William G. Dever: Bibliography
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THE TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY 1. Roman Road
THE TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY S. DOUGLAS WATERHOUSE ROBERT IBACH, JR. Andrews University Grace Theological Seminary Berrien Springs, Michigan Winona Lake, Indiana 1. Roman Road from Liwius to Esbus (Fig. 10) To trace the Roman road from Livias (modern Ten er-Rameh) in the Jordan Valley to Esbus (the Greek-Latin designation for Biblical Heshbon), a survey team of four was commi~sioned.~ Long known but never completely traced, this Roman road connected Jerusalem, Jericho, Livias, and Esbus, thus linking the road system of Palestine with the famous north-south uia nova of Trajan in the Roman province of Arabia, east of the Jordan (where Esbus/ Heshbon is situated ) .2 Just as Trajan's north-south "new road" was built ( A.D. 111-114 ) along the course of the much older Biblical "King's Highway" (Num 20:17; 21:22; cf. Gn 145, 6),3so the east-west road, from Jericho to Heshbon, was built near, if not always along, the Biblical "Way of Beth-Jeshimoth" (see the 'Hebrew text of Jos The survey team was to trace the Roman road from Esbus to the Jordan Valley and to obtain an archaeological picture of the occupational sites near Tell Hesbdn, with special emphasis on the large valley, the Wadi Hesbdn. Team members were S. Douglas Waterhouse, Robert Ibach, Charlene Hogsten, Eugenia Nitowski (part-time), and (as translators) the representatives of the Jordanian Department of Antiquities attached to the Heshbon Expedition. a Peter Thomsen, "Die romischen Meilensteine der Provinzen Syria, Arabia und Palaestina," ZDPV, 40 (1917): 67-68; Michael Avi-Yonah, The Holy Land (Grand Rapids, Mich., 1966), pp. -
Heshbon (Modern Hesbdn) Is Located in Transj Ordan
THE HISTORY OF HESHBON FROM LITERARY SOURCES * WERNER VYHMEISTER River Plate College, Puiggari, Entre Rios, Argentina Heshbon (modern Hesbdn) is located in Transjordan, about 20 miles east of the Jordan where it enters the Dead Sea. The remains of the old city are covered now by two hills, 2,930 and 2,954 feet above sea level respectively. According to the latest available statistics (from 1961), the village of Hesbdn has 718 inhabitants. Heshbon in OT Times Heshbon appears for the first time in the Biblical record as the capital city of Sihon, the Amorite king defeated by Moses. However, the region in which Heshbon was located is mentioned much earlier in the Bible. In Gn 14:5, Chedor- laomer and his confederates appear as smiting successively the Rephaim in Ashteroth-karnaim, the Zuzim in Ham, and the Emim in Shaveh Kiriathaim (i.e., the plain of Kiria- thaim). Kiriathaim has been identified with el-Qerei ydt, about five miles northwest of Dhz'bdn. It appears together with Heshbon in Num 32:37 among the cities rebuilt by the This article is a condensation of a B.D. thesis covering the same subject, deposited in the James White Library of Andrews University. * "Heshbon," Encyclopaedia Biblica, eds. T. K. Cheyne and J. S. Black, I1 (London, I~OI),col. 2044. "mi Dajani, director of the Department of Antiquities of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Letter to the author, December 12, 1966. 8 Num 21 :21 ff. 4 Siegfried H. Horn et al., Seventh-day Adventist Bible Dictionary (Washington, D. C., 1960)~p. -
A Christian's Map of the Holy Land
A CHRISTIAN'S MAP OF THE HOLY LAND Sidon N ia ic n e o Zarefath h P (Sarepta) n R E i I T U A y r t s i Mt. of Lebanon n i Mt. of Antilebanon Mt. M y Hermon ’ Beaufort n s a u b s s LEGEND e J A IJON a H Kal'at S Towns visited by Jesus as I L e o n Nain t e s Nimrud mentioned in the Gospels Caesarea I C Philippi (Banias, Paneas) Old Towns New Towns ABEL BETH DAN I MA’ACHA T Tyre A B a n Ruins Fortress/Castle I N i a s Lake Je KANAH Journeys of Jesus E s Pjlaia E u N s ’ Ancient Road HADDERY TYRE M O i REHOB n S (ROSH HANIKRA) A i KUNEITRA s Bar'am t r H y s u Towns visited by Jesus MISREPOTH in K Kedesh sc MAIM Ph a Sidon P oe Merom am n HAZOR D Tyre ic o U N ACHZIV ia BET HANOTH t Caesarea Philippi d a o Bethsaida Julias GISCALA HAROSH A R Capernaum an A om Tabgha E R G Magdala Shave ACHSAPH E SAFED Zion n Cana E L a Nazareth I RAMAH d r Nain L Chorazin o J Bethsaida Bethabara N Mt. of Beatitudes A Julias Shechem (Jacob’s Well) ACRE GOLAN Bethany (Mt. of Olives) PISE GENES VENISE AMALFI (Akko) G Capernaum A CABUL Bethany (Jordan) Tabgha Ephraim Jotapata (Heptapegon) Gergesa (Kursi) Jericho R 70 A.D. Magdala Jerusalem HAIFA 1187 Emmaus HIPPOS (Susita) Horns of Hittin Bethlehem K TIBERIAS R i Arbel APHEK s Gamala h Sea of o Atlit n TARICHAFA Galilee SEPPHORIS Castle pelerin Y a r m u k E Bet Tsippori Cana Shearim Yezreel Valley Mt. -
Three Conquests of Canaan
