11524 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 18, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS STATEMENT OF CARL GERSH­ carried out through our core grantees in In Chile, where the unfolding political MAN ON THE NATIONAL EN­ these fields, the Free Trade Union Institute, process that will result in a plebescite later DOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY the Center for International Private Enter­ this year could bring about the transition to prise, and the National Democratic and the democracy that groups across the democrat­ National Republican Institutes for Interna­ ic political spectrum have been striving to HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO tional Affairs), as well as civic organizations achieve; OF CALIFORNIA of women and youth, public policy insti­ In South Africa, where black and white IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tutes, cooperatives, and a variety of free democrats, undaunted by the new wave of communications media including newspa­ repression, are working together to replace Wednesday, May 18, 1988 pers, journals, books and films. apartheid with a democratic system; Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, as Chair­ Procedurally, in addition to establishing In Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and man of the National Republican Institute for high standards for the careful selection, other countries of Eastern Europe where International Affairs, I take great pride in the monitoring and evaluation of grants, we there has been an extraordinary growth in work of our organization to develop and have adhered to three basic operating prin­ independent democratic action, a process ciples: our grants are open to public scruti­ that is now spreading even to the Soviet strengthen democratic institutions in other ny, our programs are responsive to the Union itself. countries in the world. The work of the Repub­ needs and initiatives of our partners abroad, These are but a few of the countries in lican Institute is strongly supported by the Na­ and our approach is consistent, not veering which we have been active, all of which are tional Endowment for Democracy. Its presi­ to the left or to the right but holding faith­ listed in the annual report that we have dent, Carl Gershman, recently testified before fully to a democratic course. In practice, submitted to the subcommittee. Among the the House Appropriations Subcommittee on this means that we are ready to assist au­ many projects described, there are some Commerce, Justice, State, and Judiciary on thentic democratic initiatives in a wide vari­ that already have had an especially broad the activities of the endowment and the relat­ ety of circumstances: in authoritarian sys­ and significant impact. I would like to call tems where the goal is transition to democ­ the subcommittee's attention to: ed institutes. His statement follows: racy; in developing democracies where the The Institute for Liberty and Democracy STATEMENT OF CARL GERSHMAN, PRESIDENT, goal is the reinforcement of democratic in Peru, where pioneering work with the NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY structures and values; in closed societies vast informal sector of microentrepreneurs I want to thank you, Mr. Chairman, and where the goal is opening the system to in­ has produced a new free-market approach the members of the subcommittee, for dependent activity; and in conflict-ridden to development in the Third World that is giving me the opportunity to testify before countries where the goal is sustaining the beginning to transform development theory you today on behalf of the National Endow­ possibility of democracy when the violence and policy around the world; ment for Democracy. I welcome the chance subsidies. Conciencia in Argentina, a women's civic to respond to your questions, since I am con­ This approach, Mr. Chairman, has been action movement that is spreading to fif­ fident that the more that is known about presided over by a Board of Directors that teen other Latin American Countries and the Endowment's work, the more support reflects the broad diversity and vigorous has been established in the Philippines as there will be for its unique and profoundly pluralism of American society. It has found well; important mission. support in a growing bipartisan majority in Libro Libre in Costa Rica, a movement of From where we stand today, we can look Congress and acceptance here and abroad democratic intellectuals, which has pro­ back upon four years of work-four years of among groups actively working to promote duced a new democratic literature for Cen­ building an institution that has the explicit, democratic ends. The fact that this bold, in­ tral America and which repressents the first unambiguous purpose of advancing democ­ novative and authentically democratic ap­ coherent attempt to promote democratic racy throughout the world. No one, Mr. proach has also been unifying and consensu­ ideas in the region; Chairman, has followed this process more al demonstrates how broad and deep is the The International Coalition for Human closely than your subcommittee, and I hope commitment to democracy in our own coun­ Rights in Cuba, headed by Armando Valla­ you will agree that the progress made by try and indeed throughout the world. dares who just recently led the successful the Endowment has been steady and en­ If we have been successful, Mr. Chairman, fight for the establishment of a United Na­ couraging. it is largely because there exist people tions commission to investigate Cuban This progress-and what I believe will be abroad who are passionately and coura­ human rights violations. the bright and important future of the En­ geously devoted to democracy. For them, de­ The Chinese Intellectual, a journal of in­ dowment-is the result of three fundamen­ mocracy is not something to be taken for dependent opinion circulating in China tal factors. The first is what we have done granted. It is a precious ideal whose value is whose editor has now established a major here to build the Endowment. The second is enhanced by the very precariousness of its intellectual center in Beijing which is work­ that others have done abroad to advance de­ existence in some countries, or by its denial ing to further the process of reform and mocracy. And the third is the very nature of by force in many others. These people, with opening. the world situation in which we find our­ whom the Endowment has established The people who lead these efforts were selves. bonds of solidarity and cooperation, include: among those who spoke at a conference we First, with regard to the Endowment In the Philippines, trade unionists, busi­ organized last year to describe our work. itself: Over the past four years, we have es­ ness leaders, women civic activists and high Their remarks, as well as those of other tablished a durable foundation that is at school students who are struggling to con­ equally remarkable democratic leaders who once conceptually, programmatically and solidate their new democracy under the spoke there, are included in this book, the procedurally sound. Conceptually, our work most difficult conditions; Challenge of Democracy, which I would also has been based upon the view, set forth in In Haiti, democrats who refuse to relin­ like to present to the subcommittee. 