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Journal of Threatened Taxa OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication A new record of the lesser-known butterfly Small Woodbrown Lethe nicetella de Nicéville, 1887 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from Khangchendzonga National Park, Sikkim, India Sailendra Dewan, Bhoj Kumar Acharya & Sudeep Ghatani 26 May 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 6 | Pages: 11775–11779 10.11609/jot.3987.10.6.11775-11779 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies and Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints contact <[email protected]> Publisher & Host Partners Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2018 | 10(6): 11775–11779 A new record of the lesser-known butterfly Small Woodbrown Lethe nicetella de Nicéville, 1887 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) Khangchendzonga National Park, Sikkim, India ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Short Sailendra Dewan 1, Bhoj Kumar Acharya 2 & Sudeep Ghatani 3 OPEN ACCESS 1,2,3 Department of Zoology, Sikkim University, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] (corresponding author), 3 [email protected] Abstract: This study reports the recent sightng of Small Woodbrown Lethe Hubner [1819], is a buterfy genus under the Lethe nicetella from Khangchendzonga Natonal Park in West Sikkim subfamily Satyrinae of the family Nymphalidae. The District, India. It was originally described by de Nicéville (1887) based on the collecton of males and one female by Oto Möller from genus is distributed from Borneo through the Sunda Sikkim but the exact type locality was unknown. We also reviewed Islands, Japan, Siberia, Himalaya and peninsular India various historical and contemporary reports on the descripton and distributon of this species. We did not fnd any report of collecton (Mani 1986). Morphologically, the upperpart of these or sightng of the species from India afer Elwes & Möller (1888). buterfies are brown with apical spots on the forewing The occurrence of this species in Sikkim is mentoned in Haribal and spots or ocelli on the hindwing. They also bear (1992) but it is not clear whether the report is based on sightngs or historical records because sightng locaton is not given, indicatng its distnctve ocelli on the under parts of the wings. The descripton based on museum specimens. Hence, we conclude that habitat of most of the species of this genus is bamboo the Small Woodbrown L. nicetella was sighted afer a gap of around forest or grassy patches in the forest. 120 years. Further, we have provided the frst photographic records of a live individual of this species from India. Our fnding indicates a Sikkim is a small land locked Himalayan state in possibility of existence of many cryptc taxa that should be explored India covering an area of 7,096km². It lies in western using morphological and molecular approaches. extremites of the eastern Himalaya, a part of one Keywords: Buterfies, Lethe nicetella, Sikkim, Small Woodbrown. among the 36 biodiversity hotspots of the world (CEPF DOI: htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3987.10.6.11775-11779 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AF06A883-FD20-4383-A6F0-D28B3963E1E6 Editor: Sanjay Sondhi Titli Trust, Dehradun, India. Date of publicaton: 26 May 2018 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # 3987 | Received 30 December 2017 | Final received 08 February 2018 | Finally accepted 02 May 2018 Citaton: Dewan. S., B.K. Acharya & S. Ghatani (2018). A new record of the lesser-known buterfy Small Woodbrown Lethe nicetella de Nicéville, 1887 (Lepidop- tera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from Khangchendzonga Natonal Park, Sikkim, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(6): 11775–11779; htp://doi.org/10.11609/ jot.3987.10.6.11775-11779 Copyright: © Dewan. et al. 2018. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this artcle in any medium, reproducton and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Funding: This paper is a part of the project “Distributon patern and conservaton of buterfies along the elevatonal gradient in Rangeet Valley, Sikkim, Eastern Himalaya’’ funded by The Ruford Foundaton through Ruford Small Grants, UK (Grant ID:20758-1). SD was supported with non-NET fellowship of University Grants Commission, New Delhi provided through Sikkim University. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Acknowledgements: We thank Sikkim University for providing facilites to undertake this research. We would like to thank Dr. Peter Smetacek and Mr. Monsoon Jyot Gogoi for helping us with identfcaton of Lethe nicetella and providing valuable historical notes on this species. We thank Dr. Basundhara Chetri for valuable suggeston on taxonomic approaches. We are grateful to the Research Evaluaton and Monitoring Cell (REMC) of the Department of Forest, Environment & Wildlife Management, Government of Sikkim for providing us with permit to study buterfies in Sikkim. We would like to thank Mr. Nawangla Bhuta along with other members of Buterfy and Moths of Sikkim, Nature Conservaton Society (BAMOS) for their contnued support in our feld studies. 11775 Record of Lethe nicetella afer 120 years Dewan et al. 2017). Due to its steep mountainous terrain, Sikkim Table 1. Details of historical records of Lethe nicetella from India experiences rapid changes in climatc conditon from sub- Scientfc Name Locality and elevaton References tropical type in low elevaton to alpine conditon in high Sikkim (based on Oto Lethe nicetella de Nicéville (1887) elevaton. The synergetc efect of elevaton, climate and Möller’s collecton) Collected from Ghoom historical factors (pre-historic tectonic movements and Lethe nicetella and Tonglu (now in West Elwes & Möller (1888) paleoclimate) has made it one of the most biologically Bengal), 2,134–2,744 m Sikkim (Based on de diverse regions in the world, despite its small area (Ali Sinchula nicetella Moore (1892) Nicéville 1887) 1962). Buterfies in Sikkim are represented by 689 Lethe nicetella Sikkim, 2,134m Bingham (1905) species, and genera such as Lethe appear to display high Lethe nicetella Sikkim, 2,134m Antram (1924) diversity (Haribal 1992). Mentoned about museum Eminent naturalists extensively documented specimen collected from Lethe nicetella Tablot (1947) th Gangtok and Karponang in buterfies of Sikkim in the 19 century. Among them Sikkim, 1,524–2,744 m were the noted entomologists de Nicéville (1881, 1882, Lethe nicetella Sikkim Wynter-Blyth (1957) 1883, 1885, 1894) and Elwes (1882, 1887) but most of Lethe nicetella Sikkim Haribal (1992) this literature refers to taxonomy and listng of species. Lethe nicetella Sikkim, 1,800–2,800 m Kehimkar (2008) Haribal et al. (1988) presented a checklist of 103 species of buterfies along with their sightng locatons in Sikkim. Haribal (1992) remains the most exhaustve publicaton made so far on the buterfies of Sikkim. menton of this species is by Elwes & Möller (1888). The With a gap of almost two decades, systematc studies authors recorded this species along the Goompahar and on buterfies in the region have increased in recent the fanks of Tonglo during July and August. “Goompahar” years (Acharya & Vijayan 2011, 2015; Chetri 2015). referred to here is now known as “Ghoom” and “Tonglo” Species protected under Indian Wildlife (Protecton) Act as Tonglu, both lies in Darjeeling District, West Bengal, 1972, such as Symbrenthia silana (Kunte, 2010), Lethe India. Darjeeling was a part of the then Kingdom of margaritae and Nepts nycteus (Rai et al., 2012) have Sikkim, but later managed under the Britsh Empire and recently been rediscovered in the state afer almost 100 now a part of West Bengal State in India (Subba 1992). years. All these studies have indicated the probability of Hence, based on Elwes’s observaton (Elwes & Möller occurrence of many species that awaits rediscovery or 1888), Darjeeling, West Bengal, should be included possibly even new species discovery. in distributon range of the species in the upcoming Here, we report the recent sightng of Small literatures. Bailey (1951) reports the occurrence of the Woodbrown Lethe nicetella from Bakhim in West species in Chandagiri (1,820m) and Godavari (1,520m) in Sikkim District, Sikkim, India. The species is protected Nepal, which could be considered as the western most under Schedule II of Indian Wildlife (Protecton) Act extent of the species. The species has also been known 1972 (Anonymous 1997). We also reviewed various to occur in Bhutan (Singh & Chib 2015). Several authors historical and contemporary reports on descripton and have mentoned the occurrence of this species from distributon of this species. Since very less informaton India but it is not clear whether the authors collected is available on this species (and genus Lethe as a the specimens or referred to the museum specimens whole), our fndings add to the existng informaton on (Table 1). Lepidoptera of the Indian sub-contnent in general and The male buterfy has been reported to be more Eastern Himalayan region in partcular. common than the female (de Nicéville 1887; Elwes & Möller 1888); however, this buterfy has been Distributon, habitat and status based on literature considered to be rare (Evans 1927; Tablot 1947; Haribal Lethe nicetella is one among diverse group of species 1992; Kehimkar 2008).
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