ÅA Wars in the Middle East are almost an every day part of Eero Junkkaala:of Three Canaan Conquests our lives, and undeniably the history of war in this area is very long indeed. This study examines three such wars, all of which were directed against the Land of Canaan. Two campaigns were conducted by Egyptian Pharaohs and one by the Israelites. The question considered being Eero Junkkaala whether or not these wars really took place. This study gives one methodological viewpoint to answer this ques- tion. The author studies the archaeology of all the geo- Three Conquests of Canaan graphical sites mentioned in the lists of Thutmosis III and A Comparative Study of Two Egyptian Military Campaigns and Shishak and compares them with the cities mentioned in Joshua 10-12 in the Light of Recent Archaeological Evidence the Conquest stories in the Book of Joshua. Altogether 116 sites were studied, and the com- parison between the texts and the archaeological results offered a possibility of establishing whether the cities mentioned, in the sources in question, were inhabited, and, furthermore, might have been destroyed during the time of the Pharaohs and the biblical settlement pe- riod. Despite the nature of the two written sources being so very different it was possible to make a comparative study. This study gives a fresh view on the fierce discus- sion concerning the emergence of the Israelites. It also challenges both Egyptological and biblical studies to use the written texts and the archaeological material togeth- er so that they are not so separated from each other, as is often the case. -
Joshua 12-13.Pdf
Joshua 11:23 So Joshua took the whole land, according to all that the LORD had spoken to Moses. And Joshua gave it for an inheritance to Israel according to their tribal allotments. And the land had rest from war. I. Don’t Forget 12 Now these are the kings of the land whom the people of Israel defeated and took possession of their land beyond the Jordan towards the sunrise, from the Valley of the Arnon to Mount Hermon, with all the Arabah eastwards: 2 Sihon king of the Amorites who lived at Heshbon and ruled from Aroer, which is on the edge of the Valley of the Arnon, and from the middle of the valley as far as the river Jabbok, the boundary of the Ammonites, that is, half of Gilead, 3 and the Arabah to the Sea of Chinneroth eastwards, and in the direction of Beth-jeshimoth, to the Sea of the Arabah, the Salt Sea, southwards to the foot of the slopes of Pisgah; I. Don’t Forget 4 and Og[a] king of Bashan, one of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived at Ashtaroth and at Edrei 5 and ruled over Mount Hermon and Salecah and all Bashan to the boundary of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and over half of Gilead to the boundary of Sihon king of Heshbon. 6 Moses, the servant of the LORD, and the people of Israel defeated them. And Moses the servant of the LORD gave their land for a possession to the Reubenites and the Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh. -
Deut.2.24 37
Deut. 2:24-37 I. Verses 24-25: set out II. Verses 26- 31: Message to Sihon, the king of Heshbon; message rejected III. Verses 32- 37: The people of Israel conquer Heshbon I. Verses 24-25: set out a. Deut 2: 24-25: ‘Arise, set out, and pass through the valley of Arnon. Look! I have given Sihon the Amorite, king of Heshbon, and his land into your hand; begin to take possession and contend with him in battle.25 This day I will begin to put the dread and fear of you upon the peoples everywhere under the heavens, who, when they hear the report of you, will tremble and be in anguish because of you.’ b. Remember we are picking up from their travels in the previous section. c. In the beginning of chapter 2 they were traveling through locations but told to leave the descendants of Lot and Esau alone. d. The ESV Study Bible gives a really good note about Sihon the Amorite: See note on Deut. 1:3–4. According to Gen. 15:16, the land would be given to Israel when the iniquity of the Amorites was complete, and now that time has come. Thus the defeat of various nations represents God's punishment for their iniquity (Deut. 18:12). (See Introduction to Joshua: The Destruction of the Canaanites.) In holy war, enemies tremble before the Lord (Ex. 15:14; see also Josh. 4:24–5:1). e. This is recorded in Num 21:13, 14 and recounted in Judg 11:18 f. -
Jacob's Route from Haran to Shechem