1984 in our Statement of Principles and Ob­ quish the political space they have gained Mr. Chairman, the third and final factor jectives, that "the existence of autonomous since the overthrow of Duvalier, and who that accounts for the progress and accept­ economic, political, social and cultural insti­ continue to work for the establishment of ance of the Endowment is the very nature tutions"-in a word, civil society-"is the democracy despite the violence of the past of the world situation in which we find our­ foundation of the democratic process and year; selves. This situation is clearer to us now, the best guarantor of individual rights and In Nicaragua, where the labor, business after the experience of Nicaragua, than it freedoms." and political groups comprising the civic op­ was before. What we have all learned and, I Programmatically, we have acted upon position, along with the editors of La think, can agree upon is that an anti-Com­ this idea by contributing to the develop­ Prensa, the Mother of Political Prisoners, munist dictator (such as Somoza) is not a ment, and in some cases the very survival, of youth activists and many others have re­ bulwark against Communism, nor is the re­ a wide array of free institutions devoted to fused to succumb to fear and repression and moval of such a dictator a guarantee of de­ the values of democracy: trade unions, busi­ may now be in a position to advance their mocracy. If we don't build up the democrat­ ness associations and political parties

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. May 18, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11525 adequate resources-then there will not be a who will be helped most by H.R. 1834, the other passengers were injured, at least eight strong democratic alternative when the au­ Minimum Wage Restoration Act of 1987. seriously, in the crash. The carnage of pre­ thoritarian system collapses, as inevitably it I believe the facts speak for themselves. A cious human life such as this is unacceptable. must. In a word, we will have only ourselves to blame if we find ourselves with no option person who works full time, 40 hours per We, who value life and respect it, must take other than retreat for the use of force, and week, at $3.35 per hour makes only $6,970 a immediate steps to stop this national epidem­ we will pay the price-as we have-in year, or $4,630 below the poverty level for a ic-this national disgrace-which critically in­ money, in division that strains the political family of four. For the 2 million workers in this jures and takes the life of innocent citizens fabric of our society, and possibly in lives as position, it becomes difficult, if not impossible, every year. I have joined my colleagues of the well. to keep their heads above water and their Kentucky delegation in signing a letter to There is even a more basic reason for the families clothed and fed. We can no longer President Reagan, urging his support of our relevance of the Endowment today. We live in a state of strategic parity with or main accept these substandard wages to be inflict­ efforts to declare drunk driving a national rival, the Soviet Union. There may be vio­ ed on the people who are the most in need; crisis and bring together the resources of all lent conflicts at the margins of the world those who want to help themselves and their levels of Governments to resolve the drunk political system, but the overall balance is families; those who go tirelessly to work every driving epidemic. likely to be preserved. This means that the day just to feed their children; the young The problem of drunk driving is a problem use of force will continue to decrease as an people who are trying to put themselves for us all. I would like to extend my deepest instrument of policy, and competition will through school. sympathies to all of the families of the victims increasingly shift to the realm of politics. This is not a new argument. Sixteen times We must have the capability to engage ef­ of the bus accident in Kentucky who are suf­ fectively in this competition. since FDR originally set the Federal minimum fering the tragic loss of life due to drunk driv­ Ironically, while democracy is the most wage at 25 cents per hour we have heard that ing. broadly accepted and legitimate political raising the wage floor will cause higher unem­ idea in the world today, we have never done ployment, increased inflation, and will hurt very well at explaining and defending it. In those it is designed to help. History has A TRIBUTE TO MARIE BODACK fact, we have all but abandoned the field of proven these arguments wrong. With one ex­ political competition to .1ur ideological ception-during the 1974-75 recession-a HON. JOSEPH J. DioGUARDI rivals, who have usurped the banner of de­ mocracy for their own anti-democratic ends. minimum wage increase has been followed by OF NEW YORK We're now beginning to wake up to this peri".:>ds of increased productivity and employ­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES unpleasant reality, but we still have a long ment. In fact, after the 50 percent wage in­ Wednesday, May 18, 1988 way to go. True, there has been a democrat­ crease between 1977 and 1981, employment ic revival during this decade, and conditions increased 9 percent. Mr. D10GUARDI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today are still favorable for democratic advance. Perhaps the most alarming fact, however, is to congratulate an outstanding student from But this is no cause for complacency. It was that since 1981, the purchasing power of the Yonkers, NY who has demonstrated her ex­ only a little more than a decade ago that de­ minimum wage has fallen 33 percent, making cellence in oratory skills. mocracy was thought to be ~n decline, and it the real wage a mere $2.52 per hour. Original­ On March 5, 1988, Ms. Marie Bodack, a will not take many setbacks for pessimism junior at the Ursuline School in New Rochelle, to return once again. ly designed to be 50 percent of the average, In the meantime, we should accept the nonfarm wage, it has fallen to below 36 per­ NY, won the New York State championship of fact that political competition will not dis­ cent of all workers' hourly earnings, the lowest the 51 st American Legion National High appear, that democracy has dedicated oppo­ proportion in the 50-year history of the mini­ School Oratorical Contest for a speech she nents who have hardly given up the fight, mum wage. The income gap between the rich­ wrote and delivered entitled, "We the and that we must therefore have the where­ est and poorest one-fifth of all wage earners People," on the Constitution of the United withal to defend and promote our values in is the greatest it has been since FDR enacted States. a world of diverse cultures and competing his monumental legislation. I would like to commend the American political philosophies. Legion for sponsoring this event that allows I believe that the Endowment is potential­ Anyone opposing the raise in the minimum ly the most effective instrument we have for wage should first try living on it. Surely no one Americans to reflect upon our heritage and advancing our values in the world. It is cost­ who understands the difficulty and frustration the importance of democracy to this Nation. I effective, activist, engaged. It not only pro­ of working full time at a level of pay