J Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88: 101- 138 (Aug. 2000)

TAXONOMIC STUDIES ON AUSTRALIAN HOOKERIACEAE (MUSCI) 3. THE GENERA CALYPTROCHAETA, DALTON/A , HOOKERIOPSIS ANDSAULOMA

1 H EINAR STREIMANN

ABSTRACT. Before this study, 12 species were reported for Australia in these 4 genera, while now this figure stands at 10 species. Previously Hookeriopsis was reported only as a genus for Australia. A new species, Calyprochaeta otwayensis, is described from Victoria. Eriopus tasmanicus Broth. and Calyptrochaeta apiculata (Hook. f. & Wils.) Vitt var. tasmanica (Broth.) Fife are considered to be synonymous with Calyptrochaeta apiculata; Sauloma zetterstedtii (C. Muell.) Jaeg. is a syn. of S. tenella (Hook f. & Wils.) Mitt. and Daltonia pusilla Hook. f. & Wils. is a syn. of D. splachnoides (Sm.) Hook. & Tay!. The following new combination is proposed: - Calyptrochaeta brassii (Bartr.) Streim. Daltonia contorta C. Muell. and Hookeriopsis utacamundiana (Mont.) Broth. are new records for Australia. Deleted from the Australian moss flora are Calyptrochaeta cristata (Hedw.) Desv., Daltonia angustifolia Dozy & Molk., Hookeria acutifolia Hook. and Grev. and H. lucens (Hedw.) Sm. An amended key to all Australian genera of the family is also provided together with in­ formation for the Australian species on distribution, ecology and fertility.

INTRODUCTION This is the final of three papers comprising a taxonomic revision of the Australian Hookeriaceae. The first paper (Streimann 1997) dealt with the genera Achrophyllum, Calli­ costel/a, Chaetomitrium and Cyclodictyon and the second paper (Streimann l 999) dealt with Distichophyllum and Bryobrothera . The genera in thi s paper, as those of the previous two papers, had not been taxonomi­ cally investigated for Australia, nor were adequate keys available. Past knowledge com­ prised scattered reports by various authors, mostly overseas while Scott & Stone (1976) brought all that together and presented detailed descriptions of the more common and widespread southern Australian species. The remaining species received only scant atten­ tion or were only listed. Catcheside ( 1980) gave a full description, and illustrated Eriopus apiculatus (Hook. f. & Wils.) Mitt., which is the only species of the genera studied in this paper to occur in South Australia. Therefore with the modest collecting activity in the last 20-30 years in north Queensland, after nearly 100 years of neglect, more collections were available for a critical study. Calyptrochaetal(Eriopus an illegitimate name) was in a state of confusion, mainly be­ cause of inadequate collections on which to make considered judgements. For Australia, 6 species of Calyptrochaeta!Eriopus were reported by Scott & Stone ( 1976) and by Streimann & Curnow ( 1989).

1 Cryptogamic Herbarium, Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Plant Biodiversity Re­ search, GPO Box 1777, Canberra, A.C.T., 2601 , Australia. 102 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0

This revision accepts 6 species including Calyptrochaeta rotundifolia which was pre­ viously reported only from Malaysia (Sabah) and one new species occurring in Victoria and Tasmania. Several collections from north Queensland are tentatively placed in Calyp­ trochaeta apiculata, but some collections could not be named with confidence. More con­ centrated field studies are required of the higher peaks in north Queensland to establish their true identity. Similarly the higher regions between the Hunter Ri ver (New South Wales) and Mackay (Queensland) should be investigated further. Daltonia, a smaller genus, was better understood than Calyptrochaeta!Eriopus, but still several problems remained. When Scott & Stone (1976) reviewed this genus no Queensland collections were available. Sainsbury's (1955) suspicion that Daltonia pusilla Hook. f. & Wils. is a syn. of D. splachnoides is confirmed. D. contorta, a southeast Asian species, was discovered in north Queensland, while further field work may reveal more species that are new to Australia. No named Australian collections of D. angustifolia were found on which previous Australian reports were based (Streimann & Curnow 1989: 102). Hookeriopsis in Australia proved to be the widespread southeast Asian H. utacamundiana, while the range of Sauloma tenella was extended to Western Australia and southern Queensland. For the Australian species investigated in this paper there are no chromosome number reports. For this investigation about 112 collections of Ca/yptrochaeta, 40 of Da/tonia, 3 of Hookeriopsis, and 61 for Sauloma were studied. They comprised the collections housed at CANB and those from herbaria mentioned in the Acknowledgment. The following abbreviations or contractions are used: Ck - Creek, Is. - Island, HS - H. Streimann, L. - Lake, Mt - Mount, N. P. - National Park, N. S. W. - New South Wales, QLD - Queensland, Ra. - Range, Rd - Road, Res. - Reserve, R. - River, S. F. - State Forest. Revised key to Australian Genera 1. Costa single ...... 2 Costa none, or very weak and un-evenly forked, or double ...... 5 2. Leaves whorled, variously lanceolate ...... Daltonia Leaves complanate, rounded ...... 3 3. Leafmargin strongly dentate; costa forked above ...... Achrophyllum Leaf margin crenulate, weakly dentate or entire; cos ta not forked above ...... 4 4. Leaf margin crenulate; costa prominent, ending in apex; marginal leaf cells not differentiated ...... Bryobrothera Leaf margin weakly dentate or entire; costa weak, to mid-leaf or barely to apex; marginal leaf cells differentiated (except in one temperate species) . .. Distichophyllum 5. Costa none, very faint or short, ending below mid-leaf...... 6 Costa double, strong, past mid-leaf ...... 8 6. Leaves :±: orbicular; bordered; leaf cells hexagonal or rhomboidal .... Calyptrochaeta Leaves triangular to lanceolate; unbordered; leaf cells linear ...... 7 7. Rhizoids white. Leaves with one plica; upper margin entire; apex tapering to point. Sub-tropical to temperate ...... Sau/oma H. STREI MANN: Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 103

Rhizoids red to brown. Leaves smooth; upper margin denticulate; apex rounded to acute. Tropical ...... Chaetomitrium 8. Leaves bordered; plants with soft delicate appearance ...... Cyclodictyon Leaves unbordered; plants with robust appearance ...... 9 9. Cells quadrate to hexagonal, small (to ±25 µm); costa ±3/4 leaf length ...... Callicoste/la Cells rhomboidal-hexagonal, larger ( + 30 µm); costa ± 112 leaf length ...... Hookeriopsis (Thamniopsis)

CALYPTROCHAETA DESY. Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 3: 226. 1825 . Type: Leskea cristata Hedw. [ = Ca/yptrochaeta cristata (Hedw.) Desv.], Spee. Muse. 211. 1801. Eriopus Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2: 788. 1827. Plants medium-size, slender or robust, often rigid, loosely tufted, variously green. Stems sub-erect, flattened, simple or dichotomously branched. Leaves 6-rowed, dorsal and ventral leaves appressed, smaller, lateral leaves ±spreading, asymmetrical, apiculate or shortly acuminate, dentate above to nearly entire; ecostate or costa short, often weak, un­ evenly forked, rarely absent. Lamina] cells smooth, generally moderately thick-walled, vari­ ously hexagonal to isodiametic, basal cells longer and ± more variable; marginal cells elon­ gated, border generally prominent, I- 7 cells wide, yellowish. Rhizoids at leaf base, few in leaf axils. Autoicous or dioicous. Perigonia and perichaetia lateral. Calyptra mostly mitriform, rarely campanulate, base fringed, smooth or with wavy hairs. Seta thick, fleshy, densely hairy or papillose; capsule small, erect or inclined, oval, mouth narrowed, annulus lost with operculum. Exostome teeth Ianceolate, furrowed, bordered, high ventral lamellae projecting laterally, basal membrane high; cilia rudimentary or absent. Operculum conic, beak erect. Spores small to medium-size, 10- 24 µm, smooth. This genus, of about 30 species, is well represented in South America, the Pacific through to southeast Asia and in Madagascar. Calyptrochaeta prefers moist areas where it can be found on ground, rotting wood, rocks and seldom on fern leaves or lower tree trunks. The border, which is often strong, and the very short divided nerve easily distinguish this genus from other genera, especially Dis­ tichophyllum which it can be confused with in the field . It is most commonly reported from moister regions of southeast Australia, but at least 2 species occur at higher altitudes in north Queensland. One species, C. apiculata, extends to South Australia and possibly to north Queensland. The generic name is derived from Greek calyptro = hooded, and chaete = mane or long hairs, which refers to the generally long haired calyptra. Key to Calyptrochaeta species I. Leaf border very narrow, 1 or 2 cells wide; apiculus 30--50 µm long .. .. . 3. C. brownii Leaf border strong, 3- 7 cells wide; apiculus 35- 300 µm long ...... 2 2. Leaf border very strong, 5- 7 cells wide; apiculus stout, 240- 300 µm long; leaves 104 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0

