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Great Lakes Hydrometeorologic and Hydraulic Data Needs

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Great Lakes Hydrometeorologic and Hydraulic Data Needs Great Lakes Hydrometeorologic and Hydraulic Data Needs Appendix A GREAT LAKES HYDROFETEOROLOGIC AND HYDRAULIC DATA NEEDS APPENDIX A HYDRAULICS, HYDROLOGY, AND SYSTEMS EVALUATION REPORT TO THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION BY THE INTEKNATIONAL GREAT LAKES TECHNICAL INFORMATION NETWORK BOARD (UNDER THE REFERENCE OF 19 NOVEliSER 1979) December 1984 TABLE OF CONTENTS -Paragraph Page SECTION A1 INTRODUCTION Al. 1 AUTHORITY A1.2 TEKMS OF REFERENCE A1.3 QUESTIONNAIRES AND SURVEYS A1.4 COMMITTEE OKGANIZATION A1.5 TEHfINOLOGY AND UNITS OF MEASUREEENT SECTION A2 GREAT LAKES BASIN DESCRIPTION AND WATER MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES A2.1 GENERAL A2.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY A2.3 CLIMATE A2.4 HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULICS ~2.5 GREAT LAKES WATER LEVEL AND now REGULATION A2.5.1 St. Marys River A2.5.2 St. Clair - Detroit River System A2.5.3 Niagara River A2.5.4 St. Lawrence River A2.6 GREAT LAKES SUBBASIN WATER MANAGEMENT A2.6.1 Canada A2.6.2 United States SECTION A3 EXISTING STATION NETWORK A3.1 GENERAL A3.2 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION A3.2.1 Meteorologic Parameters A3.2.2 ~~draulic/HydrologicParameters TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) -Paragraph Page DATA COLLECTION AGENCIES AND EXISTING STATION NETWORKS AND DATA SYSTEMS Canadian Systems Atmospheric Environment Service (AES), Environment Canada Water Survey of Canada (WSC), Environment Canada Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada Ontario Ministry of the Environment (OMOE) Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) Ontario Hydro (OH) United States Systems National Weather Service (HWS), NOAA National Ocean Service (NOS), NOAA National Environnental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), NOAA Great Lakes Environnental Research Laboratory (GLERL), N OAA United States Coast Guard (USCG) United States Geological Survey (USGS) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (CUE) Others STATION DIRECTORY ACCURACY OF WATER LEVEL GAUGES AND DATA DATA COORDINATION AND DISSEMINATION ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING AND FUTURE DATA ACQUISITION TECHNIQUES General State-of-the-Art Data Collection Lake Superior Water Supply Study INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGETENTS Internatfonal Exchange System International Institutional Arrangements Canadian Institutional Arrangements United States Institutional Arrangements TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) -Paragraph SECTION A4 DATA NEEDS AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS GENERAL INTERNATIONAL (IJC) BOARDS AND COMMITTEES International Lake Superior Board of Control International Niagara Board of Control and International Niagara Committee International St. Lawrence River Board of Control International Great Lakes Water Quality Board International Great Lakes Science Advisory Board Coordinating Committee on Great Lakes Basic Hydraulic and Hydrologic Data UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN FEDERAL AGENCIES U. S. Army Corps of Engineers United States Geological Survey National Ocean Survey, NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, NOAA National Weather Service, NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory , NOAA United States Coast Guard Water Planning and Management Branch, Environment Canada Water Resources Branch (Water Survey of Canada), Environment Canada Atmospheric Environment Service, Environment Canada Public Works Canada, Ontario Region Fisheries and Oceans Canada Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Coast Guard, Transport Canada STATE AND PROVINCIAL AGENCIES Ohio Department of Natural Resources New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Illinois Department of Conservation Michigan Department of Natural Resources Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Water Resources Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment iii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont 'd) Paragraph -Page Lands and Waters, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources A-104 Ontario Hydro A-105 Conservation Authorities A- 105 OTHER ORGANIZATIONS A-105 St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation Lake Carriers Association HYDROLOGIC AND HYDRAULIC MODELS AND THEIR DATA REQUIREMENTS Evaluation of Meteorologic Network Adequacy in Estimating Runoff Evaluation of Streamflow Network Adequacy in Estimating Net Basin Supply ASSESSMENT OF NETWORKS IN RELATION TO USERS Network Gaps Optimum Meteorologic Network Optimum Hydrologic Network COSTS OF NETWORK EXPANSION AND STATION AUTOMATION AS SUGGESTED BY DATA COLLECTING AGENCIES Streamf low Stations Meteorologic Stations Water Level Stations SECTION A5 ALTERNATIVE SCENARIOS GENERAL SCENARIO 1 - INDEPENDENT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT Effect on IJC Boards Atmospheric Environment Service Water Survey of Canada Canadian Hydrographic Service