insuffi­ would also like to congratulate Ms. Bodack vides concrete assistance to democrats on cient to make ends meet would stand in the and wish her the best in the national regional the frontlines of political struggle, but sends way. Mr. Speaker, we must work to ensure contest. I am proud to represent Marie a message of solidarity and democratic com­ that our workers are paid a fair and equitable Bodack, New York State champion of the na­ mitment. We are gaining good will even as wage. I ask my colleagues to support the Min­ tional high school oratorical contest, and take we assist our friends and thereby advance this opportunity to share her speech with my our own interests as well. imum Wage Restoration Act. Mr. Chairman, we have been immensely colleagues: grateful for the support and understanding WE THE PEOPLE which you and the subcommittee have DRUNK DRIVING IS A NATIONAL (By Marie Bodack> CRISIS shown for the Endowment. We hope that as Many of us here can recite verbatim the we continue to progress, you will continue preamble of the Constitution. Those of us to weigh our needs against the enormity of HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI who have not memorized the entire pream­ the challenge we face and the promise this ble must know that the first three words are new institution offers for serving the finest OF KENTUCKY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "We the people." But how many of us who ideals and highest interests of our country. know this have ever thought about what Wednesday, May 18, 1988 those words really mean and how they are RAISE THE MINIMUM WAGE Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to reflected in the Constitution, especially in express my strong support for House Concur­ the First Amendment and in today's society. When all 55 delegates from 12 of the 13 HON. ROBERT GARCIA rent Resolution 276 and to urge my col­ colonies met in Philadelphia in 1787 to OF NEW YORK leagues to sponsor this measure which ex­ amend the Articles of Confederation, they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES presses the sense of Congress that drunk decided that an entirely new document driving should be declared a national crisis by should be drafted. The end result of the Wednesday, May 18, 1988 the Surgeon General. convention was a document unique in the Mr. GARCIA. Mr. Speaker, as we all know, On May 15, Kentucky and this Nation wit­ history of our country: The the Federal minimum wage has not been nessed one of the worst bus accidents in his­ Constitution. Its uniqueness can be found in its trust in and reliance on the American raised since 1981 when it was set at $3.35 tory-the senseless slaughter of 27 members people reflected in the 26 amendments per hour. For the 6.7 million people working at of a church group-most of them young teen­ passed throughout its 200 year history. or below the minimum wage, and another 6 to agers-when the school bus in which they The fact that the original document did 7 million just above it, this amount is no longer were traveling was hit head-on by a driver not contain provisions for the people upset a fair and equitable wage. It is these people under the influence of alcohol. Thirty to forty many including Patrick Henry, one of the 11526 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 18, 1988 staunchest opponents of the Constitution, The First Amendment is what allows us to The darts are about a foot long, with plas­ who cried, "What right had they (the fram­ openly protest the acts of the government; tic fins and steel points. They are thrown at ers of the Constitution> to say 'We the what allows students of a St. Louis high targets in a game comparable to horseshoes. people'?" when the people's rights were not school to sue the school because articles on Descending on a normal arc, they strike recognized. Also angered was the author of sex were censored from the school's newspa­ with a force that one researcher estimates the Virginia declaration of rights, George per: what allowed Steven Engel and three at 23,000 pounds per square inch. Mason, who asked, "Where is the barrier other parents to sue the New York State The mills of government grind slowly, and drawn between the government and the Board of Regents over the issue of a 22- that is generally good. Hut for 18 years­ rights of citizens?" Nevertheless, the Consti­ word prayer said daily in public schools; longer than there has been a Consumer tution was amended and the outcries of citi­ what allowed Donna Todd, a housewife, to Product Safety Commission-there have zens' rights supporters continued to be criticize the IRS for the oath on the bottom been government rules aimed at keeping heard. At the time when the Bill of Rights of tax return forms; and what allows any lawn darts out of the hands, and skulls, of was drawn up, the colonists remembered the one of us to worship our own God questions were raised, lots of alternatives to darts for lawn recrea­ not police the path of life." tion. And neither bikes nor bats are inher­ such as "Is there a limit to freedom of As Will points out, there are times when the speech and what about the right of the ently dangerous in the hands of children. Jews?" In the end, supported by the ACLU, CPSC must "act decisively about a proven Furthermore, even people who say, rea­ the Nazis were allowed to hold peaceful ral­ hazard." He concludes that the CPSC should sonably, that the CPSC should weigh the lies; however, those questions were never ban lawn darts. Will's column follows: economic impact of a regulation of a par­ fully answered. [From the Washington Post, May 8, 1988] ticular product against potential risks to Clearly there are limits to the First consumers cannot make an economic argu­ LAWN DARTS AND THE LIMITS OF LAISSEZ ment against banning lawn darts. They are Amendment. Even the Court has recognized FAIRE-THEY'RE DANGEROUS TO Krns-So that. In the Case of Chaplinsky v. New a tiny part of the recreation industry. Do SOMETHING In today's argument within the CPSC, two Hampshire <1942) Justice Murphy argued that "there are certain well-defined and nar­ commissioners who tend toward hard-shell rowly limited classes of speech, the preven­ A 6-year-old girl recalls hearing a laissez-faire conservatism want the CPSC tion and punishment of which have never "scrunch"-children have a flair for ono­ merely to write safety standards for dart been thought to raise any constitutional matopoeia-when she pulled the lawn dart manufacturers to comply with. Commission­ problem. These include the lewd and ob­ from her skull. She survived the fracture er Graham, herself a Reagan conservative, scene, the profane, the libelous, and the in­ and hemorrhaging, as did the boy who, wants to ban darts and then hear appeals sulting or "fighting" words-those which by when a dart lodged in a tree, shook the tree from any manufacturer who thinks he has their utterance inflict injury or tend to and soon heard what a medical study of devised a safe version. incite an immediate breach of the peace." lawn-dart injuries calls "the all too familiar Regarding the CPSC's reluctance to act Justice Holmes beautifully illustrated this scrunch." decisively about a proven hazard, Graham point 25 years earlier when he wrote: the Michelle Snow of Riverside, Calif., did not says, somewhat cryptically: "This is catsup­ most stringent