crisped or curled, often yellowish ...... 1. C. apiculata Leaves border weaker, 3 or 4(-5) cells wide; apiculus narrow; leaves nearly straight, green to dark green ...... 3 3. Leaves orbicular; apiculus 35- 55 µm long ...... 6. C. rotundifolia Leaves variously oblong to ovate ...... 4 4. Apiculus short, I 00- 150 flm long; denticulations very weak to absent ...... 5. C. otwayensis Apiculus long 150-300 µm; denticulations weak or prominent ...... 5 5. Margin prominently denticulate; border 3- 5 cells, (18- 35 µm) wide; apiculus 150- 200 µm long ...... 4. C.fiexicollis Margin weakly dentate, or rarely entire; border 2 or 3 cells ( 12-25 µm) wide; apiculus 200- 300 µm long ...... 2. C. brassii I. Calyptrochaeta apiculata (Hook. f. & Wils.) Vitt, Canad. J. Bot. 57: 2251. 1979. Hookeria apiculata Hook. f. & Wils., London J. Bot. 3: 549. 1844. Type: 'Hermite Island, Cape Horn, barren'. Holotype: BM!; lsotype: BM! Eriopus apiculatus (Hook. f. & Wils.) Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12 : 393 . 1869. Pterygophyllum apiculatum (Hook. f. & Wils.) Jaeg., Ber. Thatigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1875- 76: 342 (Ad. 2: 246) 1877. Distichophyllum apic­ ulatum (Hook. f. & Wils.) Mitt., Trans. Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria 19: 77 . 1882. Eriopus tasmanicus Broth, Ofvers. Forh. Finsk Vetensk.-Soc. 42: 109. 1900, syn. nov. Type: 'Tasma­ nia, Hobart waterworks, Gentle Annie (W.A. Weymouth)'. Holotype: H! lsotype: HO (79473)! Calyptrochaete apiculata (Hook. f. & Wils.) Vitt var. tasmanica (Broth.) Fife, syn. nov., Bryolo­ gist 98 : 315. 1995. Plants medium-size, slender, rigid, light to dark green, glossy, erect or ascending, be­ tween l .5- 3.0 cm tall, branched or unbranched. Leaves complanate, asymmetrical, undu­ late, crisped when dry, straight when moist, 2 rows large lateral leaves, 2 dorsal rows, 2 ventral rows. Lateral leaves ovate to oblong, 2.0-2.7X 1.2- 1.5 mm, apex stout, abruptly apiculate, (200- )240- 300 µm long, base narrowed, margin plane, nearly entire or distantly denticulate near apex, crenuJate below; costa weak, short, forked, width at base ± 125µm. Upper and median lamina) cells darker colour, hexagonal to isodiametric, (25- )45- 60(- 80)X22- 38 µm, basal cells oblong-hexagonal, :±: 125X25(-45) µm ; border stout, wide, porose, thick-walled, 5- 7(- 8) cells (50-100 µm) wide. Dorsal and ventral leaves smaller. Rhizoids dark reddish, often abundant, to 2.5 mm long, width 18- 30 µm, cells:±: 180 µm long, younger rhizoids much branched, shorter, narrower, cells to 50 µm long. Dioicous. Peri gonia numerous, yellowish, leaves tightly imbricated. Perichaetia lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, often developing shoulders, 1.10- 1.40 X 0.22- 0.60 mm, acuminate; ecostate. Lamina) cells narrow-hexagonal, 45- 138X25 µm, smaller and nar­ rower towards margin; border I row, not conspicuous, cells ±3 µm wide. Archegonia 320-350 µm long, 5- 14 per perichaetium, paraphyses short, rare, or absent, ±250 µm long. Calyptra smooth above. Seta 0.5-0.8 cm, papillose; capsule 1.0- 1.5 mm, erect or in­ clined. Exostome teeth joined at base, orange to reddish at base, above yellowish, narrowly furrowed, transversely striolate, basal membrane 1/2 height of teeth; endostome segments nearly as high as teeth; cilia rudimentary. Operculum 0.5- 0.7 mm long. Spores 16- 24 µm. H. STREIMANN: Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 105

Illustrations: Fig. 1; Matteri 1975: 33 (Eriopus); Sainsbury 1955 : 396 (Eriopus); Smith 1978 : 515 (Eriopus); Wilson & Hooker 1847: pl. 155 (Hookeria). Ecology: This species has been collected from a great variety of vegetation types in Tasmania including heath, mixed Melaleuca scrub and pure Melaleuca scrub, and a variety of forest types including wet sclerophyll, Nothofagus, regenerating and riparian. The re­ ported substrata included sandy ground, wet ground, creek and waterfall banks, tree, shrub and tree fern (Dicksonia) bases, decayed logs and tree fern stems and on low rocks. Calyp­ trochaeta apiculata proved to be common on shaded to semi-shaded sandy seepage areas or moist ground. The species is often found at the base or lower stems of Melaleuca erici­ folia, but is the only Calyptrochaeta species that also grows on soil. Distribution: A disjunct distribution reflecting insufficient field work; occuring in southern Australia and on Mt Bellenden Ker (ea 1500m) in north Queensland (Fig. 2). Reasonably common in Tasmania where it can form large colonies. The majority of the collections seen are from low altitudes and close to the coast, sometimes within the salt spray zone (Norris 30208). The altitude range in Tasmania, including Bass Strait Islands, is from sea-level to 360 m. It is not so common in New South Wales, Victoria and South Aus­ tralian where the collections are from low altitudes. The mainland distribution seems rather disjunct and it could be more common along the southern coast than collections indicate. The species extends to Macquarie Island, but the Australian Antarctic Division (ADT) col­ lections were not available for study. Calyptrochaeta apiculata occurs also in New Zealand (South and Stewart ls.) and ex­ tends to Chile, Argentina and the Falkland Islands. Smith ( 1978) reports it from England (Scilly Isles) as an introduction from the southern hemisphere. Types: The types of both Hookeria apiculata and Eriopus tasmanicus are sterile and quite small. Also, both collections could have been pressed as the leaves appear to be near­ ly straight. I cannot see any difference between these two taxa based on the types. Fife ( 1995) realised the taxa were very close and reduced Calyptrochaeta tasmanica to a vari­ ety. The reasons for maintaining separate entities were that typical C. apiculata had the setae strongly papillose for 2/3 or more of its length, and the iridescent leaves which are more del icate and more crisped when dry. Collections identified as C. apiculata var. tas­ manica showed a great variation in the type and density of the papillae on the setae as did other collections studied. Setae papillosity tended to be either sharp upright or fiat disc­ like. Both types of papillae in various combinations were found on the same seta. Only one fertile collection determined as var. apiculata was located at BM (Weymouth 909) while the corresponding HO collection was determined as var. tasmanica. No fertile South American collections were available for setae studies. I feel that the degree of delicateness and crisp­ ing of the leaves reflects environmental factors. The plants, especially in Tasmania, can be found in harsh environments such as coastal sands, and in Nothofagus forests at higher alti­ tudes where moisture supply is more abundant and reliable. Very few samples were avail­ able from higher altitudes where the leaves and the border appear to be in the narrower range for the species. Notes: It is with some hesitation that I place the 3 north Queensland collections into this species. The leaf characters of the north Queensland collections generally agree with 106 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0

=~ '' E ,' - ' '

Fig. 1. Calyptrochaeta apiculata. 1-4 leaves; 5 basal leaf cells; 6 upper leaf cells; 7 mid-leaf cells. 1-3, 5 HS 39651; 4, 6, 7 Anon. (HO 80106). H. STREIMANN: Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 107

115' 120" 125' 130" 135' 140' 145' 150" 155•

1()• 10"

15° 15'

20" 20"

25· 25'

30• 30•

35' 35'

JOO OOO Kiiometres 40' 40' I \:J 45• 45• ~f -~--~---~--~--~--~- j 115' 120" 125· 130• 135• 140' 145" 150" 155' Fig. 2. Known distribution of Calyptrochaeta apiculata. those of the southern populations. These collections have leaves and margin of longer cells (5 or 6 rows wide) which is in the narrower range for this species, nor are the leaf cells as prominently hexagonal. No other Calyptrochaeta species in our region has such a promi­ nent, wide border. However, the leaves of the northern collections are not dense on the stems, nor are they as crisped; both characters could be due to a continually moister micro­ climate. C. apiculata is a very variable species and more Queensland collections are re­ quired before a confident decision can be made. The undulate and crisped leaves can mask the complanate leaf arrangement. The species can be mistaken for Distichophyllum, especially D. pulchellum, which however has smaller ( l.O- l.6X0.5- l.O mm) leaves that are more delicate. Plants growing under constantly moist conditions (Mosca! 16877, 19705 - HO) had numerous, pronounced, dark red leaves. The size and density of marginal teeth also varied, with Mosca! 14004 (HO) exhibiting many strongly developed teeth. Fertile collections were not plentiful, but the most common period for capsules was between October and February. Etymology: The species name is derived from the Latin apiculatus =adorned with the priest's cap, referring to the leaf ending abruptly in a short point. 108 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0

Specimens studied: 78. QUEENSLAND: Mt Bellenden Ker, Sep 1980, I. G. Stone 16770 (nr dam), 16799, 16862 (MELU). NEW SOUTH WALES: Stanwell Park, N end of beach, sea cliff, damp places, Jun 1905, W. W. Watts 8428 (NSW). VICTORIA : Near Point Hicks, 27 km SSE of Cann River, 2 m, on Leptospermum stem in Leptospermum dominated vegetation on sand, Oct 1988, HS 39651 (CANB, NY); Mossy Cave, Glenelg R., Apr 1972, F W. Aslin 1551 (AD); TASMAN IA: King Is., Y, km S of Ken ford Forest State Res., 100 m, rare on decaying stump of Melaleuca ericifolia, in remnant regen­ erated forest after 1936 fire: Eucalyptus globulus. E. viminalis, Melaleuca ericifolia, Acacia me/anoxylon, A. vertici/lata, Pomaderris apetala, Phebalium squameum, Elaeocarpus reticulatus, Monotoca e/liptica, Coprosma quadrifida, Gahnia grandis, Nov 1995, A. Mosca/ 27825 (HO); Island off Wombat Point, S coast of Cape Barren Island, under small overhanging bank near shore - damp soak, Nov 1986, S. Harris s.n. (HO); Deep Glen Ck, 200 m, occasional with Achrophyllum dentatum within patches of Riccardia crassa on decaying riparian trunk of downed Dicksonia antarctica on lit­ toral slope of wet shaded forest of Eucalyptus obliqua over Atherosperma moschatum, Olearia argo­ phylla, Feb 1989, A. Mosca/ 17009 (HO); Tuma Beach, Deadmans Bay, 2 m, on humic soil at top end of sandy beach with Leptospermum scoparium var. eximium scrub, Jan 1987, A. Mosca/ 15898 (HO); Wilsons Bight, 15 m, common in littoral slope, waterfall gully on edge of closed scrubby Pomaderris apetala, Anopterus glandulosus, Cenarrhenes nitida, Trochocarpa gunnii, Monotoca g/auca, Olearia persoonioides, Blechnum wattsii, Jan 1987, A. Mosca/ 15524 (HO). 2. Calyptrochaeta brassii (Bartr.) Streim., comb. nov. Eriopus brass ii Bartr., Farlowia 4: 246. 1952. HoLOTYPE: 'Mt. Finnigan, trunk of tree in high moun­ tain forest, alt. ea. 1040m., Sep. 7, 1948, No. [Brass] 20097'. Holotype: FH! Plants medium-size, green to dark green, 1.0- 2.2 cm long, rarely branched. Leaves weakly crisped or curled when dry, straight when moist, lateral leaves sometimes asym­ metrical, round-ovate to broad-oblong, 2.3- 2.8 X 1.3- 1.7 mm, apiculus long narrow, (150-)200-300 µm long, base generally narrowed, margin plane, distantly weakly to mod­ erately dentate above; ecostate, or costa very weakly developed. Lamina! cells rhomboidal to round-rhomboidal, upper cells 20- 37X 13- 20 µm, median cells 37-50X20-40 µm, cells near border more irregular and smaller, basal cells similar, except slightly larger in smaller leaves; border weak, 2 or 3 (12-25µm) cells wide, narrower near apex, cells (88- )I00- 150 X5- 8 µm. Rhizoids not common, smooth, reddish-brown, to 0.9 mm long, 25- 32 µm wide, cells 60-88 µm long. Sporophytes not seen. Illustration: Fig. 3. Ecology: In well developed rainforest on moderate slope where it was found on a tree trunk and a moist rock. Distribution: Known only from the slopes of Mt Finnigan and from near Atherton in north Queensland (Fig. 4 ), between I 040-1250 m. Notes: Bartram (1952) rightly precluded this taxon from C. apiculata and C. brownii. However, one collection (HS 57167) from near the type locality of C. brassii ap­ proaches C.fl.exicollis by virtue of the margin and serrations. So far the only reliable differ­ ences I have found between the two species is that C. fl.exicollis has strong leaf denticula­ tions while in C. brassii they are absent, weak or distant. Table I shows the features which can assist in separating these two species: H. STREIMANN : Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 109

..... ·.. 4 ... "· ' ' . '

' . . . . ' , ·. . . ' ' . ' ' . ·, ! ' ' . ' ' . - ; :' " 3 : .' .. ~ 3 : . . \ : . ' ' ·. ' . . ·.

