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3. the Genera Calyptrochaeta, Dalton/A , Hookeriopsis Andsauloma

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3. the Genera Calyptrochaeta, Dalton/A , Hookeriopsis Andsauloma J Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88: 101- 138 (Aug. 2000) TAXONOMIC STUDIES ON AUSTRALIAN HOOKERIACEAE (MUSCI) 3. THE GENERA CALYPTROCHAETA, DALTON/A , HOOKERIOPSIS ANDSAULOMA 1 H EINAR STREIMANN ABSTRACT. Before this study, 12 species were reported for Australia in these 4 genera, while now this figure stands at 10 species. Previously Hookeriopsis was reported only as a genus for Australia. A new species, Calyprochaeta otwayensis, is described from Victoria. Eriopus tasmanicus Broth. and Calyptrochaeta apiculata (Hook. f. & Wils.) Vitt var. tasmanica (Broth.) Fife are considered to be synonymous with Calyptrochaeta apiculata; Sauloma zetterstedtii (C. Muell.) Jaeg. is a syn. of S. tenella (Hook f. & Wils.) Mitt. and Daltonia pusilla Hook. f. & Wils. is a syn. of D. splachnoides (Sm.) Hook. & Tay!. The following new combination is proposed: - Calyptrochaeta brassii (Bartr.) Streim. Daltonia contorta C. Muell. and Hookeriopsis utacamundiana (Mont.) Broth. are new records for Australia. Deleted from the Australian moss flora are Calyptrochaeta cristata (Hedw.) Desv., Daltonia angustifolia Dozy & Molk., Hookeria acutifolia Hook. and Grev. and H. lucens (Hedw.) Sm. An amended key to all Australian genera of the family is also provided together with in­ formation for the Australian species on distribution, ecology and fertility. INTRODUCTION This is the final of three papers comprising a taxonomic revision of the Australian Hookeriaceae. The first paper (Streimann 1997) dealt with the genera Achrophyllum, Calli­ costel/a, Chaetomitrium and Cyclodictyon and the second paper (Streimann l 999) dealt with Distichophyllum and Bryobrothera . The genera in thi s paper, as those of the previous two papers, had not been taxonomi­ cally investigated for Australia, nor were adequate keys available. Past knowledge com­ prised scattered reports by various authors, mostly overseas while Scott & Stone (1976) brought all that together and presented detailed descriptions of the more common and widespread southern Australian species. The remaining species received only scant atten­ tion or were only listed. Catcheside ( 1980) gave a full description, and illustrated Eriopus apiculatus (Hook. f. & Wils.) Mitt., which is the only species of the genera studied in this paper to occur in South Australia. Therefore with the modest collecting activity in the last 20-30 years in north Queensland, after nearly 100 years of neglect, more collections were available for a critical study. Calyptrochaetal(Eriopus an illegitimate name) was in a state of confusion, mainly be­ cause of inadequate collections on which to make considered judgements. For Australia, 6 species of Calyptrochaeta!Eriopus were reported by Scott & Stone ( 1976) and by Streimann & Curnow ( 1989). 1 Cryptogamic Herbarium, Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Plant Biodiversity Re­ search, GPO Box 1777, Canberra, A.C.T., 2601 , Australia. 102 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0 This revision accepts 6 species including Calyptrochaeta rotundifolia which was pre­ viously reported only from Malaysia (Sabah) and one new species occurring in Victoria and Tasmania. Several collections from north Queensland are tentatively placed in Calyp­ trochaeta apiculata, but some collections could not be named with confidence. More con­ centrated field studies are required of the higher peaks in north Queensland to establish their true identity. Similarly the higher regions between the Hunter Ri ver (New South Wales) and Mackay (Queensland) should be investigated further. Daltonia, a smaller genus, was better understood than Calyptrochaeta!Eriopus, but still several problems remained. When Scott & Stone (1976) reviewed this genus no Queensland collections were available. Sainsbury's (1955) suspicion that Daltonia pusilla Hook. f. & Wils. is a syn. of D. splachnoides is confirmed. D. contorta, a southeast Asian species, was discovered in north Queensland, while further field work may reveal more species that are new to Australia. No named Australian collections of D. angustifolia were found on which previous Australian reports were based (Streimann & Curnow 1989: 102). Hookeriopsis in Australia proved to be the widespread southeast Asian H. utacamundiana, while the range of Sauloma tenella was extended to Western Australia and southern Queensland. For the Australian species investigated in this paper there are no chromosome number reports. For this investigation about 112 collections of Ca/yptrochaeta, 40 of Da/tonia, 3 of Hookeriopsis, and 61 for Sauloma were studied. They comprised the collections housed at CANB and those from herbaria mentioned in the Acknowledgment. The following abbreviations or contractions are used: Ck - Creek, Is. - Island, HS - H. Streimann, L. - Lake, Mt - Mount, N. P. - National Park, N. S. W. - New South Wales, QLD - Queensland, Ra. - Range, Rd - Road, Res. - Reserve, R. - River, S. F. - State Forest. Revised key to Australian Genera 1. Costa single . 