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A Journal of the California Native Plant Society

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A Journal of the California Native Plant Society $5.00 (Free to Members) Vol. 32, No. 4 October 2004 FREMONTIA A JOURNAL OF THE CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY IN THIS ISSUE: WHITE ROOT (CAREX BARBARAE ) by Michelle L. Stevens 3 ETHNOECOLOGY OF SELECTED CALIFORNIA WETLAND PLANTS by Michelle L. Stevens 7 INTO THE SUNLIGHT: FROM FUNGUS TO FLOWER IDENTIFICATION by Bob and Barbara Sommer 16 THE RARE CALIFORNIA CLUB MOSSES 20 VOLUME 32:4, OCTOBER 2004 - by Gordon Leppig AUGUST FRUGÉ, 94, DEAN OF UNIVERSITY PRESS PUBLISHERS by Harlan Kessel 23 CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY FREMONTIA CNPS, 2707 K Street, Suite 1; Sacramento, CA 95816-5113 (916) 447-CNPS (2677) Fax: (916) 447-2727 VOL. 32, NO. 4, OCTOBER 2004 [email protected] Copyright © 2004 MEMBERSHIP California Native Plant Society Membership form located on inside back cover; dues include subscriptions to Fremontia and the Bulletin Distributed in November 2004 Mariposa Lily . $1,000 Supporting . $75 Linda Ann Vorobik, Editor Benefactor . $500 Family, Group, International . $45 Bob Hass, Copy Editor Patron . $250 Individual or Library . $35 Susan Cotterel, Designer Plant Lover . $100 Student/Retired/Limited Income . $20 Justin Holl & Jake Sigg, Proofreaders STAFF CHAPTER COUNCIL CALIFORNIA NATIVE Sacramento Office: Alta Peak (Tulare) . Joan Stewart PLANT SOCIETY Executive Director . Pamela C. Bristlecone (Inyo-Mono) . Muick, PhD Sherryl Taylor Channel Islands . Lynne Kada Development Director . Michael Dedicated to the Preservation of Dorothy King Young (Mendocino/ the California Native Flora Tomlinson Sonoma Coast) . Jon Thompson The California Native Plant Society Membership Coordinator . Marin East Bay . Joe Willingham (CNPS) is a statewide nonprofit orga- Lemieux El Dorado . Amy Hoffman nization dedicated to increasing the Sales Manager . Paul Maas Kern County . Laura Stockton understanding and appreciation of Finance Manager . Lois Cunningham Los Angeles/Santa Monica Mtns . California’s native plants, and to pre- At Large: Betsey Landis serving them and their natural habi- Marin County . Bob Soost Fremontia Editor . Linda Ann Milo Baker (Sonoma County) . tats for future generations. Vorobik, PhD Reny Parker CNPS carries out its mission Sr. Policy Analyst . Emily Mojave Desert . Tim Thomas through science, conservation advo- Roberson, PhD Monterey Bay . Robert Hale cacy, education, and horticulture at So. California Regional Botanist . Mount Lassen . Jim Bishop the local, state, and federal levels. It Ileene Anderson Napa Valley . Marcie Danner monitors rare and endangered plants East Bay Conservation Analyst . North Coast . Larry Levine and habitats; acts to save endangered North San Joaquin . Gail Clark Jessica Jean Olsen areas through publicity, persuasion, Orange County . Sarah Jayne Interim Rare Plant Botanist . and on occasion, legal action; pro- Redbud (Grass Valley/Auburn) . Misa Ward vides expert testimony to government Chet Blackburn bodies; supports the establishment of Vegetation Ecologist . Julie Evens Riverside/San Bernardino counties . native plant preserves; sponsors work- Vegetation Ecologist . Anne Klein Katie Barrows days to remove invasive plants; and San Bruno Mtn. Project Coordinator Sacramento Valley . Diana Hickson offers a range of educational activities Joe Cannon San Diego . Dave Flietner including speaker programs, field trips, Legislative Advocate .Vern Goehring San Gabriel Mtns . Lyn McAfee native plant sales, horticultural work- Legal Advisor . Sandy McCoy San Luis Obispo . Charles Blair Sanhedrin (Ukiah) . Chuck Williams shops, and demonstration gardens. Website Coordinator . Santa Clara Valley . Georgia Stigall John Donaghue Since its founding in 1965, the tra- Santa Cruz County . Janell Hillman ditional strength of CNPS has been Bulletin Editor . Michael Tomlinson Sequoia (Fresno) . Warren Shaw its dedicated volunteers. CNPS ac- Shasta . Dave DuBose BOARD OF DIRECTORS tivities are organized at the local chap- Sierra Foothills (Tuolumne, Cala- ter level where members’ varied in- Carol Baird, Jim Bishop, Vern veras, Mariposa) . Patrick Stone terests influence what is done. Volun- Goehring, Steve Hartman, Diana South Coast (Palos Verdes) . teers from the 33 CNPS chapters an- Hickson, Lynn Houser, Lynne Kada, Barbara Sattler nually contribute in excess of 87,000 David L. Magney, Sandy McCoy, J. Tahoe . Michael Hogan hours (equivalent to 42 full-time em- Spence McIntyre, Carol Witham Willis L. Jepson (Solano) . ployees). (President) Allison Fleck Yerba Buena (San Francisco) . CNPS membership is open to all. PROGRAM DIRECTORS Members receive the quarterly jour- Mark Heath nal, Fremontia, the quarterly statewide CNPS Press . Holly Forbes and Gail Milliken MATERIALS FOR Bulletin, and newsletters