·. ,' ', . '

. ~A~·- i .. '~{]6Sl~· · . qb6?r~~6C} Y)1r%JfJ!J?f' r

~q~~cC1)1' Fig. 3. Calyptrochaeta brassii. I basal leaf cell s ; 2 mid-leaf cells; 3- 5 leaves; 6 upper leaf cells. All from holotype (Brass 20097). 110 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0

115" 120" 125" 130" 135" 140" 145' 150" 155'

10" 10"

15° 15'

25" 25'

30" 30"

35• 35•

JOO

l()lometres

w w ~-~--~--~---~--~--~------·~--~--' 115' 120" 125' 130" 135" 140' 145' 150" 155" Fig. 4. Known distribution of Calyptrochaeta brass ii.

Table 1. Distinguishing characters between Calyptochaeta brassii and C.jiexicollis.

C. brassii C. fiexicollis

leaves more often rounded generally variously oblong to ovate leaf margin 2 or 3 cells wide 3- 5 cells wide leaf denticulations weak prominent median cells variably rhomboidal variably hexagonal

Another feature worth investigating further is the size of the basal cells. It appears that in C. brassii they are not much bigger than the median cells, while in C. flexicollis they are noticeably elongated. C. brassii differs from C. brownii by having a longer apiculus, but sometimes in C. brassii the border is also quite narrow, approaching that of C. brownii. Etymology: Named after the Australian plant collector Leonard John Brass ( 1900-1971 ), who gained recognition on the Archbold Expeditions to New Guinea. H. STREIMANN : Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 111

Specimens studied: QUEENSLAND: Great Dividing Ra., summit E of Atherton, 1250 m, on wet, densely shaded, non-calcareous stone in rainforest, Jui 1968, B. 0. van Zanten 681267 (CANB, GRO). 3. Calyptrochaeta brownii (Dix.) Bartlett, Bull. Auckland Bot. Soc. 15 : 15 . I 985. Eriopus brownii Dix., New Zealand Inst. Bull. 3: 286. 1927. TYPE: 'Kennedy's Bush, Port Lyttelton Hills, Christchurch. Coll. R. Brown'. Holotype: BM! Plants medium-size, soft, slender, dull dark green, stems 0.8- 1.5 cm long, prostrate to sub-erect, branched or unbranched. Leaves complanate, fiexuose or nearly straight when dry, straight when moist. Lateral leaves asymmetrical, spathulate to obovate, 2.0- 2. 7X0.9-l.5 mm, apiculus short, 30-50(- 70)µm long, base broadly narrowed, slender, margin plane, entire; costa very weak or absent. Upper lamina! cells ::!:: rounded to oblong­ hexagonal, 25~0(-50)X20-30 µm, median cells slightly bigger, basal cells rhomboid­ hexagonal, 60-75Xl5-25µm; border weak, 1or2 rows (10-12µm) wide, cells::!::40X3 µm. Rhizoids dense, branched, reddish, older reddish-brown, ::!:: weakly papillose, to 2.5 mm long, 23-27 µm wide, cells I 50-200 µm long. Dioicous. Perigonial leaves similar to perichaetial, but not shouldered. Antheridia few, 35~00 µm long, paraphyses not seen. Perichaetial leaves ovate-lanceolate, shoul­ dered, ::!::2.40X0.45 mm, acuminate; ecostate. Lamina! cells hexagonal, 35- 75X 12- 17 µm, basal cells long-hexagonal, ::!:: 125X20 µm; border I row wide, not conspicuous. Archego­ nia 310- 360 µm long, paraphyses sparse, clear, ::!:: I 25 µm long. Calyptra small, ::!:: 1.0 mm long, conic to campanulate, apex smooth. Seta 0.2-0.6 cm long, ::!:: stout, flexuose, cyg­ neous, slightly papillose; capsule 0.6- 1.2 mm long, horizontal or sub-pendulous. Exostome teeth joined at base, darker below, lighter above, widely furrowed, basal membrane I /2 height of teeth; endostome segments narrowly lanceolate, widely perforated, slightly papil­ lose; cilia absent. Operculum ::!::0.6 mm. Spores smooth to sl ightly papillose, I 0-16 µm. Illustrations: Fig. 5; Sainsbury 1955: 396 (Eriopus). Ecology: Found in wet sclerophyll and temperate forest on rocks, lower tree trunks, rotting log and stump, dead tree fern stem and tree roots. Distribution: Recently found near Warwich in Queensland and near Dorrigo in north­ ern New South Wales at 1250 m. The previous reports were from southern New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania (Fig. 6). The recorded altitudes for the southern regions are between 244- 950 m. Found also in New Zealand where it is more common on the North Island. Notes: From the type it is obvious that the nerve is as stated in Sainsbury (1955: 397) 'lacking or rudimentary', not absent as mentioned in Scott & Stone (1976: 392). Some leaves from the same plant have rudimentary nerves, while on others it is absent. On some of the longer, narrower leaves the apiculus may be absent, or very weakly developed (HS 48929), but generally the more rounded leaves tend to have the shorter apiculi. The narrower leaves also tend to have more irregular leaf margins, but rarely is this exhibited as serrations. The appearance of upper lamina! cells is often more rounded compared to the regularly hexagonal cells of C. otwayensis. On some leaves the margin near the leaf tip was inconspicuous (HS 60613). The perichaetial leaves are very similar to those of C. apiculata, in both species the 112 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0

flsH<;:i , D~ ····..... \ \ i .• r-J ~ ·· ... \ .• ·.. • r ···· "~~~ , >· ·· .. H. STREIMANN: Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 113

11 5" 120' 125' 130' 135' 140' 145' 150' 155'

10' 11)"

15' 15"

20'

25' 25'

30' 30'

35' 35• -JOO .. "" .\j

45• 45• 115" 120" 125' 130' 135" 140' 145' 150' 155'

Fig. 6. Known distribution of Calyptrochaeta brownii. outer perichaetial leaves are very narrow. Only two collection were noted to be fertile, both in September. Etymology: The species honours the New Zealand collector and bryologist Robert Brown (R. Br. ter., 1820- 1906). Specimens studied: 8. QUEENSLAND: Gambubal S. F., south-east Queensland, Jan. 1996, T. Ped­ erson s.n. (CANB). NEW SOUTH WALES: Mars Rd, Mt Hyland S. F., 33 km NW of Dorrigo, 1250m, on shaded rotting tree stump, Sloanea base and roots in temperate forest on moderate slope, Apr I 998, HS 60613 (CA 8 , NY); Currawan Ck, 2.6 km WNW of Mt Budawang, on rocks in temperate forest dominated by Sassafras, Aug I 985, K. R. Thiele 985 (CANB, MEL, MUCV); Macquarie Rd, near Milo Trig., Monga S. F., 24 km SE of Braidwood, 950 m, on dead tree fern (Dicksonia) stem in Eucryphia and Dicksonia dominated forest on moderate slope, Sep 1991 , HS 48932 (CANB, NY). VI CTORIA: Fernshaw, Great Dividing Ra., 1884, S. Berggren (BM). TASMANIA: King Is., Kentford S. F. Res., IOOm, sparse Eucalyptus globulus, Acacia melanoxylon canopy of Melaleuca ericifolia over Gahnia grandis, Pterydium esculentum, sparse Monotoca glauca, Pimelea serpillyfo/ia, Cyathea aus­ tralis, Clematis aristata, Pultenaea juniperina, Coprosma quadrifida, Nov I 995, A. Mosca/ 2 7913 (HO); Notley Fern Gorge, near Launceston, 244 m, on bark of trees in rainforest gully, Gordon lime­ stone, Dec 1954, M. Tindale s.n. (BM). 114 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0

