortleaf pine------| 70 | 114 | |southern red oak----| 70 | 57 | |water oak------| 80 | 72 | | | | | KcD: | | | | Kellison------|loblolly pine------| 75 | 100 |loblolly pine |post oak------| --- | --- | |shortleaf pine------| 65 | 100 | |southern red oak----| 65 | 43 | |water oak------| 75 | 72 | | | | | KeB: | | | | Keltys------|loblolly pine------| 85 | 114 |loblolly pine |shortleaf pine------| 76 | 114 | |southern red oak----| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | KeD: | | | | Keltys------|loblolly pine------| 85 | 114 | --- |shortleaf pine------| 76 | 114 | | | | | KiD: | | | | Kitterll. | | | | | | | | Browndell------|loblolly pine------| 60 | 72 |loblolly pine, |longleaf pine------| 50 | 29 | longleaf pine, |shortleaf pine------| 50 | 72 | shortleaf pine | | | | Kp: | | | | Koury------|loblolly pine------| 108 | 172 |loblolly pine, |sweetgum------| 100 | 143 | slash pine, |water oak------| 90 | 86 | sweetgum, water | | | | oak | | | | 176 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Forest Productivity--Continued ______| ______Potential productivity | Map symbol and | |Site | Volume | soil name | Common trees |index|of wood | Trees to manage ______| | | fiber | | | |cu ______ft/ac| | | | | KuB, KuD: | | | | Kurth------|loblolly pine------| 90 | 129 |loblolly pine, |shortleaf pine------| 80 | 129 | sweetgum, water |southern red oak----| 80 | 57 | oak |sweetgum------| 90 | 100 | |water oak------| 80 | 72 | | | | | LaB: | | | | Laska------|loblolly pine------| 90 | 129 |loblolly pine, |shortleaf pine------| 80 | 129 | slash pine |slash pine------| 90 | 157 | | | | | LeB: | | | | Latex------|hickory------| --- | --- |loblolly pine |loblolly pine------| 91 | 129 | |shortleaf pine------| 86 | 143 | |slash pine------| 100 | 186 | |southern red oak----| 95 | 72 | |sweetgum------| 95 | 114 | | | | | LnB: | | | | Letney------|loblolly pine------| 86 | 129 |loblolly pine, |longleaf pine------| 81 | 100 | slash pine |shortleaf pine------| --- | --- | | | | | LvC, LvD: | | | | Lovelady------|loblolly pine------| 95 | 143 |loblolly pine, |shortleaf pine------| 80 | 129 | shortleaf pine, |southern red oak----| 80 | 57 | slash pine, |sweetgum------| 90 | 100 | sweetgum | | | | MpA: | | | | Mollville------|loblolly pine------| 82 | 114 |loblolly pine, |sweetgum------| 80 | 86 | sweetgum, water |water oak------| 80 | 72 | oak |willow oak------| 80 | 72 | | | | | Besner------|loblolly pine------| 93 | 143 |loblolly pine, |shortleaf pine------| 85 | 143 | slash pine, |southern red oak----| --- | --- | sweetgum |sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | MsB: | | | | Moswell------|loblolly pine------| 84 | 114 |loblolly pine |shortleaf pine------| 76 | 114 | |southern red oak----| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | MsE: | | | | Moswell------|loblolly pine------| 80 | 114 | --- |shortleaf pine------| 75 | 114 | | | | | MxA: | | | | Moten------|loblolly pine------| 88 | 129 |loblolly pine |shortleaf pine------| 70 | 114 | |water oak------| 80 | 72 | | | | | Multey------|loblolly pine------| 86 | 129 |loblolly pine |southern red oak----| 80 | 57 | |sweetgum------| 90 | 100 | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 177

Table 6.--Forest Productivity--Continued ______| ______Potential productivity | Map symbol and | |Site | Volume | soil name | Common trees |index|of wood | Trees to manage ______| | | fiber | | | |cu ______ft/ac| | | | | Oz: | | | | Ozias------|green ash------| --- | --- |green ash, green |overcup oak------| --- | --- | ash, green ash |sweetgum------| 102 | 143 | |water oak------| 100 | 100 | |willow oak------| 100 | 100 | |winged elm------| --- | --- | | | | | Pophers------|green ash------| --- | --- |green ash, |sugarberry------| --- | --- | sweetgum, water |water oak------| 107 | 100 | oak | | | | PeB: | | | | Penning------|loblolly pine------| 88 | 129 |loblolly pine |shortleaf pine------| 81 | 129 | |sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | Po: | | | | Pophers------|green ash------| --- | --- |green ash, |sugarberry------| --- | --- | sweetgum, water |water oak------| 107 | 100 | oak | | | | RbB: | | | | Rayburn------|loblolly pine------| 87 | 129 |loblolly pine, |longleaf pine------| 74 | 86 | slash pine |shortleaf pine------| --- | --- | | | | | RwB, RwD: | | | | Rosenwall------|loblolly pine------| 76 | 100 |loblolly pine, |shortleaf pine------| 68 | 100 | slash pine | | | | SsA: | | | | Sawlit------|loblolly pine------| 90 | 129 |loblolly pine |shortleaf pine------| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | Sawtown------|loblolly pine------| 80 | 129 |loblolly pine, |shortleaf pine------| 90 | 129 | slash pine | | | | StD: | | | | Stringtown------|loblolly pine------| 81 | 114 |loblolly pine, |longleaf pine------| 73 | 86 | slash pine |southern red oak----| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | TeD: | | | | Tehran------|loblolly pine------| 83 | 114 |loblolly pine, |longleaf pine------| --- | --- | slash pine |shortleaf pine------| --- | --- | | | | | UrB: | | | | Urland------|loblolly pine------| 86 | 129 |loblolly pine, |shortleaf pine------| 79 | 129 | slash pine | | | | WnB: | | | | Woden------|loblolly pine------| 95 | 143 |loblolly pine, |shortleaf pine------| 87 | 143 | slash pine |southern red oak----| --- | --- | |sweetgum------| --- | --- | ______| | | | 178 Soil Survey The numbers in the value columns range from on roads and trails | (natural surface) Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 Slope/erodibility|0.62 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Wetness |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Wetness |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | imiting features | |limiting features| | | | ight | |Moderately suited| | | ight | |Moderately suited| | ight | |Moderately suited| | | ight | |Moderately suited| | | ight | |Moderately suited| | | derate | |Moderately suited| | | ight | |Moderately suited| | | ight | |Moderately suited| | | ight | |Moderately suited| | ight | |Well suited | | ______ating class and |Value|Rating |Value ______e.) Table 7a.--Forestland Management (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate need for onsite investigation. 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, greater limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in this tabl ______and soil name |map | log landings | Limitations affecting |Pct | construction of Suitability for Soil rutting Hazard off-road Map symbol | of haul roads and log landings hazard or off-trail erosion ______|unit| Rating class and |Value| |Value|Rating R | limiting features| |limiting features l | ______| AaB: | Alazan------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 |1.00 AbA: | Alazan------| 60 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 |1.00 Besner------| 30 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 |1.00 AnB: | Annona------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 |1.00 AuB: | Austonio------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 |1.00 AuD: | Austonio------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Mo | Strength |0.50 Slope |1.00 BeA: | Besner------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 |1.00 CaA, CaB: | Colita------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 Wetness |1.00 ClA: | Colita------| 45 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 Wetness |1.00 Laska------| 35 |Slight | |Well suited |Moderate |Sl | Strength |0.50 | | | | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | Strength |0.50 | | Strength |0.50 | Trinity County, Texas 179 on roads and trails | (natural surface) Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads Slope/erodibility|0.33 | Wetness |1.00 | Strength |0.50 Slope/erodibility|0.89 | Wetness |1.00 | Strength |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Stickiness |0.50 Slope/erodibility|0.44 | Strength |0.50 | Stickiness |0.50 Slope/erodibility|0.33 | Strength |0.50 | Wetness |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |0.50 | Stickiness |0.50 | | imiting features | |limiting features| | | | derate | |Poorly suited | | derate | |Poorly suited | | ight | |Moderately suited| | | derate | |Moderately suited| | | derate | |Moderately suited| | | ight | |Moderately suited| | | ight | |Moderately suited| | | | ight | |Poorly suited | ______ating class and |Value|Rating |Value ______Table 7a.--Forestland Management--Continued | Limitations affecting |Pct | construction of Suitability for Soil rutting Hazard off-road Map symbol | of haul roads and log landings hazard or off-trail erosion ______and soil name |map | log landings ______|unit| Rating class and |Value| |Value|Rating R | limiting features| |limiting features l | ______| CoB: | Corrigan------|100 |Moderate | |Poorly suited |Severe |Slight |Mo | Stickiness/slope|0.50 Wetness |1.00 Strength CoD: | Corrigan------|100 |Moderate | |Poorly suited |Severe |Slight |Mo | Strength |0.50 Wetness |1.00 EaA: | Eastham------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 |1.00 EaB: | Eastham------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Mo | Stickiness/slope|0.50 Strength |0.50 |1.00 EtB: | Etoile------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Mo | Strength |0.50 |1.00 FuA, FuB: | Fuller------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 Wetness |1.00 GaA: | Garner------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Stickiness/slope|0.50 Strength |0.50 |1.00 | GwA: | Gladewater------|100 |Severe | |Poorly suited |Slight |Sl | Flooding |1.00 Strength | Strength |0.50 | | Strength |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | | Stickiness/slope|0.50 Stickiness |0.50 | | Strength |0.50 Stickiness | | | Strength |0.50 | | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Stickiness/slope|0.50 Stickiness |0.50 | 180 Soil Survey on roads and trails | (natural surface) Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads | Wetness |1.00 | Strength |0.50 Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 Slope/erodibility|0.78 | Strength |0.50 | Slope |0.50 Slope/erodibility|0.33 | Strength |0.50 Slope/erodibility|0.33 | Strength |0.50 Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Wetness |1.00 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |0.50 | | imiting features | |limiting features| | | | ight | |Well suited | | | ight | |Poorly suited | | vere | |Moderately suited| | | ight | |Moderately suited| | | derate | |Moderately suited| | | derate | |Moderately suited| | | derate | |Moderately suited| | vere | |Poorly suited | | ight | |Poorly suited | ______ating class and |Value|Rating |Value ______Table 7a.--Forestland Management--Continued | Limitations affecting |Pct | construction of Suitability for Soil rutting Hazard off-road Map symbol | of haul roads and log landings hazard or off-trail erosion ______and soil name |map | log landings ______|unit| Rating class and |Value| |Value|Rating R | limiting features| |limiting features l | ______| HaA: | Hainesville------| 90 |Slight | |Well suited |Moderate |Sl | Strength |0.50 | HeA, HeB: | Herty------| 90 |Moderate | |Poorly suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 Wetness |1.00 KcD: | Kellison------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Se | Strength |0.50 Slope |1.00 Slope/erodibility|0.24 KeB: | Keltys------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 |1.00 KeD: | Keltys------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Mo | Strength |0.50 |1.00 KiB: | Kitterll------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Mo | Strength |0.50 |1.00 KiD: | Kitterll------| 50 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Mo | Strength |0.50 |1.00 Browndell------| 40 |Moderate | |Poorly suited |Severe |Se | Stickiness/slope|0.50 Wetness |1.00 Strength Slope/erodibility|0.24 Kp: | Koury------| 90 |Severe | |Poorly suited |Slight |Sl | Flooding |1.00 Strength | Strength |0.50 | | Strength |0.50 | | | Slope |0.50 | | | | Strength |0.50 Slope | Strength |0.50 | | Strength |0.50 | Trinity County, Texas 181 on roads and trails | (natural surface) Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads Slope/erodibility|0.78 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 Slope/erodibility|0.44 | Slope |0.50 | Ponding |1.00 | Wetness |1.00 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 Slope/erodibility|0.33 | Strength |0.50 | | imiting features | |limiting features| | | | ight | |Well suited | | | derate | |Moderately suited| | | ight | |Well suited | | | ight | |Moderately suited| | | ight | |Well suited | | | ight | |Well suited | | | derate | |Moderately suited| | | ight | |Poorly suited | ight | |Moderately suited| | | derate | |Moderately suited| | ______ating class and |Value|Rating |Value ______Table 7a.--Forestland Management--Continued | Limitations affecting |Pct | construction of Suitability for Soil rutting Hazard off-road Map symbol | of haul roads and log landings hazard or off-trail erosion ______and soil name |map | log landings ______|unit| Rating class and |Value| |Value|Rating R | limiting features| |limiting features l | ______| KuB: | Kurth------| 90 |Slight | |Well suited |Moderate |Sl | Strength |0.50 | KuD: | Kurth------| 90 |Slight | |Moderately suited |Moderate |Mo | Slope |0.50 Strength LaB: | Laska------| 90 |Slight | |Well suited |Moderate |Sl | Strength |0.50 | LeB: | Latex------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 |1.00 LnB: | Letney------| 90 |Slight | |Well suited |Moderate |Sl | Strength |0.50 | LvC: | Lovelady------| 90 |Slight | |Well suited |Moderate |Sl | Strength |0.50 | LvD: | Lovelady------| 90 |Slight | |Moderately suited |Moderate |Mo | Slope |0.50 Strength MpA: | Mollville------| 45 |Moderate | |Poorly suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 Ponding |1.00 Besner------| 40 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 |1.00 MsB: | Moswell------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Mo | Strength |0.50 |1.00 | | | | Wetness |1.00 | Strength |0.50 | | | 182 Soil Survey on roads and trails | (natural surface) Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Wetness |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Flooding |1.00 | Wetness |1.00 | Strength |0.50 | Stickiness |0.50 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |0.50 | Wetness |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Flooding |1.00 | Strength |0.50 | Wetness |0.50 Slope/erodibility|0.33 | Strength |0.50 Slope/erodibility|0.33 | Strength |0.50 | | imiting features | |limiting features| | | | vere | |Moderately suited| | | ight | |Moderately suited| | ight | |Moderately suited| | | ight | |Poorly suited | ight | |Poorly suited | | ight | |Moderately suited| | | ight | |Poorly suited | | derate | |Moderately suited| | | | derate | |Moderately suited| | ______ating class and |Value|Rating |Value ______Table 7a.--Forestland Management--Continued | Limitations affecting |Pct | construction of Suitability for Soil rutting Hazard off-road Map symbol | of haul roads and log landings hazard or off-trail erosion ______and soil name |map | log landings ______|unit| Rating class and |Value| |Value|Rating R | limiting features| |limiting features l | ______| MsE: | Moswell------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Se | Stickiness/slope|0.50 Slope |0.50 Strength |1.00 Slope/erodibility|0.24 MxA: | Moten------| 50 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 |1.00 Multey------| 40 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 |1.00 Oz: | Ozias------| 55 |Severe | |Poorly suited |Slight |Sl | Flooding |1.00 Strength Pophers------| 35 |Severe | |Poorly suited |Slight |Sl | Flooding |1.00 Strength PeB: | Penning------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 |1.00 Po: | Pophers------| 90 |Severe | |Poorly suited |Slight |Sl | Flooding |1.00 Strength RbB: | Rayburn------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Mo | Strength |0.50 |1.00 | RwB: | Rosenwall------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Mo | Strength |0.50 |1.00 | Strength |0.50 | | Wetness |0.50 | | | Strength |0.50 Wetness |1.00 | Stickiness/slope|0.50 Strength |0.50 | Stickiness |0.50 | | Strength |0.50 | Wetness |0.50 | | | Strength |0.50 | Wetness |0.50 | | Stickiness/slope|0.50 | Trinity County, Texas 183 on roads and trails | (natural surface) Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | Strength |0.50 Slope/erodibility|1.00 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 Slope/erodibility|0.62 | Slope |0.50 | Strength |0.50 | | imiting features | |limiting features| | | | vere | |Moderately suited| | | ight | |Moderately suited| | ight | |Moderately suited| | | vere | |Moderately suited| | | derate | |Moderately suited| | | derate | |Well suited Slope/erodibility|0.33 | | | | | | ight | |Moderately suited| | ______ating class and |Value|Rating |Value ______Table 7a.--Forestland Management--Continued | Limitations affecting |Pct | construction of Suitability for Soil rutting Hazard off-road Map symbol | of haul roads and log landings hazard or off-trail erosion ______and soil name |map | log landings ______|unit| Rating class and |Value| |Value|Rating R | limiting features| |limiting features l | ______| RwD: | Rosenwall------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Se | Stickiness/slope|0.50 Slope |0.50 Strength |1.00 Slope/erodibility|0.24 SsA: | Sawlit------| 45 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 |1.00 Sawtown------| 40 |Slight | |Moderately suited |Severe |Sl | Strength |0.50 |1.00 StD: | Stringtown------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Se | Strength |0.50 Slope |1.00 TeD: | Tehran------| 90 |Slight | |Moderately suited |Moderate |Mo | Slope |0.50 Strength UrB: | Urland------|100 |Moderate | |Well suited |Slight |Mo | Strength |0.50 | W. | Water | | WnB: | Woden------| 90 |Moderate | |Moderately suited |Severe |Slight |Sl | Strength |0.50 |1.00 ______| Strength |0.50 | | | | Strength |0.50 | | | 184 Soil Survey ______site |seedling mortality ______Value|and limiting|Value ______n of ratings in this for | Potential | Wetness |1.00 | Wetness |1.00 The numbers in the |Rating class| | features | | | |Low | | | | |Low | | | |Low | | | | |Low | | | | |Low | | | | |Low | | | | |Low | | | | |High | | | |High | | |Low | | | | deep)| Table 7b.--Forestland Management | | value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, greater limitation. See text for further explanatio |Pct | Suitability for |Suitability use of | of hand planting mechanical harvesting equipment site Map symbol |map | |preparation (surface)|preparation ( ______and soil name |unit| Rating class | |Rating class| | and limiting |Value| |Value|and limiting| | features ______| | AaB: | Alazan------| 90 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 | AbA: | Alazan------| 60 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 | Besner------| 30 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 | AnB: | Annona------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Stickiness |0.75 Strength |0.50 | AuB: | Austonio-----| 90 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 | AuD: | Austonio-----| 90 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Slope |0.50 Strength | BeA: | Besner------| 90 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 | CaA, CaB: | Colita------| 90 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 ClA: | Colita------| 45 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 Laska------| 35 |Poorly suited | |Well | Restrictive |0.75 | layer | (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate need for onsite investigation. table.) ______Trinity County, Texas 185 ______site |seedling mortality ______Value|and limiting|Value ______for | Potential | Wetness |1.00 | Wetness |1.00 | Soil |0.50 | Wetness |1.00 | Wetness |1.00 |Rating class| | features | | | |High | | | |High | | | |Low | | | | | |Moderate | | reaction | | |Low | | | | | | |High | | | | |Low | | | | |High | | | | |Low | | deep)| Table 7b.--Forestland Management--Continued | | | Stickiness |0.50 | layer | Stickiness |0.50 ______|Pct | Suitability for |Suitability use of | of hand planting mechanical harvesting equipment site Map symbol |map | |preparation (surface)|preparation ( ______and soil name |unit| Rating class | |Rating class| | and limiting |Value| |Value|and limiting| | features ______| | CoB: | Corrigan-----|100 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Stickiness |0.75 Strength |0.50 CoD: | Corrigan-----|100 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Slope |0.50 Strength EaA: | Eastham------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Stickiness |0.75 Strength |0.50 | Stickiness |0.50 | EaB: | Eastham------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Stickiness |0.75 Strength |0.50 | EtB: | Etoile------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Stickiness |0.75 Strength |0.50 | Restrictive |0.75 | layer | FuA, FuB: | Fuller------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Well |Moderately suited| | Restrictive |0.75 Strength |0.50 | GaA: | Garner------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Stickiness |0.75 Strength |0.50 | GwA: | Gladewater---|100 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Stickiness |0.75 Strength |0.50 | HaA: | Hainesville--| 90 |Well suited | | 186 Soil Survey ______site |seedling mortality ______Value|and limiting|Value ______for | Potential | Wetness |1.00 | Salinity |0.50 | Wetness |1.00 | Soil |0.50 |Rating class| | features | | | |High | | | | | |Moderate | | | | | |Low | | | | | |Low | | | | | |Low | | | | |Low | | | | |High | | | | | |Moderate | | reaction | | |Low | | | | deep)| Table 7b.--Forestland Management--Continued | layer | layer Slope |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | ______|Pct | Suitability for |Suitability use of | of hand planting mechanical harvesting equipment site Map symbol |map | |preparation (surface)|preparation ( ______and soil name |unit| Rating class | |Rating class| | and limiting |Value| |Value|and limiting| | features ______| | HeA, HeB: | Herty------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Restrictive |0.75 Stickiness |0.50 Strength | Stickiness |0.50 | KcD: | Kellison-----| 90 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Restrictive |0.75 Stickiness |0.50 Strength | Stickiness |0.50 | KeB: | Keltys------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Well |Moderately suited| | Restrictive |0.75 Strength |0.50 | layer | KeD: | Keltys------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Restrictive |0.75 Slope |0.50 Strength | layer | KiB: | Kitterll-----| 90 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 | KiD: | Kitterll-----| 50 |Moderately suited| |Well suited | | Restrictive |0.50 Strength | layer | Browndell----| 40 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Stickiness |0.75 Strength |0.50 | Rock fragments |0.50 | Kp: | Koury------| 90 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 | KuB: | Kurth------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Well | Restrictive |0.75 | layer | Trinity County, Texas 187 ______site |seedling mortality ______Value|and limiting|Value ______for | Potential | Wetness |1.00 |Rating class| | features | | | |Low | | | | | |Low | | | | | |Low | | | | |Low | | | |Low | | | |Low | | | | |High | | |Low | | | | |Low | | | | | | |Low | | | | | deep)| Table 7b.--Forestland Management--Continued | ______|Pct | Suitability for |Suitability use of | of hand planting mechanical harvesting equipment site Map symbol |map | |preparation (surface)|preparation ( ______and soil name |unit| Rating class | |Rating class| | and limiting |Value| |Value|and limiting| | features ______| | KuD: | Kurth------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Restrictive |0.75 Slope |0.50 | layer | LaB: | Laska------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Well | Restrictive |0.75 | layer | LeB: | Latex------| 90 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 | LnB: | Letney------| 90 |Well suited | | LvC: | Lovelady-----| 90 |Well suited | | LvD: | Lovelady-----| 90 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Slope |0.50 | MpA: | Mollville----| 45 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 Besner------| 40 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 | MsB: | Moswell------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Stickiness |0.75 Strength |0.50 | Restrictive |0.75 | layer | MsE: | Moswell------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Stickiness |0.75 Strength |0.50 | Restrictive |0.75 Slope |0.50 | layer | 188 Soil Survey ______site |seedling mortality ______Value|and limiting|Value ______for | Potential | Wetness |1.00 | Salinity |0.50 | Soil |0.50 | Wetness |1.00 | Wetness |1.00 |Rating class| | features | | | |Low | | | |Low | | | | |High | | reaction | |High | | | |Low | | | | | |High | | | |Low | | | | |Low | | | | |Low | | | | | |Low | | | |Low | | | deep)| Table 7b.--Forestland Management--Continued | Stickiness |0.50 | | | | ______|Pct | Suitability for |Suitability use of | of hand planting mechanical harvesting equipment site Map symbol |map | |preparation (surface)|preparation ( ______and soil name |unit| Rating class | |Rating class| | and limiting |Value| |Value|and limiting| | features ______| | MxA: | Moten------| 50 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 | Multey------| 40 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 | Oz: | Ozias------| 55 |Moderately suited| |Poorly suited | |Well | Stickiness |0.50 Strength | Pophers------| 35 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 PeB: | Penning------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Well |Moderately suited| | Restrictive |0.75 Strength |0.50 | layer | Po: | Pophers------| 90 |Moderately suited| |Well suited | | Stickiness |0.50 Strength RbB: | Rayburn------| 90 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Stickiness |0.75 Strength |0.50 | RwB: | Rosenwall----| 90 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Stickiness |0.75 Strength |0.50 | RwD: | Rosenwall----| 90 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Stickiness |0.75 Strength |0.50 | Slope |0.50 | SsA: | Sawlit------| 45 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 | Sawtown------| 40 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 | Trinity County, Texas 189 ______site |seedling mortality ______Value|and limiting|Value ______for | Potential |Rating class| | features | | | |Low | | | | |Low | | | | |Low | | | | | | | | | |Low | | | deep)| Table 7b.--Forestland Management--Continued ______|Pct | Suitability for |Suitability use of | of hand planting mechanical harvesting equipment site Map symbol |map | |preparation (surface)|preparation ( ______and soil name |unit| Rating class | |Rating class| | and limiting |Value| |Value|and limiting| | features ______| | StD: | Stringtown---| 90 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Slope |0.50 Strength | TeD: | Tehran------| 90 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Slope |0.50 | UrB: | Urland------|100 |Poorly suited | |Moderately suited| |Well | Restrictive |0.75 Stickiness |0.50 | layer | Stickiness |0.50 | W. | Water | | WnB: | Woden------| 90 |Well suited | |Moderately suited| | Strength |0.50 | ______190 Soil Survey The numbers in the value columns range from | Depth to |0.19 | Depth to |0.19 | Slope |0.16 pth to |0.86 | Depth |0.94 pth to |0.86 | Depth |0.94 Off-road | Golf fairways iting features| | limiting | | | limited | |Somewhat | saturated zone | | limited | |Somewhat | saturated zone | limited | |Not | | limited | |Not | | | | | limited | |Not | | | limited | |Somewhat | | limited | |Not | | | what limited | |Somewhat aturated zone | saturated | | what limited | |Somewhat aturated zone | saturated | ______ing class and |Value| Rating |Value ______motorcycle trails | e.) Table 8.--Recreation (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate need for onsite investigation. 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, greater limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in this tabl ______| saturated zone | saturated zone | | saturated zone s | saturated zone s |Pct | Camp areas Picnic Playgrounds Paths and trails Map symbol | of ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| limiting features| | lim ______| | AaB: | Alazan------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Not | Depth to |0.44 |0.19 | AbA: | Alazan------| 60 |Somewhat limited | |Not | Depth to |0.44 |0.19 | Besner------| 30 |Not limited | | AnB: | Annona------| 90 |Very limited | |Not | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | Slope |0.01 | AuB: | Austonio------| 90 |Not limited | |Somewhat | Slope |0.01 | AuD: | Austonio------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Not | Slope |0.16 |1.00 BeA: | Besner------| 90 |Not limited | |Somewhat | Slope |0.01 | CaA, CaB: | Colita------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat |Some | Depth to |1.00 |0.94 |0.86 De | ClA: | Colita------| 45 |Very limited | |Somewhat |Some | Depth to |1.00 |0.94 |0.86 De | Trinity County, Texas 191 | Depth to |0.03 pth to |1.00 | Depth | Depth to bedrock|0.42 pth to |1.00 | Depth | Depth to bedrock|0.01 | Slope |0.01 o clayey |1.00 | Too Off-road | Golf fairways iting features| | limiting | | | limited | |Somewhat | saturated zone | | limited | |Very aturated zone | saturated | | | | | limited | |Very aturated zone | saturated | | | | limited | |Very | | | | | limited | |Not | | | | | limited | |Not | | | | ______ing class and |Value| Rating |Value ______motorcycle trails | Table 8.--Recreation--Continued | saturated zone | saturated zone s | permeability | saturated zone s | permeability | Slope |0.01 |1.00 | permeability ______|Pct | Camp areas Picnic Playgrounds Paths and trails Map symbol | of ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| limiting features| | lim ______| | ClA: | Laska------| 35 |Somewhat limited | |Not | Depth to |0.08 |0.03 | CoB: | Corrigan------|100 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 De | Restricted |1.00 | Depth to bedrock|0.01 | Slope |0.13 | CoD: | Corrigan------|100 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 De | Restricted |1.00 | Depth to bedrock|0.01 | EaA: | Eastham------| 90 |Very limited | | Restricted |1.00 Too clayey To | Too clayey |1.00 | Slope |0.01 | EaB: | Eastham------| 90 |Very limited | |Not | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | Slope |0.05 | EtB: | Etoile------| 90 |Very limited | |Not | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | Slope |0.13 | 192 Soil Survey pth to |1.00 | Sodium content aturated zone | Depth to |1.00 pth to |1.00 | Sodium content aturated zone | Depth to |1.00 o clayey |1.00 | Too o clayey |1.00 | Too ooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 o sandy |0.08 | Droughty |0.69 pth to |1.00 | Depth Off-road | Golf fairways iting features| | limiting | | | limited | |Very | saturated zone | | | | limited | |Very | saturated zone | | | | | limited | |Very | | | | limited | |Very | | | | what limited | |Somewhat | | limited | |Very aturated zone | saturated | | | ______ing class and |Value| Rating |Value ______motorcycle trails | Table 8.--Recreation--Continued | permeability saturated zone s | Depth to |1.00 Sodium content | permeability saturated zone s | Depth to |1.00 Sodium content | permeability | Too clayey |1.00 Restricted Flooding |0.40 Fl | Restricted |1.00 permeability | | saturated zone s ______|Pct | Camp areas Picnic Playgrounds Paths and trails Map symbol | of ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| limiting features| | lim ______| | FuA: | Fuller------| 90 |Very limited | | Restricted |1.00 Depth to De | saturated zone Depth to |1.00 | Sodium content |1.00 saturated zone | FuB: | Fuller------| 90 |Very limited | | Restricted |1.00 Depth to De | saturated zone Depth to |1.00 | Sodium content |1.00 saturated zone | Slope |0.01 | GaA: | Garner------| 90 |Very limited | | Restricted |1.00 Too clayey To | Too clayey |1.00 | GwA: | Gladewater------|100 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 Too clayey To | permeability Flooding |0.40 | HaA: | Hainesville-----| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Some | Too sandy |0.08 To HeA: | Herty------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 De | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | Trinity County, Texas 193 pth to |1.00 | Depth | Slope |0.16 | Depth to bedrock|1.00 | Droughty |1.00 | Depth to bedrock|1.00 | Droughty |1.00 pth to |1.00 | Depth bedrock|1.00 aturated zone | Depth to |1.00 | Droughty |0.94 | Slope |0.16 | Content of large|0.03 Off-road | Golf fairways iting features| | limiting | | | limited | |Very aturated zone | saturated | | | | | limited | |Somewhat | | | | limited | |Not | | | | | limited | |Not | | | | | limited | |Very | | limited | |Very | limited | |Very | saturated zone | stones | | ______ing class and |Value| Rating |Value ______motorcycle trails | Table 8.--Recreation--Continued | saturated zone s | permeability | Slope |0.13 | | Slope |0.13 | | saturated zone permeability s | Restricted |1.00 Depth to | Depth to bedrock|1.00 | Slope |0.16 |1.00 | Content of large|0.03 ______|Pct | Camp areas Picnic Playgrounds Paths and trails Map symbol | of ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| limiting features| | lim ______| | HeB: | Herty------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 De | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | Slope |0.01 | KcD: | Kellison------| 90 |Very limited | |Not | Restricted |1.00 | Slope |0.16 |1.00 | KeB: | Keltys------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Not | Restricted |0.94 | permeability | Slope |0.01 | KeD: | Keltys------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Not | Restricted |0.94 Slope |1.00 | permeability Restricted |0.94 | permeability | KiB: | Kitterll------| 90 |Very limited | |Not | Depth to bedrock|1.00 KiD: | Kitterll------| 50 |Very limited | |Not | Depth to bedrock|1.00 Browndell------| 40 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 Restricted De | permeability saturated zone | stones | 194 Soil Survey ooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.03 o sandy |0.03 | Droughty |0.10 o sandy |0.03 | Droughty |0.29 Off-road | Golf fairways iting features| | limiting | | | what limited | |Very | | | | limited | |Not | | | | | limited | |Not | | | | | limited | |Somewhat | saturated zone | | | limited | |Not | | | what limited | |Not o sandy |0.28 | | | | what limited | |Somewhat | | | what limited | |Somewhat | | ______ing class and |Value| Rating |Value ______motorcycle trails | Table 8.--Recreation--Continued | Restricted |0.26 | saturated zone | Too sandy |0.03 | Too sandy |0.03 ______|Pct | Camp areas Picnic Playgrounds Paths and trails Map symbol | of ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| limiting features| | lim ______| | Kp: | Koury------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat |Some | Flooding |1.00 |0.40 Fl | permeability | KuB: | Kurth------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Not | Restricted |0.26 | permeability | Slope |0.01 | KuD: | Kurth------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Not | Restricted |0.26 Slope |1.00 | permeability Restricted |0.26 | permeability | LaB: | Laska------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Not | Depth to |0.08 |0.03 | Slope |0.01 | LeB: | Latex------| 90 |Not limited | |Somewhat | Slope |0.01 | LnB: | Letney------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Some | Too sandy |0.28 To | Slope |0.13 | LvC: | Lovelady------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Some | Too sandy |0.03 Slope |0.13 To | LvD: | Lovelady------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Some | Too sandy |0.03 Slope |1.00 To | Trinity County, Texas 195 pth to |1.00 | Ponding aturated zone | Depth to |1.00 | Slope |0.16 pth to |0.11 | Depth |0.48 pth to |1.00 | Flooding aturated zone | Depth to |1.00 ooding |0.40 | Too clayey |1.00 | Salinity |0.01 Off-road | Golf fairways iting features| | limiting | | | limited | |Very nding |1.00 | saturated zone | | | limited | |Not | | | limited | |Not | | | | | limited | |Somewhat | | | | what limited | |Somewhat aturated zone | saturated | | | limited | |Not | | limited | |Very o clayey |1.00 | saturated zone | | | ______ing class and |Value| Rating |Value ______motorcycle trails | Table 8.--Recreation--Continued | saturated zone Depth to |1.00 s | Ponding |1.00 saturated zone Po | permeability | saturated zone s | Restricted |1.00 permeability saturated zone s | permeability Depth to |1.00 Too clayey To | saturated zone Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 Flooding |0.40 ______|Pct | Camp areas Picnic Playgrounds Paths and trails Map symbol | of ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| limiting features| | lim ______| | MpA: | Mollville------| 45 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 Ponding De | Restricted |0.94 | permeability | Besner------| 40 |Not limited | |Somewhat | Slope |0.01 | MsB: | Moswell------| 90 |Very limited | |Not | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | Slope |0.13 | MsE: | Moswell------| 90 |Very limited | |Not | Restricted |1.00 | Slope |0.16 |1.00 | MxA: | Moten------| 50 |Somewhat limited | |Some | Depth to |0.86 |0.48 |0.11 De | Restricted |0.26 | permeability | Multey------| 40 |Not limited | | Oz: | Ozias------| 55 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 Restricted Depth to De | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone Flooding |0.40 Fl | Salinity |0.01 | 196 Soil Survey pth to |0.44 | Flooding |1.00 aturated zone | Depth to |0.75 pth to |0.44 | Flooding |1.00 aturated zone | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to bedrock|0.90 | Droughty |0.66 | Depth to bedrock|0.65 | Droughty |0.35 | Slope |0.16 Off-road | Golf fairways iting features| | limiting | | | what limited | |Very ooding |0.40 | saturated zone | | | | limited | |Not | | what limited | |Very ooding |0.40 | saturated zone | | | | limited | |Not | | | | | limited | |Somewhat | | | | limited | |Somewhat | | | limited | |Not | | | limited | |Not | ______ing class and |Value| Rating |Value ______motorcycle trails | Table 8.--Recreation--Continued | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone s | saturated zone Flooding |0.40 Fl | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone s | saturated zone Flooding |0.40 Fl | permeability | Depth to bedrock|0.90 | permeability | Slope |0.16 |1.00 | Depth to bedrock|0.65 ______|Pct | Camp areas Picnic Playgrounds Paths and trails Map symbol | of ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| limiting features| | lim ______| | Oz: | Pophers------| 35 |Very limited | |Somewhat |Some | Flooding |1.00 Depth to |0.75 |0.44 De | Restricted |0.26 | permeability | PeB: | Penning------| 90 |Not limited | | Po: | Pophers------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat |Some | Flooding |1.00 Depth to |0.75 |0.44 De | Restricted |0.26 | permeability | RbB: | Rayburn------| 90 |Very limited | |Not | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | Slope |0.13 | RwB: | Rosenwall------| 90 |Very limited | |Not | Restricted |1.00 | Slope |0.13 | RwD: | Rosenwall------| 90 |Very limited | |Not | Restricted |1.00 | SsA: | Sawlit------| 45 |Very limited | |Not | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | Sawtown------| 40 |Not limited | | Trinity County, Texas 197 | Slope |0.16 o sandy |0.12 | Droughty |0.34 | Slope |0.16 Off-road | Golf fairways iting features| | limiting | | | limited | |Somewhat | | what limited | |Somewhat | | limited | |Not | | | | | | | | limited | |Not | | ______ing class and |Value| Rating |Value ______motorcycle trails | ______Table 8.--Recreation--Continued | | Too sandy |0.12 | ______|Pct | Camp areas Picnic Playgrounds Paths and trails Map symbol | of ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| limiting features| | lim ______| | StD: | Stringtown------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Not | Slope |0.16 |1.00 TeD: | Tehran------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Some | Slope |0.16 |1.00 Too sandy |0.12 To UrB: | Urland------|100 |Somewhat limited | |Not | Restricted |0.26 | permeability | Slope |0.13 | W. | Water | | WnB: | Woden------| 90 |Not limited | |Somewhat | Slope |0.13 | ______198 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

