DOCSLIB.ORG

Literature EVALUATING GEAR and FACTORS AFFECTING CATCH

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Literature EVALUATING GEAR and FACTORS AFFECTING CATCH Literature EVALUATING GEAR AND FACTORS AFFECTING CATCH AND SAMPLING VARIATION Frank J. Schwartz Patricia A. Howland Special Scientific Report for .Carolina Power and Light Company Raleigh, North Carolina 1 June 1978 Institute of . Marine Sciences University of North Carolina Morehead City, North Carolina 28557 INTRODUCTION Scientists are always concerned with the data they obtain. This may be in the form of: did I sample enough, was the sample size large enough to be con- sidered representative, did I sample all habitats, faunas, etc., did I take the proper environmental data, and should I sample only during the day or night hours. These and a host of questions besiege him in his quest for representa- tive and precise information about the area or fauna being studied. These concerns are often unknowingly upset by ignoring factors other than biological that may seriously alter the results and conclusions reached. These may be subtle factors such as: how efficient is the gear used, how ef- fective is its operation, is it selective for certain sizes or species of organisms because of color or strength of material. While the organisms may behave one way in relation to the gear, how does the behavior of the gear affect the po- tentially capturable organism? What type of gear should be used--midwater or other? Will mesh size affect the results? Does one type of gear sample a species, population or area better than another and why? What effect does human fatigue have on gear operation? Even with awareness of these and many other factors that influence the outcome of a research study, extraneous factors beyond our control may fur- ther influence the observed data. Does sampling gear and subtle environmental changes that are detected by the animal, such as wind, weather fronts, and water pressure differences, influence their behavior? Thus, there is more to sampling than just plunging forth with gear in hand and assuming the "true" picture will emerge. Only too recently have researchers become aware of these interrelating factors and examined their effects. In recent years the expense of operating large ships has spurred science into finding more efficient ways to sample fish populations--whether 2 for food or recreation. Most literature dealing with the above problems has been published since 1940. A few examples of reports (by citation number) that attempt to resolve some of these problems are: quantitative sampling 3; behavior 5; net selection 7 and many others; sample replication 15, 22; effect of boat sounds on captures 52, 87, 88, 291; tow speed 53; effect of tickler chain 54, 67, 181; time of sample 91, 317; effect of trawling on habitat 127, 185; color of gear material 177, 286; herding by gear 143; environmental affects 256, 393; need for crew rotation to maintain human efficiency 27. HOW TO USE THIS COMPILATION This compilation is arranged by seven indices: LITERATURE, AUTHOR, SCFNTIFIC NAME-FISHES, SCIENTIFIC NAME-OTHER SPECIES, COMMON NAME-FISHES, COMMON NAME-OTHER SPECIES, and SUBJECT. Each entry is cross-referenced by the numbers that precede each original citation. One should not assume that everything pertaining to gear efficiency will be found only under gear or efficiency as it was often difficult to cross-reference material. That is, effect of a drop net may have had an effect on efficiency and one should check additional references under gear, etc. The same applies to changes in scientific or common names of organisms. Note: reference 280 should precede 253; von Brandt on pages 5 and 29. We express thanks to the following libraries for expediting the reference material for our examination: NMFS-NOAA, Wilson Library-UNC, British Museum of Natural History, The Center for Research Libraries, University of Illinois-Urbana, Library of Congress, Duke University, and American Museum of Natural History. Copies of most references are in the library of the senior author. H. Grainger and P. Murdock helped renumber all indices during the final typing. N. Latham aided final text check and assembly. Library acquisitions as well as the concerted efforts in typing and final draft preparation were made by Brenda Bright of our institution. Her continued outstanding efforts helped speed this report to completion. 3 LITERATURE CITATIONS • A 1. Ahlstrom, E. H., J. D. Isaacs, J. R. Thrailkill, and L. W. Kidd. 1958. High-speed plankton sampler. Fish. Bull. 58(132):187-214. 2. Akyuz, E. F. 1959. On the use of midwater trawls for anchovy in the Black Sea. pp. 357-358. In: H. Kristjonsson, ed. Modern Fishing Gear of the World, Vol. 1. Fishing News Ltd., London. 