4. Calyptrochaetajlexicollis (Mitt.) Vitt, Can. J. Bot. 57: 2251. 1979. Hookeria jlexicollis Mitt., Handb. New Zealand FI. 496. 1867. Type: 'Middle Island; Canterbury Alps, Sinclair and Haast; Ota go, wet rocks Duneden, Hector and Buchanan'. NY. Eriopus jlexi­ collis (Mitt.) Jaeg., Ber. Thiitigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1875- 76: 338 (Ad. 2: 242) 1877. Plants medium-size, robust, yellowish to dark green, stems 1.2- 3.0 cm long, flattened, branched or unbranched. Leaves slightly undulate when dry, erect when moist, slightly asymmetrical, oblong to broadly oblong-lanceolate, 2.3- 2.6X 1.0- 1.5 mm, apiculus narrow, moderately long (150-200 µm) but prominent, base narrowed, margin plane, prominently irregularly dentate above; costa weak, very short, forked. Upper lamina) cells oblong­ hexagonal, isodiametric, 25- 50 X 12- 25 µm, median cells slightly bigger, 25- 62X 15- 30 µm, basal cells 63- 85x10-15 µm; border 3- 5 cells [28-35(-50) µm] wide, cells linear, very narrow, 100- 125X2-4 µm . Rhizoids reddish-brown, younger lighter colour, branched, ±weakly papillose, to 5 mm long, ± 30 µm wide, cells ± 140 µm long. Dioicous. Perigonial leaves similar to perichaetial leaves; antheridia 600- 700X65- 70 µm, paraphyses not seen. Outer perichaetial leaves broad-linear, shouldered, l.7- 2.3X0.4-0.6mm, inner l.4- l.7 X0.2- 0.4mm, not prominently shouldered, weakly dis­ tantly denticulate. Apical lamina) cells long-rhomboidal , 125- 200 X l0- 20µm, upper cells rhomboidal (35- )63- 85X 15- 20 µm , median cells (35-) 125-l 50 X 12- 20 µm, basal cells longer, cells shorter on outer leaves; border not prominent, absent in upper half, near base 3 cells wide, cells linear, ± 125 X4 µm. Archegonia ±5 per perichaetium, 380-450 µm; para­ physes, few, ± 1.0 mm long, 8- 14 µm wide, cells 35- 60 µm long. Calyptra ± 0.8 mm long, smooth, thickly fringed below, fringe ± 0.8 mm long, bl ack above. Setae 0.3-0.7 cm long, prominently spiny, reflexed below capsule, spines longest below capsule, I 00 µm long, with 2 cells; capsule ovoid, 1.0- 1.5 mm long. Peristome teeth yellowish-brown, ± 250 µm long, width at base 50- 62 µm ; endostome segments clear, same size as teeth, narrower; cilia absent. Operculum 0.4-0.6 mm long. Spores round to ovoid, slightly papillose, 12- 20 µm. Illustration: Fig. 7. Ecology: No data available from Australian collections. Distribution: In Victoria restricted to Gippsland (one collection) and in Tasmania from the Mt Wellington area near Hobart (Fig. 8) with an altitude range of 340-400 m. This species also extends to New Zealand. Notes: This species is allied to Calyptrochaeta apiculata, but the seta is crested with bristles which may be quite long under the capsule. However, the leaves are also not so curled and the leaf margins are denticulate and narrower. The young calyptra is hairy above and possibly with age becomes smooth. The perigo­ nial leaf apices vary from long hair-like to apiculate. This variation is often reflected in the lamina) cell sizes which can also vary considerably. The only fertile collection (Victoria) bore capsules in March. Etymology: The specific name is derived from the Latinjlexi = to bend, and collis = hills, which refers to the reflexed setae which bears prominent spines. Specimens studied: 4. V1CTO RJA : Erica, S. cascades, Mar 1973, I. G. Stone 7150 (MELU). TAS- H. STR EIMANN: Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 115

.. . ··· ...... 2 J ...... ·· ......

" ,·" ·...... ' : : . . . . .' ' . I '

. ' ' ' . ·.

Fig. 7. Calyptrochaeta fiexicollis. 1- 5 leaves; 6 leaf apex; 7 basal leaf cells; 8 mid­ leaf cells. I, 5, 6 I. G. Stone 7150; 2-4, 7, 8 L Rodway s.n. (HO 79535). 116 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0

115' 120" 125' 130' 135' 140' 145' 150' 155'

10" 10"

15' 15'

20' 20'

25' 25'

35' 35•

300

Klometres "" 0 \;)

45'

115' 120" 125' 130' 135' 140" 145' 150' 155' Fig. 8. Known distribution of Calyptrochaetajlexicollis.

MANIA: Mt Wellington; 1300 ft [396m], Oct 1910, L. Rodway s.n. (HO 79431). 5. Calyptrochaeta otwayensis Streim., sp. nov. Plantae aspecto C. brownii (Dix.) Bartlett, a qua foliis apiculo longiore, margine ser­ rato, margine cellularum angustatum latiore (3 vel 4 cellulare in latitudinem), et sporis ma­ joribus (15-20 µm) differunt. TYPE: Victoria. Melba State Park, Lavers Hill, 26 km WNW of Apollo Bay, 380 m, on Nothofa­ gus and other tree bases, in poor disturbed Nothofagus and Acacia forest on slopes in valley, Dec 1996, HS 58384. Holotype: CANB. lsotype: MEL (distributed in Musci Austral. Exs.). Plants medium-size, yellowish to dark green, stems 1.2-3.0 cm long, flattened, branched or unbranched. Leaves slightly undulate when dry, erect when moist, slightly asymmetrical, oblong to broadly oblong-lanceolate, 2.0- 3.0 X0.8- l.5 mm, narrow, apiculus moderately short, 100- 150 µm, stout or slender, base narrowed, margin plane, weakly and distantly dentate above; costa weak and very short, or lacking. Upper lamina! cells oblong­ hexagonal, to isodiametric, 25- 50 X20-40µm, median cells slightly bigger, 38- 62X20-40 µm, basal cells 50-120X25-40µm; border 3 or 4 cells (20- 36µm) wide, cells very nar­ row, 80- 120 X3-4 µm. Rhizoids reddish-brown, younger lighter colour, branched, ::±::weak­ ly papillose, to 5 mm long, :± 30 µm wide, cells 150- 180 µm long. H. STREIMANN'. A ustralian Hooke naceae. . 3

.' '• ·•. , .... · . . · ... • .•. •.. 117 \ ' '', :' ·. · - ...... 3

: ' I ' ' ' : ' I ' . :' ' ' .· . ·...... ' .. '

' ' ' ' ' ' ,' \ ·. \ ·. ·.' :' ' ·. ' ' " -.. ' ' ' ' ' " - . '' ' · -- ' ' - '

' ' ' ' .. ' . ' 118 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0

Dioicous. Perigonial leaves similar to perichaetial leaves, antheridia 600- 700X65- 70 µm, paraphyses not seen. Outer perichaetial leaves ± l lOX 18 mm, inner 140- 160X45- 60mm, often shouldered. Lamina! cells long-rhomboidal, 80- 160X20- 34µm. Archegonia 400- 500 µm; paraphyses, few, short, 10- 14 µm wide, cells ±60 µm long. Calyptra ± 0.8 mm long, thickly fringed below, smooth, black above. Seta nearly smooth to weakly papil­ lose (either spiny or flat) , 0.40- 0.52 cm long; capsule ovoid, ± 1.5 mm long. Exostome teeth yellowish-brown, ±350 µm long, width at base ±50 µm; endostome clear, segments same size, narrower; cilia absent. Operculum between 0.4- 0.5 mm long. Spores slightly pa­ pillose, 15- 20(- 25) µm. Illustration: Fig. 9. Ecology: Found in disturbed Nothofagus and wet sclerophyll forest where it was re­ ported from rotting logs, rocks, lower tree trunks (Nothofagus) and roots (A cacia). No col­ lections were noted from soil. Distribution: A species common in the Otway Ranges of Victoria with an altitude range of 340- 380 m. It was quite prevalent in Melba State Park where it formed reasonably large, scattered colonies. Also noted from Tasmania (King Is .) at 40 m (Fig. 10).

115° 120" 125° 130" 135" 140" 145° 150" 155°

10" 10"

15" 15°

20" 20°

25° 25"

30"

35° 35•

JOO ,,,, Kiiometres \j 45" 45° ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--~~~~~_J 11 5" 120" 125" 130" 135° 140" 145" 150" 155°

Fig. 10. Known distribution of Calyptrochaeta otwayensis. H. STREIMA NN: Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 119

Notes: This plant, previously determined as C. apiculata, appears to be intermediate between C. apiculata and C. brownii in the number of long border cells and the apiculus length. However, none of the characters overlap. Generally C. apiculata is light- to yellow­ ish-green with crisped and curled leaves, while C. brownii and C. otwayensis are dark green and the leaves are nearly straight. This darkness is due to the numerous green de­ posits (chlorophyll) in the cells. The median cell shape of C. otwayensis is nearly similar to C. brownii, while, the cell size is closer to C. apiculata. These differences are given in Table 2:

Table 2. Distinguishing characters between Calyptochaeta otwayensis, C.apiculata and C. brownii.

C. otwayensis C. apiculata C. brownii

border 3-4(5) cells 5- 7 cells 1 or 2 cells apiculus I00-150µm +200µm 30- 50 µm leaf margin weakly distantly nearly entire, or entire dentate above distantly dentate above median cells: shape rounded to isodiametric rounded to oblong-hexagonal to hexagonal oblong-hexagonal : size 38- 62X20-40 µm 45- 60 X22- 38 µm 25-40X20- 30 µm

Etymology: The species name is derived from the region where the type, and the majority of the collections originated from. Specimens studied: 6. VICTORIA: near Apollo Bay, in fern tree forest, 1963, P M. Michell M8 (AD); Melba State Park, Lavers Hill, 26km WNW of Apollo Bay, 380m, on shaded tree trunk in poor disturbed Nothofagus and Acacia forest on slopes in valley, Dec 1996, HS 58390 (CANB); - - - - -, on shaded rotting log, HS 58403 (CANB); - - - - -, on semi-shaded Acacia roots, HS 58428 (CANB). TASMANIA : King Is., Yarra Ck, 40 m, common on siltstone boulder face in mixed wet gully forest: Eucalyptus globulus, Pomaderris apetala over Acacia verticillata, Dicksonia antarctica, Elaeocarpus reticulatus, Banksia marginata, Phebalium squameum, Me/aleuca ericifo/ia, Pteridium esculentum, Todea barbara, Nov 1995, A. Mosca! 27770 (HO). 6. Calyptrochaeta rotundifolia (Nog. & lwats.) Touw, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 44: 150. 1978. Eriopus rotundifolius Nog. & Iwats., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 36: 480. 1972. Type: 'Mt. Kinabalu. By a stream below Paka Cave, alt. 2850- 3000 m on fully shaded, wet soil-covered rock, coll. Z. Jwatsuki no. 1058, May 21 , 1963'. Holotype: NICH. Plants medium-size, light green to green, stems to 1.5 cm long, ?unbranched. Leaves undulate when dry, erect when moist, complanate, lateral leaves orbicular, 2.0- 2.5 X 1.3- 1.7 mm, apiculus, short, sharp, 35- 55 µm long, base rounded to broadly narrowed, margin dentate in upper half; costa short, indistinct. Lamina! cells hexagonal to hexagonal-round­ ed, thin-walled, upper lamina! cells (27- )37- 50 X20- 28 µm, median cells 40- 63 X(20- )25- 33 µm, basal cells oblong-hexagonal, 85- l 12 X20- 35 µm; border distinct, ::'::3 cells (45-60 µm) wide, cells elongate, l 12- 125 X7-l 3 µm. Rhizoids axillary and on stems, reddish, 120 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0

