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Quantitative Analysis of the Impacts of Croatia's Agricultural Trade

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Quantitative Analysis of the Impacts of Croatia's Agricultural Trade econstor www.econstor.eu Der Open-Access-Publikationsserver der ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft The Open Access Publication Server of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics Petrick, Martin; Schreiber, Catrin; Weingarten, Peter Working Paper Competitiveness of milk and wine production and processing in Albania Discussion paper // Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe, No. 68 Provided in cooperation with: Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO) Suggested citation: Petrick, Martin; Schreiber, Catrin; Weingarten, Peter (2004) : Competitiveness of milk and wine production and processing in Albania, Discussion paper // Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe, No. 68, http:// hdl.handle.net/10419/28505 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die ZBW räumt Ihnen als Nutzerin/Nutzer das unentgeltliche, The ZBW grants you, the user, the non-exclusive right to use räumlich unbeschränkte und zeitlich auf die Dauer des Schutzrechts the selected work free of charge, territorially unrestricted and beschränkte einfache Recht ein, das ausgewählte Werk im Rahmen within the time limit of the term of the property rights according der unter to the terms specified at → http://www.econstor.eu/dspace/Nutzungsbedingungen → http://www.econstor.eu/dspace/Nutzungsbedingungen nachzulesenden vollständigen Nutzungsbedingungen zu By the first use of the selected work the user agrees and vervielfältigen, mit denen die Nutzerin/der Nutzer sich durch die declares to comply with these terms of use. erste Nutzung einverstanden erklärt. Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft zbw Leibniz Information Centre for Economics DISCUSSION PAPER Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe COMPETITIVENESS OF MILK AND WINE PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING IN ALBANIA MARTIN PETRICK, CATRIN SCHREIBER, PETER WEINGARTEN DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 68 2004 Theodor-Lieser-Straße 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany Phone: +49-345-2928-0 Fax: +49-345-2928-199 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.iamo.de Dr. PETER WEINGARTEN is currently the acting Head of Department for External Environment for Ag- riculture and Policy Analysis at the Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO). DR. MARTIN PETRICK is a postdoctoral researcher at the Institute of Agricultural De- velopment in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO), Division: External Environment for Agriculture and Policy Analysis, in Halle, Germany. His research focuses on rural development processes in Cen- tral and Eastern Europe. During the work at this project, CATRIN SCHREIBER was a researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO), Division: External En- vironment for Agriculture and Policy Analysis. Her research interests are international agricultural de- velopment and agricultural transition in Southeastern Europe. Address: Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO) Theodor-Lieser-Straße 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany Phone: +49-345-2928 130 Fax: +49-345-2928 199 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.iamo.de This Discussion Paper is based on a study carried out on behalf of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Tech- nische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) with the financial support of the German Ministry for Economic Co- operation and Development (BMZ). We would like to thank Roland Cela and Ismail Beka from GTZ Albania, Cilieta Prifti, Elona Petanaj, Rakita Basha, Hamza Hyka, Etleva Husi and Merishan Stafa from the Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Valbona Ylli and Merita Uruci, Prof. Maksim Meco and students from the University of Tirana, Hermann Recknagel from BEVCON Consultants GmbH, and Dr. Detlev Boettcher from GTZ Eschborn for their support. Discussion Papers are interim reports on work of the Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO) and have received only limited reviews. Views or opinions expressed in them do not necessarily represent those of IAMO. Comments are welcome and should be addressed directly to the author(s). The series Discussion Papers is edited by: Prof. Dr. Alfons Balmann (IAMO) PD Dr. Heinrich Hockmann (IAMO) Dr. Peter Weingarten (IAMO) ISSN 1438-2172 Competitiveness of milk and wine production and processing in Albania 3 ABSTRACT This study provides an empirical assessment of the competitiveness of Albanian dairy and wine production, based on specifically collected survey data. For both product groups, the analysis is carried out on two levels: farm level production of raw material and processing and manufacturing of the final product in the food industry. In a third step, both levels are aggre- gated to analyse the competitiveness of the entire production chain for each product group. Overall, the wine sector appears in an economically more favourable situation than the milk sector. Although there is currently no relevant export of wine, there has been considerable in- vestment activity at the farm level and the harmonisation of quality standards with EU legisla- tion is currently pursued. Grape processing is currently profitable. Small farm and herd sizes limit the profitability and efficiency of dairy farming. Fragmented and dispersed production units increase the costs of milk collection. International quality standards are by far not met. This is partially due to the high share of informally traded milk and the importance of direct sales to consumers. It is therefore unlikely that Albanian dairy products will become interna- tionally competitive in the near future. JEL: P23, Q12, Q13 Keywords: Agricultural sector, competitiveness, milk, wine, Albania. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG WETTBEWERBSFÄHIGKEIT VON MILCH- UND WEINPRODUKTION UND -VERARBEITUNG IN ALBANIEN Die vorliegende Studie beinhaltet eine Einschätzung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der albanischen Milch- und Weinproduktion, die sich auf spezifisch gesammelte Betriebsdaten stützt. Für beide Produktgruppen wird eine Analyse auf zwei Ebenen durchgeführt: Erzeugung der Rohprodukte und Verarbeitungsstufe. In einem dritten Schritt werden die Teilergebnisse der beiden Ebenen zu einer Gesamtbewertung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der jeweiligen Produktions- und Verarbei- tungskette zusammengeführt. Insgesamt präsentiert sich der albanische Weinsektor in ökono- misch günstigerer Verfassung als der Milchsektor. Auch wenn der Export von albanischem Wein derzeit keine Rolle spielt, werden die notwendigen rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen für die Sicherung von Qualität und Herkunftsbezeichnung bei Wein werden derzeit geschaffen. Auf der Erzeugerebene wurden in den vergangenen Jahren bereits größere Investitionen durchge- führt. Die Verarbeitungsstufe weist positive wirtschaftliche Ergebnisse auf. Milchproduktion und -verarbeitung leiden unter mangelnden Hygienestandards und einem stark informell ge- prägten, untransparenten Markt für Frischprodukte. Unter diesen Bedingungen fällt es den Mol- kereien schwer, sich wirtschaftlich zu behaupten. Es ist daher nicht zu erwarten, dass albanische Milchprodukte in nächster Zeit international wettbewerbsfähig sein werden. JEL: P23, Q12, Q13 Schlüsselwörter: Agrarsektor, Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, Milch, Wein, Albanien. Competitiveness of milk and wine production and processing in Albania 5 CONTENTS Abstract.............................................................................................................................. 3 Zusammenfassung............................................................................................................. 3 List of figures .............................................................................................................................. 6 List of tables................................................................................................................................ 6 List of tables in the annex ........................................................................................................... 7 List of abbreviations.................................................................................................................... 8 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Project background and objectives....................................................................................... 9 1.2 Overview of the research report............................................................................................ 10 2 Albania's agricultural sector........................................................................................ 10 3 Theory and methodology of analysing competitiveness............................................. 13 3.1 Defining competitiveness...................................................................................................... 13 3.2 Profitability and resource cost analysis ................................................................................ 13 3.3 Empirical approach of the study ........................................................................................... 14 4 Competitiveness of Albanian milk production ........................................................... 15 4.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 15 4.2 Economic environment of milk production .......................................................................... 15 4.2.1 Policies
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