______|______Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland|Range- and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Shrubs |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild- | land | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous | |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life | wild- ______| crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | | areas | life | life | | life | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AaB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Alazan------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | AbA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Alazan------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | --- | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | AnB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Annona------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | AuB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Austonio------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | --- | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | AuD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Austonio------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | --- | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | BeA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | --- | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | CaA, CaB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Colita------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | ClA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Colita------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | Laska------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair | --- |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | CoB, CoD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Corrigan------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good | --- |Fair |Very |Fair |Good |Very | --- | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | EaA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Eastham------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Fair |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | EaB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Eastham------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Fair |Poor |Very |Fair |Fair |Poor | --- | | | | | | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EtB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Etoile------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | --- | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | FuA, FuB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Fuller------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | GaA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Garner------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair | | | | | | | | | | | | GwA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Gladewater------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- | --- |Poor |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | HaA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Hainesville------|Fair |Fair |Good |Poor |Poor | --- |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very | --- | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 199

Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat-Continued ______|______Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland|Range- and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Shrubs |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild- | land | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous | |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life | wild- ______| crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | | areas | life | life | | life | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HeA, HeB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Herty------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | KcD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Kellison------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Fair | --- |Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Poor | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | KeB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Keltys------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | KeD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Keltys------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | --- | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | KiB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Kitterll------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor | --- |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Very | --- | poor | poor | | | | | poor | poor | poor | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | KiD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Kitterll------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor | --- |Very |Very |Very |Poor |Very | --- | poor | poor | | | | | poor | poor | poor | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | Browndell------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Poor |Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | Kp: | | | | | | | | | | | | Koury------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair | --- |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | KuB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Kurth------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | KuD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Kurth------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | --- | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | LaB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Laska------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair | --- |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | LeB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Latex------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very |Good | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | LnB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Letney------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very | --- | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | LvC, LvD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Lovelady------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very | --- | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | MpA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Mollville------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | --- | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | MsB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Moswell------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | --- | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | MsE: | | | | | | | | | | | | Moswell------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Good |Fair |Very | --- | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | 200 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat-Continued ______|______Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland|Range- and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Shrubs |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild- | land | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous | |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life | wild- ______| crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | | areas | life | life | | life | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MxA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Moten------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | Multey------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very | --- | | | | | | | | | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | Oz: | | | | | | | | | | | | Ozias------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very | --- |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Good | --- | | | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pophers------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Poor | --- |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | PeB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Penning------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Fair | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | Po: | | | | | | | | | | | | Pophers------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Poor | --- |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | RbB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Rayburn------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | --- | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | RwB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Rosenwall------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Poor | --- | | | | | | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RwD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Rosenwall------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | --- | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | SsA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Sawlit------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | Sawtown------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | --- | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | StD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Stringtown------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | --- | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | TeD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Tehran------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very | --- | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Urland------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | --- | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor | | | | | | | | | | | | | W. | | | | | | | | | | | | Water | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WnB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Woden------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | --- ______| | | | | | | | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 201 pth to |0.53 pth to |0.53 o clayey |0.00 o acid |0.98 iting features | | | | | aturated zone | | | | | | | aturated zone | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | topsoil ______ing class and |Value ______source of sand or The ratings given otential source of range from Table 10.--Construction Materials |Pct | Potential source of P (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate need for onsite investigation. for the thickest layer are above and excluding bottom layer. The numbers in value columns 0.00 to 0.99. The greater the value, likelihood that bottom layer or thickest of soil is a gravel. See text for further explanation of ratings in this table.) ______Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| | limiting features lim ______| | AaB: | Alazan------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.54 Depth to |0.53 De | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.60 saturated zone s | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.60 saturated zone s | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.60 | Thickest layer |0.00 Bottom |0.09 Low content of |0.60 | organic matter | No water erosion |0.99 | limitation | AbA: | Alazan------| 60 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.54 Depth to |0.53 De | organic matter | No water erosion |0.99 | limitation | Besner------| 30 |Poor | |Fair |Good | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.68 | Thickest layer |0.00 |0.01 Low content of |0.88 | organic matter | AnB: | Annona------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Shrink-swell |0.12 To | organic matter | Too acid |0.68 | No water erosion |0.99 | limitation | AuB: | Austonio------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |Good | Bottom layer |0.00 Thickest Too acid |0.32 To | organic matter | 202 Soil Survey ope |0.84 o acid |0.98 pth to |0.04 o acid |0.98 pth to |0.04 o acid |0.98 pth to |0.04 o acid |0.98 pth to |0.76 o acid |0.76 iting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | aturated zone | | | | | | | aturated zone | | | | | | aturated zone | | | | | aturated zone | | topsoil ______ing class and |Value ______otential source of Table 10.--Construction Materials |Pct | Potential source of P ______Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| | limiting features lim ______| | AuD: | Austonio------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |Good | Bottom layer |0.00 Thickest Too acid |0.32 Sl | Thickest layer |0.00 Bottom |0.09 Low content of |0.60 To | organic matter | Low content of |0.75 saturated zone s | No water erosion |0.99 | Low content of |0.75 saturated zone s | No water erosion |0.99 | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.75 saturated zone s | No water erosion |0.99 | Thickest layer |0.00 |0.01 Low content of |0.68 saturated zone s | | BeA: | Besner------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |Good | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.68 | Thickest layer |0.00 |0.01 Low content of |0.88 | organic matter | CaA: | Colita------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 |Fair | Thickest layer |0.00 |0.02 Too acid |0.54 Depth to |0.04 De | organic matter Depth to bedrock |0.07 To | limitation | CaB: | Colita------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 |Fair | Thickest layer |0.00 |0.02 Too acid |0.54 Depth to |0.04 De | organic matter Depth to bedrock |0.39 To | limitation | ClA: | Colita------| 45 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.54 Depth to |0.04 De | organic matter Depth to bedrock |0.07 To | limitation | Laska------| 35 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.20 Depth to |0.76 De | organic matter Depth to bedrock |0.95 To Trinity County, Texas 203 o clayey |0.00 pth to |0.00 o acid |0.59 pth to bedrock |0.99 o clayey |0.00 pth to |0.00 o acid |0.59 pth to bedrock |0.99 o clayey |0.00 o clayey |0.00 o clayey |0.00 pth to |0.00 o acid |0.98 iting features | | | | | aturated zone | | | | | | aturated zone | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | aturated zone | | | topsoil ______ing class and |Value ______otential source of Table 10.--Construction Materials |Pct | Potential source of P ______Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| | limiting features lim ______| | CoB: | Corrigan------|100 |Poor | | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Depth to To | Thickest layer |0.00 Too acid |0.12 saturated zone De | Low content of |0.88 Depth to bedrock |0.00 s | Water erosion |0.90 De | Droughty |0.99 | Thickest layer |0.00 Too acid |0.12 saturated zone De | Droughty |0.86 Depth to bedrock |0.00 s | organic matter De | Water erosion |0.90 | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.60 | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.88 | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.68 Depth to bedrock |0.99 | Thickest layer |0.00 Water erosion |0.68 saturated zone s | Shrink-swell |0.84 | organic matter Shrink-swell |0.12 To | Depth to bedrock |0.99 | CoD: | Corrigan------|100 |Poor | | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Depth to To | Low content of |0.88 Shrink-swell |0.43 To | Depth to bedrock |0.99 | EaA: | Eastham------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Shrink-swell |0.12 To | organic matter | EaB: | Eastham------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Shrink-swell |0.12 To | organic matter | EtB: | Etoile------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Shrink-swell |0.12 To | organic matter | Too acid |0.74 | Water erosion |0.90 | FuA: | Fuller------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.54 Depth to De | Depth to bedrock |0.12 To | 204 Soil Survey pth to |0.00 o acid |0.98 o clayey |0.00 o clayey |0.00 pth to |0.91 o clayey |0.00 pth to |0.00 dium content |0.10 o acid |0.76 linity |0.88 o clayey |0.00 pth to |0.00 dium content |0.10 o acid |0.76 linity |0.88 iting features | | | | | aturated zone | | | | | | | | | | aturated zone | | | | | | | | | | | | | aturated zone | | | | aturated zone | | topsoil ______ing class and |Value ______otential source of Table 10.--Construction Materials |Pct | Potential source of P ______Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| | limiting features lim ______| | FuB: | Fuller------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.54 Depth to De | Thickest layer |0.00 Water erosion |0.68 saturated zone s | Shrink-swell |0.87 | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.68 | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.60 Depth to |0.91 De | organic matter saturated zone s | Thickest layer |0.00 Too acid |0.08 saturated zone De | Sodium content |0.10 Shrink-swell |0.12 s | organic matter |0.18 To | Water erosion |0.90 Sa | | Thickest layer |0.00 Too acid |0.08 saturated zone De | Low content of |0.18 Shrink-swell |0.12 s | Sodium content |0.22 To | Water erosion |0.90 Sa | | Depth to bedrock |0.16 To | GaA: | Garner------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Shrink-swell |0.12 To | organic matter | GwA: | Gladewater------|100 |Poor | | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Shrink-swell To | Too acid |0.68 | HaA: | Hainesville-----| 90 |Poor | |Fair |Good | Bottom layer |0.00 |0.10 Wind erosion | Thickest layer |0.00 |0.11 Too acid |0.68 | Low content of |0.88 | organic matter | Droughty |0.98 | HeA: | Herty------| 90 |Poor | | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Depth to To | Low content of |0.18 Depth to bedrock |0.29 So HeB: | Herty------| 90 |Poor | | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Depth to To | organic matter Depth to bedrock |0.39 So Trinity County, Texas 205 o clayey |0.00 o acid |0.50 dium content |0.78 ope |0.84 linity |0.88 o acid |0.50 o acid |0.50 pth to bedrock |0.00 pth to bedrock |0.00 o clayey |0.00 pth to bedrock |0.00 pth to |0.00 ope |0.84 o acid |0.98 iting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | aturated zone | | | topsoil ______ing class and |Value ______otential source of Table 10.--Construction Materials |Pct | Potential source of P ______Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| | limiting features lim ______| | KcD: | Kellison------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Depth to bedrock To | Thickest layer |0.00 Too acid |0.08 Shrink-swell |0.12 To | Low content of |0.60 So | organic matter Sl | Water erosion |0.68 Sa | Sodium content |0.78 | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.75 | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.75 | Thickest layer |0.00 Depth to bedrock | Thickest layer |0.00 Depth to bedrock | Thickest layer |0.00 Droughty Depth to De | Depth to bedrock |0.00 saturated zone De | Too acid |0.54 Shrink-swell |0.12 s | organic matter To | Water erosion |0.90 | KeB: | Keltys------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.08 Depth to bedrock |0.95 To | organic matter | KeD: | Keltys------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.08 Depth to bedrock |0.82 To | organic matter | KiB: | Kitterll------| 90 |Poor | | Bottom layer |0.00 Droughty Depth to bedrock De | Too acid |0.84 | No water erosion |0.99 | limitation | KiD: | Kitterll------| 50 |Poor | | Bottom layer |0.00 Droughty Depth to bedrock De | Too acid |0.84 | No water erosion |0.99 | limitation | Browndell------| 40 |Poor | | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Depth to bedrock To | Low content of |0.75 Sl | 206 Soil Survey o acid |0.32 pth to |0.76 o acid |0.76 o acid |0.88 o sandy |0.50 o acid |0.98 iting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | aturated zone | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | topsoil ______ing class and |Value ______otential source of Table 10.--Construction Materials |Pct | Potential source of P ______Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| | limiting features lim ______| | Kp: | Koury------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |Good | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.03 To | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.18 | Thickest layer |0.00 |0.01 Low content of |0.68 saturated zone s | | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.60 | Thickest layer |0.00 |0.16 Low content of |0.18 To | organic matter | organic matter | Water erosion |0.68 | KuB: | Kurth------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |Good | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.08 Shrink-swell |0.94 | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.60 Depth to bedrock |0.98 | organic matter | KuD: | Kurth------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |Good | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.08 Depth to bedrock |0.46 | Thickest layer |0.00 |0.06 Low content of |0.60 Shrink-swell |0.98 | organic matter | LaB: | Laska------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.20 Depth to |0.76 De | organic matter To LeB: | Latex------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.32 Shrink-swell |0.86 To | organic matter | No water erosion |0.99 | limitation | LnB: | Letney------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |Good | Bottom layer |0.00 |0.02 Wind erosion To | Too sandy |0.50 | Too acid |0.54 | Trinity County, Texas 207 o sandy |0.94 o acid |0.98 pth to |0.00 dium content |0.90 o clayey |0.00 o acid |0.50 dium content |0.60 linity |0.88 o clayey |0.00 o acid |0.50 dium content |0.60 ope |0.84 linity |0.88 iting features | | | | | | | | | | | aturated zone | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | topsoil ______ing class and |Value ______otential source of Table 10.--Construction Materials |Pct | Potential source of P ______Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| | limiting features lim ______| | LvC, LvD: | Lovelady------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |Good | Bottom layer |0.00 Wind erosion To | Thickest layer |0.00 |0.11 Too acid |0.54 To | Low content of |0.60 | Thickest layer |0.00 Bottom |0.03 organic matter saturated zone s | Sodium content |0.90 | Thickest layer |0.00 Too acid |0.08 Depth to bedrock |0.16 To | Sodium content |0.60 So | Low content of |0.68 Sa | organic matter | Thickest layer |0.00 Too acid |0.08 Depth to bedrock |0.29 To | Sodium content |0.60 So | Low content of |0.68 Sl | organic matter Sa | No water erosion |0.99 | organic matter | Too sandy |0.94 | MpA: | Mollville------| 45 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Thickest Low content of |0.12 Depth to De | Too acid |0.54 Shrink-swell |0.87 So | No water erosion |0.99 | limitation | Besner------| 40 |Poor | |Fair |Good | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.68 | Thickest layer |0.00 |0.01 | MsB: | Moswell------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Shrink-swell |0.12 To | No water erosion |0.99 | limitation | MsE: | Moswell------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Shrink-swell |0.12 To | limitation | 208 Soil Survey pth to |0.29 o acid |0.98 pth to |0.00 o clayey |0.00 linity |0.00 dium content |0.60 o acid |0.76 pth to |0.14 o acid |0.50 dium content |0.78 pth to |0.98 pth to |0.14 o acid |0.50 dium content |0.78 iting features | | | | | aturated zone | | | | | | | | | | | aturated zone | | | aturated zone | | | | | | aturated zone | | | | | | | aturated zone | | | | topsoil ______ing class and |Value ______otential source of Table 10.--Construction Materials |Pct | Potential source of P ______Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| | limiting features lim ______| | MxA: | Moten------| 50 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.54 Depth to |0.29 De | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.60 saturated zone s | No water erosion |0.99 | Thickest layer |0.00 Too acid |0.03 saturated zone s | Sa | So | To | | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.68 saturated zone s | Sodium content |0.78 So | No water erosion |0.99 | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.68 saturated zone s | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.68 saturated zone s | Sodium content |0.78 So | No water erosion |0.99 | organic matter To | limitation | Multey------| 40 |Poor | |Fair |Good | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.32 | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.60 | organic matter | Oz: | Ozias------| 55 |Poor | | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Depth to De | Sodium content |0.60 Shrink-swell |0.12 To Pophers------| 35 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.08 Depth to |0.14 De | organic matter Shrink-swell |0.87 To | limitation | PeB: | Penning------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.54 Depth to |0.98 De | organic matter Depth to bedrock |0.99 | No water erosion |0.99 | limitation | Po: | Pophers------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.08 Depth to |0.14 De | organic matter Shrink-swell |0.87 To | limitation | Trinity County, Texas 209 o clayey |0.00 o acid |0.50 o clayey |0.00 pth to bedrock |0.10 o acid |0.98 o clayey |0.00 pth to bedrock |0.35 ope |0.84 o acid |0.98 pth to |0.98 o acid |0.98 o acid |0.76 iting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | aturated zone | | | | | | | | | | topsoil ______ing class and |Value ______otential source of Table 10.--Construction Materials |Pct | Potential source of P ______Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| | limiting features lim ______| | RbB: | Rayburn------| 90 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Depth to bedrock To | Thickest layer |0.00 Too acid |0.08 Shrink-swell |0.82 To | Low content of |0.18 | Thickest layer |0.00 Droughty Shrink-swell |0.12 De | Depth to bedrock |0.10 To | Too acid |0.54 | Thickest layer |0.00 Droughty |0.01 Shrink-swell |0.12 De | Depth to bedrock |0.35 Sl | Too acid |0.54 To | Low content of |0.88 | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.75 Depth to |0.98 s | No water erosion |0.99 | Thickest layer |0.00 Low content of |0.88 | organic matter | Droughty |0.41 | Water erosion |0.90 | RwB: | Rosenwall------| 90 |Poor | | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Depth to bedrock To | Low content of |0.88 | organic matter | Water erosion |0.90 | RwD: | Rosenwall------| 90 |Poor | | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Depth to bedrock To | organic matter | Water erosion |0.90 | SsA: | Sawlit------| 45 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.08 Shrink-swell |0.42 De | organic matter saturated zone To | limitation | Sawtown------| 40 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too acid |0.20 Shrink-swell |0.66 To | organic matter | No water erosion |0.99 | limitation | 210 Soil Survey ope |0.84 ck fragments |0.88 o acid |0.98 o sandy |0.78 ope |0.84 o acid |0.98 o clayey |0.00 o acid |0.88 iting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | topsoil ______ing class and |Value ______otential source of ______Table 10.--Construction Materials |Pct | Potential source of P ______Map symbol | of gravel sand reclamation material roadfill ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| Rat |unit| | limiting features lim ______| | StD: | Stringtown------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |Good | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of |0.24 Sl | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter Ro | Too acid |0.54 To | | Thickest layer |0.00 |0.12 Too acid |0.54 Sl | Too sandy |0.78 To | Low content of |0.88 | Thickest layer |0.00 Too acid |0.32 Depth to bedrock |0.99 To | Low content of |0.60 TeD: | Tehran------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |Good | Bottom layer |0.00 |0.06 Wind erosion To | organic matter | UrB: | Urland------|100 |Poor | |Fair | Bottom layer |0.00 Too clayey Shrink-swell |0.87 To | organic matter | No water erosion |0.99 | limitation | W. | Water | | WnB: | Woden------| 90 |Poor | |Fair |Good | Bottom layer |0.00 Low content of |0.60 | Thickest layer |0.00 organic matter | Too acid |0.84 | ______Trinity County, Texas 211 The numbers in the value columns range from Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping epth to |1.00 | Depth |0.19 epth to |1.00 | Depth |0.19 utbanks cave |1.00 | Slope |0.16 epth to |1.00 | Depth |0.94 iting features | |limiting | | | y limited | |Somewhat saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | y limited | |Somewhat saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | | ewhat limited | |Not epth to |0.15 | saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | ewhat limited | |Not oo clayey |0.50 | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | ewhat limited | |Not utbanks cave |0.10 | | | y limited | |Somewhat lope |0.16 | | | ewhat limited | |Not epth to |0.15 | saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | y limited | |Somewhat saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | | ______ing class and |Value|Rating |Value ______| e.) Table 11.