------

Fig. 11. Calyptrochaeta rotundifolia. 1- 3 leaves; 4 leafapex; 5 mid-leaf cells; 6 basal leaf cells; 7 inner perigonial leaves; 8 outer perigonial leaves. All B. 0. van Zanten 681499. H. STREIMANN: Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 121

115' 120' 125' 130' 135' 140' 145' 150° 155'

10' 10'

JOO "" Kiiometres 0 \j

120' 125' 130' 135' 140' 145' 150°

Fig. 12. Known distribution of Calyptrochaeta rotundifolia. branched, smooth, to 2.5 mm long, ±44 µm wide, cells± 135 µm long. Dioicous. Perigonia axillary. Outer perigonial leaves lanceolate to linear, 1.20- 1.60 X0.20-0.37 mm; ecostate. Lamina) cells 75- lOO X 12-14 µm; border weak. Inner perigonial leaves broad, sharply narrowed to apiculus ± l.20X0.65 mm; costa extremely weak. Lamina! cells 75- 85X 10- 13 µm; border weak. Antheridia ± 10 per perigonia, 275- 300 µm long. Perichaetia and capsules not known. Illustrations: Fig. 11; Noguchi & Iwatsuki 1972: 479. Ecology: On moist rock in rainforest. Distribution: New to Australia. Known from one mountain in north Queensland at 1500 m (Fig. 12). Previous reports were from the Malaysian province of Sabah. Notes: The orbicular shape of the leaves is distinctive to this species, but some late­ ral leaves were not quite orbicular. The denticulation size is variable on the leaf. In the axils of the upper leaves are bunches of neatly arranged small rhizoids, 20- 25 µm wide. Perigo­ nial leaves are few, but the narrower outer perigonial leaves gradually grade into the broad­ er inner perigonial leaves. Etymology: The species name is derived from the Latin rotundus = almost rounded, 122 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0 and -folius = leaved, referring to the nearly rounded leaf shape. Specimen studied: Q UE ENSLAND: Mt Bartle Frere, summit area, 1500 m, on shaded damp, non­ calcareous rocks in rainforest, Aug 1968, B. 0. van Zanten 681499 (CANB, GRO). Collections not determined In north Queensland Calyptrochaeta so far has proved to be rare, or restricted, or under collected. For these reasons several collections could not be placed with certainty into Australian taxa, or those from surrounding regions. No collections of Eriopus mar­ ginatus Ther. (New Caledonian endemic) were located for this study. 1: HS 57167 (CANB). Queensland: Track to Mt Finnigan, Mt Finnigan Ra., 39km S of Cooktown, I OOO m, on moist shaded boulder in bouldery stream in rainforest, Oct 1995. Appears to be close to C. flexicollis, but the dentations are not strong enough for the latter and the border generally is too wide for C. brassii. The leaf shape and size, apiculus, cell shapes and size are quite similar in both species. This specimen was obtained very close to where the type of C. brassii was found. 2: Stone 19548 (MELU). Queensland: Mt Lewis, June 1982. This collections also appears to be close to C. flexicollis, but the leaves are too small for that species. The border and dentations are too strong for C. brassii and the leaf is rounder which, however is closer to the latter species. Also appears to be very close to Eri­ opus pacificus (Besch.) Fleisch., but the cells are slightly smaller. Sporophytes are un­ known for this latter species (Whittier 1976: 270). The status of these two northern Queensland collections can only be resolved by fur­ ther field studies and finding fertile material. 3. P Collier 3976 (HO). Tasmania: Weld R. valley, 300 m, shady limestone wall above sink hole [on fern leaf], Jan 1989. Similar to C. otwayensis, but with dentations. I have not seen any other Calyp­ trochaeta collections from fern leaves.

DALTONIA HOOK. & TAYL. Musci Brit. 80. 1818, nom. cons. Type: Neckera splachnoides Sm. [=Daltonia splachnoides (Sm.) Hook. & Tayl.], Engl. Bot. 36: 2564. 18 13 . Plants small to medium-size, slender, generally tufted, stems laxly erect, simple or branched, tomentose. Leaves evenly spirally inserted, dense, ovate to linear-lanceolate, keeled below along costa, base tapering, margin entire; costa thin, single, to below apex. Lamina) cells smooth, thin-walled, oval to variously rhomboidal, basal cells longer; mar­ ginal cells linear, forming conspicuous border, narrowed to I cell wide above. Rhizoids reddish-brown. Monoicous or synoicous. Calyptra mitrate, base deeply fringed. Seta rough above; capsule erect to inclined, oval to oval-oblong, annulus present or absent. Exostome teeth linear-subulate, reftexed when moist; papillose, zig-zag median line, endostome segments equal to teeth, papillose, keeled; cilia absent. Operculum rostrate, long sulcate. Spores small to medium-size, I 0- 25 µm . H. STREIMANN: Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 123

Often this genus is referred to the family Daltoniaceae, mainly because of the papil­ lose exostome teeth and endostome segments (Buck 1987: 212, Crosby 1974: 134). In the remaining genera of Hookeriaceae the exostome teeth are cross-striolate. The genus is named after James Dalton (1764- 1843), a British clergyman and botanist. A tropical to sub-tropical genus of about 50 species present in Africa, Asia and South America. Key to Daltonia species I. Leaves twisted and contorted when dry, leaf margin plane ...... 1. D. contorta Leaves erect or slightly flexuose when dry, leaf margin recurved ... 2. D. splachnoides 1. Daltonia contortc1 C. Muell., Syn. 2: 660. 1851. Type: 'Java: Blume. Hb. Al. Braun.' B (destroyed, Tan & Robinson 1990: 13). Plants small to medium-size, to 1.5 cm long, dull to brownish-green, rarely branched, stems red. Leaves crowded, erect, strongly twisted or contorted, erect-spreading when moist, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, (1.50-)2.50-4.00X0.63-0.75 mm, long acuminate, margin plane; costa strong, to ±314, width at base ±65 µm. Upper lamina! cells oval to rhomboidal, 17- 23 X 3-5 µm, median cells slightly shorter and wider, basal cells nearly rec­ tangular near border, more irregular towards costa, 30- 75X7- 12µm, reddish across base; border ±6 cells (25- 37 µm) wide. Rhizoids smooth to very weakly papillose, ±2.5mm long, 15- 20 µm wide, cells ± 150 µm long. Monoicous. Perichaetial leaves at capsule base few, oblong-lanceolate, 0.64- 0.80X0.16-0.30mm; ecostate. Lamina! cells rhomboidal, upper cells sligthly thick-walled above, 23- 30X6- 8µm, median cells 37- 50X7- 10µm, basal cells slightly bigger, median and basal juxtacostal cells longer and broader, to 112X 15 µm, leaf base reddish; border weak, above 1 cell wide, below 2 cells wide. Calyptra ± 1. I mm long. Seta 0.5-0.8 cm long, smooth to papillose; capsule erect to sub-erect, 1.0-1.5 mm long, variable, ovoid to cylin­ drical. Exostome teeth ±350 µm long, width at base ± 75 µm ; endostome segments narrow, width at base± 12 µm. Operculum 0.5-0.8. Spores 15- 20 µm, slightly papillose. Illustrations: Fig. 13; Bartram 1939: pl. 19; Brotherus 1907: 921 , 1925: 223; Mohamed & Robinson 1991 : 15; Tan & Robinson 1990: 12, 36. Ecology: No data available, but from moist, stunted forest on Mt Bellenden Ker where the substrata appears to be logs or tree bases. Distribution: Only known from a few collections from Mt Bellenden Ker and one from nearby Millaa-Millaa Falls (Fig. 14) at about 1500andl160m respectively. Reported from Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan, Philippines, Fiji, USA (Hawaii). Notes: Even though the twisted leaves are crowded, the reddish stems are promi­ nently visible. This species appears to grow in medium-sized, and possibly large, colonies as opposed to scattered tufts of Daltonia splachnoides. All collections were fertile (August and September). Etymology: The species name is from the Latin contortus = to twist or contort, re­ ferring to the twisted leaves. Specimens studied: Q UEENSLAND: Mt Fisher, Millaa-Millaa Falls, Aug 1979, I. G. Stone 15732; 2 0 0 0 124 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. o. 88

Fig. 13. Daltonia contorta. 1- 6 leaves; 7, 8 leafapices; 9, 10 mid-leaf cells; 11 upper cells at mid-leaf; 12, 13 basal leaf cells. 1- 3, 7, 10, 13 I. G. Stone 16785; 4--6, 8, 9, 11, 12 I. G. Stone 16850. H. STREIMANN: Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 125

115" 120" 125° 130" 135" 140" 145" 100" 155°

10" 10"

15• 15"

25• 25"

30"

35• 35•

JOO

KllOl'nefres "" 0 \j

45• 45• ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"---1 115· 120" 125· 130" 135" 140" 145" 100" 155·

Fig. 14. Known distribution of Daltonia contorta.

