11524 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 18, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS STATEMENT OF CARL GERSH carried out through our core grantees in In Chile, where the unfolding political MAN ON THE NATIONAL EN these fields, the Free Trade Union Institute, process that will result in a plebescite later DOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY the Center for International Private Enter this year could bring about the transition to prise, and the National Democratic and the democracy that groups across the democrat National Republican Institutes for Interna ic political spectrum have been striving to HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO tional Affairs), as well as civic organizations achieve; OF CALIFORNIA of women and youth, public policy insti In South Africa, where black and white IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tutes, cooperatives, and a variety of free democrats, undaunted by the new wave of communications media including newspa repression, are working together to replace Wednesday, May 18, 1988 pers, journals, books and films. apartheid with a democratic system; Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, as Chair Procedurally, in addition to establishing In Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and man of the National Republican Institute for high standards for the careful selection, other countries of Eastern Europe where International Affairs, I take great pride in the monitoring and evaluation of grants, we there has been an extraordinary growth in work of our organization to develop and have adhered to three basic operating prin independent democratic action, a process ciples: our grants are open to public scruti that is now spreading even to the Soviet strengthen democratic institutions in other ny, our programs are responsive to the Union itself. countries in the world. The work of the Repub needs and initiatives of our partners abroad, These are but a few of the countries in lican Institute is strongly supported by the Na and our approach is consistent, not veering which we have been active, all of which are tional Endowment for Democracy. Its presi to the left or to the right but holding faith listed in the annual report that we have dent, Carl Gershman, recently testified before fully to a democratic course. In practice, submitted to the subcommittee. Among the the House Appropriations Subcommittee on this means that we are ready to assist au many projects described, there are some Commerce, Justice, State, and Judiciary on thentic democratic initiatives in a wide vari that already have had an especially broad the activities of the endowment and the relat ety of circumstances: in authoritarian sys and significant impact. I would like to call tems where the goal is transition to democ the subcommittee's attention to: ed institutes. His statement follows: racy; in developing democracies where the The Institute for Liberty and Democracy STATEMENT OF CARL GERSHMAN, PRESIDENT, goal is the reinforcement of democratic in Peru, where pioneering work with the NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY structures and values; in closed societies vast informal sector of microentrepreneurs I want to thank you, Mr. Chairman, and where the goal is opening the system to in has produced a new free-market approach the members of the subcommittee, for dependent activity; and in conflict-ridden to development in the Third World that is giving me the opportunity to testify before countries where the goal is sustaining the beginning to transform development theory you today on behalf of the National Endow possibility of democracy when the violence and policy around the world; ment for Democracy. I welcome the chance subsidies. Conciencia in Argentina, a women's civic to respond to your questions, since I am con This approach, Mr. Chairman, has been action movement that is spreading to fif fident that the more that is known about presided over by a Board of Directors that teen other Latin American Countries and the Endowment's work, the more support reflects the broad diversity and vigorous has been established in the Philippines as there will be for its unique and profoundly pluralism of American society. It has found well; important mission. support in a growing bipartisan majority in Libro Libre in Costa Rica, a movement of From where we stand today, we can look Congress and acceptance here and abroad democratic intellectuals, which has pro back upon four years of work-four years of among groups actively working to promote duced a new democratic literature for Cen building an institution that has the explicit, democratic ends. The fact that this bold, in tral America and which repressents the first unambiguous purpose of advancing democ novative and authentically democratic ap coherent attempt to promote democratic racy throughout the world. No one, Mr. proach has also been unifying and consensu ideas in the region; Chairman, has followed this process more al demonstrates how broad and deep is the The International Coalition for Human closely than your subcommittee, and I hope