--Building Site Development |Pct | Dwellings without with Small commercial Local roads and 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, greater limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in this tabl ______Map symbol | of basements buildings streets (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate need for onsite investigation. ______and soil name |map |Rating class |Value|Rating |Value|Rat |unit|limiting features | |limiting |lim | saturated zone | saturated zone | Slope |0.16 Shrink-swell |0.50 S | saturated zone ______| AaB: | Alazan------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Ver | Depth to |0.44 |1.00 |0.19 D | C | AbA: | Alazan------| 60 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Ver | Depth to |0.44 |1.00 |0.19 D | C | Besner------| 30 |Not limited | |Somewhat |Som | Depth to |0.15 D | saturated zone | C | AnB: | Annona------| 90 |Very limited | |Som | Shrink-swell |1.00 T | C | AuB: | Austonio------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Not |Som | Shrink-swell |0.50 C | AuD: | Austonio------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Ver | Shrink-swell |0.50 Slope |0.16 |1.00 C | BeA: | Besner------| 90 |Not limited | |Somewhat |Som | Depth to |0.15 D | saturated zone | C | CaA, CaB: | Colita------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat |Ver | Depth to |1.00 |0.94 D | C | | 212 Soil Survey Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping epth to |1.00 | Depth |0.94 epth to |1.00 | Depth |0.03 epth to |1.00 | Depth oo clayey |0.50 | Depth to bedrock|0.01 epth to |1.00 | Depth oo clayey |0.50 | Depth to bedrock|0.01 epth to soft |0.01 | Slope utbanks cave |1.00 | Too clayey iting features | |limiting | | | y limited | |Somewhat saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | | y limited | |Somewhat saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | y limited | |Very saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | epth to soft |0.01 | bedrock | | | y limited | |Very saturated zone | bedrock | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | y limited | |Very oo clayey |0.50 | | | y limited | |Not utbanks cave |1.00 | oo clayey |0.50 | | | ewhat limited | |Not oo clayey |0.50 | utbanks cave |0.10 | | ______ing class and |Value|Rating |Value ______| Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct | Dwellings without with Small commercial Local roads and Map symbol | of basements buildings streets ______and soil name |map |Rating class |Value|Rating |Value|Rat |unit|limiting features | |limiting |lim | saturated zone | saturated zone | saturated zone | Depth to soft |0.01 C | saturated zone | Slope |0.01 Depth to soft |1.00 D | bedrock | T ______| ClA: | Colita------| 45 |Very limited | |Somewhat |Ver | Depth to |1.00 |0.94 D | C | Laska------| 35 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Ver | Depth to |0.08 |1.00 |0.03 D | C | CoB: | Corrigan------|100 |Very limited | |Ver | Depth to |1.00 D | Shrink-swell |1.00 T | bedrock D | | CoD: | Corrigan------|100 |Very limited | |Ver | Depth to |1.00 D | Shrink-swell |1.00 T | Slope |0.01 C | EaA: | Eastham------| 90 |Very limited | |Ver | Shrink-swell |1.00 C | EaB: | Eastham------| 90 |Very limited | |Ver | Shrink-swell |1.00 C | Slope |0.01 T | EtB: | Etoile------| 90 |Very limited | |Som | Shrink-swell |1.00 T | C | | Trinity County, Texas 213 Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping epth to |1.00 | Sodium content saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 utbanks cave |1.00 | Too clayey oo clayey |1.00 | Too utbanks cave |1.00 | Flooding utbanks cave |1.00 | Droughty |0.69 epth to |1.00 | Depth oo clayey |0.97 | Slope |0.16 iting features | |limiting | | | y limited | |Very utbanks cave |0.10 | saturated zone | | y limited | |Very oo clayey |0.88 | | | y limited | |Very epth to |1.00 | saturated zone | looding |0.80 | | | y limited | |Somewhat | | y limited | |Very saturated zone | oo clayey |0.88 | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | ewhat limited | |Somewhat lope |0.16 | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | ewhat limited | |Not epth to |0.95 | saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | | ______ing class and |Value|Rating |Value ______| Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct | Dwellings without with Small commercial Local roads and Map symbol | of basements buildings streets ______and soil name |map |Rating class |Value|Rating |Value|Rat |unit|limiting features | |limiting |lim | saturated zone | Shrink-swell |1.00 C | T | Shrink-swell |1.00 Flooding C | Depth to |1.00 D | | saturated zone | Slope |0.16 |1.00 S ______| FuA, FuB: | Fuller------| 90 |Very limited | |Ver | Depth to |1.00 D | GaA: | Garner------| 90 |Very limited | |Ver | Shrink-swell |1.00 C | GwA: | Gladewater------|100 |Very limited | |Ver | Flooding |1.00 Shrink-swell T | saturated zone | F | HaA: | Hainesville------| 90 |Not limited | |Ver | C HeA, HeB: | Herty------| 90 |Very limited | |Ver | Depth to |1.00 D | Shrink-swell |1.00 T | C | KcD: | Kellison------| 90 |Very limited | |Som | Shrink-swell |1.00 T | C | KeB: | Keltys------| 90 |Not limited | |Somewhat |Som | Depth to |0.95 D | saturated zone | C | | 214 Soil Survey Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping epth to soft |1.00 | Depth bedrock|1.00 bedrock | Droughty |1.00 epth to soft |1.00 | Depth bedrock|1.00 bedrock | Droughty |1.00 epth to |1.00 | Depth bedrock|1.00 saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 bedrock | Droughty |0.94 oo clayey |0.50 | Slope |0.16 lope |0.16 | Content of large|0.03 epth to |0.95 | Flooding |1.00 iting features | |limiting | | | ewhat limited | |Not epth to |0.95 | saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | y limited | |Very utbanks cave |0.10 | | | y limited | |Very utbanks cave |0.10 | | y limited | |Very epth to soft |1.00 | saturated zone utbanks cave |0.10 | stones | | ewhat limited | |Very saturated zone | looding |0.80 | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | ewhat limited | |Not epth to |0.95 | saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | ewhat limited | |Not epth to |0.95 | saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | | ______ing class and |Value|Rating |Value ______| Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct | Dwellings without with Small commercial Local roads and Map symbol | of basements buildings streets ______and soil name |map |Rating class |Value|Rating |Value|Rat |unit|limiting features | |limiting |lim | bedrock | C | bedrock | C | saturated zone Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 saturated zone D | bedrock Depth to soft |1.00 T | Slope |0.16 bedrock S | C | Depth to |0.95 ______| KeD: | Keltys------| 90 |Not limited | |Somewhat |Som | Depth to |0.95 Slope |0.86 D | saturated zone | C | KiB: | Kitterll------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Ver | Depth to soft |1.00 D | KiD: | Kitterll------| 50 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Ver | Depth to soft |1.00 D | Browndell------| 40 |Very limited | |Ver | Depth to |1.00 Shrink-swell D | Depth to soft |1.00 Slope | Kp: | Koury------| 90 |Very limited | |Som | Flooding |1.00 D | saturated zone F | C | KuB: | Kurth------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Som | Shrink-swell |0.50 Depth to |0.95 D | saturated zone | Shrink-swell |0.50 C | KuD: | Kurth------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Som | Shrink-swell |0.50 Depth to |0.95 Slope |0.86 D | saturated zone Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 C | | Trinity County, Texas 215 Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping epth to |1.00 | Depth |0.03 utbanks cave |1.00 | Droughty |0.10 utbanks cave |1.00 | Droughty |0.29 onding |1.00 | Ponding epth to |1.00 | Depth iting features | |limiting | | | y limited | |Somewhat saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | ewhat limited | |Not epth to |0.73 | saturated zone | oo clayey |0.12 | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | y limited | |Not utbanks cave |1.00 | | | y limited | |Somewhat epth to |0.95 | saturated zone | | | y limited | |Somewhat epth to |0.95 | saturated zone | | | y limited | |Very saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | | ewhat limited | |Not epth to |0.15 | saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | y limited | |Not oo clayey |1.00 | utbanks cave |0.10 | | ______ing class and |Value|Rating |Value ______| Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct | Dwellings without with Small commercial Local roads and Map symbol | of basements buildings streets ______and soil name |map |Rating class |Value|Rating |Value|Rat |unit|limiting features | |limiting |lim | saturated zone | saturated zone D | saturated zone D | Depth to |1.00 D | saturated zone ______| LaB: | Laska------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Ver | Depth to |0.08 |1.00 |0.03 D | C | LeB: | Latex------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Som | Shrink-swell |0.50 Depth to |0.73 D | saturated zone | Shrink-swell |0.50 T | C | LnB: | Letney------| 90 |Not limited | |Ver | C | LvC: | Lovelady------| 90 |Not limited | |Somewhat |Ver | Depth to |0.95 C | | LvD: | Lovelady------| 90 |Not limited | |Somewhat |Ver | Depth to |0.95 Slope |0.86 C | Shrink-swell |0.50 | MpA: | Mollville------| 45 |Very limited | |Ver | Ponding |1.00 P | Shrink-swell |0.50 C | Besner------| 40 |Not limited | |Somewhat |Som | Depth to |0.15 D | saturated zone | C | MsB: | Moswell------| 90 |Very limited | |Ver | Shrink-swell |1.00 T | C | | 216 Soil Survey Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping oo clayey |1.00 | Slope |0.16 epth to |1.00 | Depth |0.48 epth to |1.00 | Flooding saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 looding |0.80 | Too clayey |1.00 oo clayey |0.50 | Salinity |0.01 epth to |1.00 | Flooding saturated zone | Depth to |0.75 epth to |1.00 | Flooding saturated zone | Depth to |0.75 iting features | |limiting | | | y limited | |Somewhat lope |0.16 | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | y limited | |Somewhat saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | | ewhat limited | |Not epth to |0.16 | saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | y limited | |Very utbanks cave |1.00 | saturated zone | y limited | |Very looding |0.80 | saturated zone utbanks cave |0.10 | | | ewhat limited | |Not epth to |0.99 | saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | y limited | |Very looding |0.80 | saturated zone utbanks cave |0.10 | | ______ing class and |Value|Rating |Value ______| Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct | Dwellings without with Small commercial Local roads and Map symbol | of basements buildings streets ______and soil name |map |Rating class |Value|Rating |Value|Rat |unit|limiting features | |limiting |lim | Slope |0.16 |1.00 S | saturated zone | Shrink-swell |1.00 Depth to | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone C | T | | Depth to |1.00 |0.75 | saturated zone F | Depth to |1.00 |0.75 | saturated zone F ______| MsE: | Moswell------| 90 |Very limited | |Ver | Shrink-swell |1.00 T | C | MxA: | Moten------| 50 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Ver | Depth to |0.86 |1.00 |0.48 D | Shrink-swell |0.50 C | Multey------| 40 |Not limited | |Somewhat |Som | Depth to |0.16 D | saturated zone | C | Oz: | Ozias------| 55 |Very limited | |Ver | Flooding |1.00 D | saturated zone Shrink-swell |1.00 F Pophers------| 35 |Very limited | |Ver | Flooding |1.00 D | Shrink-swell |0.50 C | PeB: | Penning------| 90 |Not limited | |Somewhat |Som | Depth to |0.99 D | saturated zone | C | Po: | Pophers------| 90 |Very limited | |Ver | Flooding |1.00 D | Shrink-swell |0.50 C | | Trinity County, Texas 217 Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping oo clayey |1.00 | Depth to bedrock|0.90 epth to soft |0.90 | Droughty |0.66 oo clayey |1.00 | Depth to bedrock|0.65 epth to soft |0.64 | Droughty |0.35 bedrock | Slope |0.16 lope |0.16 | Slope utbanks cave |1.00 | Droughty |0.34 lope |0.16 | Slope iting features | |limiting | | | ewhat limited | |Not epth to |0.82 | saturated zone | oo clayey |0.50 | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | y limited | |Somewhat bedrock | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | y limited | |Somewhat lope |0.16 | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | ewhat limited | |Not epth to |0.99 | saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | oo clayey |0.03 | | ewhat limited | |Not epth to |0.47 | saturated zone | utbanks cave |0.10 | oo clayey |0.03 | | | ewhat limited | |Somewhat utbanks cave |0.10 | | | y limited | |Somewhat | ______ing class and |Value|Rating |Value ______| Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct | Dwellings without with Small commercial Local roads and Map symbol | of basements buildings streets ______and soil name |map |Rating class |Value|Rating |Value|Rat |unit|limiting features | |limiting |lim | Depth to soft |0.90 D | bedrock | Slope |0.16 Depth to soft |0.64 |1.00 D | bedrock | Slope |0.16 S | C | S | ______| RbB: | Rayburn------| 90 |Very limited | |Som | Shrink-swell |1.00 D | Depth to |0.82 | saturated zone T | C | RwB: | Rosenwall------| 90 |Very limited | |Ver | Shrink-swell |1.00 T | C | RwD: | Rosenwall------| 90 |Very limited | |Ver | Shrink-swell |1.00 T | C | SsA: | Sawlit------| 45 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Som | Shrink-swell |0.50 |1.00 D | Depth to |0.99 | saturated zone C | T | Sawtown------| 40 |Somewhat limited | |Som | Shrink-swell |0.50 D | Depth to |0.47 | saturated zone C | T | StD: | Stringtown------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Som | Slope |0.16 |1.00 S | TeD: | Tehran------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Ver | Slope |0.16 |1.00 C | 218 Soil Survey Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping iting features | |limiting | | | ewhat limited | |Not oo clayey |0.12 | utbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | ewhat limited | |Not utbanks cave |0.10 | | ______ing class and |Value|Rating |Value ______| ______Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued ______|Pct | Dwellings without with Small commercial Local roads and Map symbol | of basements buildings streets ______and soil name |map |Rating class |Value|Rating |Value|Rat |unit|limiting features | |limiting |lim ______| UrB: | Urland------|100 |Somewhat limited | |Som | Shrink-swell |0.50 T | C | W. | Water | | WnB: | Woden------| 90 |Not limited | |Som | C | ______| Trinity County, Texas 219 Depth to |0.86 Depth to |0.86 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Seepage |0.50 Slope |0.16 n of ratings in this Daily cover for limiting features | | | | Somewhat limited | saturated zone | | | | | Somewhat limited | saturated zone | | | | Not limited | | | | | | | Very limited | | | Somewhat limited | | | | Somewhat limited | | | | | Not limited | | | | | | landfill ______Rating class and |Value ______The numbers in the Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate need for onsite investigation. value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, greater limitation. See text for further explanatio | saturated zone | saturated zone | permeability | | permeability Slope |0.01 | permeability Seepage |0.50 Slope |0.16 table.) ______Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______| AaB: | Alazan------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | Restricted |0.50 Seepage | permeability | AbA: | Alazan------| 60 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | Restricted |0.50 Seepage | permeability | Besner------| 30 |Somewhat limited | |Very | Restricted |0.50 Seepage |1.00 Depth to | permeability saturated zone | Depth to |0.40 Seepage |1.00 | saturated zone | AnB: | Annona------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat |Not | Restricted |1.00 Slope |0.01 Too clayey AuB: | Austonio------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very |Not | Restricted |0.50 Seepage |1.00 | AuD: | Austonio------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very | Restricted |0.50 Slope |1.00 Seepage |0.16 | Slope |0.16 | BeA: | Besner------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very | Restricted |0.50 Seepage |1.00 Depth to | permeability Slope |0.01 saturated zone | Depth to |0.40 Seepage |1.00 | saturated zone | |Pct | Septic tank Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| limiting features | | 220 Soil Survey Depth to |1.00 Depth to bedrock |0.93 Depth to |1.00 Depth to bedrock |0.61 Depth to |1.00 Seepage |0.50 Depth to bedrock |0.93 Depth to |0.68 Seepage |0.50 Depth to bedrock |0.05 Depth to |1.00 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Depth to bedrock |1.00 Depth to |1.00 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Depth to bedrock |1.00 Slope |0.01 Daily cover for limiting features | | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | | Somewhat limited | saturated zone | | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | landfill ______Rating class and |Value ______Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued | saturated zone Depth to soft |0.93 |1.00 | Restricted |0.50 Depth to bedrock |0.93 | saturated zone Depth to soft |0.61 |1.00 | Restricted |0.50 Depth to bedrock |0.61 | saturated zone Depth to soft |0.90 |1.00 | Restricted |0.50 Depth to bedrock |0.93 | permeability | saturated zone | Depth to soft |0.05 Seepage |1.00 bedrock | bedrock | saturated zone bedrock Depth to |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 Too clayey | permeability | | saturated zone bedrock Depth to |1.00 | Restricted |1.00 Too clayey Slope |0.01 | permeability Slope |0.01 | Slope |0.01 | Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______| CaA: | Colita------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 Seepage bedrock | Depth to bedrock |0.98 saturated zone Seepage |1.00 | permeability | CaB: | Colita------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 Seepage bedrock | Depth to bedrock |0.86 saturated zone Seepage |1.00 | permeability | ClA: | Colita------| 45 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 Seepage bedrock | Depth to bedrock |0.98 saturated zone Seepage |1.00 | Laska------| 35 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to bedrock |0.47 Seepage |1.00 | CoB: | Corrigan------|100 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 soft bedrock | Depth to bedrock |1.00 Slope |0.09 saturated zone CoD: | Corrigan------|100 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 soft bedrock | Depth to bedrock |1.00 Slope saturated zone |Pct | Septic tank Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| limiting features | | ______Trinity County, Texas 221 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Depth to bedrock |0.01 Depth to |1.00 Sodium content |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Depth to bedrock |0.88 Depth to |1.00 Sodium content |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Depth to bedrock |0.84 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Depth to |0.44 Daily cover for limiting features | | | | Very limited | | | Very limited | | | Very limited | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | | Very limited | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | | landfill ______Rating class and |Value ______Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued | permeability | | permeability | | permeability Depth to soft |0.01 bedrock |1.00 | Depth to bedrock |0.36 | | permeability bedrock saturated zone | saturated zone Depth to bedrock |1.00 | Depth to bedrock |0.96 | | permeability Slope |0.01 saturated zone | saturated zone bedrock Depth to |1.00 | Depth to bedrock |0.94 | | permeability | | Restricted |1.00 Depth to |0.83 Too clayey |0.17 | permeability saturated zone Depth to |0.84 | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______| EaA: | Eastham------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat |Not | Restricted |1.00 Slope |0.01 Too clayey EaB: | Eastham------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat |Not | Restricted |1.00 Slope |0.33 Too clayey EtB: | Etoile------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Slope |0.09 Too clayey Depth to bedrock |0.01 FuA: | Fuller------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Depth to soft |0.88 | Depth to |1.00 Seepage |0.50 Sodium content bedrock |0.88 FuB: | Fuller------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Seepage |0.50 Depth to | Depth to |1.00 soft |0.84 Sodium content bedrock GaA: | Garner------| 90 |Very limited | |Not | Restricted |1.00 Too clayey GwA: | Gladewater------|100 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | saturated zone | ______|Pct | Septic tank Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| limiting features | | 222 Soil Survey Seepage |1.00 Too sandy |0.50 Depth to |1.00 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Depth to bedrock |0.71 Depth to |1.00 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Depth to bedrock |0.61 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Depth to bedrock |1.00 Slope |0.16 Depth to |0.11 Depth to bedrock |0.05 Depth to |0.11 Depth to bedrock |0.18 Daily cover for limiting features | | | | Very limited | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | | Very limited | | | Somewhat limited | saturated zone | | | | | | Somewhat limited | saturated zone | | | | | landfill ______Rating class and |Value ______Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued | capacity Too sandy |1.00 | | permeability saturated zone | saturated zone Depth to bedrock |1.00 | Depth to bedrock |0.89 | | permeability bedrock saturated zone | saturated zone Depth to bedrock |1.00 | Depth to bedrock |0.86 | | permeability Depth to soft |1.00 bedrock Slope |0.16 | Depth to bedrock |1.00 Slope |0.16 | Slope |0.16 | | permeability saturated zone Depth to |0.47 | saturated zone Depth to soft |0.05 | permeability saturated zone Depth to |0.47 | saturated zone Seepage |0.50 Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______| HaA: | Hainesville-----| 90 |Very limited | | Filtering |1.00 Seepage HeA: | Herty------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Depth to bedrock |0.71 | Depth to |1.00 Too clayey bedrock |0.71 HeB: | Herty------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Depth to soft |0.61 | Depth to |1.00 Slope |0.01 Too clayey bedrock |0.61 KcD: | Kellison------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Slope Too clayey Depth to bedrock KeB: | Keltys------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Depth to bedrock |0.05 | Depth to |1.00 Seepage |0.50 saturated zone | Depth to bedrock |0.47 | Slope |0.01 | KeD: | Keltys------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Depth to bedrock |0.18 | Depth to |1.00 Slope saturated zone | Depth to bedrock |0.63 soft |0.18 | bedrock | |Pct | Septic tank Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| limiting features | | ______Trinity County, Texas 223 Depth to bedrock |1.00 Depth to bedrock |1.00 Depth to bedrock |1.00 Depth to |1.00 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Slope |0.16 Depth to |0.09 Too clayey |0.50 Depth to |0.11 Depth to bedrock |0.02 Depth to bedrock |0.54 Depth to |0.11 Daily cover for limiting features | | | | Very limited | | | | | Very limited | | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | | Somewhat limited | saturated zone | | | | | | Somewhat limited | saturated zone | | | | | Somewhat limited | saturated zone | | | landfill ______Rating class and |Value ______Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued | bedrock | bedrock | Depth to |1.00 bedrock saturated zone | saturated zone Slope |1.00 Depth to bedrock | Slope |0.16 | | | Depth to |1.00 | permeability saturated zone Too clayey |0.50 | Depth to |1.00 Seepage |0.50 |0.47 | Depth to bedrock |0.41 | permeability saturated zone Depth to |0.47 | Depth to |1.00 Slope saturated zone Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______| KiB: | Kitterll------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to bedrock |1.00 soft | Slope |0.09 | KiD: | Kitterll------| 50 |Very limited | | Depth to bedrock |1.00 soft | Slope |0.09 | Browndell------| 40 |Very limited | | Depth to bedrock |1.00 soft | Slope |0.16 Too clayey |1.00 Kp: | Koury------| 90 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | KuB: | Kurth------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Depth to bedrock |0.02 | saturated zone Depth to soft |0.02 | Slope |0.01 | KuD: | Kurth------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Depth to bedrock |0.54 | saturated zone Seepage |0.50 | ______|Pct | Septic tank Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| limiting features | | 224 Soil Survey Depth to |0.68 Seepage |0.50 Seepage |0.50 Hard to compact |1.00 Depth to |0.09 Hard to compact |1.00 Depth to |0.09 Ponding |1.00 Depth to |1.00 Too clayey |0.50 Daily cover for limiting features | | | | Somewhat limited | saturated zone | | | | Not limited | | | | | | | Somewhat limited | | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | | | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | | | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | | landfill ______Rating class and |Value ______Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued | saturated zone | permeability Slope |0.01 Seepage |1.00 | Slope |0.09 | permeability Depth to |1.00 saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone | permeability Depth to |1.00 |0.44 | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone | permeability Depth to |1.00 saturated zone | Ponding |1.00 saturated zone | saturated zone Too clayey |0.50 Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______| LaB: | Laska------| 90 |Very limited | | Depth to |1.00 | Restricted |0.72 Seepage |1.00 Depth to bedrock | LeB: | Latex------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat |Not | Restricted |1.00 Depth to |0.92 |0.02 | permeability saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 Seepage |0.50 | saturated zone Slope |0.01 | LnB: | Letney------| 90 |Not limited | |Very | Seepage |1.00 | LvC: | Lovelady------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Seepage Depth to |0.44 | saturated zone Slope |0.09 | Filtering |1.00 | capacity | LvD: | Lovelady------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Seepage Too clayey |0.50 | saturated zone Slope |1.00 | Filtering |1.00 | capacity | MpA: | Mollville------| 45 |Very limited | | Restricted |1.00 Ponding Depth to | Depth to |1.00 Seepage | |Pct | Septic tank Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| limiting features | | ______Trinity County, Texas 225 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Depth to bedrock |0.84 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Depth to bedrock |0.71 Slope |0.16 Depth to |0.96 Seepage |0.21 Depth to |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Too clayey |1.00 Daily cover for limiting features | | | | Not limited | | | | | | | Very limited | | | Very limited | | | Somewhat limited | saturated zone | | | | | Somewhat limited | | | | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | | landfill ______Rating class and |Value ______Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued | permeability Depth to bedrock |1.00 | | | permeability Too clayey |1.00 Slope |0.16 | Slope |0.16 | | | permeability Depth to |0.06 saturated zone | permeability saturated zone | Restricted |1.00 Depth to | Depth to |1.00 Too clayey | saturated zone Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______| MpA: | Besner------| 40 |Somewhat limited | |Very | Restricted |0.50 Seepage |1.00 Depth to | permeability Slope |0.01 saturated zone | Depth to |0.40 Seepage |1.00 | saturated zone | MsB: | Moswell------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Slope |0.09 Too clayey Depth to bedrock |0.84 MsE: | Moswell------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Slope Depth to bedrock |0.71 MxA: | Moten------| 50 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Seepage |0.50 Depth to |0.94 | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone Too clayey |0.50 | saturated zone | MxA: | Multey------| 40 |Somewhat limited | |Very | Restricted |0.50 Seepage |1.00 Depth to | Depth to |0.43 Seepage |1.00 | saturated zone | Oz: | Ozias------| 55 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | permeability saturated zone | |Pct | Septic tank Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| limiting features | | ______226 Soil Survey Depth to |1.00 Too clayey |0.50 Depth to |0.25 Depth to bedrock |0.01 Depth to |1.00 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Depth to bedrock |1.00 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Depth to bedrock |1.00 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Depth to bedrock |1.00 Slope |0.16 Daily cover for limiting features | | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | | | | Somewhat limited | saturated zone | | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | | | | | Very limited | | | | | Very limited | | | Very limited | | landfill ______Rating class and |Value ______Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued | Restricted |1.00 Depth to | Depth to |1.00 | permeability Depth to |0.96 |0.68 saturated zone | saturated zone | Depth to |1.00 | permeability saturated zone Too clayey |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 soft |0.42 |0.09 | saturated zone bedrock | permeability bedrock Too clayey |1.00 | Depth to bedrock |1.00 Slope |0.09 | | permeability bedrock Too clayey |1.00 Slope |0.16 | Depth to bedrock |1.00 Slope |0.16 | Slope |0.16 | Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______| Oz: | Pophers------| 35 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | permeability saturated zone | saturated zone | PeB: | Penning------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Seepage Depth to bedrock |0.04 | Depth to |1.00 saturated zone bedrock |0.01 | Po: | Pophers------| 90 |Very limited | | Flooding |1.00 | saturated zone | Restricted |1.00 | permeability | RbB: | Rayburn------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Depth to bedrock | Depth to bedrock |0.78 Slope |0.09 | RwB: | Rosenwall------| 90 |Very limited | | Restricted |1.00 Depth to soft bedrock RwD: | Rosenwall------| 90 |Very limited | | Restricted |1.00 Depth to soft bedrock |Pct | Septic tank Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| limiting features | | ______Trinity County, Texas 227 Hard to compact |1.00 Too clayey |1.00 Depth to |0.25 Slope |0.16 Seepage |1.00 Too sandy |0.50 Slope |0.16 Too clayey |1.00 Hard to compact |1.00 Depth to bedrock |0.01 Seepage |0.50 Daily cover for limiting features | | | | Very limited | saturated zone | | Not limited | | | | | | | Somewhat limited | | | | | Very limited | | | Very limited | | | | | | Somewhat limited | | | landfill ______Rating class and |Value ______Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued | permeability saturated zone Depth to |0.68 | Depth to |1.00 Seepage |0.50 saturated zone | saturated zone | permeability Seepage |0.50 | Slope |1.00 Seepage |0.16 | Slope |0.16 | | permeability Slope |0.09 Depth to bedrock |1.00 | | | Slope |0.09 Map symbol | of absorption fields landfill ______| SsA: | Sawlit------| 45 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Depth to |0.96 Too clayey |0.04 | Sawtown------| 40 |Very limited | |Somewhat |Not | Restricted |1.00 Seepage |0.50 | permeability Depth to |0.39 | Depth to |0.94 saturated zone | saturated zone | StD: | Stringtown------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Slope |0.16 | Slope |0.16 | TeD: | Tehran------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very | Slope |0.16 Seepage |1.00 Too sandy UrB: | Urland------|100 |Very limited | |Somewhat | Restricted |1.00 Seepage |0.50 Too clayey Depth to bedrock |0.01 W. | Water | | WnB: | Woden------| 90 |Not limited | |Very | Seepage |1.00 | ______|Pct | Septic tank Sewage lagoons Trench sanitary Area ______and soil name |map | Rating class |Value| |unit| limiting features | | ______228 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Water Management