Mt Bellenden Ker, plane track, Sep 1980, I. G. Stone 16785, 16850; ----,near plane 16854 (all MELU). 2. Daltonia splachnoides (Sm.) Hook. & Tay!., Muse. Brit. 80: 1818. Neckera splachnoides Sm., Engl. Bot. 36: 2564. 1813 . Type: 'Secawn mountain near Dublin'. Holo­ type: BM! Daltonia pusilla Hook. f. & Wils., FI. Tasm. 2: 221. 1859. Type: 'Near springs, on Mount Wellington (very scanty specimen), growing on dead twigs, with Hypnum aciculare. (Oldfield, 67)'. Holo­ type: BM! D. novae-ze/andiae Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4: 95 . 1860. Type: 'New Zealand, ravines near Welling­ ton, Stephenson'. Holotype: NY. Plants small, stems reddish-brown, 5- 10 mm long, green to yellowish green, sh iny, darker when dry, branched or unbranched. Leaves crowded, flexuose when dry, erecto­ patent when moist, narrow, linear-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, l .45- 3.50X0.20- 0.45 mm, apex gradually acuminate, or narrow, margin variably recurved on both sides; costa to 3/4 leaf length, or more, width at base 25-38(-50) µm. Lamina! cells thin- to moderately thick-walled, apical cells linear, ±50X5 µm, upper and median cells irregular, hexagonal to narrow-irregularly rhomboidal, short fusiform, 25- 35 X6-10µm, basal cells more rec- 126 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0

tangular, lax, 25- 38X6- 12µm, cells at basal angles red, rounded, inflated; border well de­ fined, 1- 3 cells wide, generally to 6 cells at base. Rhizoids reddish, smooth to very finely papillose, branched, to 2.5 mm long, 13- 25 µm wide, cells± 100-125 µm long. Autoicous or synoicous. Perigonia and perichaetia lateral. Outer perigonal leaves linear-lanceolate, 1.00- 1.1 OX0.25-0.40 mm, inner leaves ovate, 0.68- l.OOX0.19- 0.30 mm, margin entire; ecostate. Lamina! cells rhomboidal to linear-rhomboidal, ±75X 10 µm, basal and upper cells shorter, median cells larger; weak border of longer narrower cells. Antheridia 5- 10 per antheridium, 200-300 µm long, paraphyses sparse. Outer perichaetial leaves lanceolate, inner ovate, 0.60-0.80X0.14-0.20mm, shorter, narrower than stem leaves, acute; ecostate. Archegonia ± 100 µm long. Calyptra 0.9- 1.3 mm. Seta reddish, 0.4- 1.2 cm long; capsule ovoid, erect or inclined, 0.70 - 1.25 mm long, exothecium cells col­ lenchymatous, thickened. Exostome teeth reflex outward when moist, narrow-lanceolate, 400- 500 µm, width at base ±50 µm; endostome segments fil iform, width at base 20- 25 µm, basal membrane low; cilia absent. Operculum 0.6-1 .3 mm. Spores slightly pa­ pillose, 12- 15(- 20)µm. Illustrations: Fig. 15 ; Sainsbury 1955: 390 (Daltonia angustifolia); Smith 1813: 2564 (Neckera);

4

Fig. 15. Daltonia splachnoides. 1- 5 leaves; 6 mid-leaf cells; 7, basal leaf cells; 8 leaf apex ; 9 upper cells at mid-leaf. I I. G. Stone 16801 ; 2, 5, 8, HS 59535; 3, 4, 6, 7, 9 I. G. Stone 16788. H. STREIMANN: Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 127

Smith 1978: 513; Wilson & Hooker 1859: pl. CLXXVII (Daltonia pusilla). Ecology: In southern Australia found in cool temperate and Eucalyptus forests where it prefers slender shrub branches, often dead, forming small scattered tufted colonies. Reported growing on Pomaderris, Hedycarya, Acacia (blackwood) and Dickso­ nia (tree fern) fronds, also on dead wood. The north Queensland collections are from moist, stunted forest where the substrata appears to be twigs, and possibly a tree fern stem. Distribution: Occurs in southern Victoria where it has been mostly collected in the Otway Ranges, but it is more common in Tasmania (Fig. 16). Reported altitudes are from 250 to 500 m, but it could be found higher as many collections lacked data. In north Queensland known only so far from Mt Bellenden Ker at about 1500 m. Occurs also in Ireland, Madeira, Fernando Po and New Zealand (North and South Is­ lands). Types: The type of Daltonia splachnoides was studied as well as other European collections. The Australian collections agreed with the material borrowed from BM. Tasmanian collections which were reported as D. pusilla proved to be conspecific with D. splachnoides. The type of D. pusilla is very small and scrappy, but a few leaves that I was able to study were similar to D. sp/achnoides which exhibits considerable variation.

115' 120'" 125' 130" 135' 140' 145' 150" 155'

10" 10"

15'

20'" 20'"

25' 25'

30"

w w 115' 155'

Fig. 16. Known distribution of Daltonia splachnoides. 128 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0

Some packets labelled as D. pusi/la contained an ecostate moss [Ptychomnion aciculare (Brid.) Mitt.] which has a different leaf shape. Notes: Because of the small size and scattered colonies, this plant is possibly often overlooked. The north Queensland collections may be confused with D. contorta if the leaves are slightly twisted. However, D. splachnoides has a narrow leaf with recurved margins. The laminal cells are also more variable in shape, compared with the more regular appearance of D. contorta cells. Most collections examined proved to be prolifically fertile as well as having numerous perigonia in the leaf axils. Collections with capsules were collected most commonly be­ tween February and April and again during October and November. Capsules were also noted for the other months except for January, May and September for which no collections were available. Of the collections examined spore size showed very little variation, most being either 12 or 13 µm. I am of the opinion that D. angustifolia is the the same as D. splachnoides, but to be certain the type (L) has to be seen. What appears to be an isotype (BM) is quite similar to the Australian collections of D. splachnoides. I agree with Fleisher (1908: 960) where he states that 'In general, our species, with its great variety, does not seem to be specifically different from the European-American D. splachnoides Hook. et Tayl.' Willis (1955: 78) agreed, and Scott & Stone (1976) followed Willis. At that time no collections of this genus had been made in north Queensland. The available north Queensland collections agree with the southern ones with a few exceptions. The northern leaves tend to be in the longer size range, often narrower and therefore with a narrow apex. This difference between northern and southern populations was also noted in collections of Distichophyl/um crispulum (Streimann 1999: 95) and Pap­ illaria /euconeura (Streimann 1991: 245, 246). The leaves of the southern populations of Daltonia splachnoides tended to be more prominently recurved, slightly thicker-walled and the cells more regularly rhomboidal. The border in the leaf base can vary; up to 10 cells wide in the northern populations and to 12 in the southern populations. Etymology: The species is from the Greek splachnon, initially applied to a foliose lichen, and the moss genus Bryum. Splachnum is a moss genus and Smith possibly named the species after it because of leaf similarity. Exiccata: Bryophyta Se/ecta Exsiccata 232. VICTORIA: Paradise Falls, Apollo Bay. On leaves and twigs of tree-ferns, Mar 1973, G. A. M. Scott s.n. (ALTA). Musci Australasiae Exsiccati 495. TASMA­ NIA: King River, Teepookana S.F., 10 km SE of Strahan, alt. 50 m, scattered on living and dead shrub twigs (Pomaderris apetala and Acacia vertici/lata) in disturbed temperate forest with Nothofagus on moderate slope above river, May 1997, HS 59555. Specimens studied: QUEEN SLAND: Mt Bellenden Ker, creek track, Oct 1980, I. G. Stone 16788, 16801 (MELU). VICTORIA: Badgers Ck, Healesville, Mar 1996, G. A. M. Scott 1515 (MELU); Moon­ light Gully, Warragul, Oct 1978, I. G. Stone 14494 (MELU); Turtons Rd, 9km E of Beech Forest, 480m, on small branches in temperate forest in gully, Aug 1975, HS 2451 (CANB, L). TASMANIA: Mt Field N.P., L. Dobson Rd, 2000ft [610m], in Richia pandanifolia wet area in Nothofagus cunning­ hamii, Eucryphia, Atherosperma, Phyllocladus and E14calyptus dominated mixed forest, Cladia reti­ pora, C. sullivanii, Sphagnum australis and Dicranoloma robusta abundant, Dec 1981, D. H. Vitt H. STREIMANN: Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 129

29116 (CANB); Nelson R., Southwest Conservation Area, 360m, on stem of young Eucryphia luci­ da in regenerating wet forest: Nothofagus cunninghamii, Melaleuca squamea, Pimelea drupacea, Monotoca glauca, Gaultheria hispida, Restio tetraphyllus, Polystichum proliferum, Blechnum wattsii, B. nudum, Feb 1995, A. Mosca! 26827 (HO); Mt Wellington, Hobart Rivulet below Springs, on wood, Oct 1910, L. Rodway s.n. (herb. Weymouth 2383); Heemskirk R., c 1.5 miles [2.4 km] SW of Heem­ skirk Falls, I 00 m, on moist diffusely lit bark of Pomaderris in open Eucalyptus forest along road, Jan 1974, D. H. Norris 31523 (H).

HOOKERIOPSIS (BESCH.) JAEG . Ber. Thlitigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1875-76: 358 (Ad. 2: 262) 1877. Hookeria sect. Hooke­ riopsis Besch., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sCr. 6, 3: 240. 1876. Lectotype: Hookeria leiophylla Besch. [=Hookeriopsis leiophylla (Besch.) Jaeg. ], Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 6, 3: 240. 1876,fid. Welch, Bryologist 69: 33. 1966. Plants medium-size, irregularly branched, densely foliate. Lateral leaves spreading, slightly contorted when dry, coarsely and irregularly serrate in upper half half, often twinned; costa double reaching over half leaf length. Lamina) cells smooth to weakly prorulose or papillose. Calyptra mitrate, smooth or rough. Seta smooth or to rough; capsule horizontal or pendant, ovoid-cylindric; annulus present or absent. Exostome teeth cross-striolate, fur­ rowed, or papillose; endostome sergments generally lacking cilia. It could be mistaken for Ca/licoste/la, but that genus has a longer nerve, the leaf mar­ gins are not so strongly denticulate, and the leaf cells are shorter. Buck (1987: 215) pointed out Hookeriopsis does not represent a natural grouping, but contains species that do not fit into other relatively well defined genera. He placed all Old World species into Thamniopsis. Tan & Robinson ( 1990: 25) agreed that the species com­ position is too diverse, but they, and Lin & Tan (1995 : 45), preferred to retain Hookeriop­ sis. Derived from the genus Hookeria and from the Latin opsis = -looking like, or having the appearance of; alluding to its similarity to Hookeria This moderately large tropical to subtropical genus (ea 80 species) is found in Africa, Central and South America and less commonly in southeast Asia. Hookeriopsis utacamundiana (Mont.) Broth., Nat. Pfl 1: 942. 1907. Hookeria utacamundiana Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 2, 17: 247. 1842. Type: 'India. Montibus Nilgheriensibus, prope Ootacamund, Perrottet s.n.' Holotype: PC. lsotype: NY. Plants medium-size, to 5 cm long, prostrate, yellowish-green to dark green. Leaves often with purple tinge, complanate, slightly twisted when dry, undulate when moist, ovate to ovate-oblong, (l.50- )1.70- l.88X0.65-0.78mm, symmetric, smaller lateral leaves asym­ metric, apex obtuse, base weakly narrowed, margin erect, broadly inftexed on one side of base (concave), entire below, serrulate at mid-leaf, coarsely denticulate above, teeth irregu­ lar, double; costae double, divergent, slender, from below half leaf length to above, asym­ metrically positioned at base. Lamina! cells thin-walled, hexagonal to oval-hexagonal, upper lamina! cells 24-30(- 53)X 12- 15 µm, median cells narrowly-rhomboidal to rhom­ boidal, 37-45(-54)X 10- 12 µm, weakly prorulose, basal cells narrowly-rectangular, 75- 130 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0