607 p. 3. Allen, G. H., A. D. Delacy, and D. W. Gotshall. 1960. Quantitive sampling of marine fishes--a problem in fish behavior and fishing gear. pp. 448-511. In: E. A. Pearson, ed. Waste Disposal in the Marine Environment. Pergammon Press, New York. 4. Allen, K. R. 1963. The influence of behaviour on the capture of fish with baits. ICNAFSpec. Publ. 5:57. 5. Altukhov, Yu. P. and V. R. Protasov. 1960. The visual reaction of some fishes to a moving net webbing. Ryb. Khoz. 4:911. Moscow. 6. Alverson, D. L. and W. T. Pereyra. 1969. Demersal fish explora- tions in the NE Pacific Ocean--an evaluation of exploratory fishing methods and analytical approaches to stock size and yield fore- casts. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 26(8):1985-2001. 7. Ancellin, J. and P. Desbrosses. 1963. The selective action of nets made of manila, hemp, and nylon. ICNAFSpec. Publ. 5:8. 8. Anderson, W. D., J. K. Dias, R. K. Dias, D. M. Cupka, and N. A. Chamberlain. 1977. The macrofauna of the surf zone off Folly Beach, South Carolina. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-704, 23 p. 9. Andersson, K. A. 1934. Experiments with trawls having different meshes in the codend. Rapp. Proces-Verb., Cons. Perm. Int. Explor. Mer 90:60-61. 10. Aron, W. and S. Collard. 1969. A study of the influence of net speed on catch. Limnol. Oceanogr. 14(2):242-249. 11. Aronov, M. P. and B. V. Vyskrebentzev. 1969. Underwater obser- vations on the behaviour of fishes in the zone of trawling. FAO Fish. Rep. 62(3):843-848. 12. Aslanova, N. Ye. 1949. The behavior of the anchovy and the herring in the trapnet zone in the Kerch Strait. Ryb. Khoz. 7:37. 13. 1958. Study of the behavior of fishes in the operational zone of the fishing gear. Trud. Vses. Nauch-issled. Inst. Morskogo Ryb. Khoz. Okeanogr. 36:33-51. 4 14. 1961. A study of the reaction of fishes to net webbing. Trudy (VNIRO) 44:165-176. 15. Atsatt, Lenora H. and R. R. Seapy. 1974. An analysis of sampling variability in replicated midwater trawls off southern California. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 14:261-273. 16. Atton, F. M. 1955. The relative effectiveness of nylon and cotton gill nets. Can. Fish Cult. 17:18-26. 17. Austin, C. B. 1977. Incorporating soak time into measurement of fishing effort in trap fisheries. Fish. Bull. 75(1):213-218. 18. Badcock, J. 1970. The vertical distribution of mesopelagic fishes collected on the sond cruise. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 50(4): 1001-1044. 19. Bagenal, T. B. 1958. An analysis of the variability associated with the Vigneron-Dahl modification of the otter trawl by day and by night and a discussion of its action. J. Cons. 24(1):62-79. 20. Barkley, R. A. 1964. The theoretical effectiveness of towed-net samplers as related to sampler size and to swimming speed of organisms. J. Cons. 29(2):146-157. 21. 1972. Selectivity of towed-net samplers. Fish. Bull. 70(3): 799-820. 22. Barnes, H. and T. B. Bagenal. 1951. A statistical study of varia- bility in catch obtained by short repeated trawls taken over an inshore ground. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 29(3):649-660. 23. Bayley, P. B. 1977. Changes in species compositions of the yields and catch per effort during the development of the fishery at Lake Turkana, Kenya. Arch. Hydrobiol. 79(1):111-132. 24. Beamish, F. W. H. 1969. Photographic observations on reactions of fish ahead of otter trawls. FAO Fish. Rep. 62(3):511-521. 25. Berst, A. H. 1961. Selectivity and efficiency of experimental gill nets in South Bay and Georgian Bay of Lake Huron. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 90(4):413-417. 26. Berzileev, I. L. and V. G. Dedov. 1972. Determination of the shape of cables towed in water. Ryb. Khoz. 10:55-56. 27. Besnard, M. J. M. 1971. Les rotations des chaluliers et des chalu- tages. p. 1-7. In: Colloque int. Exp. Oceans. Bordeaux (France) Mars Thome II, Session Technique: Ti. 28. Beverton, R. J. H. 1963. Escape of fish through different parts of a codend. ICNAFSpec. Publ. 5:9-11. 5 29. and A. R. Margetts. 1963. The effect of codend mesh size on certain working characteristics of trawls. ICNAFSpec. Publ. 5:12-17. 30. Blaxter, J. H. S. 1969. Swimming speeds of fish. FAO Fish. Rep. 62(3):69-100. 31. and R. I. Currie. 1967. The effect of artificial lights on acoustic scattering layers in the ocean. pp. 1-14. In: N. B. Marshall, ed. Aspects of Marine Zoology. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. No. 19. 32. and B. B. Parrish. 1965. The importance of light in shoal- ing, avoidance of nets and vertical migration by herring. J. Cons. 30(1):40-57. 33. 1966. The reaction of marine fish to moving netting and other devices in tanks. Dept. Agr. Fish. Scotland Mar. Rev. 1, 15 p. 34. Boer, P. A. de. 1959. Trawl gear measurements obtained by under water instruments.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Preliminary Guide to the Identification of the Early Life History Stages
    NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-416 PRELIMINARY GUIDE TO TIm IDENTIFICATION OF TIm EARLY LlFE mSTORY STAGES OF BLENNIOID FISHES OF THE WBSTHRN CENTR.AL.ATLANTIC, FAUNAL LIST ANI) MERISTIC DATA FOR All KNOWN BLENNIOID SPECIES gy MARrIN R. CAVALLUZZI AND JOHN E. OLNEY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atniospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center 75 Virginia Beach Drive Miami. Florida 33149 December 1998 NOAA Teclmical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-416 PRELlMINARY GUIDE TO TIlE IDBNTIFlCA110N OF TIlE EARLY LIFE HISTORY STAGES OF BLBNNIOm FISHES OF TIm WBSTBRN CBN'l'R.At·A11..ANi'IC, FAUNAL LIST AND MERISllC DATA" -. FOR ALL KNOWN BLBNNIOID SPECJBS BY ~TIN R. CAVALLUZZI AND JOHN E. OLNEY u.s. DBPAR'I'MffiIT OF COMMERCB William M:Daley, Secretary NatioDal Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration D. JIjDlCS Baker, Under Secretary for OCeaJI.Sand Atmosphere National Marine Fisheries Service , Rolland A. Scbmitten, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries December 1998 This Technical Memorandum series is Used for documentation and timely cot:mD1Urlcationofpreliminazy results, interim reports, or similar special-purpose information. Although the memoranda are not subject to complete formal review, editoPal control, or de1Biled editing, they are expected to reflect smmd professional work. NOTICE .The National Mariiie Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, recommend or endorse any proprietary product or material mentioned in this publication. No reference shati be made to NMFS or to this publication furi:rished by NMFS, in any advertising or salespromoiion which would imply that NMFS approves, recommends, or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein or which has as its purpose any mtent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Responses of Fish Communities to Environmental Gradients in the North Sea, Eastern English Channel, and Bay of Somme Matthew Mclean
    Functional responses of fish communities to environmental gradients in the North Sea, Eastern English Channel, and Bay of Somme Matthew Mclean To cite this version: Matthew Mclean. Functional responses of fish communities to environmental gradients in the North Sea, Eastern English Channel, and Bay of Somme. Ecology, environment. Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 2019. English. NNT : 2019DUNK0532. tel-02384271 HAL Id: tel-02384271 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02384271 Submitted on 28 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Thèse de doctorat de L’Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale Ecole doctorale – Sciences de la Matière, du Rayonnement et de l’Environnement Pour obtenir le grade de Docteur en sciences et technologies Spécialité : Géosciences, Écologie, Paléontologie, Océanographie Discipline : BIOLOGIE, MEDECINE ET SANTE – Physiologie, biologie des organismes, populations, interactions Functional responses of fish communities to environmental gradients in the North Sea, Eastern English Channel, and Bay of Somme Réponses fonctionnelles des communautés de poissons aux gradients environnementaux en mer du Nord, Manche orientale, et baie de Somme Présentée et soutenue par Matthew MCLEAN Le 13 septembre 2019 devant le jury composé de : Valeriano PARRAVICINI Maître de Conférences à l’EPHE Président Raul PRIMICERIO Professeur à l’Université de Tromsø Rapporteur Camille ALBOUY Cadre de Recherche à l’IFREMER Examinateur Maud MOUCHET Maître de Conférences au CESCO Examinateur Rita P.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance Fourth Edition – APRIL 2011
    SGR 129 Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance Fourth Edition – APRIL 2011 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION CENTER FOR FOOD SAFETY AND APPLIED NUTRITION OFFICE OF FOOD SAFETY Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance Fourth Edition – April 2011 Additional copies may be purchased from: Florida Sea Grant IFAS - Extension Bookstore University of Florida P.O. Box 110011 Gainesville, FL 32611-0011 (800) 226-1764 Or www.ifasbooks.com Or you may download a copy from: http://www.fda.gov/FoodGuidances You may submit electronic or written comments regarding this guidance at any time. Submit electronic comments to http://www.regulations. gov. Submit written comments to the Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305), Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852. All comments should be identified with the docket number listed in the notice of availability that publishes in the Federal Register. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (240) 402-2300 April 2011 Table of Contents: Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance • Guidance for the Industry: Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance ................................ 1 • CHAPTER 1: General Information .......................................................................................................19 • CHAPTER 2: Conducting a Hazard Analysis and Developing a HACCP Plan
