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Ncds Risk Factors in CAMBODIA, 2010 University of Health Sciences Ministry of Health PREVALENCE OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE RISK FACTORS IN CAMBODIA STEPS Survey Country Report, September 2010 This survey was jointly prepared by the University of Health Sciences and the Preventive Medicine Department of the Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Cambodia, with support from the World Health Organization. The views expressed in this report are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the World Health Organization. All photos used in this report are copyright of the University of Health Sciences and the Preventive Medicine Department. PREVALENCE OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE RISK FACTORS IN CAMBODIA STEPS Survey, Country Report, September 2010 Report prepared by: OUM Sophal1 PRAK Piseth Raingsey2 KHUON Eng Mony² MEY Vannareth¹ AIM Sothea¹ BOUNCHAN Youttiroung¹ CIN Sovannara¹ PEN Linda¹ LOUN Sathia¹ 1 University of Health Sciences, 73 Monivong Blvd., Phnom Penh, Cambodia (E-mail: [email protected]) 2 Preventive Medicine Department, Ministry of Health, 151-153 Kampuchea Krom Blvd., Phnom Penh, Cambodia (E-mail: [email protected]) TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. i LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................iii LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... vi ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................... vii FOREWORD .......................................................................................................................... ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. x SUMMARY OF FINDINGS .......................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Statement of the problem ............................................................................................. 2 1.2 Previous surveys on NCDs .......................................................................................... 2 1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Survey ............................................................................... 3 CHAPTER II: SURVEY METHODOLOGY ................................................................................... 5 2.1 Survey design/scope .................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Survey population and sampling ................................................................................. 7 2.3 Training ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Data collection ........................................................................................................... 10 2.5 Summary of combined risk factors for developing NCDs ........................................ 15 2.6 Data entry and cleaning ............................................................................................. 15 2.7 Weighting of data ...................................................................................................... 15 2.8 Data analysis .............................................................................................................. 15 CHAPTER III: SURVEY RESULTS ............................................................................................ 17 3.1 Description of the sample .......................................................................................... 18 3.2 Tobacco use ............................................................................................................... 26 3.3 Alcohol Consumption ................................................................................................ 34 3.4 Eating pattern ............................................................................................................. 43 3.5 Physical Activity ....................................................................................................... 47 3.6 Blood Pressure and Diabetes History ........................................................................ 51 3.7 Physical Measurements ............................................................................................. 58 i 3.8 BIOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS ................................................................................. 70 3.9 Summary of Combined Risk Factors ........................................................................ 75 Chapter IV: Discussion ....................................................................................................... 77 4.1 NCD risk factors ........................................................................................................ 78 4.2 Strengths and limitations ........................................................................................... 80 4.3 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 81 4.4 Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 81 References…………………………………………………………………………………..82 APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................... 83 Appendix 1: Sample Size Calculation ................................................................................... 84 Appendix 2: Selection of clusters .......................................................................................... 85 Appendix 3: List of selected clusters ..................................................................................... 86 Appendix 4: Questionnaires .................................................................................................. 94 Appendix 5: Show cards ...................................................................................................... 108 Appendix 6: Participant Feedback Form (Step 2) ............................................................... 110 Appendix 7: Participant Feedback Form (Step 3) ............................................................... 111 Appendix 8: BMI Classification Chart ................................................................................ 112 Appendix 9: Weighting of data ........................................................................................... 113 Appendix10: Team members .............................................................................................. 115 Appendix 11: Data Book for Cambodia (whole country) ................................................... 117 Appendix 12: Fact Sheet ..................................................................................................... 167 ii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Percentage of responses by background characteristic and STEPS level ............... 20 Table 2: Demographic indicators .......................................................................................... 21 Table 3: Marital status of respondents ................................................................................... 22 Table 4: Highest level of education achieved by the survey respondents ............................. 24 Table 5: Household income ................................................................................................... 24 Table 6: Proportion of respondents in paid employment and those who are unpaid in the past year ................................................................................................................................ 25 Table 7: Proportion of respondents in unpaid work over the past year ................................. 25 Table 8: Percent distribution of the smoking status of all respondents ................................. 26 Table 9: Prevalence of daily smokers among current smokers and mean age of initiation of smoking, in years, among daily smokers ....................................................................... 27 Table 10: Prevalence and mean amount of smoking by types of tobacco among daily smokers .......................................................................................................................... 28 Table 11: Percentage of ex-daily smokers among all respondents and the mean duration, in years, since ex-daily smokers quit smoking daily ......................................................... 29 Table 12: Percentage of current users of smokeless tobacco among all respondents ........... 30 Table 13: Mean times per day of smokeless tobacco used by smokeless tobacco users ....... 31 Table 14: Percentage of daily and current (daily plus non-daily) tobacco users, includes smoking and smokeless, among all respondents ........................................................... 32 Table 15: Percentage of respondents exposed to ETS in home and in the workplace on one or more days in the past 7 days ..................................................................................... 33 Table 16: Alcohol consumption status of all respondents ....................................................
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