I 00 µm, linear-elongated towards margin; not forming distinct border. Stem leaves similar to branch leaves. Rhizoids reddish-brown, axillary, branched, to 1.05 mm long, 15-17 µm wide, cells:±: 100 µm long. Autoicous. Perigonia in lower leaf axils, bud-like, below perichaetia. Inner perigo­ nial leaves cymbiform, ± 0.8 mm long, antheridia few to numerous, slightly longer than pa­ raphyses. Inner perichaetial leaves ovate-lanceolate, :±: 1.0-1.2 mm long, acute, entire or serrulate above, paraphyses few; ecostate. Calyptra narrowly mitriform. Seta slender, red­ dish-brown, 0.6-1.6 cm long, smooth below, rough above; capsule :±: 1.5 mm long, horizon­ tal or pendant, apophysis long, mammillose, annulus absent. Exostome teeth lanceolate, yellowish-brown, ±0.40- 0.48 mm long, transversely striate, broadly furrowed along median line; endostome segments hyaline, papillose, basal membrane Jess than 1/2 length of teeth; cilia absent. Operculum conic-rostrate, 0.5-0.9 mm long. Spores round, smooth, 12- 18µm. Illustrations: Fig. 17; Bartram 1933: 194 [Hookeriopsis purpurea (C. Muell.) Broth.], 1939: pl. 20 (H. geminidens Broth.); Fleischer 1908: 1030 [H. sumatrana (Bosch & Lac.) Broth.]; Gangulee 1977 : 1513, 1515 [H. secunda (Griff.) Broth.); Lin & Tan 1995: 48, 49, 67; Noguchi 1991: 757. Ecology: Not known for Australian collections. However, in China it is found on ground, tree bases, decaying Jogs and boulders under partial dense forest cover. Bartram ( 1933) reported it growing on wet rocks in the Hawaii mountains. Distribution: North Queensland, between Mackay and Mareeba (Fig. 18) at higher elevations. Widespread in Asia from Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, Japan, In­ donesia, Papua New Guinea and USA (Hawaii). Notes: Stone ( 1982: 517) reported only the genus for Australia. One collection gathered on Mt Bellenden Ker in September was fertile. The Aus­ tralian collections had some purple leaves near the tip, but they were not obvious to the naked eye. The variation in the leaf apex and the marginal serration is considerable and the dou­ ble marginal teeth may not always be immediately obvious. The weak prorulate papillae on the leaf cells are also not obvious. The costa length in the smaller leaves is less than half leaf length, and weak. The leaf size in Australian collections did not reach the 2.00- 2.35 X 0.80- 1.00 mm mentioned in literature for Asian collections. However, this may re­ flect the small sample studied. The size of the leaf cells is also quite variable. The inflec­ tion of the leaf was on the side nearest the shorter costa. Etymology: The species is named after the locality of the original collection of Ootacamund in the Kunda Hills of southern India. Specimens studied: Q UEENSLAND: Mt Haig, Jui 1984, I. G. Stone 22299A ; Mt Bellenden Ker, Sep 1980, I. G. Stone 16866; Eungella N.P., N-end, Sep 1980, 1. G. Stone 17122 (all MELU).

SAULOMA (HOOK. F. & WILS.) MITT. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4: 89. 1859 & I.e. Suppl. I: 116. 1859. Hookeria sect. Sauloma Hook. f. & Wils., FI. Nov. Zel. 2: 122. 1854. Type: Hookeria tenella Hook. f. & Wils. [ = Sauloma tenella (Hook. f. & Wils.) Mitt.], FI. Nov. Zel. 2: 122. 1854. H. STREIMANN: Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 131

3

·, : ' ' ' . ' . '' ' ' : I~ ~_::·

7

' ' I I ' ' ' ' ' "' '·. .\.. · ~,·~

Fig. 17. Hookeriopsis utacamundiana. 1- 7 leaves; 8 apical leaf cells; 9 mid-leaf cells; I 0 basal laef cells. I, 3-5 I. G. Stone 22299A; 2 l.G. Stone 16866; 6, 8-10 I. G. Stone 17122. 132 1. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0

115° 120" 125' 130" 135' 145' 150" 155'

w· 10'

15' 15'

20" 20"

25' 25'

35' 35'

~ ~ 115' 155'

Fig. 18. Known distribution of Hookeriopsis utacamundiana.

Plants soft, slender, light coloured, prostrate with erect branches. Leaves densely im­ bricate, elongate-oblong to lanceolate; border and nerve absent. Lamina! cells rhomboidal to hexagonal. Rhizoids white, common. Dioicous. Calyptra smooth, entire or fringed at base. Seta short; capsule oval to ob­ long. Peristome double, teeth furrowed along median line, processes well developed. Spores small to large. This is a small genus of 5 species which occur in South America, Australasia, south­ east Asia and East Africa. The generic name is derived from the Greek saulos = soft, affected, effeminate, refer­ ring to the delicate, pale colour of the plant. Sauloma tenella (Hook. f. & Wits.) Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4: 89. 1859. Hookeria tenella Hook. f. & Wils., FI. Nov. Zel. 2: 122. 1854. Type: "Northern and Middle Islands: Banks' Peninsula, Lyall'. BM! Hookeria zetterstedtii C. Muell., Linnaea 37: 158. 1872, syn. nov. Type: 'Nova Hollandia, forsan ex Australia felici : Hb. Zetterstedt'. BM! Homalia zetterstedtii (C. Muell.) Jaeg., Ber. Thatigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1875-76: 295 (Ad. 2: 199) 1877. Sauloma zetterstedtii (C. Muell.) Jaeg., Ber. Thatigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1877-78: 468 (Ad. 2: 372) 1879. Disti- H. STREIMANN: Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 133

chophyllum zetterstedtii (C. Muell.) Mitt., Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria 19: 77. 1882. Hypnum lepidopiloides C. Muell., Linnaea. 37: 159. 1872, nom. nud. in syn. Plants medium-size, to 2 cm long, stems erect, green to light green or golden colour, tips may be silvery, constantly branched. Leaves dense, often secund, closely imbricated, erect to erecto-patent when dry, erect when moist, glossy, narrow-triangular to ovate-trian­ gular, 2.10- 3.35X0.52--0.75mm, acuminate, base tapered, margin entire, slightly recurved above, single plica in mid-leaf; costa absent or very short, plica often mistaken for costa. Lamina! cells thin-walled, linear-rhomboidal, upper cells 50-90X7- 10(-13)µm, median cells 80- 135Xl0- 15µm, basal cells to 175X20µm, appearance of weak alar cells, cells near basal margin shorter, row of broad isodiametric cells across base. Rhizoids axillary, white, brown at base, much branched, width 10-15 µm, cells ± I 00-120 µm long. Dioicous. Perigonia rounded, lateral or terminal, red-brownish. Perigonial leaves ± 1.5 mm. Outer perichaetial leaves subulate, ±2.00X0.30 mm, inner linear-lanceolate; 0.9-l.10X0.18--0.20mm, median cells l.10- l.36X0.10--0.12µm, basal cells on outer leaves ± 60 X 16 µm, on inner leaves shorter, width as for median cells. Antheridia numer­ ous, 400-500 X I 00-110 µm, paraphyses clear, to 600 µm long, 12-20 µm wide, cells 100-125 µm long. Perichaetial leaves l.50-l.88X0.50--0.62 mm; median cells !OO-l 75X 12-15 µm, cells near basal margin shorter, slightly broader, across base hexagonal, reduc­ ing to 50X25 µm. Calyptra mitriform, smooth, l.3- l.6mm long, fringed below, black above, grading to white below. Seta reftexed below capsule, ±0.6 cm long, dark red above, darker below; capsule ± l mm long, oval to oval-oblong, neck constricted. Peristome teeth joined at base, lanceolate-subulate, 300-350 µm long, width at base ±50 µm, apices fili­ form, transversely striolate, median line widely furrowed, trabeculae laterally projecting, basal membrane 1/4-113 heigth of teeth; endostome segments lanceolate-subulate, nearly same size as teeth, widely split between articulations. Operculum 0.5- 1.0 mm, conic-ros­ trate, beak long. Spores smooth, 8- 10(-15) µm. Illustrations: Fig. 19; Brotberus 1907: 924; Matteri 1975: 43: Sainsbury 1955: 390; Scott & Stone 1976: 395; Wilson & Hooker 1854: Tab. XCII. Ecology: Apparently prefers moister habitats, but has also been reported from dry and wet sclerophyll forests, monsoon forests and regrowth. It was found on tree trunks and treelet (Pomaderris) stems, Eucalyptus base, on ground, logs, stumps, rocks and rock-faces (including limestone). Distribution: Found in southern Queensland, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Tasmania and SW Western Australia (Fig. 20). The reported altitude range was between 120-IOOOm on the mainland, while in Tasmania it was from sea-level to 590 m. This species extends to New Zealand, Chile and Argentina. Type: Scott & Stone (1975: 396) suggested that S. zetterstedtii is doubtfully different from S. tenella; after studying the fragmentary type of Hookeria zetterstedtii (BM) I be­ lieve that they are the same taxon. The leaves of the type (H. zetterstedtii) and the Western Australian collections of Sauloma tenella were often shorter than of the eastern Australian populations. Notes: Capsules were noted commonly between July and January. This species can be mistaken for Sematophyllum because of the secund or often fal- 134 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0

\\ ' \ ! ., I ,! \\ Ii/,

Fig. 19. Sauloma tenella. cate appearance which resembles the branch tips of some Sematophy/lum species where the tips point away from the substate. When the angular cells are better deloveped they resem­ ble weak alar cells. Etymology: The species name is derived from the Latin tenellus =tender, soft, deli­ cate; alluding to the soft appearance of the colonies? Specimens studied: 61. QUEENSLAND : Balfour Ra., 29 km SE of Nanango on Brisbane Valley Highway, 400m, on tree trunk in dry semi-tropical forest with hoop pine, Aug 1979, HS 9335 (CANB): NEW SOUTH WALES: Yarrangobilly Caves, 40 km NW of Adaminaby, 920 m, dry sclerophyll forest on limestone, Jan 1979, HS 7623 (CANB, L); Coolangubra S. F. , 18 km SSE of Bombala, 760 m, on base of Eucalyptus in wet sclerophyll forest gully with Bedfordia and Prostanthera, Feb H. STREJMANN: Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 135

115" 120" 125° 130" 135" 140' 145" 150" 155"

HJ' HJ"

15" 15'

115' 120" 125' 130" 135' 140' 145' 150" 155'

Fig. 20. Known distribution of Sauloma tenel/a.