protection of free speech survive. She collapsed in her father's arms as-a-vegetable. We don't need this." would not protect a man in falsely shouting and died three days later. The cold fire her Her catsup reference is to a tempest early "fire" in a theater and causing a panic. The death kindled in her father is fueling one of in Reagan's presidency. Some of his more words to any legal document mean nothing those small controversies within which large zealous and less, shall we say, politically at­ if they are not carried out. The same holds issues lurk. tuned aides proposed as part of their pro­ true for the words of the Constitution, spe­ The success of Mothers Against Drunk gram for putting government on a diet, that cifically the First Amendment-part of the Driving proves that there is no power like catsup be counted as a vegetable in school Supreme law of the land. However, as we that of parents assuaging grief. David Snow lunches. Her reference to "we" is to conserv­ see the First Amendment is actively upheld has not yet succeeded in his crusade to get atives. in our society today and is kept alive by the the government to ban lawn darts. But bet The point is that conservatives should people! on him. avoid confirming the caricature-when it is May 18, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11527 a caricature-of them as logic-choppers who The first bill for which he won enact­ and one that he has echoed on several other are happiest when the government is gnaw­ ment-in 1947-extended benefits for World occasions when I have met with him. ing on its own ankle, and who can always War II veterans. In 1972 he secured passage Relatively safe in San Jose, discussing gin up reasons why government should not of a bill providing college scholarshi.ps for theory and hopes, Mr. Arias has been a police the path of life. Graham understands children of POW's and MIA's. staunch defender of democracy and free­ that such behavior by conservatives can He helped create the state Fair Employ­ dom. And he has insisted all along that the make the electorate want to-speaking ono­ ment Practices Commission, the Depart­ so-called Arias Peace Plan, for which he matopoeically-smush them. ment of Children and Family Services, State won his Nobel Prize, is actually a peace and Board of Economic Development and De­ democracy plan, one that calls simulta­ partment of Aging. neously for moves toward peace and the in­ Over the years, he was chief sponsor or stitution of democracy inside Nicaragua. By co-sponsor of most of the legislation affect­ democracy, he has said, he means the whole RECOGNITION OF HONOR BE­ ing the growth and operation of Southern STOWED ON CLYDE L. CHOATE ball of wax: a free press, justice, free elec­ Illinois University at Carbondale. tions-the essential accoutrements of a free In January 1977 he resigned from State people. HON.KENNETHJ.GRAY Legislature to become director of External What has happened? Just in the past 60 Affairs at SIUC, a position he still holds. OF ILLINOIS Mr. Choate lives in Anna with his wife, days: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the former Madonna Ross of Carbondale. La Prensa, Nicaragua's opposition newspa­ They have two daughters. per, has been censored, threatened, and has Wednesday, May 18, 1988 Mr. Speaker we salute our Clyde Choate. twice been closed. Mr. GRAY of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, in March, Mobs of government-sponsored hooligans a great event occurred on the campus of have taunted, harassed and beaten citizens, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, IL. including repeated assaults on the elderly My friend of more than 40 years, Clyde L. ARIAS SHOULD EARN NOBEL BY and desperate women whose sons are held CALLING ORTEGA TO ACCOUNT captive in Sandinista prisons. Choate, a former leader in the Illinois State The Ministry of Justice has been closed General Assembly, was singly honored by the and its functions turned over to the head of university and the U.S. Army in chartering the HON. JACK F. KEMP the state police. U.S. Army ROTC unit as the "Clyde L. Choate OF NEW YORK Peaceful demonstrations have been forc­ Company." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ibly disrupted by the government. Mr. Speaker, my friend, Lucien B. Johnson Wednesday, May 18, 1988 Independent radio stations have been of Salem, IL, who is a civilian aide to the Sec­ closed down for opposition to the govern­ retary of the Army, was the principal speaker Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, Congressman ment line. at the ceremony. The event was attended by MICKEY EDWARDS has been a forceful leader Journalists have been beaten. State and Federal officials who joined Clyde's in the House on the issue of Nicaragua and Labor leaders and leaders of the internal family and friends in acknowledging this de­ our support for the Nicaraguan Democratic democratic opposition have been arrested served honor. Resistance. His Wall Street Journal article en­ and tossed in jail. Mr. Speaker, I could fill up a CONGRESSION­ titled "Arias Should Earn Nobel by Calling Mr. Arias has said nothing. AL RECORD regarding Clyde L. Choate, who Ortega to Account" highlights a disturbing si­ There are plenty of things to be upset about here in Congress, including the fact holds our Nation's highest military honor, the lence by the man who was the chief architect of the peace plan in Central America. that the food supplies voted to send to the Congressional Medal of Honor. Under the Contras have not been delivered, and mem­ special permission granted me, I am enclosing I commend my colleague for writing this arti­ cle and join with him in the call to urge Oscar bers of House Speaker Jim Wright's staff a history of my friend, Clyde L. Choate, who have intervened with the delivery agent­ has served the public in the military, elected Arias and all those who have spoken out for peace in Nicaragua to be just as forceful in the Agency for International Develop­ for 30 years to the State's general assembly, ment-in an attempt to stop the food ship­ and now serves Southern Illinois University as their d£nunciation of brutality by the Sandinis­ ments. the director of external affairs. tas. For Oscar Arias to be silent during this re­ But that is a matter between ourselves newed period of Sandinista abuses shows a and the speaker of our House. Mr. Arias is MR. CLYDE L. CHOATE lack of compassion for those suffering under Clyde L. Choate was born June 28, 1922 in another. the heavy-handed rule of Daniel Ortega. To a large extent, it was Mr. Arias and his West Frankfort, the son of a coal miner. I would like to call my colleagues' attention After his graduation from Anna-Jonesboro well-promoted peace plan that persuaded High School, he enlisted in the Army as a to the following article: many in Congress to vote to cut off further private and served 31 months in the Europe­ ARIAS SHOULD EARN NOBEL BY CALLING assistance to the Contras. That forced the an Theater of Operations during World War ORTEGA TO ACCOUNT Contras to sit down at the bargaining table II. Let me be blunt. with no cards to play and has given Sandi­ Rising to sergeant, he took part in the in­ Oscar Arias has already won his Nobel nista President Daniel Ortega the courage vasion of North Africa, Sicily, Italy, France Prize. He has taken the money, taken the to do such