457 and the price for the whole work will be about was sought to conceal from the knowledge of his and which in all was of a 1 5 shillings. Even those who already possess the subjects, probability English edition will find the new work indis- mental character. The special interest of Hommel’s pensable, if they wish to be up to date; while article lies in his attempt to bring this into con- students who have not yet made acquaintance nexion with what the Book of Daniel relates of the with Jastrow may be confidently recommended lycanthropy of Nebuclzadnt’zzar. It is well known a is the circum- to procure the forthcoming volume as the authority that serious difhculty occasioned by on its subject. J. A. SELBIE. stance that in that book Belshazzar is called the son l1IarJ’mltcr, A bcrdecll. of Nebuchadnezzar, whereas there was no blood I relationship whatever between them. Nabonidos, on the other hand, was the father of Belshazzar, ~R.mon~ f6t (ptríobícá.fa. and Hommel seeks to show reason why in Dn 2-5 I we should read 7>2> (Nabonidos) for nY>7D2> The Book of Daniel. I (Nebuchadnezzar) everywhere except in 5 2. He PROFESSOR HontMEL contributes to the Tlaenl. finds a similar error of transcription in chap. 6, Darius into Literaturblatt (28th March last) a paper on ’The where he would change (t&dquo;i’n7) Date of the Book of Daniel, and the Lunacy of Gobryas (v~1’~1a). The bearing of all this upon the Nabonidos.’ The Annals of the latter monarch date of the Book of Daniel, especially if, with of the contain repeated notices (extending over five Hommel, one could be brought to accept years) of the absence of Nabonidos from Babylon Aramaic portions (chaps. -
The Valediction of Moses
Forschungen zum Alten Testament Edited by Konrad Schmid (Zürich) · Mark S. Smith (Princeton) Hermann Spieckermann (Göttingen) · Andrew Teeter (Harvard) 145 Idan Dershowitz The Valediction of Moses A Proto-Biblical Book Mohr Siebeck Idan Dershowitz: born 1982; undergraduate and graduate training at the Hebrew University, following several years of yeshiva study; 2017 elected to the Harvard Society of Fellows; currently Chair of Hebrew Bible and Its Exegesis at the University of Potsdam. orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-8504 Open access sponsored by the Julis-Rabinowitz Program on Jewish and Israeli Law at the Harvard Law School. ISBN 978-3-16-160644-1 / eISBN 978-3-16-160645-8 DOI 10.1628/978-3-16-160645-8 ISSN 0940-4155 / eISSN 2568-8359 (Forschungen zum Alten Testament) The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2021 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen, Germany. www.mohrsiebeck.com This work is licensed under the license “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Inter- national” (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). A complete Version of the license text can be found at: https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Any use not covered by the above license is prohibited and illegal without the permission of the publisher. The book was printed on non-aging paper by Gulde Druck in Tübingen, and bound by Buch- binderei Spinner in Ottersweier. Printed in Germany. Acknowledgments This work would not have been possible without the generosity of my friends, family, and colleagues. The Harvard Society of Fellows provided the ideal environment for this ven- ture.Atatimeinwhichacademiaisbecomingincreasinglyriskaverse,theSociety remains devoted to supporting its fellows’ passion projects. -
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
. A COLORED DRAWING OF THE MEDEBA MOSAIC MAP OF PALESTINE IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MU- SEUM. By I. M. Casanowicz, Assistant Curator, Division of Old World Archeology, United States National Museum. INTRODUCTION. A colored drawing of the Medeba mosaic map of Palestine was acquired by Mr. S. W. Woodward, of Washington City, from a book dealer in Jerusalem, while on a tour around the world in 1899 in the interest of Christian missions, and by him presented to the United States National Museum. A comparison of the drawing with other reproductions of the original, which have been prepared by compe- tent archeologists and Biblical scholars, shows that, with the excep- tion of a few omissions and transpositions, it affords a fairly adequate view of the original. It has therefore been deemed worth while to describe this highly interesting and important monument for the readers of the pubhcations of the United States National Museum, the more so as a comprehensive and detailed discussion of the subject has hitherto not been pubUshed in the English language. LITERATURE CONSULTED. C. Raymond Beazley, the Madeba Mosaic Map (The Geographic Journal, vol. 17, 1901, London, pp. 516-520). Clermont-Gaimeau, The Madeba Mosaic (Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement (quoted PEFQS), 1897, pp. 213-225; 1901, pp. 235-246). A. Jacoby, Das geographische Mosaik von Madaba (Leipzig, 1905). Wilhelm Kubitschek, Die Mosaikkarte Palastinas (Mittheilungen der Kaiser- lich-Koniglichen Geographischen GeseUschaft in Wien, vol. 43, 1900, Vienna, pp. 335-380). Adolf Schulten, Die Mosaikkarte von Madaba und ihr Verhaltniss zu den altesten Karten und Beschi'eibungen des heiligen Landes. -
A Pilgrimage Through the Old Testament