commitment to democracy in our own coun Rights in Cuba, headed by Armando Valla you will agree that the progress made by try and indeed throughout the world. dares who just recently led the successful the Endowment has been steady and en If we have been successful, Mr. Chairman, fight for the establishment of a United Na couraging. it is largely because there exist people tions commission to investigate Cuban This progress-and what I believe will be abroad who are passionately and coura human rights violations. the bright and important future of the En geously devoted to democracy. For them, de The Chinese Intellectual, a journal of in dowment-is the result of three fundamen mocracy is not something to be taken for dependent opinion circulating in China tal factors. The first is what we have done granted. It is a precious ideal whose value is whose editor has now established a major here to build the Endowment. The second is enhanced by the very precariousness of its intellectual center in Beijing which is work that others have done abroad to advance de existence in some countries, or by its denial ing to further the process of reform and mocracy. And the third is the very nature of by force in many others. These people, with opening. the world situation in which we find our whom the Endowment has established The people who lead these efforts were selves. bonds of solidarity and cooperation, include: among those who spoke at a conference we First, with regard to the Endowment In the Philippines, trade unionists, busi organized last year to describe our work. itself: Over the past four years, we have es ness leaders, women civic activists and high Their remarks, as well as those of other tablished a durable foundation that is at school students who are struggling to con equally remarkable democratic leaders who once conceptually, programmatically and solidate their new democracy under the spoke there, are included in this book, the procedurally sound. Conceptually, our work most difficult conditions; Challenge of Democracy, which I would also has been based upon the view, set forth in In Haiti, democrats who refuse to relin like to present to the subcommittee. 1984 in our Statement of Principles and Ob quish the political space they have gained Mr. Chairman, the third and final factor jectives, that "the existence of autonomous since the overthrow of Duvalier, and who that accounts for the progress and accept economic, political, social and cultural insti continue to work for the establishment of ance of the Endowment is the very nature tutions"-in a word, civil society-"is the democracy despite the violence of the past of the world situation in which we find our foundation of the democratic process and year; selves. This situation is clearer to us now, the best guarantor of individual rights and In Nicaragua, where the labor, business after the experience of Nicaragua, than it freedoms." and political groups comprising the civic op was before. What we have all learned and, I Programmatically, we have acted upon position, along with the editors of La think, can agree upon is that an anti-Com this idea by contributing to the develop Prensa, the Mother of Political Prisoners, munist dictator (such as Somoza) is not a ment, and in some cases the very survival, of youth activists and many others have re bulwark against Communism, nor is the re a wide array of free institutions devoted to fused to succumb to fear and repression and moval of such a dictator a guarantee of de the values of democracy: trade unions, busi may now be in a position to advance their mocracy. If we don't build up the democrat ness associations and political parties e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. May 18, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11525 adequate resources-then there will not be a who will be helped most by H.R. 1834, the other passengers were injured, at least eight strong democratic alternative when the au Minimum Wage Restoration Act of 1987. seriously, in the crash. The carnage of pre thoritarian system collapses, as inevitably it I believe the facts speak for themselves. A cious human life such as this is unacceptable. must. In a word, we will have only ourselves to blame if we find ourselves with no option person who works full time, 40 hours per We, who value life and respect it, must take other than retreat for the use of force, and week, at $3.35 per hour makes only $6,970 a immediate steps to stop this national epidem we will pay the price-as we have-in year, or $4,630 below the poverty level for a ic-this national disgrace-which critically in money, in division that strains the political family of four. For the 2 million workers in this jures and takes the life of innocent citizens fabric of our society, and possibly in lives as position, it becomes difficult, if not impossible, every year. I have joined my colleagues of the well. to keep their heads above water and their Kentucky delegation in signing a letter to There is even a more basic reason for the families clothed and fed. We can no longer President Reagan, urging his support of our relevance of the Endowment today. We