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in this table.)

______|Pct | Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed Map symbol | of |______| levees | excavated ponds and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AaB: | | | | | | | Alazan------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.70 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.30 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Piping |0.50 | Deep to water |0.01 | | | | | | | AbA: | | | | | | | Alazan------| 60 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.70 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.30 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Piping |0.73 | Deep to water |0.01 | | | | | | | Besner------| 30 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | Seepage |0.01 | | | | | | | | | AnB: | | | | | | | Annona------| 90 |Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | | | Hard to pack |0.93 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | | | | AuB: | | | | | | | Austonio------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.09 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | | | | AuD: | | | | | | | Austonio------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | Seepage |0.09 | | | | | | | | | BeA: | | | | | | | Besner------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | Seepage |0.01 | | | | | | | | | CaA: | | | | | | | Colita------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Depth to bedrock |0.01 | saturated zone | | | | | | | Piping |1.00 | | | | | | Thin layer |0.34 | | | | | | Seepage |0.02 | | | | | | | | | CaB: | | | | | | | Colita------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Depth to bedrock |0.01 | saturated zone | | | | | | | Piping |1.00 | | | | | | Thin layer |0.16 | | | | | | Seepage |0.02 | | | | | | | | | ClA: | | | | | | | Colita------| 45 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Depth to bedrock |0.01 | saturated zone | | | | | | | Piping |1.00 | | | | | | Thin layer |0.34 | | | | | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 229

Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed Map symbol | of |______| levees | excavated ponds and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ClA: | | | | | | | Laska------| 35 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | Depth to bedrock |0.01 | Thin layer |1.00 | Deep to water |0.02 | | | | Depth to |0.95 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Seepage |0.01 | | | | | | | | | CoB: | | | | | | | Corrigan------|100 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to bedrock |0.02 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Seepage |0.02 | saturated zone | | | | | | | Hard to pack |1.00 | | | | | | Thin layer |0.56 | | CoD: | | | | | | | Corrigan------|100 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to bedrock |0.02 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Seepage |0.02 | saturated zone | | | | | | | Hard to pack |0.74 | | | | | | Thin layer |0.56 | | | | | | | | | EaA, EaB: | | | | | | | Eastham------| 90 |Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | | | Hard to pack |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | | | | EtB: | | | | | | | Etoile------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to bedrock |0.01 | Hard to pack |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | Thin layer |1.00 | | | | | | | | | FuA, FuB: | | | | | | | Fuller------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.70 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Depth to bedrock |0.01 | saturated zone | | | | | | | Piping |1.00 | | | | | | Thin layer |1.00 | | | | | | | | | GaA: | | | | | | | Garner------| 90 |Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | | | Hard to pack |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | | | | GwA: | | | | | | | Gladewater------|100 |Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | | | Hard to pack |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | Depth to |0.84 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | HaA: | | | | | | | Hainesville------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.11 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | | | | HeA, HeB: | | | | | | | Herty------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to bedrock |0.01 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Thin layer |1.00 | | | | | | Piping |0.90 | | | | | | | | | KcD: | | | | | | | Kellison------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to bedrock |0.01 | Thin layer |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | Piping |0.90 | | | | | | | | | 230 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed Map symbol | of |______| levees | excavated ponds and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KeB: | | | | | | | Keltys------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to bedrock |0.01 | Thin layer |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | Depth to |0.46 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Seepage |0.01 | | | | | | | | | KeD: | | | | | | | Keltys------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to bedrock |0.01 | Thin layer |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | Depth to |0.46 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Seepage |0.01 | | | | | | | | | KiB: | | | | | | | Kitterll------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to bedrock |0.69 | Thin layer |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Seepage |0.02 | Piping |1.00 | | | | | | | | | KiD: | | | | | | | Kitterll------| 50 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Thin layer |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Depth to bedrock |0.78 | Piping |1.00 | | | | | | | | | Browndell------| 40 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to bedrock |0.61 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | Seepage |0.02 | Thin layer |1.00 | | | | | | Hard to pack |0.80 | | | | | | | | | Kp: | | | | | | | Koury------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.03 | Piping |1.00 | Slow refill |0.97 | | | | Depth to |0.43 | Deep to water |0.25 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | | | | KuB: | | | | | | | Kurth------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.70 | Thin layer |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Depth to bedrock |0.01 | Piping |0.86 | | | | | | Depth to |0.46 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | KuD: | | | | | | | Kurth------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.70 | Thin layer |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Depth to bedrock |0.01 | Piping |0.99 | | | | | | Depth to |0.46 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Seepage |0.06 | | | | | | | | | LaB: | | | | | | | Laska------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Thin layer |1.00 | Deep to water |0.02 | | | | Depth to |0.95 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Seepage |0.01 | | | | | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 231

Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed Map symbol | of |______| levees | excavated ponds and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LeB: | | | | | | | Latex------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.70 | Depth to |0.02 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | LnB: | | | | | | | Letney------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.16 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | | | | LvC, LvD: | | | | | | | Lovelady------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |0.43 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Seepage |0.11 | | | | | | | | | MpA: | | | | | | | Mollville------| 45 |Not limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | | | Ponding |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Depth to |1.00 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Piping |0.83 | | | | | | Seepage |0.03 | | | | | | | | | Besner------| 40 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | Seepage |0.01 | | | | | | | | | MsB, MsE: | | | | | | | Moswell------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to bedrock |0.01 | Hard to pack |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | Thin layer |1.00 | | | | | | | | | MxA: | | | | | | | Moten------| 50 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.70 | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Piping |1.00 | | | | | | | | | Multey------| 40 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | | | | Oz: | | | | | | | Ozias------| 55 |Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | | | Depth to |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | Hard to pack |1.00 | | | | | | | | | Pophers------| 35 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.03 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.97 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Piping |0.78 | Salty water |0.06 | | | | | | | PeB: | | | | | | | Penning------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.70 | Piping |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Depth to bedrock |0.01 | Thin layer |1.00 | | | | | | Depth to |0.68 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | 232 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ______|Pct.| Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed Map symbol | of |______| levees | excavated ponds and soil name |map | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value ______|unit| limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Po: | | | | | | | Pophers------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | | | Seepage |0.03 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.97 | | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | | | | Piping |0.22 | | | | | | | | | RbB: | | | | | | | Rayburn------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.02 | Thin layer |0.46 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Depth to bedrock |0.01 | Depth to |0.09 | | | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | RwB: | | | | | | | Rosenwall------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to bedrock |0.30 | Thin layer |0.98 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Seepage |0.02 | Hard to pack |0.90 | | | | | | | | | RwD: | | | | | | | Rosenwall------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Depth to bedrock |0.17 | Thin layer |0.91 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Seepage |0.02 | Hard to pack |0.90 | | | | | | | | | SsA: | | | | | | | Sawlit------| 45 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.70 | Depth to |0.68 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | saturated zone | | | | | | | | | | Sawtown------| 40 |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.70 | Piping |0.01 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | | | | StD: | | | | | | | Stringtown------| 90 |Somewhat limited | |Not limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.70 | | | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | | | | TeD: | | | | | | | Tehran------| 90 |Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.12 | Deep to water |1.00 | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | Urland------|100 |Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |0.70 | Thin layer |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 | | Depth to bedrock |0.01 | Piping |0.01 | | | | | | | | | W. | | | | | | | Water | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WnB: | | | | | | | Woden------| 90 |Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited | | | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |1.00 | Deep to water |1.00 ______| | | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 233

Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties

(Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated.)