2 Costa none, or very weak and un-evenly forked, or double . 5 2. Leaves whorled, variously lanceolate .... ... ... .. ................... Daltonia Leaves complanate, rounded . 3 3. Leafmargin strongly dentate; costa forked above ............ .. .... Achrophyllum Leaf margin crenulate, weakly dentate or entire; cos ta not forked above . 4 4. Leaf margin crenulate; costa prominent, ending in apex; marginal leaf cells not differentiated .... ..... .. ....... .. ............. .. ... .... .. Bryobrothera Leaf margin weakly dentate or entire; costa weak, to mid-leaf or barely to apex; marginal leaf cells differentiated (except in one temperate species) . .. Distichophyllum 5. Costa none, very faint or short, ending below mid-leaf. 6 Costa double, strong, past mid-leaf . 8 6. Leaves :±: orbicular; bordered; leaf cells hexagonal or rhomboidal .... Calyptrochaeta Leaves triangular to lanceolate; unbordered; leaf cells linear . 7 7. Rhizoids white. Leaves with one plica; upper margin entire; apex tapering to point. Sub-tropical to temperate ...... ... .. ...... ........ ....... .. ....... Sau/oma H. STREI MANN: Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 103 Rhizoids red to brown. Leaves smooth; upper margin denticulate; apex rounded to acute. Tropical .......... ......... ..... .. ......... ...... Chaetomitrium 8. Leaves bordered; plants with soft delicate appearance .. .... ... .... Cyclodictyon Leaves unbordered; plants with robust appearance . 9 9. Cells quadrate to hexagonal, small (to ±25 µm); costa ±3/4 leaf length ...................... ..... ... ..................... .... Callicoste/la Cells rhomboidal-hexagonal, larger ( + 30 µm); costa ± 112 leaf length .. ............ ..... ..... .. .... .. .. ....... Hookeriopsis (Thamniopsis) CALYPTROCHAETA DESY. Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 3: 226. 1825 . Type: Leskea cristata Hedw. [ = Ca/yptrochaeta cristata (Hedw.) Desv.], Spee. Muse. 211. 1801. Eriopus Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2: 788. 1827. Plants medium-size, slender or robust, often rigid, loosely tufted, variously green. Stems sub-erect, flattened, simple or dichotomously branched. Leaves 6-rowed, dorsal and ventral leaves appressed, smaller, lateral leaves ±spreading, asymmetrical, apiculate or shortly acuminate, dentate above to nearly entire; ecostate or costa short, often weak, un­ evenly forked, rarely absent. Lamina] cells smooth, generally moderately thick-walled, vari­ ously hexagonal to isodiametic, basal cells longer and ± more variable; marginal cells elon­ gated, border generally prominent, I- 7 cells wide, yellowish. Rhizoids at leaf base, few in leaf axils. Autoicous or dioicous. Perigonia and perichaetia lateral. Calyptra mostly mitriform, rarely campanulate, base fringed, smooth or with wavy hairs. Seta thick, fleshy, densely hairy or papillose; capsule small, erect or inclined, oval, mouth narrowed, annulus lost with operculum. Exostome teeth Ianceolate, furrowed, bordered, high ventral lamellae projecting laterally, basal membrane high; cilia rudimentary or absent. Operculum conic, beak erect. Spores small to medium-size, 10- 24 µm, smooth. This genus, of about 30 species, is well represented in South America, the Pacific through to southeast Asia and in Madagascar. Calyptrochaeta prefers moist areas where it can be found on ground, rotting wood, rocks and seldom on fern leaves or lower tree trunks. The border, which is often strong, and the very short divided nerve easily distinguish this genus from other genera, especially Dis­ tichophyllum which it can be confused with in the field . It is most commonly reported from moister regions of southeast Australia, but at least 2 species occur at higher altitudes in north Queensland. One species, C. apiculata, extends to South Australia and possibly to north Queensland. The generic name is derived from Greek calyptro = hooded, and chaete = mane or long hairs, which refers to the generally long haired calyptra. Key to Calyptrochaeta species I. Leaf border very narrow, 1 or 2 cells wide; apiculus 30--50 µm long .. .. 3. C. brownii Leaf border strong, 3- 7 cells wide; apiculus 35- 300 µm long .... ....... ........ 2 2. Leaf border very strong, 5- 7 cells wide; apiculus stout, 240- 300 µm long; leaves 104 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0 crisped or curled, often yellowish .. .... ..... .. .... ..... 1. C. apiculata Leaves border weaker, 3 or 4(-5) cells wide; apiculus narrow; leaves nearly straight, green to dark green . 3 3. Leaves orbicular; apiculus 35- 55 µm long ... .. .. ...... .. 6. C. rotundifolia Leaves variously oblong to ovate . 4 4. Apiculus short, I 00- 150 flm long; denticulations very weak
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