live in a state of strategic parity with or main accept these substandard wages to be inflict efforts to declare drunk driving a national rival, the Soviet Union. There may be vio ed on the people who are the most in need; crisis and bring together the resources of all lent conflicts at the margins of the world those who want to help themselves and their levels of Governments to resolve the drunk political system, but the overall balance is families; those who go tirelessly to work every driving epidemic. likely to be preserved. This means that the day just to feed their children; the young The problem of drunk driving is a problem use of force will continue to decrease as an people who are trying to put themselves for us all. I would like to extend my deepest instrument of policy, and competition will through school. sympathies to all of the families of the victims increasingly shift to the realm of politics. This is not a new argument. Sixteen times We must have the capability to engage ef of the bus accident in Kentucky who are suf fectively in this competition. since FDR originally set the Federal minimum fering the tragic loss of life due to drunk driv Ironically, while democracy is the most wage at 25 cents per hour we have heard that ing. broadly accepted and legitimate political raising the wage floor will cause higher unem idea in the world today, we have never done ployment, increased inflation, and will hurt very well at explaining and defending it. In those it is designed to help. History has A TRIBUTE TO MARIE BODACK fact, we have all but abandoned the field of proven these arguments wrong. With one ex political competition to .1ur ideological ception-during the 1974-75 recession-a HON. JOSEPH J. DioGUARDI rivals, who have usurped the banner of de mocracy for their own anti-democratic ends. minimum wage increase has been followed by OF NEW YORK We're now beginning to wake up to this peri".:>ds of increased productivity and employ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES unpleasant reality, but we still have a long ment. In fact, after the 50 percent wage in Wednesday, May 18, 1988 way to go. True, there has been a democrat crease between 1977 and 1981, employment ic revival during this decade, and conditions increased 9 percent. Mr. D10GUARDI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today are still favorable for democratic advance. Perhaps the most alarming fact, however, is to congratulate an outstanding student from But this is no cause for complacency. It was that since 1981, the purchasing power of the Yonkers, NY who has demonstrated her ex only a little more than a decade ago that de minimum wage has fallen 33 percent, making cellence in oratory skills. mocracy was thought to be ~n decline, and it the real wage a mere $2.52 per hour. Original On March 5, 1988, Ms. Marie Bodack, a will not take many setbacks for pessimism junior at the Ursuline School in New Rochelle, to return once again. ly designed to be 50 percent of the average, In the meantime, we should accept the nonfarm wage, it has fallen to below 36 per NY, won the New York State championship of fact that political competition will not dis cent of all workers' hourly earnings, the lowest the 51 st American Legion National High appear, that democracy has dedicated oppo proportion in the 50-year history of the mini School Oratorical Contest for a speech she nents who have hardly given up the fight, mum wage. The income gap between the rich wrote and delivered entitled, "We the and that we must therefore have the where est and poorest one-fifth of all wage earners People," on the Constitution of the United withal to defend and promote our values in is the greatest it has been since FDR enacted States. a world of diverse cultures and competing his monumental legislation. I would like to commend the American political philosophies. Legion for sponsoring this event that allows I believe that the Endowment is potential Anyone opposing the raise in the minimum ly the most effective instrument we have for wage should first try living on it. Surely no one Americans to reflect upon our heritage and advancing our values in the world. It is cost who understands the difficulty and frustration the importance of democracy to this Nation. I effective, activist, engaged. It not only pro of working full time at a level of pay insuffi would also like to congratulate Ms. Bodack vides concrete assistance to democrats on cient to make ends meet would stand in the and wish her the best in the national regional the frontlines of political struggle, but sends way. Mr. Speaker, we must work to ensure contest. I am proud to represent Marie a message of solidarity and democratic com that our workers are paid a fair and equitable Bodack, New York State champion of the na mitment. We are gaining good will even as wage. I ask my colleagues to support the Min tional high school oratorical contest, and take we assist our friends and thereby advance this opportunity to share her speech with my our own interests as well. imum Wage Restoration Act. Mr. Chairman, we have been immensely colleagues: grateful for the support and understanding