______| | | |______Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | |Plas- Map symbol | | | | | |ments |______sieve number-- |Liquid|ticity and soil name | Horizon | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO | 3-10 | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | limit| index ______| | | | | |inches| | | | | | | __In | | | | ___Pct | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | AaB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Alazan------|A, E | 0-4 |Very fine sandy|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 100 |96-100|90-100|51-80 | 0-25 |NP-7 | | | loam | | | | | | | | | |Bt/E | 4-80 |Loam, sandy |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 100 |96-100|90-100|51-85 |25-40 | 8-22 | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AbA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Alazan------|A, E | 0-18 |Very fine sandy|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 100 |96-100|90-100|51-80 | 0-25 |NP-7 | | | loam | | | | | | | | | |Bt/E | 18-80 |Loam, sandy |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 100 |96-100|90-100|51-85 |25-40 | 8-22 | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------|A, E1 | 0-8 |Fine sandy loam|CL-ML, ML, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100|29-66 | 0-25 |NP-7 | | | | SC-SM, SM | | | | | | | | |E2 | 8-29 |Fine sandy |CL-ML, ML, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100|29-66 | 0-25 |NP-7 | | | loam, very | SC-SM, SM | | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | |Bt | 29-38 |Loam, fine |CL-ML, ML, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-100|29-66 | 0-25 |NP-7 | | | sandy loam | SC-SM, SM | | | | | | | | |Bt/E | 38-80 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-100|36-75 |18-30 | 6-15 | | | clay loam | SC, SC-SM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AnB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Annona------|A, E | 0-9 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 |95-100|95-100|75-100|45-75 |16-30 |NP-7 | | | | ML, CL-ML | | | | | | | | |Bt, Btss | 9-43 |Clay, clay loam|CH |A-7 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|75-95 |51-70 |30-45 |Btss | 43-80 |Clay |CL, CH |A-7 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|75-95 |41-65 |25-45 | | | | | | | | | | | | AuB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Austonio------|A | 0-4 |Fine sandy loam|CL, ML, SC, |A-4 | 0 |90-100|90-100|85-95 |36-55 |20-28 | 3-10 | | | | SM | | | | | | | | |E | 4-13 |Fine sandy loam|CL, ML, SM, |A-4 | 0 |90-100|90-100|85-95 |36-55 |20-28 | 3-10 | | | | SC | | | | | | | | |Bt | 13-32 |Loam, sandy |CL |A-6 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100|51-75 |26-40 |12-24 | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |BCt | 32-51 |Fine sandy |SM, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 |98-100|95-100|80-100|40-70 | 0-28 |NP-7 | | | loam, loam | ML, CL-ML | | | | | | | | |2C | 51-80 |Loamy fine |SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|15-45 | 0-25 |NP-5 | | | sand, fine | | | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AuD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Austonio------|A | 0-3 |Fine sandy loam|CL, ML, SC, |A-4 | 0 |90-100|90-100|85-95 |36-55 |20-28 | 3-10 | | | | SM | | | | | | | | |E | 3-12 |Fine sandy loam|SM, CL, ML, |A-4 | 0 |90-100|90-100|85-95 |36-55 |20-28 | 3-10 | | | | SC | | | | | | | | |Bt | 12-30 |Loam, sandy |CL |A-6 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100|51-75 |26-40 |12-24 | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |BCt | 30-68 |Fine sandy |ML, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 |98-100|95-100|80-100|40-70 | 0-28 |NP-7 | | | loam, loam | CL-ML, SM | | | | | | | | |2C | 68-80 |Loamy fine |SC-SM, SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|15-45 | 0-25 |NP-5 | | | sand, fine | | | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 234 Soil Survey

Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | | |______Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | |Plas- Map symbol | | | | | |ments |______sieve number-- |Liquid|ticity and soil name | Horizon | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO | 3-10 | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | limit| index ______| | | | | |inches| | | | | | | __In | | | | ___Pct | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | BeA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------|A, E1 | 0-8 |Fine sandy loam|ML, SC-SM, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100|29-66 | 0-25 |NP-7 | | | | SM, CL-ML | | | | | | | | |E2 | 8-29 |Fine sandy |CL-ML, ML, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100|29-66 | 0-25 |NP-7 | | | loam, very | SC-SM, SM | | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | |Bt | 29-38 |Loam, fine |SC-SM, SM, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-100|29-66 | 0-25 |NP-7 | | | sandy loam | ML, CL-ML | | | | | | | | |Bt/E | 38-80 |Loam, sandy |CL-ML, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-100|36-75 |18-30 | 6-15 | | | clay loam | CL, SC-SM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CaA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Colita------|A, Eg | 0-11 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-100|40-60 |16-25 |NP-7 | | | | CL-ML, ML | | | | | | | | |Btg/E1 | 11-24 |Fine sandy |CL-ML, ML, |A-4 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-95 |40-65 |15-25 |NP-7 | | | loam, loamy | SC-SM, SM | | | | | | | | | | | very fine | | | | | | | | | | | | sand, very | | | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | |Btg/E2 | 24-39 |Fine sandy |ML, SC, SM, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-90 |36-55 |12-30 | 2-14 | | | loam, sandy | CL | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |Btg | 39-43 |Sandy clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-100|51-95 |20-40 | 6-20 | | | loam, clay | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, silty | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |Cr | 43-65 |Bedrock | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | CaB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Colita------|A | 0-11 |Fine sandy loam|CL-ML, ML, |A-4 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-100|40-60 |16-25 |NP-7 | | | | SC-SM, SM | | | | | | | | |E, E/B | 11-21 |Fine sandy |CL-ML, ML, |A-4 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-95 |40-65 |15-25 |NP-7 | | | loam, loamy | SC-SM, SM | | | | | | | | | | | very fine | | | | | | | | | | | | sand, very | | | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | |Btg/E | 21-40 |Fine sandy |CL, ML, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-90 |36-55 |12-30 | 2-14 | | | loam, sandy | SM | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |Btg | 40-48 |Sandy clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-100|51-95 |20-40 | 6-20 | | | loam, clay | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, silty | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |Cr | 48-65 |Bedrock | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 235

Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | | |______Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | |Plas- Map symbol | | | | | |ments |______sieve number-- |Liquid|ticity and soil name | Horizon | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO | 3-10 | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | limit| index ______| | | | | |inches| | | | | | | __In | | | | ___Pct | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | ClA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Colita------|A | 0-11 |Fine sandy loam|CL-ML, ML, |A-4 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-100|40-60 |16-25 |NP-7 | | | | SC-SM, SM | | | | | | | | |E, E/B | 11-28 |Fine sandy |SM, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-95 |40-65 |15-25 |NP-7 | | | loam, loamy | ML, CL-ML | | | | | | | | | | | very fine | | | | | | | | | | | | sand, very | | | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | |Btg/E | 28-37 |Fine sandy |ML, SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-90 |36-55 |12-30 | 2-14 | | | loam, sandy | CL | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | |Btg | 37-43 |Sandy clay |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-100|51-95 |20-40 | 6-20 | | | loam, clay | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, silty | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |Cr | 43-65 |Bedrock | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | Laska------|A, E | 0-37 |Fine sandy loam|SM |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|69-85 |40-55 |12-16 | 1-3 |Bt, Bt/E1 | 37-43 |Fine sandy |SC-SM, CL-ML,|A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|69-95 |40-75 |14-23 | 2-7 | | | loam, loam | SM | | | | | | | | |Bt/E2, BC | 43-56 |Loam, sandy |SC-SM, CL, |A-6, A-2-4, | 0 |98-100|98-100|69-85 |34-75 |14-34 | 2-13 | | | clay loam, | SC, CL-ML | A-4 | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | |Cr | 56-65 |Bedrock | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | CoB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Corrigan------|A, E | 0-4 |Loam |ML, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-100|36-55 |21-30 | 2-7 | | | | CL-ML, SM | | | | | | | | |Bt | 4-38 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|65-95 |52-76 |30-50 | | | clay | | | | | | | | | |Cr | 38-50 |Bedrock | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | CoD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Corrigan------|A, E | 0-13 |Loam |CL-ML, ML, |A-4 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-100|36-55 |21-30 | 2-7 | | | | SC-SM, SM | | | | | | | | |Bt | 13-36 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|65-95 |52-76 |30-50 | | | clay | | | | | | | | | |Cr | 36-55 |Bedrock | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | EaA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Eastham------|A1 | 0-15 |Clay |CL, CH |A-7-6 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|80-99 |45-60 |28-40 |A2, Bss | 15-40 |Clay |CH |A-7-6 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|80-99 |51-72 |34-48 |Bkss | 40-80 |Clay |CH |A-7-6 | 0 |95-100|95-100|80-98 |70-98 |60-84 |40-60 | | | | | | | | | | | | EaB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Eastham------|A1 | 0-5 |Clay |CH, CL |A-7-6 | 0-1 |95-100|95-100|85-100|80-99 |45-60 |28-40 |A2, Bss | 5-21 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7-6 | 0-1 |95-100|95-100|85-100|80-99 |51-72 |34-48 | | | clay | | | | | | | | | |Bkss, BC | 21-80 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7-6 | 0-1 |95-100|95-100|85-100|80-99 |51-72 |34-48 | | | clay | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EtB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Etoile------|A, E | 0-7 |Loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|85-95 |51-85 |16-30 |NP-7 |Bt, Btss1 | 7-38 |Clay |CH |A-7-6 | 0 |98-100|98-100|85-100|75-98 |51-76 |35-50 |Btss2 | 38-58 |Clay |CH |A-7-6 | 0 |98-100|98-100|80-100|75-98 |51-76 |35-50 |Ck, Cy | 58-80 |Clay, clay loam|CH |A-7-6 | 0 |98-100|98-100|80-100|75-98 |51-76 |35-50 | | | | | | | | | | | | 236 Soil Survey

Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | | |______Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | |Plas- Map symbol | Horizon | Depth | USDA texture | | |ments |______sieve number-- |Liquid|ticity and soil name | | | | Unified | AASHTO | 3-10 | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | limit| index ______| | | | | |inches| | | | | | | __In | | | | ___Pct | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | FuA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Fuller------|A | 0-4 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|40-60 |16-25 |NP-7 | | | | ML, CL-ML | | | | | | | | |Eg | 4-26 |Fine sandy |CL-ML, ML, |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|40-60 |16-25 |NP-7 | | | loam, very | SC-SM, SM | | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | |Btng/E | 26-44 |Loam, clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|51-75 |35-60 |15-40 | | | loam, silty | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |2C | 44-66 |Loam, clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|70-95 |36-65 |17-41 | | | loam, clay | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FuB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Fuller------|A | 0-7 |Fine sandy loam|SM, CL-ML, |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|40-60 |16-25 |NP-7 | | | | ML, SC-SM | | | | | | | | |Eg | 7-27 |Fine sandy |SM, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|40-60 |16-25 |NP-7 | | | loam, very | ML, CL-ML | | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | |Btng/E | 27-45 |Loam, clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|51-75 |35-60 |15-40 | | | loam, silty | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |2C | 45-65 |Loam, clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|70-95 |36-65 |17-41 | | | loam, clay | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GaA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Garner------|Ap | 0-3 |Clay |CL, CH |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 |95-100|95-100|67-100|65-100|34-58 |18-37 |Bw, Bss | 3-80 |Clay |CH |A-7-6 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|80-100|51-75 |31-51 | | | | | | | | | | | | GwA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Gladewater----|Ap | 0-11 |Clay |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|80-95 |48-75 |25-50 |Bg, Bssg1 | 11-64 |Clay |CH |A-7 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|51-75 |30-50 |Bssg2 | 64-80 |Clay |CH |A-7 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100|51-75 |30-50 | | | | | | | | | | | | HaA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Hainesville---|A | 0-7 |Loamy fine sand|SC-SM, SM |A-2-4 | 0 |98-100|95-100|85-100|15-35 | 0-25 |NP-7 |Bw, Bw/E | 7-80 |Fine sand, |SC-SM, SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 |98-100|95-100|80-100|13-45 | 0-25 |NP-7 | | | loamy fine | | | | | | | | | | | | sand | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HeA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Herty------|A, E | 0-8 |Loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|51-90 |18-35 | 4-15 |Bt | 8-18 |Silty clay, |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|75-95 |30-50 |15-32 | | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |Btss | 18-47 |Clay, silty |CL, CH |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|75-95 |36-53 |20-35 | | | clay | | | | | | | | | |2Cy | 47-80 |Clay loam, clay|CH |A-7-6 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|65-95 |51-75 |30-50 | | | | | | | | | | | | HeB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Herty------|A, E | 0-8 |Loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|51-90 |18-35 | 4-15 |Bt | 8-23 |Silty clay, |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|75-95 |30-50 |15-32 | | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |Btss | 23-48 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|75-95 |36-53 |20-35 | | | clay | | | | | | | | | |2Cy | 48-80 |Clay loam, clay|CH |A-7-6 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|65-95 |51-75 |30-50 | | | | | | | | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 237

Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | | |______Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | |Plas- Map symbol | | | | | |ments |______sieve number-- |Liquid|ticity and soil name | Horizon | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO | 3-10 | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | limit| index ______| | | | | |inches| | | | | | | __In | | | | ___Pct | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | KcD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Kellison------|A, E | 0-3 |Loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|51-90 |18-35 | 4-15 |Bt | 3-12 |Clay loam, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 100 |98-100|90-100|70-95 |36-53 |20-35 | | | silty clay, | | | | | | | | | | | | clay | | | | | | | | | |Btss | 12-40 |Silty clay, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 100 |98-100|90-100|75-95 |36-60 |20-40 | | | clay | | | | | | | | | |C, C/B | 40-50 |Clay loam, clay|CH, CL |A-7-6 | 0 |98-100|95-100|90-100|70-95 |48-75 |28-50 | | | | | | | | | | | | KeB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Keltys------|A | 0-6 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|85-100|36-61 |16-30 | 1-8 | | | | CL-ML, ML | | | | | | | | |E | 6-14 |Fine sandy |CL-ML, ML, |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|85-100|36-61 |16-30 | 1-8 | | | loam, loamy | SC-SM, SM | | | | | | | | | | | very fine sand| | | | | | | | | |Bt/E, E/B | 14-56 |Fine sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|85-100|36-61 |20-30 | 4-10 | | | loam, sandy | SC, SC-SM | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | |2C | 56-86 |Sandy clay |SC, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|45-80 |34-46 |14-25 | | | loam, clay | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KeD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Keltys------|A | 0-8 |Fine sandy loam|CL-ML, SC-SM,|A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|85-100|36-61 |16-30 | 1-8 | | | | SM, ML | | | | | | | | |E | 8-17 |Fine sandy |SM, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|85-100|36-61 |16-30 | 1-8 | | | loam, loamy | ML, CL-ML | | | | | | | | | | | very fine sand| | | | | | | | | |Bt/E, E/B | 17-53 |Fine sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|85-100|36-61 |20-30 | 4-10 | | | loam, sandy | CL-ML, CL | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | |2C | 53-80 |Sandy clay |SC, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|45-80 |34-46 |14-25 | | | loam, clay | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KiB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Kitterll------|A | 0-15 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 |90-100|90-100|60-90 |36-65 |16-25 |NP-7 | | | | CL-ML, ML | | | | | | | | |Cr | 15-26 |Bedrock | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | KiD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Kitterll------|A | 0-12 |Fine sandy loam|SM, ML, CL- |A-4 | 0 |90-100|90-100|60-90 |36-65 |16-25 |NP-7 | | | | ML, SC-SM | | | | | | | | |Cr | 12-15 |Bedrock | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | Browndell-----|A, E | 0-6 |Fine sandy loam|CL-ML, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-15 |90-100|85-100|70-85 |40-55 |21-30 | 4-11 | | | | SC-SM, CL | | | | | | | | |Bt | 6-16 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 |85-100|85-100|80-100|75-95 |52-76 |30-50 | | | clay | | | | | | | | | |Cr | 16-24 |Bedrock | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | Kp: | | | | | | | | | | | | Koury------|A | 0-7 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|55-95 |20-31 | 3-10 |Bw, Bg | 7-32 |Loam, silt |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|65-95 |20-31 | 3-11 | | | loam, very | | | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | |Ab, Bb | 32-84 |Loam, silt |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|65-95 |20-40 | 4-20 | | | loam, silty | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 238 Soil Survey

Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | | |______Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | |Plas- Map symbol | | | | | |ments |______sieve number-- |Liquid|ticity and soil name | Horizon | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO | 3-10 | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | limit| index ______| | | | | |inches| | | | | | | __In | | | | ___Pct | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | KuB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Kurth------|A | 0-7 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|85-100|25-50 |16-30 |NP-7 |E | 7-17 |Fine sandy loam|SC-SM, SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|85-100|25-50 |16-30 |NP-7 |Bt/E | 17-37 |Fine sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 |98-100|96-100|85-100|40-80 |23-38 | 7-15 | | | loam, sandy | SC, SC-SM | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |2Btg | 37-57 |Clay loam, clay|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 |98-100|96-100|85-100|60-90 |38-47 |15-20 |2C, 2CB | 57-79 |Fine sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 |98-100|95-100|85-100|40-70 |21-34 | 6-13 | | | loam, sandy | SC-SM, SC | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KuD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Kurth------|A | 0-2 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|85-100|25-50 |16-30 |NP-7 |E | 2-22 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|85-100|25-50 |16-30 |NP-7 |Bt/E | 22-37 |Fine sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 |98-100|96-100|85-100|40-80 |23-38 | 7-15 | | | loam, sandy | SC, SC-SM | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |2Btg | 37-49 |Clay loam, clay|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 |98-100|96-100|85-100|60-90 |38-47 |15-20 |2C, 2CB | 49-80 |Fine sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 |98-100|95-100|85-100|40-70 |21-34 | 6-13 | | | loam, sandy | SC, SC-SM | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LaB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Laska------|A, E | 0-24 |Fine sandy loam|SM |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|69-85 |40-55 |12-16 | 1-3 |Bt, Bt/E1 | 24-41 |Fine sandy |SC-SM, SM, |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|69-95 |40-75 |14-23 | 2-7 | | | loam, loam | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |Bt/E2, BC | 41-63 |Loam, sandy |SC, CL, CL- |A-6, A-2-4, | 0 |98-100|98-100|69-85 |34-75 |14-34 | 2-13 | | | clay loam, | ML, SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | |2Cr | 63-70 |Bedrock | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | LeB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Latex------|A, E | 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|CL-ML, SC, |A-4 | 0 |99-100|96-100|90-100|45-75 |19-30 | 2-9 | | | | SC-SM, SM | | | | | | | | |Bt | 10-49 |Loam, clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 |99-100|95-100|90-100|51-80 |20-40 | 6-25 | | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |Bt/E | 49-58 |Loam, clay |SC-SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-2 |75-100|64-98 |62-95 |41-80 |20-40 | 6-25 | | | loam, sandy | CL-ML, CL | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |2Bt/E | 58-80 |Clay, silty |CL, CH |A-7-6 | 0 |99-100|95-100|90-100|75-98 |41-70 |20-43 | | | clay, clay | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LnB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Letney------|A, E | 0-24 |Loamy sand |SP-SM, SM |A-2 | 0 |95-100|95-100|50-75 |10-30 |16-20 |NP-3 |Bt | 24-80 |Sandy clay |SC-SM, SC |A-4, A-6 | 0 |95-100|95-100|65-90 |36-50 |20-40 | 5-20 | | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 239

Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | | |______Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | |Plas- Map symbol | | | | | |ments |______sieve number-- |Liquid|ticity and soil name | Horizon | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO | 3-10 | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | limit| index ______| | | | | |inches| | | | | | | __In | | | | ___Pct | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | LvC: | | | | | | | | | | | | Lovelady------|A | 0-6 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 |95-100|95-100|65-95 |15-35 | 0-20 |NP-3 |E | 6-32 |Loamy sand, |SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 |95-100|95-100|65-95 |15-35 | 0-20 |NP-3 | | | loamy fine | | | | | | | | | | | | sand | | | | | | | | | |Bt/E | 32-55 |Fine sandy |CL, SC, SC-SM|A-4, A-6 | 0-2 |98-100|90-100|70-95 |35-60 |20-40 | 5-20 | | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |2Bt | 55-80 |Fine sandy |CH, CL, SC |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 |90-100|90-100|75-99 |35-60 |26-52 |11-30 | | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | sandy clay, | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LvD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Lovelady------|A | 0-4 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 |95-100|95-100|65-95 |15-35 | 0-20 |NP-3 |E | 4-38 |Loamy sand, |SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 |95-100|95-100|65-95 |15-35 | 0-20 |NP-3 | | | loamy fine | | | | | | | | | | | | sand | | | | | | | | | |Bt/E | 38-42 |Fine sandy |CL, SC, SC-SM|A-4, A-6 | 0-2 |98-100|90-100|70-95 |35-60 |20-40 | 5-20 | | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |2Bt | 42-79 |Fine sandy |SC, CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 |90-100|90-100|75-99 |35-60 |26-52 |11-30 | | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | sandy clay, | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MpA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Mollville-----|A, Eg | 0-5 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-100|50-80 |20-35 | 3-15 |Btg/E | 5-72 |Sandy clay |CL, SC |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|45-75 |25-40 | 8-22 | | | loam, loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |2Cg | 72-80 |Loamy fine |SM, CL-ML, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 |95-100|95-100|70-95 |15-68 | 0-25 |NP-6 | | | sand, fine | ML, SC-SM | | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------|A, E1 | 0-24 |Fine sandy loam|SC-SM, SM, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100|29-66 | 0-25 |NP-7 | | | | CL-ML, ML | | | | | | | | |E2 | 24-36 |Fine sandy |CL-ML, ML, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100|29-66 | 0-25 |NP-7 | | | loam, very | SC-SM, SM | | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | |Bt | 36-48 |Loam, fine |SM, CL-ML, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-100|29-66 | 0-25 |NP-7 | | | sandy loam | ML, SC-SM | | | | | | | | |Bt/E | 48-85 |Loam, sandy |CL-ML, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-100|36-75 |18-30 | 6-15 | | | clay loam | SC-SM, CL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MsB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Moswell------|A, E | 0-9 |Loam |ML |A-4 | 0 |97-100|95-100|80-95 |51-70 | 0-30 |NP-7 |Bt | 9-15 |Clay |CH |A-7 | 0 |97-100|95-100|90-100|85-99 |65-95 |35-65 |Btss | 15-45 |Clay |CH |A-7 | 0 |97-100|95-100|90-100|85-99 |70-95 |40-65 |Cy, C | 45-80 |Clay |CH |A-7 | 0 |97-100|95-100|90-100|85-99 |70-95 |55-70 | | | | | | | | | | | | MsE: | | | | | | | | | | | | Moswell------|A, E | 0-6 |Loam |ML |A-4 | 0 |97-100|95-100|80-95 |51-70 | 0-30 |NP-7 |Bt | 6-16 |Clay |CH |A-7 | 0 |97-100|95-100|90-100|85-99 |65-95 |35-65 |Btss | 16-47 |Clay |CH |A-7 | 0 |97-100|95-100|90-100|85-99 |70-95 |40-65 |Cy, C | 47-80 |Clay |CH |A-7 | 0 |97-100|95-100|90-100|85-99 |70-95 |55-70 | | | | | | | | | | | | 240 Soil Survey

Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | | |______Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | |Plas- Map symbol | | | | | |ments |______sieve number-- |Liquid|ticity and soil name | Horizon | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO | 3-10 | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | limit| index ______| | | | | |inches| | | | | | | __In | | | | ___Pct | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | MxA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Moten------|A | 0-3 |Silt loam |SM, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|40-65 | 0-20 |NP-7 | | | | ML, CL-ML | | | | | | | | |E, E/Bt | 3-20 |Fine sandy |SM, ML |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|95-100|40-65 | 0-30 |NP-7 | | | loam, loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | silt loam | | | | | | | | | |Bt/E | 20-45 |Fine sandy |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 |98-100|98-100|90-100|51-80 |18-30 | 4-12 | | | loam, loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | silt loam | | | | | | | | | |2C, 2Bt/C | 45-80 |Very fine sandy|CL-ML, SC, |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 |98-100|98-100|85-100|40-90 |20-50 | 5-20 | | | loam, silt | SC-SM, CL | | | | | | | | | | | loam, clay | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Multey------|A | 0-4 |Fine sandy loam|SM, ML |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|90-100|40-60 | 0-30 |NP-7 |E | 4-26 |Fine sandy |SM, ML |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|90-100|40-60 | 0-30 |NP-7 | | | loam, very | | | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | |E/Bt | 26-35 |Fine sandy |CL, SC-SM, |A-4, A-6 | 0 |98-100|98-100|90-100|45-65 |22-34 | 5-15 | | | loam, very | SC, CL-ML | | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | |Bt/E | 35-80 |Fine sandy |CL, ML, SC- |A-2-4, A-2-6,| 0 |98-100|95-100|60-100|30-80 |20-40 | 3-18 | | | loam, sandy | SM, CL-ML | A-4, A-6 | | | | | | | | | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Oz: | | | | | | | | | | | | Ozias------|A | 0-9 |Clay |CL, CH |A-7 | 0 |99-100|98-100|97-100|85-100|45-70 |20-40 |Bssg | 9-44 |Silty clay |CL, CH |A-7 | 0 |99-100|98-100|97-100|85-100|45-70 |20-40 | | | loam, silty | | | | | | | | | | | | clay, clay | | | | | | | | | |Bg | 44-84 |Sandy clay, |SC, CH |A-7-6 | 0 |99-100|98-100|83-100|44-95 |51-76 |29-49 | | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | clay | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pophers------|A | 0-18 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 |98-100|98-100|96-100|85-100|25-45 |11-25 |Bg | 18-47 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 |98-100|98-100|96-100|80-98 |25-45 |11-29 | | | loam, silt | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | |Bgb | 47-80 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 |98-100|98-100|96-100|80-98 |25-49 |12-30 | | | loam, clay | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, silt | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PeB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Penning------|A | 0-3 |Very fine sandy|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100|60-85 |16-25 | 3-10 | | | loam | | | | | | | | | |E | 3-15 |Very fine sandy|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100|60-85 |16-25 | 3-10 | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | |Bt/E | 15-48 |Very fine sandy|CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 |98-100|95-100|90-100|65-90 |20-35 | 4-15 | | | loam, loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | sandy clay | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | |Bt/E | 48-58 |Loam, sandy |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6, A- | 0 |98-100|95-100|90-100|65-90 |25-45 | 6-22 | | | clay loam | | 7-6 | | | | | | | |2C | 58-72 |Clay loam, clay|CL, CH |A-7-6 | 0 |98-100|95-100|90-100|70-99 |41-65 |22-40 | | | | | | | | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 241

Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | | |______Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | |Plas- Map symbol | | | | | |ments |______sieve number-- |Liquid|ticity and soil name | Horizon | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO | 3-10 | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | limit| index ______| | | | | |inches| | | | | | | __In | | | | ___Pct | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | Po: | | | | | | | | | | | | Pophers------|A | 0-4 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 |98-100|98-100|96-100|85-100|25-45 |11-25 |Bg | 4-80 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 |98-100|98-100|96-100|80-98 |25-45 |11-29 | | | loam, silt | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RbB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Rayburn------|A, E | 0-4 |Fine sandy loam|CL-ML, ML, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-99 |25-65 |16-25 |NP-7 | | | | SC-SM, SM | | | | | | | | |Btss | 4-29 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|75-95 |51-80 |25-50 | | | clay | | | | | | | | | |Cr | 29-45 |Bedrock | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | RwB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Rosenwall-----|A, E | 0-8 |Fine sandy loam|CL-ML, SM, |A-4 | 0 |95-100|95-100|75-95 |45-70 |16-30 |NP-7 | | | | SC-SM, ML | | | | | | | | |Bt | 8-24 |Clay |CH |A-7 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|75-95 |60-75 |30-41 |Cr | 24-58 |Bedrock | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | RwD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Rosenwall-----|A, E | 0-3 |Fine sandy loam|CL-ML, SM, |A-4 | 0 |95-100|95-100|75-95 |45-70 |16-30 |NP-7 | | | | SC-SM, ML | | | | | | | | |Bt | 3-28 |Clay |CH |A-7 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|75-95 |60-75 |30-41 |Cr | 28-45 |Bedrock | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | SsA: | | | | | | | | | | | | Sawlit------|A, E | 0-7 |Loam |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 |96-100|95-100|85-100|51-75 |18-30 |NP-10 |Bt | 7-11 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 |96-100|95-100|85-100|60-85 |20-40 | 5-20 | | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |Bt/E | 11-29 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 |96-100|95-100|85-100|65-90 |24-40 | 6-22 | | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |2Bt | 29-61 |Clay loam, clay|CL, CH |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 |96-100|95-100|85-100|65-95 |39-65 |20-45 |2BC | 61-80 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 |96-100|95-100|85-100|65-90 |24-40 | 6-22 | | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sawtown------|A | 0-5 |Fine sandy loam|SC-SM, SM, ML|A-4 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|45-75 | 0-25 |NP-4 |E | 5-8 |Fine sandy |ML, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-100|45-80 | 0-25 |NP-6 | | | loam, very | SM, CL-ML | | | | | | | | | | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | | |Bt, Bt/E | 8-43 |Loam, sandy |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|55-85 |24-40 | 6-22 | | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | |2Bt | 43-65 |Clay loam, clay|CH, CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|65-95 |39-65 |20-45 |2BC | 65-80 |Fine sandy |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|55-85 |24-40 | 6-22 | | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | | | clay loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | StD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Stringtown----|A, E | 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|CL-ML, SC-SM,|A-4 | 0-1 |90-100|85-100|70-85 |36-55 |16-30 |NP-7 | | | | SM, ML | | | | | | | | |Bt, BC | 10-51 |Sandy clay |SC, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 |80-100|70-100|65-100|36-65 |20-40 | 8-20 | | | loam, clay | | | | | | | | | | | | loam, fine | | | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam | | | | | | | | | |C | 51-80 |Variable | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | 242 Soil Survey

Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | | |______Classification |Frag- | Percentage passing | |Plas- Map symbol | | | | | |ments |______sieve number-- |Liquid|ticity and soil name | Horizon | Depth | USDA texture | Unified | AASHTO | 3-10 | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | limit| index ______| | | | | |inches| | | | | | | __In | | | | ___Pct | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | TeD: | | | | | | | | | | | | Tehran------|A, E | 0-45 |Loamy sand |SM |A-2-4 | 0 |95-100|95-100|50-80 |15-30 |16-20 |NP-3 |Bt | 45-80 |Sandy clay |SC, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-2-6,| 0 |95-100|95-100|60-80 |24-50 |20-37 | 5-16 | | | loam, sandy | | A-4, A-6 | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Urland------|A, E, AB | 0-5 |Fine sandy loam|SM |A-4 | 0-2 |85-100|85-98 |65-90 |36-50 | 0-25 |NP-4 |Bt | 5-43 |Clay, sandy |CH, CL, MH, |A-7-6 | 0 |95-100|85-100|85-99 |51-75 |41-60 |15-30 | | | clay, clay | ML | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | |Bt/C | 43-58 |Sandy clay |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 |95-100|85-100|85-99 |36-70 |20-40 | 4-20 | | | loam, clay | SC, SC-SM | | | | | | | | | | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | | | | | | loam | | | | | | | | | |C | 58-72 |Variable | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | W. | | | | | | | | | | | | Water | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WnB: | | | | | | | | | | | | Woden------|A, E | 0-12 |Fine sandy loam|ML, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|70-85 |40-65 | 0-23 |NP-7 | | | | SM, CL-ML | | | | | | | | |Bt | 12-80 |Fine sandy |SM, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 |98-100|98-100|70-85 |40-65 | 0-23 |NP-7 | | | loam, loam | ML, CL-ML | | | | | | | | ______| | | | | | | | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 243

Table 15.--Physical Properties of the Soils

(Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under "Wind erodibility group" and "Wind erodibility index" apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated.)

______| | | | | | | | |Erosion______factors|Wind |Wind Map symbol | | | | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic| | | |erodi-|erodi- and soil name | Horizon | Depth | Clay | bulk | bility | water |extensi-|matter | Kw | Kf | T |bility|bility ______| | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | | | |group |index | | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | ___Pct | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AaB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Alazan------|A, E | 0-4 | 5-15|1.40-1.65|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.16|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .32 | 5 | 3 | 86 |Bt/E | 4-80 | 18-25|1.45-1.70|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .37 | .28 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AbA: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Alazan------|A, E | 0-18 | 5-15|1.40-1.65|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.16|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .32 | 5 | 3 | 86 |Bt/E | 18-80 | 18-25|1.45-1.70|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .37 | .28 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------|A, E1 | 0-8 | 4-15|1.20-1.40|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.16|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .24 | .24 | 5 | 3 | 86 |E2 | 8-29 | 4-17|1.20-1.40|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.16|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .24 | .24 | | | |Bt | 29-38 | 8-18|1.30-1.50|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Bt/E | 38-80 | 10-25|1.30-1.50|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AnB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Annona------|A,E | 0-9 | 5-18|1.20-1.40|0.57-1.98 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.1-2.0| .37 | .37 | 5 | 3 | 86 |Bt, Btss | 9-43 | 40-60|1.30-1.50|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Btss | 43-80 | 40-60|1.30-1.50|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AuB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Austonio-----|A | 0-4 | 5-15|1.25-1.40|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .20 | .20 | 5 | 3 | 86 |E | 4-13 | 5-15|1.25-1.40|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Bt | 13-32 | 18-30|1.35-1.60|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.16|3.0-5.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |BCt | 32-51 | 5-18|1.35-1.60|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.16|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |2C | 51-80 | 3-15|1.45-1.65|1.98-5.95 |0.07-0.12|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .20 | .20 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AuD: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Austonio-----|A | 0-3 | 5-15|1.25-1.40|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .20 | .20 | 5 | 3 | 86 |E | 3-12 | 5-15|1.25-1.40|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Bt | 12-30 | 18-30|1.35-1.60|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.16|3.0-5.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |BCt | 30-68 | 5-18|1.35-1.60|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.16|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |2C | 68-80 | 3-15|1.45-1.65|1.98-5.95 |0.07-0.12|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .20 | .20 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BeA: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------|A, E1 | 0-8 | 4-15|1.20-1.40|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.16|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .24 | .24 | 5 | 3 | 86 |E2 | 8-29 | 4-17|1.20-1.40|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.16|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .24 | .24 | | | |Bt | 29-38 | 8-18|1.30-1.50|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Bt/E | 38-80 | 10-25|1.30-1.50|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CaA: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Colita------|A, Eg | 0-11 | 5-15|1.40-1.60|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 4 | 3 | 86 |Btg/E1 | 11-24 | 5-15|1.50-1.70|1.98-5.95 |0.09-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.3-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | |Btg/E2 | 24-39 | 18-30|1.50-1.70|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.17|0.0-2.9 |0.3-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | |Btg | 39-43 | 20-35|1.50-1.60|0.57-1.98 |0.13-0.20|3.0-5.9 |0.3-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Cr | 43-65 | --- |1.20-1.40|0.20-1.98 | --- | --- |0.3-1.0| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CaB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Colita------|A | 0-11 | 5-15|1.40-1.60|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 4 | 3 | 86 |E, E/B | 11-21 | 5-15|1.50-1.70|1.98-5.95 |0.09-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.3-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | |Btg/E | 21-40 | 18-30|1.50-1.70|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.17|0.0-2.9 |0.3-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | |Btg | 40-48 | 20-35|1.50-1.60|0.57-1.98 |0.13-0.20|3.0-5.9 |0.3-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Cr | 48-65 | --- |1.20-1.40|0.20-1.98 | --- | --- |0.3-1.0| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ClA: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Colita------|A | 0-11 | 5-15|1.40-1.60|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 4 | 3 | 86 |E, E/B | 11-28 | 5-15|1.50-1.70|1.98-5.95 |0.09-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.3-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | |Btg/E | 28-37 | 18-30|1.50-1.70|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.17|0.0-2.9 |0.3-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | |Btg | 37-43 | 20-35|1.50-1.60|0.57-1.98 |0.13-0.20|3.0-5.9 |0.3-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Cr | 43-65 | --- |1.20-1.40|0.20-1.98 | --- | --- |0.3-1.0| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 244 Soil Survey

Table 15.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | | | | | | |Erosion______factors|Wind |Wind Map symbol | | | | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic| | | |erodi-|erodi- and soil name | Horizon | Depth | Clay | bulk | bility | water |extensi-|matter | Kw | Kf | T |bility|bility ______| | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | | | |group |index | | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | ___Pct | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ClA: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Laska------|A, E | 0-37 | 5-10|1.30-1.50|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.2-1.0| .32 | .32 | 5 | 3 | 86 |Bt, Bt/E1| 37-43 | 8-18|1.30-1.50|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.2-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Bt/E2, BC| 43-56 | 8-30|1.35-1.60|1.98-5.95 |0.07-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.2-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Cr | 56-65 | --- |1.20-1.40|0.20-1.98 | --- | --- |0.3-1.0| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CoB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Corrigan-----|A, E | 0-4 | 5-15|1.20-1.45|0.57-1.98 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.5-3.0| .43 | .43 | 3 | 3 | 86 |Bt | 4-38 | 40-60|1.20-1.35|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Cr | 38-50 | --- | --- |0.06-0.57 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CoD: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Corrigan-----|A, E | 0-13 | 5-15|1.20-1.45|0.57-1.98 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.5-3.0| .43 | .43 | 3 | 3 | 86 |Bt | 13-36 | 40-60|1.20-1.35|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Cr | 36-55 | --- | --- |0.06-0.57 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EaA: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Eastham------|A1 | 0-15 | 40-60|1.25-1.45|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |1.0-3.0| .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86 |A2, Bss | 15-40 | 40-60|1.30-1.50|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.5-2.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Bkss | 40-80 | 40-60|1.35-1.55|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EaB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Eastham------|A1 | 0-5 | 35-45|1.25-1.45|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.17|6.0-8.9 |1.0-3.0| .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86 |A2, Bss | 5-21 | 40-60|1.30-1.45|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.17|6.0-8.9 |1.0-3.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Bkss, BC | 21-80 | 40-60|1.30-1.45|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.17|6.0-8.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EtB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Etoile------|A,E | 0-7 | 10-25|1.35-1.55|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.17|0.0-2.9 |0.3-2.0| .43 | .43 | 5 | 5 | 86 |Bt, Btss1| 7-38 | 40-60|1.35-1.50|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.2-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Btss2 | 38-58 | 40-60|1.35-1.50|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.1-0.5| .32 | .32 | | | |Ck, Cy | 58-80 | 40-60|1.35-1.60|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.1-0.5| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FuA: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fuller------|A | 0-4 | 3-15|1.20-1.35|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.18|0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .49 | .49 | 3 | 3 | 86 |Eg | 4-26 | 3-15|1.40-1.65|0.57-1.98 |0.10-0.17|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .49 | .49 | | | |Btng/E | 26-44 | 18-35|1.30-1.55|0.00-0.06 |0.11-0.20|6.0-8.9 |0.1-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | |2C | 44-66 | 20-50|1.20-1.45|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.20|6.0-8.9 |0.1-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FuB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fuller------|A | 0-7 | 3-15|1.20-1.35|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.18|0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .49 | .49 | 3 | 3 | 86 |Eg | 7-27 | 3-15|1.40-1.65|0.57-1.98 |0.10-0.17|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .49 | .49 | | | |Btng/E | 27-45 | 18-35|1.30-1.55|0.00-0.06 |0.11-0.20|6.0-8.9 |0.1-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | |2C | 45-65 | 20-50|1.20-1.45|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.20|6.0-8.9 |0.1-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GaA: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Garner------|Ap | 0-3 | 40-55|1.20-1.45|0.06-0.20 |0.12-0.17|6.0-8.9 |1.0-4.0| .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86 |Bw, Bss | 3-80 | 50-60|1.30-1.50|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.17|6.0-8.9 |0.2-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GwA: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gladewater---|Ap | 0-11 | 50-75|1.20-1.40|0.06-0.20 |0.15-0.20|9.0-25.0|1.0-3.0| .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86 |Bg, Bssg1| 11-64 | 60-75|1.20-1.40|0.00-0.06 |0.15-0.18|9.0-25.0|0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Bssg2 | 64-80 | 60-75|1.20-1.40|0.00-0.06 |0.15-0.18|9.0-25.0|0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HaA: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hainesville--|A | 0-7 | 3-8 |1.50-1.70|5.95-19.98|0.05-0.10|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .20 | .20 | 5 | 2 | 134 |Bw, Bw/E | 7-80 | 2-10|1.50-1.70|5.95-19.98|0.04-0.10|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .20 | .20 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HeA: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Herty------|A, E | 0-8 | 6-15|1.20-1.40|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .43 | .49 | 5 | 3 | 86 |Bt | 8-18 | 35-45|1.40-1.60|0.06-0.20 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.1-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | |Btss | 18-47 | 40-70|1.20-1.50|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.1-0.5| .37 | .37 | | | |2Cy | 47-80 | 35-70|1.15-1.35|0.00-0.06 |0.10-0.16|6.0-8.9 |0.1-0.4| .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 245