things as threatening the Con­ and Germany. He was cited for bravery in medal and taken the bows. tras with a massive military offensive if action on the Anzio beachhead and twice on Now he should earn it. The Nobel Prize is they do not sign the agreement he proposes. battlefields in France, where he turned a prize for men and women of courage. The kicker is, of course, that the Con­ down a battlefield commission. Gandhi opposed the oppression of the Brit­ tras-with no food and ammunition-are Wounded in action, he was awarded the ish, took great risks and eventually was weaker than ever before, and the Sandinis­ Purple Heart. He also holds the French murdered. Mother Teresa exposes herself tas-enjoying a rest from battle and sup­ Fourragere, U.S. Bronze and Silver Stars, a daily to terrible disease. Bishop Tutu speaks ported by new shipments of Soviet aid-are Presidential citation and the nation's high­ out forcefully in a land often filled with now stronger than ever. Yet even this-Mr. est military award-the Congressional hate. Ortega's belligerent military threat­ Medal of Honor. Oscar Arias, safe behind the borders of prompted no response from Mr. Arias. After the war, Mr. Choate was elected to Costa Rica, wearing expensive clothes and It is time to call the Sandinistas to ac­ the Illinois General Assembly in 1946 and living well, holds his tongue as the Nicara­ was returned to office 15 consecutive times, guan government taunts him, and us. count. It is time to speak out in opposition serving a little over 30 years as State Repre­ Mr. Arias is capable to sounding impas­ to continued human-rights abuses in Nicara­ sentative. sioned in the cause of freedom. As the com­ gua. He was minority whip four times, majority mencement speaker at the National Univer­ Mr. Arias talks a good game. He speaks of whip twice, and majority and minority sity in San Jose two years ago, I took the democracy and freedom and peace and won­ leader one term each. platform following a passionate address by derful things like that. But if he aspires Mr. Choate was chief sponsor of 319 Mr. Arias, who had just denounced to his truly to join the ranks of Gandhi, Mother bills-almost half of which were enacted countrymen the evils of the Nicaraguan gov­ Teresa, and Desmond Tutu, then he must into law-and co-sponsor of some 2,500 ernment. It was a theme he repeated to me do more than talk. He must show some other measures: as we sat side by side later in the program, courage as well.

19--059 0-89-36 (Pt. 8) 11528 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 18, 1988 A CONGRESSIONAL SALUTE TO being honored alongside his father, Christo­ need of help along life's difficult path. His hu­ CHRISTOPHER REDLICH, SR. pher Redlich, Sr., as the "Good Scout" of the manitarian assistance to people of all race, year, at a dinner given by the Shipping and color, and creed has endeared him to the HON.GLENNM.ANDERSON Transportation Industry and the Boy Scouts of hearts of those touched by his good works. It OF CALIFORNIA America. is with great pleasure that I recognize Rev­ Chris Junior is the epitome of excellence. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES erend Kalaidjian for his good works and con­ He graduated from Stanford University in gratulate him on his outstanding achievements Wednesday, May 18, 1988 1972, and began working for Marine Termi­ in service to God and humanity. Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. Speaker, I rise today nals Corp. as a vessel planner. Exhibiting the to pay tribute to an outstanding man in my same ambition and talent as his father, he district, Mr. Christopher Redlich, Sr. He will be became the president of Marine Terminals PERSONAL EXPLANATION honored on Tuesday, May 24, 1988, at the Corp. of Los Angeles in 1983 and in 1987, Boy Scouts of America and the Shipping and became president of Marine Terminals Corp. HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI Transportation Industry's "Good Scout" Trib­ In Chris Junior's short career, he has made OF KENTUCKY ute Dinner. I am pleased to have the opportu­ his way to the board of directors of several IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nity to honor him on this auspicious occasion. corporations, including North Star Stevedor­ Wednesday, May 18, 1988 Chris Redlich, Sr., has been an active ing, Red Horse Insurance Co., Indies Terminal player in the California business community Co., and Majestic Insurance Co. Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I was unavoid­ for many years. He joined Marine Terminals In addition to this, Chris Junior is a member ably absent for part of the House proceedings Corp. of Los Angeles upon graduation from of the National Association of Stevedores, the on Thursday, May 12. Had I been present I Stanford University in 1938. After a stint in the past president and chairman of the Los Ange­ would have voted: U.S. Army, Chris came back to Marine Termi­ les Steamship Association, a member of the "No" on rollcall No. 129, the Roth amend­ nals Corp. in San Francisco, and proceeded Navy League, the International Business As­ ment striking language in H.R. 4471, the mis­ to march to the top of that company. He sociation, the Foreign Trade Association, the cellaneous international affairs authorization became president of Marine Terminals Corp. National Maritime Safety Association, the bill, which would have authorized the Over­ (of Los Angeles) in 1952 and president of Young President's Organization, the regional seas Private Investment Corporation to oper­ Marine Terminals Corp. in 1965. He became director for the General Stevedore Council ate in Hungary; and vice president of North Star Terminal and Ste­ and the past president of the Boys Club of "Aye" on rollcall No. 130, final passage of vedore Co. and Northern Stevedore and Han­ Long Beach. H.R. 4471, the miscellaneous international af­ dling Corp., both Alaskan affiliate companies, I hope that Chris Junior continues to live in fairs authorization bill. in 1951. He is currently chairman of all three the 32d District of California. He is an out­ of those companies. standing young man, one of talent, ability, and excellent business sense. These qualities, A TRIBUTE TO WHITE PLAINS Chris, Sr., is involved in more than one HIGH SCHOOL aspect of the shipping industry; he is the coupled with a sensitivity for his community president of the Master Contracting Stevedore make him a valuable man to any district. My Association of the Pacific Coast, member of wife, Lee, joins me in extending our congratu­ HON. JOSEPH J. DioGUARDI lations to Christopher Redlich, Jr., as he re­ the executive committee and board of direc­ OF NEW YORK ceives this award. We wish him all the best in tors of the Pacific Maritime Association, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the years to come. member of the board of directors of the Na­ Wednesday, May 18, 1988 tional Cargo Bureau, Inc., and a member of the Maritime Transportation Research Board A TRIBUTE TO REV. WILLIAM G. Mr. D10GUARDI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today of the National Academy of Sciences. KALAIDJIAN to congratulate White Plains High School, One would not think that Chris has time to honored as a "School of Excellence" by the pursue anything besides his work, but fortu­ HON. ROBERT GARCIA President of the United States. Chosen as nately for the community, this is not so. Chris one of the 270 schools in the country, White OF NEW YORK Plains High School demonstrated the out­ is the past president of the San Francisco IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Golf Club and the World Trade Club of San standing characteristics which exemplify a Francisco, and is now on the board of direc­ Wednesday, May 18, 1988 "school of excellence." tors of the German American Chamber of Mr. GARCIA. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to Recognition for White Plains High School is Commerce, and the Korean/ American Cham­ recognize Rev. William G. Kalaidjian, a dedi­ well deserved. White Plains High School has a ber of Commerce. cated member of the Bronx clergy in New diversified student body, but a sense of unity Chris Redlich has been a model leader, York and pastor of the Bedford Park Congre­ is clearly evident. The administration has cre­ worker, and public servant for his entire life. gational Church in the Bronx. I do this to coin­ ated an open-door policy which allows stu­ He has given his talents, skills, and energies cide with the occasion of a special tribute paid dents to express their feelings and problems. to the shipping industry and the Long Beach to Reverend Kalaidjian by the Rotary Club of This program lets the students be sincere not community. My wife, Lee, joins me in extend­ the Bronx of which Reverend Kalaidjian is the only to others, but to themselves. ing our warmest congratulations to Christo­ current president. The quality of the student body at White pher Redlich, Sr., his wife Jeanne, and their Reverend Kalaidjian has committed himself Plains is also reflected in the faculty. The high children, Philipa, Chris, Jr., and Leslie on this to public service in the best sense of the term. standards and unity of the teachers and ad­ special occasion. We wish them all the best in He has served as the Protestant chaplain in ministrators make the students and the faculty the years to come. the New York City Police Department for 31 work together well. The principal, Dr. Donald years, as president of Prevention of Cruelty to Kusel, has also set up programs which work Children for 25 years, as general secretary of collaboratively with teachers to provide a good A CONGRESSIONAL SALUTE TO the American Association to Aid the Arman basis cm which the students can create and CHRISTOPHER REDLICH, JR. National Sanitarium of Lebanon for 32 years, work. Several of these programs are most im­ and as Protestant chaplain of the Bronx Veter­ portant to the times in which we live, particu­ HON.GLENNM.ANDERSON ans' Administration Medical Center for 12 larly the prevention of alcoholism and drug OF CALIFORNIA years. abuse, teaching the students about the Ameri­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He has been honored by the National Con­ can form of government and the establish­ ference of Christians and Jews, and has par­ ment of a guidance program that helps pre­ Wednesday, May 18, 1988 ticipated in a list of activities and functions on pare those students for the future. Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. Speaker, I rise today behalf of the people of the Bronx and of New Many organizations comprise the strong to pay tribute to a tremendous young man in York City far too long to detail here. drug prevention program established by the the community that I represent in Congress. Reverend Kalaidjian has helped those school: for example, the PT A and the Princi­ His name is Christopher Redlich, Jr., and he is people overwhelmed by life's misfortunes, in pal's Advisory Committee. The students also May 18, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11529 have a program called Students Against I applaud the hard work of everyone in­ Soviet denial of the use of airfields. The at­ Drunk Drivers [SADD]. SADD offers students volved in the planning and implementation of tempts by Churchill and Roosevelt to have consultation with their peers and helps to pre­ the Heritage Days Festival and the revitaliza­ Stalin deal with the London Poles were vent drug use and alcohol consumption. With tion of the city of Trenton. These tremendous futile. The Red Army advances put the the help of this group's efforts, we can wage strides come in ligt:t 0f hard times for urban Lublin Committee in power. a powerful battle in the war against drugs and areas throughout New Jersey and the Nation At the Yalta conference, Stalin yielded to alcoholism in the United States. as a whole. The wide array of ethnic foods Western pressure, agreeing to reorganize the Lublin Committee on a broader basis, to The White Plains High School has a strong served during the festival and the number of include '.'democratic elements living student government and leadership program. representatives from nationalities around the abroad," and to hold "free and unfettered" The Peer Leader Program teaches students world-as well as the name of the festival elections. In keeping with this pledge, 16 how to assist others. Sports and clubs also itself, Heritage Days-are very telling and representatives of the London government contribute to extracurricular involvement. The point to the success of the event and the revi­ arrived in Poland to negotiate the imple­ diversity of the student body has allowed the talization. That is, the city of Trenton has ben­ mentation of the Yalta agreement. They establishment of the Planning Committee, Dis­ efited by virtue of a broad-based, grassroots were promptly arrested and imprisoned. cipline Committee, Hispanic Liaison Commit­ effort by all of its citizens, regardless of ethnic The Lublin Committee was now supreme. tee, Academic Eligibility Committee, and inter­ background. The second incident, which took place in view committees. These are the links between Indeed, Trentonians have reason to be Iran in 1946, was geographically closer to the students and the teachers, which help to proud of their city and their neighbors. My Afghanistan. maintain a pleasant and diligent school envi­ best wishes are with everyone as they enjoy Reza Pahlevi, the father of the late Shah, ronment. the Heritage Days Festival on June 4 and 5. had sympathies for the Nazis, and as a The school's guidance department is also result, Iran had been occupied by both Rus­ vital to the school's unity. Counselors advise sian and British troops. A 1941 tripartite students on course selection and encourage THE FUTURE OF AFGHANISTAN agreement community. Millions of dollars in new con­ government. at the Yalta conference: "The Soviet Union struction projects have either been completed Efforts by the West to fly assistance to will never agree to the right of small na­ or are well underway. the Warsaw fighters were thwarted by the tions to judge the acts of great powers." 