WE THE PEOPLE which you and the subcommittee have DRUNK DRIVING IS A NATIONAL (By Marie Bodack> CRISIS shown for the Endowment. We hope that as Many of us here can recite verbatim the we continue to progress, you will continue preamble of the Constitution. Those of us to weigh our needs against the enormity of HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI who have not memorized the entire pream the challenge we face and the promise this ble must know that the first three words are new institution offers for serving the finest OF KENTUCKY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "We the people." But how many of us who ideals and highest interests of our country. know this have ever thought about what Wednesday, May 18, 1988 those words really mean and how they are RAISE THE MINIMUM WAGE Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to reflected in the Constitution, especially in express my strong support for House Concur the First Amendment and in today's society. When all 55 delegates from 12 of the 13 HON. ROBERT GARCIA rent Resolution 276 and to urge my col colonies met in Philadelphia in 1787 to OF NEW YORK leagues to sponsor this measure which ex amend the Articles of Confederation, they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES presses the sense of Congress that drunk decided that an entirely new document driving should be declared a national crisis by should be drafted. The end result of the Wednesday, May 18, 1988 the Surgeon General. convention was a document unique in the Mr. GARCIA. Mr. Speaker, as we all know, On May 15, Kentucky and this Nation wit history of our country: The United States the Federal minimum wage has not been nessed one of the worst bus accidents in his Constitution. Its uniqueness can be found in its trust in and reliance on the American raised since 1981 when it was set at $3.35 tory-the senseless slaughter of 27 members people reflected in the 26 amendments per hour. For the 6.7 million people working at of a church group-most of them young teen passed throughout its 200 year history. or below the minimum wage, and another 6 to agers-when the school bus in which they The fact that the original document did 7 million just above it, this amount is no longer were traveling was hit head-on by a driver not contain provisions for the people upset a fair and equitable wage. It is these people under the influence of alcohol. Thirty to forty many including Patrick Henry, one of the 11526 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 18, 1988 staunchest opponents of the Constitution, The First Amendment is what allows us to The darts are about a foot long, with plas who cried, "What right had they (the fram openly protest the acts of the government; tic fins and steel points. They are thrown at ers of the Constitution> to say 'We the what allows students of a St. Louis high targets in a game comparable to horseshoes. people'?" when the people's rights were not school to sue the school because articles on Descending on a normal arc, they strike recognized. Also angered was the author of sex were censored from the school's newspa with a force that one researcher estimates the Virginia declaration of rights, George per: what allowed Steven Engel and three at 23,000 pounds per square inch. Mason, who asked, "Where is the barrier other parents to sue the New York State The mills of government grind slowly, and drawn between the government and the Board of Regents over the issue of a 22- that is generally good. Hut for 18 years rights of citizens?" Nevertheless, the Consti word prayer said daily in public schools; longer than there has been a Consumer tution was amended and the outcries of citi what allowed Donna Todd, a housewife, to Product Safety Commission-there have zens' rights supporters continued to be criticize the IRS for the oath on the bottom been government rules aimed at keeping heard. At the time when the Bill of Rights of tax return forms; and what allows any lawn darts out of the hands, and skulls, of was drawn up, the colonists remembered the one of us to worship our own God 19--059 0-89-36 (Pt. 8) 11528 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 18, 1988 A CONGRESSIONAL SALUTE TO being honored alongside his father, Christo need of help along life's difficult path. His hu CHRISTOPHER REDLICH, SR. pher Redlich, Sr., as the "Good Scout" of the manitarian assistance to people of all race, year, at a dinner given by the Shipping and color, and creed has endeared him to the HON.GLENNM.ANDERSON Transportation Industry and the Boy Scouts of hearts of those touched by his good works. It OF CALIFORNIA America. is with great pleasure that I recognize Rev Chris Junior is the epitome of excellence. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES erend Kalaidjian for his good works and con He graduated from Stanford University in gratulate him on his outstanding achievements Wednesday, May 18, 1988 1972, and began working for Marine Termi in service to God and humanity. Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. Speaker, I rise today nals Corp. as a vessel planner. Exhibiting the to pay tribute to an outstanding man in my same ambition and talent as his father, he district, Mr. Christopher Redlich, Sr. He will be became the president of Marine Terminals PERSONAL EXPLANATION honored on Tuesday, May 24, 1988, at the Corp. of Los Angeles in 1983 and in 1987, Boy Scouts of America and the Shipping and became president of Marine Terminals Corp. HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI Transportation Industry's "Good Scout" Trib In Chris Junior's short career, he has made OF KENTUCKY ute Dinner. I am pleased to have the opportu his way to the board of directors of several IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nity to honor him on this auspicious occasion. corporations, including North Star Stevedor Wednesday, May 18, 1988 Chris Redlich, Sr., has been an active ing, Red Horse Insurance Co., Indies Terminal player in the California business community Co., and Majestic Insurance Co. Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I was unavoid for many years. He joined Marine Terminals In addition to this, Chris Junior is a member ably absent for part of the House proceedings Corp. of Los Angeles upon graduation from of the National Association of Stevedores, the on Thursday, May 12. Had I been present I Stanford University in 1938. After a stint in the past president and chairman of the Los Ange would have voted: U.S. Army, Chris came back to Marine Termi les Steamship Association, a member of the "No" on rollcall No. 129, the Roth amend nals Corp. in San Francisco, and proceeded Navy League, the International Business As ment striking language in H.R. 4471, the mis to march to the top of that company. He sociation, the Foreign Trade Association, the cellaneous international affairs authorization became president of Marine Terminals Corp. National Maritime Safety Association, the bill, which would have authorized the Over (of Los Angeles) in 1952 and president of Young President's Organization, the regional seas Private Investment Corporation to oper Marine Terminals Corp. in 1965. He became director for the General Stevedore Council ate in Hungary; and vice president of North Star Terminal and Ste and the past president of the Boys Club of "Aye" on rollcall No. 130, final passage of vedore Co. and Northern Stevedore and Han Long Beach. H.R. 4471, the miscellaneous international af dling Corp., both Alaskan affiliate companies, I hope that Chris Junior continues to live in fairs authorization bill. in 1951. He is currently chairman of all three the 32d District of California. He is an out of those companies. standing young man, one of talent, ability, and excellent business sense. These qualities, A TRIBUTE TO WHITE PLAINS Chris, Sr., is involved in more than one HIGH SCHOOL aspect of the shipping industry; he is the coupled with a sensitivity for his community president of the Master Contracting Stevedore make him a valuable man to any district. My Association of the Pacific Coast, member of wife, Lee, joins me in extending our congratu HON. JOSEPH J. DioGUARDI lations to Christopher Redlich, Jr., as he re the executive committee and board of direc OF NEW YORK ceives this award. We wish him all the best in tors of the Pacific Maritime Association, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the years to come. member of the board of directors of the Na Wednesday, May 18, 1988 tional Cargo Bureau, Inc., and a member of the Maritime Transportation Research Board A TRIBUTE TO REV. WILLIAM G. Mr. D10GUARDI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today of the National Academy of Sciences. KALAIDJIAN to congratulate White Plains High School, One would not think that Chris has time to honored as a "School of Excellence" by the pursue anything besides his work, but fortu HON. ROBERT GARCIA President of the United States. Chosen as nately for the community, this is not so. Chris one of the 270 schools in the country, White OF NEW YORK Plains High School demonstrated the out is the past president of the San Francisco IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Golf Club and the World Trade Club of San standing characteristics which exemplify a Francisco, and is now on the board of direc Wednesday, May 18, 1988 "school of excellence." tors of the German American Chamber of Mr. GARCIA. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to Recognition for White Plains High School is Commerce, and the Korean/ American Cham recognize Rev. William G. Kalaidjian, a dedi well deserved. White Plains High School has a ber of Commerce. cated member of the Bronx clergy in New diversified student body, but a sense of unity Chris Redlich has been a model leader, York and pastor of the Bedford Park Congre is clearly evident. The administration has cre worker, and public servant for his entire life. gational Church in the Bronx. I do this to coin ated an open-door policy which allows stu He has given his talents, skills, and energies cide with the occasion of a special tribute paid dents to express their feelings and problems. to the shipping industry and the Long Beach to Reverend Kalaidjian by the Rotary Club of This program lets the students be sincere not community. My