1986, HS 36462 (CANB, B). AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY: Tidbinbilla Nat. Res., 25 km SW of Canberra, IOOOm, on tree trunk in wet sclerophyll forest, Dec 1974, HS 1417 (CANB, H, L, MO, NICH). VICTORIA: Club Terrace-Combienbar Rd, 6 km N of Club Terrace, 120 m, on ground beside stream in regrowth of Pittosporum, Acacia and Bedfordia in gully, Sep 1985, HS 35586 (CANB); Erskine R., Lorne, Nov 1919, W.W. Watts Vicl046 (NSW). TASMANIA: Higginbothams Ck, Humbug State Recreation Area, I m, riparian and lagoon edge forest of sparse Eucalyptus amygdalina, E. globulus over Melaleuca ericifo/ia, E. squarrosa, Acacia verticillata, Dicksonia antarctica, Lepi­ dosperma elatus, Lomandra longifolia, Pterydium esculentum, Jui 1993, A. Mosca/ 25662 (HO); Marriotts Falls State Res., 280 m, occassional on falls rock face slope base with Zygodon intermedius, Ptychomnion aciculare, Dicranoloma menziesii in fossiliferous mudstone stream gully with mixed forest of Eucalyptus regnans over Nothofagus cunninghamii, Atherosperma moschatum, Acacia melanoxylon, Dicksonia antarctica, Polystichum proliferum, Blechnum wattsii, B. nudum, May 1992, A. Mosca/ 23879 (HO); Leven R., ea 1 mile (1.6 km) S of Leven Hill, ea. 200 m, on moist diffusely lit bark of Eucalyptus in Eucalyptus forest with Olearia understorey, Jan 1974, D. H. Norris 32523 (NY). WEST ERN AUSTRALIA: Beedelup Falls, ea 18 miles [29 km] W of Pemberton, on moist diffusely lit stump of eucalypt in virgin Eucalyptus diversicolor forest, Oct 1973, D. H. Norris 25975 (NY); Vasse Rd at Maidenhead trail, Warren N. P., 8 miles [13 km) S of Pemberton, on moist diffuse­ ly lit base of eucalypt in mature Eucalyptus diversicolor forest along trail, Oct 1973, D. H. Norris 136 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0

26028 (NY).

EXCLUDED TAXA Calyptrochaeta cristata (Hedw.) Desv., Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 3: 226. 1825. Leskea cristata Hedw., Spee. Muse. 211. 1801. TYPE: 'Insulae australis'. No Australian collections were found amongst the material studied. The Australian re­ port originated from Welch (1970: 380, 385). This reference may be due to the original ci­ tation 'Insulae australis' which sometimes was mistakenly interpreted as Australia instead of New Zealand. Daltonia angustifolia Dozy & Molk., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 3, 2: 302. 1844. Appears to be similar to D. splachnoides and previously determined Australian collec­ tions of D. angustifolia match that species. Hookeria acutifolia Hook. & Grev., Edinburgh J. Sci. 2: 225. 1825. No collections of this species were noted for Australia and it is assumed that Gan­ gulee's reference (1977: 1493, 1495) is in error. Hookeria lucens (Hedw.) Sm., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 9: 275. 1808 & Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 27. 190 1. 1808. No Australian collections of this species, or previously so named, were found. The original collection; reported by Brown (1814: 593 - collected by himself), was not found. It could have been a misdetermination for forms of either Achrophyllum dentatum or Disti­ chophyllum microcarpum, but it was not also found under those names.

CORRECTIONS & OMISSIONS FROM PART 1 Hepaticina interstitialis C. Muell., Hedwigia 41: 127. 1902. Type of this taxon was not located, but from the protologue it certainly appears to be Achrophyllum denticulatum (Hook. f. & Wils.) Vitt & Crosby. Pterygophyllum obscurum Mitt. Should have been annotated as syn. nov.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by a grant from the Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS) towards a revision of the Hookeriaceae for the Flora ofAustralia. The curators of the following herbaria are gratefully thanked for their prompt assis­ tance in providing loans: AD, BM, BRI, H, HO, HUH, JE, L, MEL, MELU, NSW, NY. Helpful comments by Drs B. Mishler and H. P. Ramsay on the manuscript are also grateful­ ly acknowledged. Dr B. C. Tan was gracious enough to share his knowledge of Calyp­ trochaeta with me and determined C. rotundifolia. L. Craven provided the Latin description and Dr A. Fife also assisted with further information.

R EFERENCES Bartram, E. B. 1933. Manual of Hawaiian mosses. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bull. IOI : 1-275, Honolulu. Bartram, E. B. 1939. Mosses of the Philippines. Philipp. J. Sci . 68 : 1-437. Reprint 1972. 0 . Koeltz, H. STREIMANN: Australian Hookeriaceae. 3 137

Koenigstein-Taunus. Bartram, E. B. 1952. North Queensland mosses collected by L. J. Brass. Farlowia 4: 235- 247. Brotherus, V. F. 1907 (1901 - 1909). Musci. In : A. Engler & K. Prantl (Eds), Die Natiirlichen Pfanzen­ familien 1(3): 277- 1246. W. Engelmann, Leipzig. Brotherus, V. F. 1925. Unterklasse Bryales II . Spezieller Tei!. In: A. Engler & K. Prantl (Eds), Die Natiirlichen Pfanzenfamilien Tei! I, Bd 11 : 1- 542. W. Engelmann, Leipzig. Brown, R. 1814. General remarks, geographical and systematical, on the botany of Terra Australis. In : M. Flinders (Ed.), A voyage to Terra Australis; undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country and prosecuted in the years 1801 , 1802 and 1803 in his Majesty's ship the Investigator. 2 vols. G. & W. Nicol, London. Fasc. ed. Libraries Board of South Aus­ tralia, Adelaide, 1966 (Australiana fasc. ed. no. 37). Buck, W. R. 1987. Taxonomic and nomenclatural rearrangement in the Hookeriales with notes on West Indian species. Brittonia 39: 210-224. Catcheside, D. J. 1980. Mosses of South Australia. Gov. Print., Adelaide. Crosby, M. R. 1974. Towards a revised classification of the Hookeriaceae (Musci). J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 38 : 129- 141. Fife, A. J. 1995. Checklist of the mosses of New Zealand. Bryologist 98: 313- 337. Fleischer, M. 1908. Die Musci der flora von Buitenzorg (Zugleich Laubmoos flora von Java). Vol. 3. E. J. Brill, Leiden. Reprint 1977. J. Cramer, Vaduz. Gangulee, H. C. I 977. Mosses of eastern India and adjacent regions. Vol. 2, fasc. 6. Pub!. privately, Calcutta. Lin, P.-J. & B. C. Tan. 1995. Contributions to the bryoflora of China (12): A taxonomic revision of Chinese Hookeriaceae (Musci). Harvard Papers Bot. 7: 25-68. Matteri, C. M. 1975. Bryophyta, Musci Hookeriales. FI. Criptogamica de Tierra de! Fuego, tomo XIV, Fasc. 9. Fundacion Educ. Cienc. Cult., Buenos Aires. Mohamed, H. & H. Robinson. 1991. A taxonomic revision of the moss families Hookeriaceae and Hypopterygiaceae in Malaya. Smithson. Contrib. Bot. 80: 1-44. Noguchi, A. I 991. Illustrated moss flora of Japan. Pt 4. Hattori Bot. Lab., Nichinan. Noguchi, A. & Z. lwatsuki 1972. Mosses of North Borneo, I. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 36: 455-486. Sainsbury, G. 0 . K. 1955. A handbook of New Zealand mosses. Bull. Roy. Soc. New Zealand No 5, Wellington. Scott, G. A. M. & I. G. Stone. 1976. The mosses of southern Australia. Academic Press, London. Smith, A. J.E. 1978. The moss flora of Britain and Ireland. Cambridge Uni. Press, Cambridge. Smith, J.E. 1813. Neckera splachnoides. Pear-fruited Neckera. Engl. Bot. 36: 2564. Stone, I. G. 1982. Some new and noteworthy records of mosses mostly from Queensland, Australia. Austrobaileya 1: 511 - 520. Streimann, H. 1991. Taxonomic studies on Australian Meteoriaceae (Musci). I: Introduction and the genus Papillaria. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 69: 203-256. Streimann, H. 1997. Taxonomic studies on Australian Hookeriaceae (Musci). I. Introduction and the genera Achrophyllum, Callicostella, Chaetomitrium and Cyclodictyon. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 82: 281-304. Streimann, H. 1999. Taxonomic studies on Australian Hookeriaceae (Musci). 2. The genera Disti­ chophyllum and Bryobrothera. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 86: 89- 119. Streimann, H. & J. A. Curnow. 1989. Catalogue of mosses of Australia and its external Territories. Austral. FI. & Fauna ser. 10, Austral. Gov. Pub. Serv., Canberra. Tan, B. C. & H. Robinson 1990. A review of Philippine Hookeriaceous taxa. Smithsonian Contrib. 138 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 88 2 0 0 0

Bot. 75 : 1-41. Welch, W. H. 1970. Hookeriaceae species and distribution in Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia and Oceania. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 79: 377- 387. Whittier, H. 0 . 1976. Mosses of the Society Islands. University Presses of Florida, Gainesville. Willis, J. H. 1955. New and interesting moss records for Australia. Victorian Naturalist 72: 73- 78. Wilson, W. & J. D. Hooker 1847. Musci. In : J. D. Hooker, 1845- 1847 (Ed.), The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H. M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror, in the years 1839- 1843 under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross. Pt I. Flora Antarctica Vol. 2: 395-423. L. Reeve & Co., London. Wilson, W. & J. D. Hooker 1854. Musci. In : J. D. Hooker, 1852- 1855 (Ed.), The botany of the Antarctic voyage - - -. Pt 2. Flora Novae-Zelandiae. Vol. 2: 57-125. L. Reeve & Co, London. Wilson, W. & J. D. Hooker 1859. Musci. In : J. D. Hooker, 1855-1859 (Ed.), The botany of the Antarctic voyage - - -. Pt 3. Flora Tasmaniae. Vol. 2: l 6(}-221 (additions p. 376). L. Reeve & Co, London.