Table 15.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | | | | | | |Erosion______factors|Wind |Wind Map symbol | | | | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic| | | |erodi-|erodi- and soil name | Horizon | Depth | Clay | bulk | bility | water |extensi-|matter | Kw | Kf | T |bility|bility ______| | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | | | |group |index | | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | ___Pct | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HeB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Herty------|A, E | 0-8 | 6-15|1.20-1.40|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .43 | .49 | 5 | 3 | 86 |Bt | 8-23 | 35-45|1.40-1.60|0.06-0.20 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.1-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | |Btss | 23-48 | 40-70|1.20-1.50|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.1-0.5| .37 | .37 | | | |2Cy | 48-80 | 35-70|1.15-1.35|0.00-0.06 |0.10-0.16|6.0-8.9 |0.1-0.4| .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KcD: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kellison-----|A, E | 0-3 | 8-12|1.20-1.40|0.57-1.98 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |1.0-4.0| .49 | .49 | 5 | 3 | 86 |Bt | 3-12 | 35-50|1.35-1.55|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.17|6.0-8.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | | | |Btss | 12-40 | 45-70|1.40-1.60|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.17|6.0-8.9 |0.1-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | |C, C/B | 40-50 | 35-70|1.45-1.65|0.00-0.06 |0.08-0.12|6.0-8.9 |0.1-0.5| .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KeB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Keltys------|A | 0-6 | 4-8 |1.30-1.50|0.57-1.98 |0.10-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .32 | .32 | 4 | 3 | 86 |E | 6-14 | 4-8 |1.35-1.60|0.57-1.98 |0.10-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.3-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Bt/E, E/B| 14-56 | 6-20|1.40-1.65|0.06-0.20 |0.11-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.3-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |2C | 56-86 | 25-38|1.50-1.70|0.00-0.06 |0.06-0.10|0.0-2.9 |0.3-1.0| .43 | .43 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KeD: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Keltys------|A | 0-8 | 4-8 |1.30-1.50|0.57-1.98 |0.10-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .32 | .32 | 4 | 3 | 86 |E | 8-17 | 4-8 |1.35-1.60|0.57-1.98 |0.10-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.3-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Bt/E, E/B| 17-53 | 6-20|1.40-1.65|0.06-0.20 |0.11-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.3-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |2C | 53-80 | 25-38|1.50-1.70|0.00-0.06 |0.06-0.10|0.0-2.9 |0.3-1.0| .43 | .43 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KiB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kitterll-----|A | 0-15 | 10-25|1.40-1.65|0.57-1.98 |0.11-0.17|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 1 | 3 | 86 |Cr | 15-26 | --- | --- |0.06-0.57 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KiD: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kitterll-----|A | 0-12 | 10-25|1.40-1.65|0.57-1.98 |0.11-0.17|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 1 | 3 | 86 |Cr | 12-15 | --- | --- |0.06-0.57 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Browndell----|A, E | 0-6 | 8-20|1.20-1.40|0.57-1.98 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .43 | .32 | 2 | 3 | 86 |Bt | 6-16 | 40-60|1.30-1.50|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.3-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Cr | 16-24 | --- | --- |0.06-0.57 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kp: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Koury------|A | 0-7 | 6-17|1.40-1.60|0.20-0.57 |0.12-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .49 | .49 | 5 | 6 | 48 |Bw, Bg | 7-32 | 6-17|1.45-1.65|0.20-0.57 |0.12-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.1-0.5| .49 | .49 | | | |Ab, Bb | 32-84 | 6-35|1.45-1.65|0.20-0.57 |0.12-0.20|0.0-2.9 |0.1-0.5| .49 | .49 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KuB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kurth------|A | 0-7 | 3-10|1.30-1.45|0.57-1.98 |0.10-0.16|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .28 | 5 | 3 | 86 |E | 7-17 | 3-10|1.35-1.50|0.57-1.98 |0.10-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .28 | .28 | | | |Bt/E | 17-37 | 18-35|1.50-1.65|0.57-1.98 |0.11-0.17|3.0-5.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |2Btg | 37-57 | 35-45|1.45-1.60|0.20-0.57 |0.12-0.18|3.0-5.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |2C, 2CB | 57-79 | 15-30|1.60-1.70|0.06-0.20 |0.09-0.14|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KuD: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kurth------|A | 0-2 | 3-10|1.30-1.45|0.57-1.98 |0.10-0.16|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .28 | 5 | 3 | 86 |E | 2-22 | 3-10|1.35-1.50|0.57-1.98 |0.10-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .28 | .28 | | | |Bt/E | 22-37 | 18-35|1.50-1.65|0.57-1.98 |0.11-0.17|3.0-5.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |2Btg | 37-49 | 35-45|1.45-1.60|0.20-0.57 |0.12-0.18|3.0-5.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |2C, 2CB | 49-80 | 15-30|1.60-1.70|0.06-0.20 |0.09-0.14|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LaB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Laska------|A, E | 0-24 | 5-10|1.30-1.50|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.2-1.0| .32 | .32 | 5 | 3 | 86 |Bt, Bt/E1| 24-41 | 8-18|1.30-1.50|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.2-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Bt/E2, BC| 41-63 | 8-30|1.35-1.60|1.98-5.95 |0.07-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.2-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |2Cr | 63-70 | --- |1.20-1.40|0.20-1.98 | --- | --- |0.3-1.0| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 246 Soil Survey

Table 15.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | | | | | | |Erosion______factors|Wind |Wind Map symbol | | | | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic| | | |erodi-|erodi- and soil name | Horizon | Depth | Clay | bulk | bility | water |extensi-|matter | Kw | Kf | T |bility|bility ______| | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | | | |group |index | | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | ___Pct | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LeB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Latex------|A, E | 0-10 | 2-18|1.28-1.45|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.16|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 5 | 3 | 86 |Bt | 10-49 | 18-35|1.28-1.45|0.57-1.98 |0.11-0.18|3.0-5.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Bt/E | 49-58 | 18-35|1.30-1.45|0.57-1.98 |0.13-0.18|3.0-5.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |2Bt/E | 58-80 | 35-55|1.30-1.65|0.06-0.20 |0.12-0.17|6.0-8.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LnB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Letney------|A, E | 0-24 | 2-8 |1.50-1.65|5.95-19.98|0.06-0.10|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .20 | .20 | 5 | 2 | 134 |Bt | 24-80 | 18-35|1.55-1.70|1.98-5.95 |0.12-0.17|0.0-2.9 |0.1-0.5| .24 | .24 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LvC: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Lovelady-----|A | 0-6 | 2-8 |1.35-1.50|5.95-19.98|0.05-0.10|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .20 | .20 | 5 | 2 | 134 |E | 6-32 | 2-8 |1.35-1.55|5.95-19.98|0.05-0.10|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .20 | .20 | | | |Bt/E | 32-55 | 15-30|1.30-1.45|0.57-1.98 |0.10-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |2Bt | 55-80 | 18-40|1.35-1.65|0.20-0.57 |0.13-0.17|3.0-5.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LvD: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Lovelady-----|A | 0-4 | 2-8 |1.35-1.50|5.95-19.98|0.05-0.10|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .20 | .20 | 5 | 2 | 134 |E | 4-38 | 2-8 |1.35-1.55|5.95-19.98|0.05-0.10|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .20 | .20 | | | |Bt/E | 38-42 | 15-30|1.30-1.45|0.57-1.98 |0.10-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |2Bt | 42-79 | 18-40|1.35-1.65|0.20-0.57 |0.13-0.17|3.0-5.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MpA: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mollville----|A, Eg | 0-5 | 16-20|1.40-1.65|0.20-0.57 |0.15-0.20|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .37 | .37 | 5 | 5 | 56 |Btg/E | 5-72 | 20-35|1.50-1.69|0.06-0.20 |0.12-0.17|3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 | | | |2Cg | 72-80 | 3-12|1.50-1.65|1.98-5.95 |0.07-0.11|0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .20 | .20 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------|A, E1 | 0-24 | 4-15|1.20-1.40|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.16|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .24 | .24 | 5 | 3 | 86 |E2 | 24-36 | 4-17|1.20-1.40|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.16|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .24 | .24 | | | |Bt | 36-48 | 8-18|1.30-1.50|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Bt/E | 48-85 | 10-25|1.30-1.50|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MsB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Moswell------|A, E | 0-9 | 5-15|1.25-1.40|0.57-1.98 |0.13-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.5-3.0| .37 | .49 | 5 | 5 | 56 |Bt | 9-15 | 60-70|1.20-1.40|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.2-2.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Btss | 15-45 | 60-70|1.20-1.40|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.2-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Cy, C | 45-80 | 60-75|1.20-1.40|0.00-0.06 |0.10-0.15|6.0-8.9 |0.1-0.5| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MsE: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Moswell------|A, E | 0-6 | 5-15|1.25-1.40|0.57-1.98 |0.13-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.5-3.0| .37 | .49 | 5 | 5 | 56 |Bt | 6-16 | 60-70|1.20-1.40|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.2-2.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Btss | 16-47 | 60-70|1.20-1.40|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.2-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Cy, C | 47-80 | 60-75|1.20-1.40|0.00-0.06 |0.10-0.15|6.0-8.9 |0.1-0.5| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MxA: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Moten------|A | 0-3 | 6-12|1.40-1.65|0.57-1.98 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 5 | 3 | 86 |E, E/Bt | 3-20 | 6-12|1.40-1.65|0.57-1.98 |0.13-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | |Bt/E | 20-45 | 12-18|1.40-1.65|0.20-0.57 |0.13-0.20|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | |2C, 2Bt/C| 45-80 | 15-40|1.30-1.60|0.06-0.20 |0.12-0.20|3.0-5.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Multey------|A | 0-4 | 4-10|1.30-1.50|0.57-1.98 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .32 | .32 | 5 | 3 | 86 |E | 4-26 | 4-10|1.30-1.50|0.57-1.98 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |E/Bt | 26-35 | 8-18|1.40-1.60|0.57-1.98 |0.13-0.17|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Bt/E | 35-80 | 8-35|1.40-1.65|0.57-5.95 |0.10-0.17|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .28 | .28 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Oz: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ozias------|A | 0-9 | 40-60|1.20-1.40|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.16|6.0-8.9 |1.0-4.0| .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86 |Bssg | 9-44 | 35-60|1.25-1.50|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.16|6.0-8.9 |1.0-2.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Bg | 44-84 | 35-60|1.25-1.50|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.16|6.0-8.9 |1.0-2.0| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 247

Table 15.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | | | | | | |Erosion______factors|Wind |Wind Map symbol | | | | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic| | | |erodi-|erodi- and soil name | Horizon | Depth | Clay | bulk | bility | water |extensi-|matter | Kw | Kf | T |bility|bility ______| | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | | | |group |index | | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | ___Pct | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Oz: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pophers------|A | 0-18 | 27-40|1.20-1.40|0.20-0.57 |0.13-0.20|3.0-5.9 |0.5-2.0| .32 | .49 | 5 | 7 | 38 |Bg | 18-47 | 15-35|1.30-1.50|0.20-0.57 |0.13-0.20|3.0-5.9 |0.2-1.0| .37 | .49 | | | |Bgb | 47-80 | 20-40|1.35-1.65|0.06-0.20 |0.13-0.20|3.0-5.9 |0.2-1.0| .37 | .49 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PeB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Penning------|A | 0-3 | 8-15|1.30-1.45|1.98-5.95 |0.10-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 4 | 5 | 56 |E | 3-15 | 8-15|1.30-1.50|1.98-5.95 |0.10-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.2-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | |Bt/E | 15-48 | 15-24|1.35-1.55|0.57-1.98 |0.13-0.17|0.0-2.9 |0.2-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Bt/E | 48-58 | 18-26|1.40-1.65|0.57-1.98 |0.13-0.17|3.0-5.9 |0.2-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |2C | 58-72 | 30-50|1.40-1.69|0.00-0.06 |0.08-0.12|6.0-8.9 |0.2-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Po: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pophers------|A | 0-4 | 27-40|1.20-1.40|0.20-0.57 |0.13-0.20|3.0-5.9 |0.5-2.0| .32 | .49 | 5 | 7 | 38 |Bg | 4-80 | 15-35|1.30-1.50|0.20-0.57 |0.13-0.20|3.0-5.9 |0.2-1.0| .37 | .49 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RbB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rayburn------|A, E | 0-4 | 8-20|1.20-1.40|0.57-1.98 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .43 | .43 | 4 | 3 | 86 |Btss | 4-29 | 40-60|1.30-1.50|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.0-8.9 |0.1-0.5| .37 | .37 | | | |Cr | 29-45 | --- | --- |0.06-0.57 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RwB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rosenwall----|A, E | 0-8 | 8-20|1.40-1.60|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .43 | .43 | 3 | 3 | 86 |Bt | 8-24 | 60-75|1.40-1.60|0.00-0.06 |0.08-0.14|6.0-8.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Cr | 24-58 | --- | --- |0.06-0.57 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RwD: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rosenwall----|A, E | 0-3 | 8-20|1.40-1.60|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .43 | .43 | 3 | 3 | 86 |Bt | 3-28 | 60-75|1.40-1.60|0.00-0.06 |0.08-0.14|6.0-8.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Cr | 28-45 | --- | --- |0.06-0.57 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SsA: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sawlit------|A, E | 0-7 | 6-18|1.35-1.50|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.16|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 5 | 5 | 56 |Bt | 7-11 | 18-30|1.35-1.50|0.57-1.98 |0.13-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.3-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | |Bt/E | 11-29 | 20-35|1.30-1.55|0.57-1.98 |0.13-0.18|3.0-5.9 |0.3-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | |2Bt | 29-61 | 35-50|1.20-1.45|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.17|6.0-8.9 |0.3-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |2BC | 61-80 | 20-35|1.30-1.55|0.57-1.98 |0.13-0.18|3.0-5.9 |0.3-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sawtown------|A | 0-5 | 4-10|1.35-1.50|1.98-5.95 |0.10-0.16|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 | 5 | 5 | 56 |E | 5-8 | 4-12|1.35-1.50|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.16|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .37 | .37 | | | |Bt, Bt/E | 8-43 | 15-30|1.30-1.55|0.57-1.98 |0.11-0.16|3.0-5.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |2Bt | 43-65 | 35-50|1.20-1.45|0.00-0.06 |0.12-0.17|6.0-8.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |2BC | 65-80 | 15-30|1.30-1.55|0.57-1.98 |0.11-0.16|3.0-5.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | StD: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Stringtown---|A, E | 0-10 | 8-18|1.20-1.40|0.57-1.98 |0.11-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .28 | 3 | 3 | 86 |Bt, BC | 10-51 | 18-35|1.35-1.55|0.57-1.98 |0.15-0.20|0.0-2.9 |0.2-0.5| .28 | .32 | | | |C | 51-80 | --- | --- |0.06-0.57 | --- | --- |0.1-0.5| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TeD: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tehran------|A, E | 0-45 | 2-8 |1.50-1.65|5.95-19.98|0.06-0.10|0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .20 | .20 | 5 | 1 | 250 |Bt | 45-80 | 18-32|1.55-1.70|1.98-5.95 |0.12-0.17|0.0-2.9 |0.1-0.5| .24 | .24 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Urland------|A, E, AB | 0-5 | 5-18|1.20-1.40|1.98-5.95 |0.10-0.15|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .37 | .28 | 4 | 3 | 86 |Bt | 5-43 | 35-55|1.30-1.50|0.20-0.57 |0.12-0.18|3.0-5.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |Bt/C | 43-58 | 17-40|1.35-1.55|0.57-1.98 |0.12-0.17|3.0-5.9 |0.1-1.0| .32 | .32 | | | |C | 58-72 | --- | --- |0.06-0.57 | --- | --- |0.1-1.0| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 248 Soil Survey

Table 15.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | | | | | | |Erosion______factors|Wind |Wind Map symbol | | | | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic| | | |erodi-|erodi- and soil name | Horizon | Depth | Clay | bulk | bility | water |extensi-|matter | Kw | Kf | T |bility|bility ______| | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | | | |group |index | | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | ___Pct | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | W. | | | | | | | | | | | | | Water | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WnB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Woden------|A, E | 0-12 | 5-15|1.25-1.40|1.98-5.95 |0.11-0.16|0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .20 | .20 | 5 | 3 | 86 |Bt | 12-80 | 8-18|1.35-1.60|1.98-5.95 |0.12-0.18|0.0-2.9 |0.1-1.0| .20 | .20 | | | ______| | | | | | | | | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 249

Table 16.--Chemical Properties of the Soils

(Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated.)

______| | | Cation |Effective| | | | | Sodium Map symbol | Horizon | Depth |exchange | cation | Soil | Calcium | Gypsum | Salinity |adsorption and soil name | | |capacity |exchange |reaction |carbonate| | | ratio ______| | | |capacity | | | | | | | __In |meq/100______g|meq/100 ______g| __pH | ___Pct | ___Pct | ______mmhos/cm | | | | | | | | | | AaB: | | | | | | | | | Alazan------|A, E | 0-4 | --- | 2.0-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt/E | 4-80 | 5.0-15 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | AbA: | | | | | | | | | Alazan------|A, E | 0-18 | --- | 2.0-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt/E | 18-80 | 5.0-15 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | Besner------|A, E1 | 0-8 | 2.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |E2 | 8-29 | 2.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt | 29-38 | 3.0-10 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt/E | 38-80 | 3.0-10 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | AnB: | | | | | | | | | Annona------|A, E | 0-9 | 10-20 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt, Btss | 9-43 | 20-40 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Btss | 43-80 | 20-40 | --- | 5.6-8.4 | 0-5 | 0-2 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | AuB: | | | | | | | | | Austonio------|A | 0-4 | 5.0-12 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |E | 4-13 | 5.0-12 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt | 13-32 | --- | 10-20 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |BCt | 32-51 | --- | 7.0-15 | 4.5-5.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |2C | 51-80 | 5.0-15 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | AuD: | | | | | | | | | Austonio------|A | 0-3 | 5.0-12 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |E | 3-12 | 5.0-12 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt | 12-30 | --- | 10-20 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |BCt | 30-68 | --- | 7.0-15 | 4.5-5.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |2C | 68-80 | 5.0-15 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | BeA: | | | | | | | | | Besner------|A, E1 | 0-8 | 2.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |E2 | 8-29 | 2.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt | 29-38 | 3.0-10 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt/E | 38-80 | 3.0-10 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | CaA: | | | | | | | | | Colita------|A, Eg | 0-11 | --- | 1.0-5.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Btg/E1 | 11-24 | --- | 1.0-5.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Btg/E2 | 24-39 | --- | 3.0-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-4 |Btg | 39-43 | --- | 5.0-15 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0-2 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-4 |Cr | 43-65 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | CaB: | | | | | | | | | Colita------|A | 0-11 | --- | 1.0-5.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |E, E/B | 11-21 | --- | 1.0-5.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Btg/E | 21-40 | --- | 3.0-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-4 |Btg | 40-48 | --- | 5.0-15 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0-2 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-4 |Cr | 48-65 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | ClA: | | | | | | | | | Colita------|A | 0-11 | --- | 1.0-5.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |E, E/B | 11-28 | --- | 1.0-5.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Btg/E | 28-37 | --- | 3.0-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-4 |Btg | 37-43 | --- | 5.0-15 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0-2 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-4 |Cr | 43-65 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | 250 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | Cation |Effective| | | | | Sodium Map symbol | Horizon | Depth |exchange | cation | Soil | Calcium | Gypsum | Salinity |adsorption and soil name | | |capacity |exchange |reaction |carbonate| | | ratio ______| | | |capacity | | | | | | | __In |meq/100______g|meq/100 ______g| __pH | ___Pct | ___Pct | ______mmhos/cm | | | | | | | | | | ClA: | | | | | | | | | Laska------|A, E | 0-37 | --- | 2.0-5.0 | 3.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt, Bt/E1| 37-43 | --- | 4.0-8.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt/E2, BC| 43-56 | 2.0-8.0 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Cr | 56-65 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | CoB: | | | | | | | | | Corrigan------|A, E | 0-4 | --- | 15-25 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt | 4-38 | --- | 25-40 | 3.6-5.5 | 0-2 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-4 |Cr | 38-50 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | CoD: | | | | | | | | | Corrigan------|A, E | 0-13 | --- | 15-25 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt | 13-36 | --- | 25-40 | 3.6-5.5 | 0-2 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-4 |Cr | 36-55 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | EaA: | | | | | | | | | Eastham------|A1 | 0-15 | 40-60 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-3 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |A2, Bss | 15-40 | 40-60 | --- | 5.6-8.4 | 0-5 | 0-2 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-2 |Bkss | 40-80 | 40-60 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 2-10 | 0-4 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-4 | | | | | | | | | EaB: | | | | | | | | | Eastham------|A1 | 0-5 | 30-40 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 0-3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |A2, Bss | 5-21 | 35-60 | --- | 7.9-8.4 | 0-3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bkss, BC | 21-80 | 35-60 | --- | 7.9-8.4 | 0-5 | 0-2 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-5 | | | | | | | | | EtB: | | | | | | | | | Etoile------|A, E | 0-7 | 3.0-10 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt, Btss1| 7-38 | 40-60 | --- | 5.1-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Btss2 | 38-58 | 40-60 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Ck, Cy | 58-80 | 40-60 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 5-15 | 0-2 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | FuA: | | | | | | | | | Fuller------|A | 0-4 | --- | 1.0-5.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 1-5 |Eg | 4-26 | --- | 1.0-5.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 1-5 |Btng/E | 26-44 | 10-25 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0 | 0 | 1.0-4.0 | 10-20 |2C | 44-66 | 10-25 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0 | 0-2 | 1.0-4.0 | 10-25 | | | | | | | | | FuB: | | | | | | | | | Fuller------|A | 0-7 | --- | 1.0-5.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 1-5 |Eg | 7-27 | --- | 1.0-5.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 1-5 |Btng/E | 27-45 | 10-25 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0 | 0 | 1.0-4.0 | 10-20 |2C | 45-65 | 10-25 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0 | 0-2 | 1.0-4.0 | 10-25 | | | | | | | | | GaA: | | | | | | | | | Garner------|Ap | 0-3 | 30-50 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bw, Bss | 3-80 | 40-55 | --- | 5.1-8.4 | 0-10 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-4 | | | | | | | | | GwA: | | | | | | | | | Gladewater----|Ap | 0-11 | 35-60 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bg, Bssg1| 11-64 | 30-50 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0-5 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bssg2 | 64-80 | 30-50 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0 | 0-5 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | HaA: | | | | | | | | | Hainesville---|A | 0-7 | 1.0-6.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bw, Bw/E | 7-80 | 1.0-6.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | HeA: | | | | | | | | | Herty------|A, E | 0-8 | --- | 3.0-12 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-4 |Bt | 8-18 | --- | 15-25 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 6-13 |Btss | 18-47 | --- | 20-40 | 3.5-6.0 | 0 | 2-35 | 2.0-8.0 | 8-13 |2Cy | 47-80 | --- | 20-40 | 3.5-6.5 | 0 | 2-35 | 4.0-8.0 | 8-13 | | | | | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 251