wife, Lee, joins me in extend the Bronx of which Reverend Kalaidjian is the only to others, but to themselves. ing our warmest congratulations to Christo current president. The quality of the student body at White pher Redlich, Sr., his wife Jeanne, and their Reverend Kalaidjian has committed himself Plains is also reflected in the faculty. The high children, Philipa, Chris, Jr., and Leslie on this to public service in the best sense of the term. standards and unity of the teachers and ad special occasion. We wish them all the best in He has served as the Protestant chaplain in ministrators make the students and the faculty the years to come. the New York City Police Department for 31 work together well. The principal, Dr. Donald years, as president of Prevention of Cruelty to Kusel, has also set up programs which work Children for 25 years, as general secretary of collaboratively with teachers to provide a good A CONGRESSIONAL SALUTE TO the American Association to Aid the Arman basis cm which the students can create and CHRISTOPHER REDLICH, JR. National Sanitarium of Lebanon for 32 years, work. Several of these programs are most im and as Protestant chaplain of the Bronx Veter portant to the times in which we live, particu HON.GLENNM.ANDERSON ans' Administration Medical Center for 12 larly the prevention of alcoholism and drug OF CALIFORNIA years. abuse, teaching the students about the Ameri IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He has been honored by the National Con can form of government and the establish ference of Christians and Jews, and has par ment of a guidance program that helps pre Wednesday, May 18, 1988 ticipated in a list of activities and functions on pare those students for the future. Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. Speaker, I rise today behalf of the people of the Bronx and of New Many organizations comprise the strong to pay tribute to a tremendous young man in York City far too long to detail here. drug prevention program established by the the community that I represent in Congress. Reverend Kalaidjian has helped those school: for example, the PT A and the Princi His name is Christopher Redlich, Jr., and he is people overwhelmed by life's misfortunes, in pal's Advisory Committee. The students also May 18, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11529 have a program called Students Against I applaud the hard work of everyone in Soviet denial of the use of airfields. The at Drunk Drivers [SADD]. SADD offers students volved in the planning and implementation of tempts by Churchill and Roosevelt to have consultation with their peers and helps to pre the Heritage Days Festival and the revitaliza Stalin deal with the London Poles were vent drug use and alcohol consumption. With tion of the city of Trenton. These tremendous futile. The Red Army advances put the the help of this group's efforts, we can wage strides come in ligt:t 0f hard times for urban Lublin Committee in power. a powerful battle in the war against drugs and areas throughout New Jersey and the Nation At the Yalta conference, Stalin yielded to alcoholism in the United States. as a whole. The wide array of ethnic foods Western pressure, agreeing to reorganize the Lublin Committee on a broader basis, to The White Plains High School has a strong served during the festival and the number of include '.'democratic elements living student government and leadership program. representatives from nationalities around the abroad," and to hold "free and unfettered" The Peer Leader Program teaches students world-as well as the name of the festival elections. In keeping with this pledge, 16 how to assist others. Sports and clubs also itself, Heritage Days-are very telling and representatives of the London government contribute to extracurricular involvement. The point to the success of the event and the revi arrived in Poland to negotiate the imple diversity of the student body has allowed the talization. That is, the city of Trenton has ben mentation of the Yalta agreement. They establishment of the Planning Committee, Dis efited by virtue of a broad-based, grassroots were promptly arrested and imprisoned. cipline Committee, Hispanic Liaison Commit effort by all of its citizens, regardless of ethnic The Lublin Committee was now supreme. tee, Academic Eligibility Committee, and inter background. The second incident, which took place in view committees. These are the links between Indeed, Trentonians have reason to be Iran in 1946, was geographically closer to the students and the teachers, which help to proud of their city and their neighbors. My Afghanistan. maintain a pleasant and diligent school envi best wishes are with everyone as they enjoy Reza Pahlevi, the father of the late Shah, ronment. the Heritage Days Festival on June 4 and 5. had sympathies for the Nazis, and as a The school's guidance department is also result, Iran had been occupied by both Rus vital to the school's unity. Counselors advise sian and British troops. A 1941 tripartite students on course selection and encourage THE FUTURE OF AFGHANISTAN agreement
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