from their PUBLICATION local CNPS chapter. Conservation . David Chipping Horticulture . Peigi Duvall CNPS members and others are wel- Fremontia logo (by L.A. Vorobik) re- Posters . Bertha McKinley come to contribute materials for pub- printed from The Jepson Manual, J. and Wilma Follette lication in Fremontia. See the inside Hickman, Ed., 1993, with permission Rare Plants . Ann Howald back cover for manuscript submission from the Jepson Herbarium, UC. © Re- Vegetation . .Todd Keeler-Wolf instructions. gents of the University of California. Printed by Business Point Impressions, Concord, CA VOLUME 32:4, OCTOBER 2004 CONTENTS GUEST EDITORIAL ............................................................................................. 2 WHITE ROOT (CAREX BARBARAE ) by Michelle L. Stevens ........3 White root (Carex barbarae) is a cultural focal species, important to both California Indian basketweavers and restoration ecologists. Traditional resource management of white root produces long, straight rhizomes to make baskets. Additionally, historic tending of sedge beds created an open and park-like riparian physiognomy. Continued sedge bed tending and gathering is both culturally and ecologically important. ETHNOECOLOGY OF SELECTED CALIFORNIA WETLAND PLANTS by Michelle L. Stevens................................................................... 7 California wetlands were as much the breadbasket of indigenous culture as Mesopotamia was to the Middle East. Common wetland plants provide food, medicine, habitat for fish and wildlife, and provide the natural resources for clothing, houses, boats, cordage, and beautiful California Indian baskets. This article reviews some of the more common wetland plants along with their ecological traits and traditional uses. INTO THE SUNLIGHT: FROM FUNGUS TO FLOWER IDENTIFICATION by Bob and Barbara Sommer................................ 16 After 30 years in amateur mycology, the authors became interested in wildflowers. They compare the two fields in terms of locations where items are sought, collecting practices, methods of identification, sensory properties, field guides, and sketching. THE RARE CALIFORNIA CLUB-MOSSES by Gordon Leppig.......... 20 Club-mosses are distant spore-bearing cousins of ferns and conifers. This diverse lineage is at least 300 million years old and occurs throughout much of the world. California, however, has only two species and both are rare. The author describes the life history of these unusual species, their habitats, and the conservation strategies employed to protect them. AUGUST FRUGÉ, 94, DEAN OF UNIVERSITY PRESS PUBLISHERS by Harlan Kessel ............................................................................................ 23 August Frugé, director of University of California Press, passed away in July of this year. Along with being a California Native Plant Society founding member and past president, he was an amazing individual, a great champion of the environment, and considered by many to be the dean of university press publishers. THE COVER: This ethnobotanical cornucopia includes Miwok coiled baskets, a soap root brush, a pine needle basket, necklaces made of dried madrone berries, a necklace made of gray pine nuts and beads, and basket materials. Photograph by M.L. Stevens. VOLUME 32:4, OCTOBER 2004 FREMONTIA 1 GUEST EDITORIAL: LIVING IN A TENDED LANDSCAPE—“RESTORYING” USEFUL WEBSITES AND CONTACT NATURE AND CULTURE INFORMATION Ethnobotanical resources: he restorying of landscape means bringing back the language and oral See p. 15 T maps encoded in stories, recreating the sacred ecology of native lands. California Native Plant For example, the Nez Perce coyote stories recreate trails along the Colum- Society (CNPS): bia River, with key landmarks, inhabited areas, hunting and fishing grounds, www.cnps.org, with links to and even major disturbances like volcanoes, fires, and floods included in the conservation issues, chapters, story. Consider the words from Agnes-Baker Pilgrim, spiritual leader and publications, policy, etc. elder of the Takilma Indians from Grants Pass, Oregon, who encourages us To sign up for “NPCC News,” to “be spiritually strong and speak out for those who cannot speak.” She said: e-mail news on native plant “When our ancestors left this earth, leaving us their unfinished job, you science and conservation, send know they walked in beauty by the evidence of their care for our Mother a request to [email protected]. Earth. Rivers were pristine, habitats carefully kept in balance, used only in For updates on conservation moderation, knowing all things were connected and part of the fabric of issues: life and had a spirit. They knew how to use fire in an ethnic way of re- forestation and the times of rotation of cycles using the cool burnings. Audubon Society Every year the salmon rites were traditionally experienced,
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