Table 16.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | Cation |Effective| | | | | Sodium Map symbol | Horizon | Depth |exchange | cation | Soil | Calcium | Gypsum | Salinity |adsorption and soil name | | |capacity |exchange |reaction |carbonate| | | ratio ______| | | |capacity | | | | | | | __In |meq/100______g|meq/100 ______g| __pH | ___Pct | ___Pct | ______mmhos/cm | | | | | | | | | | HeB: | | | | | | | | | Herty------|A, E | 0-8 | --- | 3.0-12 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-4 |Bt | 8-23 | --- | 15-25 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 6-13 |Btss | 23-48 | --- | 20-40 | 3.5-6.0 | 0 | 2-35 | 2.0-8.0 | 8-13 |2Cy | 48-80 | --- | 20-40 | 3.5-6.5 | 0 | 2-35 | 4.0-8.0 | 8-13 | | | | | | | | | KcD: | | | | | | | | | Kellison------|A, E | 0-3 | --- | 5.0-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt | 3-12 | --- | 30-45 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 2-9 |Btss | 12-40 | --- | 35-50 | 3.5-5.5 | 0-2 | 0-5 | 2.0-8.0 | 2-12 |C, C/B | 40-50 | 30-45 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0-2 | 2-12 | 2.0-8.0 | 2-13 | | | | | | | | | KeB: | | | | | | | | | Keltys------|A | 0-6 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |E | 6-14 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 5.1-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt/E, E/B| 14-56 | --- | 5.0-15 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-2 |2C | 56-86 | 10-35 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-4 | | | | | | | | | KeD: | | | | | | | | | Keltys------|A | 0-8 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |E | 8-17 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 5.1-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt/E, E/B| 17-53 | --- | 5.0-15 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-2 |2C | 53-80 | 10-35 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-4 | | | | | | | | | KiB: | | | | | | | | | Kitterll------|A | 0-15 | 3.0-15 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Cr | 15-26 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | KiD: | | | | | | | | | Kitterll------|A | 0-12 | 3.0-15 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Cr | 12-15 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | Browndell-----|A, E | 0-6 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt | 6-16 | --- | 25-45 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-4 |Cr | 16-24 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | Kp: | | | | | | | | | Koury------|A | 0-7 | --- | 5.0-15 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-2 |Bw, Bg | 7-32 | --- | 5.0-15 | 3.5-5.0 | 0 | 0-2 | 0.0-2.0 | 2-6 |Ab, Bb | 32-84 | --- | 5.0-15 | 3.5-5.0 | 0 | 0-2 | 1.0-4.0 | 4-12 | | | | | | | | | KuB: | | | | | | | | | Kurth------|A | 0-7 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |E | 7-17 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 5.1-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt/E | 17-37 | 5.0-15 | --- | 5.1-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |2Btg | 37-57 | --- | 20-40 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0-2 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |2C, 2CB | 57-79 | --- | 10-25 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0-2 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-2 | | | | | | | | | KuD: | | | | | | | | | Kurth------|A | 0-2 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |E | 2-22 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 5.1-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt/E | 22-37 | 5.0-15 | --- | 5.1-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |2Btg | 37-49 | --- | 20-40 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0-2 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |2C, 2CB | 49-80 | --- | 10-25 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0-2 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-2 | | | | | | | | | LaB: | | | | | | | | | Laska------|A, E | 0-24 | --- | 2.0-5.0 | 3.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt, Bt/E1| 24-41 | --- | 4.0-8.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt/E2, BC| 41-63 | 2.0-8.0 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |2Cr | 63-70 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | 252 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | Cation |Effective| | | | | Sodium Map symbol | Horizon | Depth |exchange | cation | Soil | Calcium | Gypsum | Salinity |adsorption and soil name | | |capacity |exchange |reaction |carbonate| | | ratio ______| | | |capacity | | | | | | | __In |meq/100______g|meq/100 ______g| __pH | ___Pct | ___Pct | ______mmhos/cm | | | | | | | | | | LeB: | | | | | | | | | Latex------|A, E | 0-10 | --- | 2.0-15 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt | 10-49 | --- | 2.0-15 | 4.5-5.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt/E | 49-58 | --- | 2.0-15 | 4.5-5.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |2Bt/E | 58-80 | --- | 12-40 | 4.5-5.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | LnB: | | | | | | | | | Letney------|A, E | 0-24 | --- | 1.0-3.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt | 24-80 | --- | 5.0-15 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | LvC: | | | | | | | | | Lovelady------|A | 0-6 | --- | 1.0-5.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |E | 6-32 | --- | 1.0-5.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt/E | 32-55 | --- | 5.0-15 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |2Bt | 55-80 | --- | 5.0-20 | 3.6-5.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | LvD: | | | | | | | | | Lovelady------|A | 0-4 | --- | 1.0-5.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |E | 4-38 | --- | 1.0-5.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt/E | 38-42 | --- | 5.0-15 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |2Bt | 42-79 | --- | 5.0-20 | 3.6-5.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | MpA: | | | | | | | | | Mollville-----|A, Eg | 0-5 | --- | 5.0-15 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-2 |Btg/E | 5-72 | --- | 15-25 | 4.5-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 2-10 |2Cg | 72-80 | 5.0-10 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0-2 | 0-3 | 0.0-4.0 | 2-10 | | | | | | | | | Besner------|A, E1 | 0-24 | 2.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |E2 | 24-36 | 2.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt | 36-48 | 3.0-10 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt/E | 48-85 | 3.0-10 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | MsB: | | | | | | | | | Moswell------|A, E | 0-9 | --- | 5.0-18 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt | 9-15 | --- | 30-45 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-4 |Btss | 15-45 | --- | 30-45 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 5-15 | 2.0-8.0 | 4-12 |Cy, C | 45-80 | --- | 30-45 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0-5 | 2.0-8.0 | 4-12 | | | | | | | | | MsE: | | | | | | | | | Moswell------|A, E | 0-6 | --- | 5.0-18 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt | 6-16 | --- | 30-45 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-4 |Btss | 16-47 | --- | 30-45 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 5-15 | 2.0-8.0 | 4-12 |Cy, C | 47-80 | --- | 30-45 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0-5 | 2.0-8.0 | 4-12 | | | | | | | | | MxA: | | | | | | | | | Moten------|A | 0-3 | --- | 1.0-5.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |E, E/Bt | 3-20 | --- | 1.0-5.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt/E | 20-45 | --- | 3.0-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0-4.0 | 0-4 |2C, 2Bt/C| 45-80 | 5.0-15 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 1.0-4.0 | 0-6 | | | | | | | | | Multey------|A | 0-4 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |E | 4-26 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |E/Bt | 26-35 | --- | 5.0-10 | 4.5-5.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt/E | 35-80 | 5.0-10 | --- | 4.5-8.4 | 0 | 0 | 1.0-4.0 | 1-6 | | | | | | | | | Oz: | | | | | | | | | Ozias------|A | 0-9 | --- | 25-45 | 3.6-5.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-8.0 | 0-4 |Bssg | 9-44 | 25-45 | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0 | 0-4 | 0.0-16.0| 2-14 |Bg | 44-84 | 25-45 | --- | 3.6-6.0 | 0 | 0-4 | 0.0-16.0| 2-14 | | | | | | | | | Pophers------|A | 0-18 | --- | 15-28 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-4 |Bg | 18-47 | --- | 7.0-20 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0-4 | 0.0-4.0 | 2-12 |Bgb | 47-80 | --- | 7.0-25 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 2-6 | 4.0-8.0 | 4-16 | | | | | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 253

Table 16.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | Cation |Effective| | | | | Sodium Map symbol | Horizon | Depth |exchange | cation | Soil | Calcium | Gypsum | Salinity |adsorption and soil name | | |capacity |exchange |reaction |carbonate| | | ratio ______| | | |capacity | | | | | | | __In |meq/100______g|meq/100 ______g| __pH | ___Pct | ___Pct | ______mmhos/cm | | | | | | | | | | PeB: | | | | | | | | | Penning------|A | 0-3 | --- | 5.0-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |E | 3-15 | --- | 5.0-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt/E | 15-48 | 5.0-15 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt/E | 48-58 | 5.0-20 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 2-6 |2C | 58-72 | 10-35 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 2.0-8.0 | 4-10 | | | | | | | | | Po: | | | | | | | | | Pophers------|A | 0-4 | --- | 15-28 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-4 |Bg | 4-80 | --- | 7.0-20 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0-4 | 0.0-4.0 | 2-12 | | | | | | | | | RbB: | | | | | | | | | Rayburn------|A, E | 0-4 | --- | 1.0-7.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Btss | 4-29 | --- | 25-35 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Cr | 29-45 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | RwB: | | | | | | | | | Rosenwall-----|A, E | 0-8 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt | 8-24 | --- | 25-35 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Cr | 24-58 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | RwD: | | | | | | | | | Rosenwall-----|A, E | 0-3 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt | 3-28 | --- | 25-35 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Cr | 28-45 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | SsA: | | | | | | | | | Sawlit------|A, E | 0-7 | --- | 10-22 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt | 7-11 | --- | 20-40 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt/E | 11-29 | --- | 20-40 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |2Bt | 29-61 | --- | 35-50 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0-5 | 0 | 0-4 |2BC | 61-80 | --- | 20-40 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | Sawtown------|A | 0-5 | 4.0-8.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |E | 5-8 | --- | 4.0-10 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt, Bt/E | 8-43 | --- | 10-20 | 3.6-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |2Bt | 43-65 | --- | 20-40 | 3.6-6.5 | 0 | 0-5 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-4 |2BC | 65-80 | --- | 10-20 | 3.6-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | StD: | | | | | | | | | Stringtown----|A, E | 0-10 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt, BC | 10-51 | --- | 10-20 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |C | 51-80 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | TeD: | | | | | | | | | Tehran------|A, E | 0-45 | --- | 1.0-3.0 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt | 45-80 | --- | 5.0-15 | 4.5-6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | | | Urland------|A, E, AB | 0-5 | 3.0-10 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt | 5-43 | --- | 15-25 | 4.5-5.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |Bt/C | 43-58 | --- | 10-20 | 4.5-5.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0 |C | 58-72 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | W. | | | | | | | | | Water | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WnB: | | | | | | | | | Woden------|A, E | 0-12 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |Bt | 12-80 | 3.0-12 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 ______| | | | | | | | | 254 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Soil Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is not a concern or that data were not estimated.)

______|______Restrictive layer | Potential |______Risk of corrosion Map symbol | | Depth | for | Uncoated | ______and soil name | Kind |to top |frost action| steel | Concrete | | __In | | | | | | | | AaB: | | | | | Alazan------| --- | --- |None |High |Moderate | | | | | AbA: | | | | | Alazan------| --- | --- |None |High |Moderate | | | | | Besner------| --- | --- |None |Low |Moderate | | | | | AnB: | | | | | Annona------| --- | --- |None |High |Moderate | | | | | AuB, AuD: | | | | | Austonio------| --- | --- |None |Moderate |Moderate | | | | | BeA: | | | | | Besner------| --- | --- |None |Low |Moderate | | | | | CaA, CaB: | | | | | Colita------|Bedrock | 40-60 |None |High |Moderate | (paralithic) | | | | | | | | | ClA: | | | | | Colita------|Bedrock | 40-60 |None |High |Moderate | (paralithic) | | | | | | | | | Laska------| --- | --- |None |Moderate |High | | | | | CoB, CoD: | | | | | Corrigan------|Bedrock | 20-40 |None |High |High | (paralithic) | | | | | | | | | EaA, EaB: | | | | | Eastham------| --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | EtB: | | | | | Etoile------| --- | --- |None |High |Moderate | | | | | FuA, FuB: | | | | | Fuller------| --- | --- |None |High |High | | | | | GaA: | | | | | Garner------| --- | --- |None |High |Low | | | | | GwA: | | | | | Gladewater------| --- | --- |None |High |Moderate | | | | | HaA: | | | | | Hainesville------| --- | --- |None |Low |Moderate | | | | | HeA, HeB: | | | | | Herty------| --- | --- |None |High |High | | | | | KcD: | | | | | Kellison------| --- | --- |None |High |High | | | | | KeB, KeD: | | | | | Keltys------| --- | --- |None |High |High | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 255

Table 17.--Soil Features--Continued ______|______Restrictive layer | Potential |______Risk of corrosion Map symbol | | Depth | for | Uncoated | ______and soil name | Kind |to top |frost action| steel | Concrete | | __In | | | | | | | | KiB: | | | | | Kitterll------|Bedrock | 4-14 |None |Low |Moderate | (paralithic) | | | | | | | | | KiD: | | | | | Kitterll------|Bedrock | 4-14 |None |Low |Moderate | (paralithic) | | | | | | | | | Browndell------|Bedrock | 14-20 |None |High |High | (paralithic) | | | | | | | | | Kp: | | | | | Koury------| --- | --- |None |High |High | | | | | KuB, KuD: | | | | | Kurth------| --- | --- |None |High |Moderate | | | | | LaB: | | | | | Laska------| --- | --- |None |Moderate |High | | | | | LeB: | | | | | Latex------| --- | --- |None |Moderate |High | | | | | LnB: | | | | | Letney------| --- | --- |None |Low |High | | | | | LvC, LvD: | | | | | Lovelady------| --- | --- |None |High |Moderate | | | | | MpA: | | | | | Mollville------| --- | --- |None |High |High | | | | | Besner------| --- | --- |None |Low |Moderate | | | | | MsB, MsE: | | | | | Moswell------| --- | --- |None |High |High | | | | | MxA: | | | | | Moten------| --- | --- |None |High |Moderate | | | | | Multey------| --- | --- |None |High |Moderate | | | | | Oz: | | | | | Ozias------| --- | --- |None |High |High | | | | | Pophers------| --- | --- |None |High |High | | | | | PeB: | | | | | Penning------| --- | --- |None |High |High | | | | | Po: | | | | | Pophers------| --- | --- |None |High |High | | | | | RbB: | | | | | Rayburn------|Bedrock | 40-60 |None |High |High | (paralithic) | | | | | | | | | RwB, RwD: | | | | | Rosenwall------|Bedrock | 20-40 |None |High |High | (paralithic) | | | | | | | | | 256 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Soil Features--Continued ______|______Restrictive layer | Potential |______Risk of corrosion Map symbol | | Depth | for | Uncoated | ______and soil name | Kind |to top |frost action| steel | Concrete | | __In | | | | | | | | SsA: | | | | | Sawlit------| --- | --- |None |High |High | | | | | Sawtown------| --- | --- |None |Moderate |Moderate | | | | | StD: | | | | | Stringtown------| --- | --- |None |Moderate |High | | | | | TeD: | | | | | Tehran------| --- | --- |None |Low |High | | | | | UrB: | | | | | Urland------| --- | --- |None |High |High | | | | | W. | | | | | Water | | | | | | | | | | WnB: | | | | | Woden------| --- | --- |None |Moderate |Moderate ______| | | | | Trinity County, Texas 257

Table 18.--Water Features

(Depths of layers are in feet. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Estimates of the frequency of ponding and flooding apply to the whole year rather than to individual months. Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is not a concern or that data were not estimated.)

______| | | ______Water table | Ponding | Flooding Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency |Duration |Frequency and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | | ______|group | | | | depth | | | | | | | __Ft | __Ft | __Ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | AaB: | | | | | | | | | Alazan------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr|1.5-2.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | AbA: | | | | | | | | | Alazan------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr|1.5-2.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Besner------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Feb|4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Mar-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | AnB: | | | | | | | | | Annona------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | AuB, AuD: | | | | | | | | | Austonio------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | BeA: | | | | | | | | | Besner------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Feb|4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Mar-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | CaA, CaB: | | | | | | | | | Colita------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr|0.5-2.0|2.5-4.5| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Oct| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Nov-Dec|0.5-2.0|2.5-4.5| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | ClA: | | | | | | | | | Colita------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr|0.5-2.0|2.5-4.5| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Oct| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Nov-Dec|0.5-2.0|2.5-4.5| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Laska------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr|1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Nov| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | CoB, CoD: | | | | | | | | | Corrigan------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Mar|0.5-1.0|1.0-1.5| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Apr-Nov| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |0.5-1.0|1.0-1.5| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | EaA, EaB: | | | | | | | | | Eastham------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | 258 Soil Survey

Table 18.--Water Features--Continued ______| | | ______Water table | Ponding | Flooding Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency |Duration |Frequency and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | | ______|group | | | | depth | | | | | | | __Ft | __Ft | __Ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | EtB: | | | | | | | | | Etoile------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | FuA, FuB: | | | | | | | | | Fuller------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr|0.5-1.5|2.0-4.5| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | GaA: | | | | | | | | | Garner------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | GwA: | | | | | | | | | Gladewater------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-May|1.5-3.5|2.0-4.0| --- | --- | None |Very long| Frequent | |Jun-Oct| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Nov-Dec|1.5-3.5|2.0-4.0| --- | --- | None |Very long| Frequent | | | | | | | | | HaA: | | | | | | | | | Hainesville------| A | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | HeA, HeB: | | | | | | | | | Herty------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr|0.5-1.0|0.5-2.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | KcD: | | | | | | | | | Kellison------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | KeB, KeD: | | | | | | | | | Keltys------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr|2.5-3.5|3.5-5.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | KiB: | | | | | | | | | Kitterll------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | KiD: | | | | | | | | | Kitterll------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Browndell------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Mar|0.5-1.3|1.0-1.7| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Apr-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Kp: | | | | | | | | | Koury------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr|2.5-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent | |May | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent | |Jun-Nov| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |2.5-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | KuB, KuD: | | | | | | | | | Kurth------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr|2.5-3.5|3.5-5.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Nov| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |2.5-3.5|3.5-5.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 259

Table 18.--Water Features--Continued ______| | | ______Water table | Ponding | Flooding Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency |Duration |Frequency and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | | ______|group | | | | depth | | | | | | | __Ft | __Ft | __Ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | LaB: | | | | | | | | | Laska------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr|1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Nov| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.5-3.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | LeB: | | | | | | | | | Latex------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr|3.0-4.5|3.5-5.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Nov| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |3.0-4.5|3.5-5.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | LnB: | | | | | | | | | Letney------| A | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | LvC, LvD: | | | | | | | | | Lovelady------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr|2.0-4.0|2.5-4.5| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Nov| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |2.0-4.0|2.5-4.5| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | MpA: | | | | | | | | | Mollville------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Jun| 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Long | Frequent | --- | None | |Jul-Oct| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Nov-Dec| 0.0 | >6.0 |0.0-0.5| Long | Frequent | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Besner------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Feb|4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Mar-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | MsB, MsE: | | | | | | | | | Moswell------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | MxA: | | | | | | | | | Moten------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr|1.0-2.5|5.0-6.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Multey------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr|4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Oz: | | | | | | | | | Ozias------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-May|0.0-1.5|0.5-2.0| --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |Jun-Oct| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Nov |0.0-1.5|0.5-2.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |0.0-1.5|0.5-2.0| --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | | | | | | | | | Pophers------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-May|1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |Jul-Nov| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | PeB: | | | | | | | | | Penning------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Apr|1.5-4.0|2.5-5.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |May-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | 260 Soil Survey

Table 18.--Water Features--Continued ______| | | ______Water table | Ponding | Flooding Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency |Duration |Frequency and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | | ______|group | | | | depth | | | | | | | __Ft | __Ft | __Ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | Po: | | | | | | | | | Pophers------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-May|1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |Jun | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Long | Frequent | |Jul-Nov| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |1.0-2.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | RbB: | | | | | | | | | Rayburn------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Feb|2.5-4.5|3.5-5.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Mar-Nov| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Dec |2.5-4.5|3.5-5.0| --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | RwB, RwD: | | | | | | | | | Rosenwall------| D | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | SsA: | | | | | | | | | Sawlit------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-May|2.0-3.5|2.5-3.5| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Jun-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | Sawtown------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-May|3.5-5.0|4.0-5.5| --- | --- | None | --- | None | |Jun-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | StD: | | | | | | | | | Stringtown------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | TeD: | | | | | | | | | Tehran------| A | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | UrB: | | | | | | | | | Urland------| C | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None | | | | | | | | | W. | | | | | | | | | Water | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WnB: | | | | | | | | | Woden------| B | | | | | | | | | |Jan-Dec| --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None ______| | | | | | | | | Trinity County, Texas 261

Table 19.--Classification of the Soils

(An asterisk in the first column indicates a taxadjunct to the series. See text for a description of those characteristics that are outside the range of the series.)

______| Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class ______| | Alazan------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Aquic Glossudalfs Annona------|Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Paleudalfs Austonio------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Typic Hapludalfs Besner------|Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Glossudalfs Browndell------|Clayey, smectitic, thermic, shallow Oxyaquic Hapludalfs Colita------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Typic Glossaqualfs Corrigan------|Fine, smectitic, thermic Albaquic Hapludalfs Eastham------|Fine, smectitic, thermic Typic Hapluderts Etoile------|Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Hapludalfs Fuller------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, superactive, thermic Albic Glossic Natraqualfs Garner------|Fine, smectitic, thermic Oxyaquic Hapluderts Gladewater------|Very-fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Endoaquerts Hainesville------|Thermic, coated Lamellic Quartzipsamments Herty------|Fine, smectitic, thermic Oxyaquic Vertic Hapludalfs Kellison------|Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Hapludalfs Keltys------|Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Oxyaquic Glossudalfs Kitterll------|Loamy, siliceous, active, nonacid, thermic, shallow Typic Udorthents Koury------|Coarse-silty, siliceous, superactive, thermic Oxyaquic Eutrudepts Kurth------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Oxyaquic Glossudalfs Laska------|Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Oxyaquic Glossudalfs Latex------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Glossic Paleudalfs Letney------|Loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Arenic Paleudults Lovelady------|Loamy, mixed, semiactive, thermic Arenic Glossudalfs Mollville------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, superactive, thermic Typic Glossaqualfs Moswell------|Very-fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Hapludalfs Moten------|Coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Aquic Glossudalfs Multey------|Coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Typic Glossudalfs Ozias------|Fine, smectitic, thermic Aeric Dystraquerts Penning------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Aquic Glossudalfs Pophers------|Fine-silty, siliceous, active, acid, thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts *Rayburn------|Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Hapludalfs Rosenwall------|Very-fine, mixed, active, thermic Typic Hapludults Sawlit------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Aquic Glossudalfs Sawtown------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Typic Glossudalfs *Stringtown------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults Tehran------|Loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Grossarenic Paleudults Urland------|Clayey, mixed, active, thermic Typic Hapludults Woden------|Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudalfs ______| NRCS Accessibility Statement

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