Ontario Hydro National Weather Service National Ocean Service Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory United States Geological Survey U.S. Army Corps of Engineers SCENARIO 2 - IMPROVED COliMUNICATIONS AND DATA CENTRALIZATION TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) Paragraph Page >-- A5.4 SCENARIO 3 - NATIONAL DATA CENTRALIZATION A-137 SECTION A6 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES AND EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES GENERAL SYSTEM CHARACTEKISTICS Accessibility Expandibilit y Maintainability Reliability OPERATIONAL MODEL CONSIDERATIONS Data Transmission Model Development Forecasts Responsiveness Current and Future Needs ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES SECTION A7 COST AND ACCURACY ANALYSIS GENERAL POTENTIAL ACCUKACY DIPROVEMENTS EXPECTED ACCURACY TMPROVEPENTS Meteorologic Data Network Streanflow Data Network Hydraulic Data Network EXPECTED COSTS OF SYSTEMS IMPROVEMENT Meteorologic Data Acquisition Costs Hydrometric Data Acquisition Costs Hydraulic Data Acquisition Costs Computer Costs Independent Agency Development (Scenario 1) Improved Communication. and Data Centralization (Scenario 2) National Data Centralization (Scenario 3) TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont 'd) -Paragraph SECTION A8 FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS LIST OF ANNEXES ---Annex A TERMS OF REFERENCE A-173 B LIST OF PARTICIPANTS A-175 C CONVERSION FACTORS (METRIC TO BRITISH UNITS) A-179 D TERMINOLOGY (DEFINITION OF TERMS) A-181 E LIST OF IJC BOARDS, GOVERNMEEJT AGENCIES, AND OTHER A-185 ORGANIZATIONS RESPONDING TO ICLTIN BOARD QUESTIONNAIRES SUbiMARY OF RESPONSES OF IJC BOARDS, GOVERhTENT AGENCIES, A-187 AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS LIST OF TABLES Number Page--.-- 1 Percentage of Land Area Gauged by Basin to Measure A-2 1 Runoff 2 Present Canadian Streamflow Station Network - Lake Superior 3 Present Canadian Streamflow Station Network - Lake Huron 4 Present Canadian Streanflow Station, Network - Lake St. Clair 5 Present Canadian Streamflow Station Network - Lake Erie 6 Present Canadian Streamflow Station Network - Lake Ontario TABLE OF CONTENTS ( Cont ' d) LIST OF TABLES (Cont'd) Number Page -- .-- 7 List of Active Snow Courses in Canadian Portion A-36 of the Basin Percentage of Land Area Gauged by State to Measure Runoff List of United States Streamflow Stations having Telemarks, Observers, or Satellite Data Relay Capability Summary of Improvements Suggested by Users Summary of Present and Future Data Needs by Categories and Users Summary of Data Requirements of theGreat Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory Hypothetical Inflow Network Proposed by Water Survey of Canada for Lake Superior Hypothetical Inflow Network Proposed by Uater Survey of Canada for Lake Huron Hypothetical Inflow Network Proposed by Water Survey of Canada for Lake St. Clair Hypothetical Inflow Network proposed by Water Survey of Canada for Lake Ontario Summary of Data Needs of Conservation Authorities in Ontario ~~drologic/HydraulicModels and Their Data Requirements Summary of Cost for Expanded Streanflow Network as Suggested by USGS Summary of Cost for Expanded Hypothetical Streamflow Network as Suggested by Water Survey of Canada AES Recommended New Climatologic Stations for Lake Superior Basin by Priority vii , TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) LIST OF TABLES (Cont'd) Number .--.Page - 22 AES Recommended New Climatologic Stations for Lake Huron A-125 Basin by Priority 2 3 Costs to Implement TRADE Nationwide A-136 24 Ranking of Scenarios A-145 25 Estimated Number of Real-Time Meteorologic Stations A-149 Required in the Great Lakes Basins 26 Scenario Costs A-158 LIST OF FIGURES Number Page- 1 Map of the Great Lakes Drainage Basin A-3 Lake Superior Drainage Basin Showing Area A-2 2 Gauged by Streamflow Stations Lake Huron Drainage Basin Showing Area Gauged by Streamflow Stations Lake St. Clair Drainage Basin Showing Area Gauged by Streamflow Stations Lake Erie Drainage Basin Showing Area Gauged by Streamflow Stations Lake Ontario Drainage Basin Showing Area Gauged by Streamf low Stations Lake Michigan Drainage Basin Showing Area Gauged by Streamf low Stations Locations of New Streamflow Stations Recommended by USGS and Water Survey of Canada Cumulative Percent Area Gauged vs Number of Stations - Canadian Portion of Lake Superior Basin TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) LIST OF FIGURES (Cont'd) Number Page---- 10 Cumulative Percent Area Gauged vs Number of A-9 2 Stations - Canadian Portion of Lake Huron Basin Cumulative Percent Area Gauged vs Number of Stations - Canadian Portion of Lake St. Clair Basin Cumulative Percent Area Gauged vs Number of Stations - Canadian Portion of Lake Erie Rasin Cumulative Percent Area Gauged vs Number of Stations - Canadian Portion of Lake Ontario Basin Locations of New Climatologic and Real-Time Stations Recommended by AES Capital and Annual O&M Cost Curves for Improving Coverage in Canadian Portion of Lake Superior Basin Capital and Annual O&M Cost Curves for Improving Coverage in Canadian Portion of Lake Huron Basin Capital and Annual O&M
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