A PILGRIMAGE THROUGH THE OLD TESTAMENT ** Year 1 of 3 ** Cold Harbor Road Church Of Christ Mechanicsville, Virginia Old Testament Curriculum TABLE OF CONTENTS Lesson 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE OLD TESTAMENT Overview of Old Testament .........................................................................5 Lesson 2: CREATION Genesis 1 ........................................................................................................10 Lesson 3: ADAM AND EVE Genesis 2 ........................................................................................................14 Lesson 4: THE GARDEN OF EDEN Genesis 3 ........................................................................................................16 Lesson 5: CAIN AND ABEL Genesis 4,5......................................................................................................19 Lesson 6: NOAH FOUND GRACE IN THE EYES OF THE LORD Genesis 6,7......................................................................................................23 Lesson 7: GOD MAKES A PROMISE TO NOAH Genesis 8,9......................................................................................................26 Lesson 8: THE TOWER OF BABEL Genesis 10,11..................................................................................................29 Lesson 9: THE CALL OF ABRAHAM Genesis 12 ......................................................................................................33 Lesson 10: ABRAHAM AND LOT Genesis 13,14..................................................................................................37 -
The Book of Joshua
Joshua 1:1 1 Joshua 1:9 The Book of Joshua 1 Now after the death of Moses the servant of the LORD it came to pass, that the LORD spake unto Joshua the son of Nun, Moses’ minister, saying, 2 Moses my servant is dead; now therefore arise, go over this Jordan, thou, and all this people, unto the land which I do give to them, even to the children of Israel. 3 Every place that the sole of your foot shall tread upon, that have I given unto you, as I said unto Moses. 4 From the wilderness and this Lebanon even unto the great river, the river Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, and unto the great sea toward the going down of the sun, shall be your coast. 5 There shall not any man be able to stand before thee all the days of thy life: as I was with Moses, so I will be with thee: I will not fail thee, nor forsake thee. 6 Be strong and of a good courage: for unto this people shalt thou divide for an inheritance the land, which I sware unto their fathers to give them.* 7 Only be thou strong and very courageous, that thou mayest observe to do according to all the law, which Moses my servant commanded thee: turn not from it to the right hand or to the left, that thou mayest prosper whithersoever thou goest.† 8 This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth; but thou shalt meditate therein day and night, that thou mayest observe to do according to all that is written therein: for then thou shalt make thy way prosperous, and then thou shalt have good success.‡ 9 Have not I commanded thee? Be strong and of a good courage; be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed: * 1.6 unto this…: or, thou shalt cause this people to inherit the land, etc † 1.7 prosper: or, do wisely ‡ 1.8 have…: or, do wisely Joshua 1:10 2 Joshua 1:18 for the LORD thy God is with thee whithersoever thou goest. -
The Book of Joshua, Part I Its Evaluation by Nonevidence '
Andrews University Serninaly Studies, Spring 2001, Voi. 39, No. 1, 61-72. Copyright @ 2001 by Andrews University Press. THE BOOK OF JOSHUA, PART I ITS EVALUATION BY NONEVIDENCE ' DAVIDMERLING Andrews University No other biblical book has been as thoroughly reviewed by the archaeological community as Joshua. The reason for this interest is that no other book of the Bible appears to be as susceptible to archaeological investigation as the book of Joshua. The stories of the patriarchs provide few concrete details that Syro-Palestinianarchaeologists could investigate; nor do the other Pentateuchal books, which are largely set outside of Canaan.' Joshua, on the other hand, describes events which seemingly occur in Late Bronze Age Canaan. Among its many stories is the destruction by Joshua and the Israelites of named cities. It seems obvious that the book of Joshua is an ideal candidate for archaeological investigation. Over the past decades connections between every city mentioned in the book and identifiable tells have been made.3 The arguments and conclusions have been made on the basis of biblical, archaeological, and geographical considerations. The proponents of the Conquest Theory have been in the forefront in gathering information about "biblical" sites with the intention of supporting the theory that the Israelites took Canaan by military conquest.4For the past thirty years, however, there has been a growing 'This paper is a revised and expanded version of research directed by William H. Shea, to whom it is dedicated in honor of his sixty-fifth year; 6.David Merling Sr., The Book ofJoshua: Its Theme and Role in Archaeological Discussions, Andrews University Seminary Doctoral Dissertation Series, vol.