11530 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 18, 1988 COMMENDING THE PRIME MIN­ COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSE TO that we may discover what improvements or ISTERS OF TURKEY AND DROUGHT additions are necessary. GREECE FOR THEIR STATES­ The bill also includes a new provision that MANSHIP IN INITIATING HON. TONY COELHO would authorize the Interior Secretary to sell THEIR CURRENT DIALOG unallocated water from Bureau of Reclamation OF CALIFORNIA projects to mitigate losses and damages re­ HON. MICHAEL BILIRAKIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sulting from the current water supply crisis. OF FLORIDA Wednesday, May 18, 1988 Under this provision, the Secretary would be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES authorized to provide short-term, emergency Mr. COELHO. Mr. Speaker, for the second supplies of water to irrigation districts without Wednesday, May 18, 1988 consecutive year California and the rest of the subjecting them to the long-term ownership Mr. BILIRAKIS. Mr. Speaker, I and many of Western States are facing a critical water restrictions of the Reclamation Reform Act of my colleagues have, for years, worked to en­ supply situation. Precipitation, snowpack and 1982. Irrigation districts would be required to courage a fair and appropriate solution to the streamflow are all far below normal. Conse­ buy the water at a price sufficient to recover serious situation which currently exists on the quently, communities throughout the West all Federal operations and maintenance costs, island Republic of Cyprus. Unfortunately, have been forced to impose restrictions on and the Secretary's authority to make emer­ years, of well-intentioned attempts, by the water use, and farmers and ranchers in some gency water sales under this provision would Members of the U.S. Congress, by the Secre­ parts of my congressional district will soon expire at the end of 1988. tary-General of the United Nations and so face the prospect of seeing their livelihoods Mr. Speaker, I want to emphasize that the forth, have, to date, failed to resolve the prob­ literally dry up and disappear. legislation I am introducing today is just a lems that the citizens of this partitioned nation Fortunately, however, it appears that there starting point. I welcome any suggestions for are experiencing. may be enough water stored in Federal and changes or additions to the bill, and I look for­ Not only have we not seen any success, State reservoirs to meet at least the basic ward to working on this legislation with my Mr. Speaker, but, worse still, the past 14 years needs of Western irrigated agriculture this colleagues on the House Interior Committee. have borne witness to a doubling of Turkish year. But if rainfall and snowfall are again In addition, I am eager to hear the views and troops on Cyprus, an alarming influx of set­ below normal this coming winter, those reser­ recommendations of the Bureau of Reclama­ tlers from mainland Turkey, as well as a voirs will be empty next spring and we will be tion and other Federal agencies. I am pleased number of other "violations" against interna­ faced with a genuine disaster. that House Interior's Subcommittee on Water tional law and pertinent U.N. resolutions. Of course, Congress cannot make it rain. and Power Resources has scheduled an over­ Hard as it may be to believe, however, But there are steps Congress and the Federal sight hearing on the drought for May 24, and there may be another chance at a break­ agencies can take in help alleviate the hard­ anticipate a thorough discussion of my bill at through in this most unfortunate stalemate. ships and economic disruption caused by that time. Last February, Mr. Speaker, the citizens of severe water shortages. During the 1976-77 Cyprus elected a new President, George Vas­ drought, for example, Congress gave the Inte­ siliou, who has already demonstrated his sin­ rior Department's Bureau of Reclamation tem­ A TRIBUTE TO WHITE PLAINS cere commitment to promoting a just and eq­ porary authority to perform studies and under­ MIDDLE SCHOOL uitable settlement of the 14-year-old stale­ take construction, conservation and manage­ mate. Specifically, President Vassiliou has fo­ ment activities aimed at mitigating drought HON. JOSEPH J. DioGUARDI cused his efforts on a proposal for total de­ damages. The Department also was given OF NEW YORK militarization of the Republic-implying the temporary authority to facilitate the sales of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES withdrawal of not only Turkey's 35,000 strong water between willing sellers and buyers, and occupational army but also of the more than to expedite studies of potential new facilities Wednesday, May 18, 1988 60,000 settlers from mainland Turkey. that could lessen the effects of future Mr. D10GUARDI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today In exchange, despite the security risks in­ droughts. to congratulate the White Plains Middle volved, Cyprus is willing to dismantle its own While the 1977 drought emergency legisla­ School, one of the institutions honored as a defenses and dissolve its national guard, Mr. tion was of some help, it was enacted too late "School of Excellence" by the President of Speaker, as part of the comprehensive pro­ to be truly effective. In a 1979 report on the the United States. Chosen as one of the 270 gram. President Vassiliou's proposal envi­ Federal response to the drought, the General schools nationwide, White Plains Middle sions, instead, the creation of an international Accounting Office recommended that Con­ School demonstrated the outstanding charac­ peace force in Cyprus under the auspices of gress pass permanent "standby" legislation teristics which exemplify a "School of Excel­ the United Nations to strengthen the sense of that would give Federal agencies the authori­ lence." security of Cyprus and the establishment of ties they would need to respond to future I am especially proud of this school's ac­ effective international guarantees to protect water emergencies quickly. complishment because it demonstrates to the Cyprus from future threats to its sovereignty. Congress has never acted on the GAO's students of that school that no goal is too I, for one, Mr. Speaker, would like to com­ recommendation. I believe that it's time we great for those who are willing to work to mend President Vassiliou for his initiative. The did. The last 2 dry years have been a vivid re­ better themselves. By committing themselves positive results of such a demilitarization pro­ minder that another severe drought is inevita­ to excellence, the students, faculty, and par­ gram cannot be underestimated. Demilitariza­ ble. If it doesn't come next year it will come ents of the White Plains Middle School have tion would not only enable the two Cypriot sometime, and we would be · foolish to wait achieved excellence, and deserve our praise. communities to overcome artificial barriers im­ until disaster is upon us before deciding how In particular, I am impressed by the attention posed by outside forces and work together to to respond. the school pays to teaching its students the eliminate their outstanding differences, but the We should act now, this year, to ensure that lessons necessary to be tomorrow's leaders. withdrawal of Turkish and Greek troops from the Bureau of Reclamation and other Federal Too often, that role in our schools is over­ Cyprus will eliminate the most likely scenario agencies have the ability to react promptly looked. for conflict between these two NA TO allies. and effectively to the next drought. Therefore, American history and government, from the Mr. Speaker, we, in Congress, have a re­ I am today introducing legislation that I hope New World beginnings to the present day, are sponsibility to use our influence to encourage will serve to focus attention on the need to taught to all students in social studies classes. the adoption of this unprecedented, far-reach­ develop a comprehensive Federal drought re­ Emphasis is put on today's government and ing, and constructive initiative. After all, there sponse plan. the role of America in the 20th century. White is good reason for hope and optimism in light Because preparing for the future requires Plains Middle School also holds mock elec­ of the unprecedented current dialog between examining the lessons of the past, my bill is tions to demonstrate events happening in our tile Prime Ministers of Turkey and Greece. based largely on the provisions of the 1977 Nation today and how these events will affect Let's do all we can, Mr. Speaker, to encour­ drought emergency act. It is my intention to today's student's tomorrow. age the spirit of reconciliation currently be­ stimulate discussion on the effectiveness of White Plains Middle School also provides tween Greece and Turkey in Cyprus, too. those previous drought relief efforts and so instruction for its students about self-govern- May 18, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11531 ment through its student organization. The caskets were placed in a public room off the A TRIBUTE TO BETHANY EVAN­ students can express their feelings, concerns town square. Then in a simple ceremony on GELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH and ideas to the student organization, thus October 24, 1921, twice-wounded Army Sgt. IN AKRON, OH Edward Younger of Chicago, Illinois, chosen having a working model on how governments for the bravery that had won him decora­ operate in our country and in others. tions, set about his lonely task of making HON. TOM SAWYER All of us in the 20th district are proud that the final selection. While a French military one of our neighbors is one of the top schools band outside softly played Chopin's "Funer­ OF in the Nation. The future of America lies in our al March," Sergeant Younger, carrying a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES children. With great schools like these, I am spray of white roses, entered the dimly lit confident that America will successfully meet room and approached the four plain coffins. Wednesday, May 18, 1988 the challenges of the future. He slowly circled the row three times, then Mr. SAWYER. Mr. Speaker, Bethany Evan­ gently laid the spray on the third casket from the left, stiffened to attention and sa­ gelical Lutheran Church in Akron, OH, will cel­ IN MEMORY luted. ebrate its 1OOth anniversary on Tuesday, May Why did he choose that one? 24, 1988. I would like to pay tribute to this HON. G.V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY "I don't really know," he is said to have church and its congregation on this very spe­ answered, "but something drew me to it." cial occasion; I'd also like to share with my OF MISSISSIPPI "I passed the first one, and then the colleagues the history of this church which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES second. Then something made me stop. And has played such an important role in the histo­ Wednesday, May 18, 1988 a voice seemed to say, 'This is a pal of yours.' I don't know how long I stood there. ry of Akron. Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, on May But finally I put the roses on the casket and The Swedish Evangelical Bethany Church of 30 we will again commemorate the deeds and went back into the sunlight." East Akron, the original name for Bethany sacrifices of the Nation's war dead. While Today, Sergeant Younger rests with the Evangelical Lutheran Church, was established each community carries out the Memorial Day 200,000 others buried at Arlington. for the Swedish Lutheran population of north­ observance in its own way, the national focus After the body of the unknown lay in eastern Ohio by Pastor Nelsenius on May 24, is on Arlington National Cemetery and the state in France for several hours, it was placed on a flag-draped gun carriage and es­ 1888. Tomb of the Unknowns. corted to a funeral train, which took it to Le As the community of Akron grew, so did As we approach Memorial Day, I thought it Havre. There it was carried aboard the U.S. Bethany Evangelical Lutheran Church. The fitting to share with my colleagues a brief his­ cruiser Olympia, Admiral Dewey's flagship years following 1888 were marked by growth tory of the tomb prepared by Max Cleland, at the battle of Manila Bay, and amid the and char .ge until, during the early spring of former Administrator of the Veterans Adminis­ boom of saluting cannon, the cruiser 1927, the current location of the church was tration and now Georgia Secretary of State. steamed into the gray Atlantic. In Washington, the body lay in state in finally dedicated. This important occasion The following article appeared in the May should not go unnoticed: It shows how people issue of Guideposts. the Capitol rotunda, on the same catafalque that had once held the remains of President dedicated to their faith can improve their lives, IN MEMORY Lincoln, as thousands filed past the bier. the lives of their children, and the spirit of (By Max Cleland) Hidden within the everchanging mountains their community. Each year, and especially on Memorial of wreaths, the little wilted spray of Ser­ Through the years, Bethany Evangelical Lu­ Day, thousands of people make a pilgrimage geant Younger's white roses still lay on top to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Ar­ of the casket. theran Church has been renovated. This phys­ lington National Cemetery. Back when I Attending the funeral on the morning of ical growth has paralleled the church's in headed the Veterans Administration in November 11, 1921-Armistice Day-were community life. As elder parishioners bring Washington, D.C., and needed a quiet place government officials from President Har­ their children to church, these children return to sort out my thoughts, I would often drive ding on down, plus representatives of seven to the Akron community stronger for their faith out to that monument. As a Vietnam veter­ allies who each conferred his nation's high­ in every walk of life. It is through this commit­ an, I felt a kinship with the fallen heroes est military honor on the unknown. who lie there. Then the casket, with only the withered. ment to youth that the church has helped to Usually my visit would be in the early white roses adorning it, was interred, resting build a foundation for both a sound Akron and evening, and as I wheeled up the path, the within a steel vault on two inches of soil a better future. marble monolith would glow a soft rose in brought from the battlefields of France. Bethany Evangelical Lutheran Church the rays of the setting sun. Not until 1932, however, was the huge sar­ stands now as both an architectural and spirit­ The only sound would be the metallic cophagus of bone-white Colorado marble ual landmark in the history of Akron. Its con­ click of a lone sentinel's boots as he paced with its carved figures representing Victory, back and forth before the tomb. I'd watch Valor and Peace completed. tinued strength, and the constant dedication respectfully at a distance as the guard, stiff­ Twenty-six years later, on Memorial Day, of its members, are a vital part of the city. The backed and stern, would take 21 precise 1958, the unknown dead from World War II faith of the people of Bethany Evangelical Lu­ steps, then halt for 21 seconds