    [Show full text]
  • Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean Volume
    ISBN 0-9689167-4-x Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean (Davis Strait, Southern Greenland and Flemish Cap to Cape Hatteras) Volume One Acipenseriformes through Syngnathiformes Michael P. Fahay ii Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean iii Dedication This monograph is dedicated to those highly skilled larval fish illustrators whose talents and efforts have greatly facilitated the study of fish ontogeny. The works of many of those fine illustrators grace these pages. iv Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean v Preface The contents of this monograph are a revision and update of an earlier atlas describing the eggs and larvae of western Atlantic marine fishes occurring between the Scotian Shelf and Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (Fahay, 1983). The three-fold increase in the total num- ber of species covered in the current compilation is the result of both a larger study area and a recent increase in published ontogenetic studies of fishes by many authors and students of the morphology of early stages of marine fishes. It is a tribute to the efforts of those authors that the ontogeny of greater than 70% of species known from the western North Atlantic Ocean is now well described. Michael Fahay 241 Sabino Road West Bath, Maine 04530 U.S.A. vi Acknowledgements I greatly appreciate the help provided by a number of very knowledgeable friends and colleagues dur- ing the preparation of this monograph. Jon Hare undertook a painstakingly critical review of the entire monograph, corrected omissions, inconsistencies, and errors of fact, and made suggestions which markedly improved its organization and presentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Age, Growth and Population Dynamics of Lemon Sole Microstomus Kitt(Walbaum 1792)
    Age, growth and population dynamics of lemon sole Microstomus kitt (Walbaum 1792) sampled off the west coast of Ireland By Joan F. Hannan Masters Thesis in Fish Biology Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology Supervisors of Research Dr. Pauline King and Dr. David McGrath Submitted to the Higher Education and Training Awards Council July 2002 Age, growth and population dynamics of lemon sole Microstomus kitt (Walbaum 1792) sampled off the west coast of Ireland Joan F. Hannan ABSTRACT The age, growth, maturity and population dynamics o f lemon sole (Microstomus kitt), captured off the west coast o f Ireland (ICES division Vllb), were determined for the period November 2000 to February 2002. The maximum age recorded was 14 years. Males o f the population were dominated by 4 year olds, while females were dominated by 5 year olds. Females dominated the sex ratio in the overall sample, each month sampled, at each age and from 22cm in total length onwards (when N > 20). Possible reasons for the dominance o f females in the sex ratio are discussed. Three models were used to obtain the parameters o f the von Bertalanfly growth equation. These were the Ford-Walford plot (Beverton and Holt 1957), the Gulland and Holt plot (1959) and the Rafail (1973) method. Results o f the fitted von Bertalanffy growth curves showed that female lemon sole o ff the west coast o f Ireland grew faster than males and attained a greater size. Male and female lemon sole mature from 2 years o f age onwards. There is evidence in the population o f a smaller asymptotic length (L«, = 34.47cm), faster growth rate (K = 0.1955) and younger age at first maturity, all o f which are indicative o f a decrease in population size, when present results are compared to data collected in the same area 22 years earlier.
    [Show full text]
  • Bouguerche Et Al
    Redescription and molecular characterisation of Allogastrocotyle bivaginalis Nasir & Fuentes Zambrano, 1983 (Monogenea: Gastrocotylidae) from Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich) (Perciformes: Carangidae) off the Algerian coast, Mediterranean Sea Chahinez Bouguerche, Fadila Tazerouti, Delphine Gey, Jean-Lou Justine To cite this version: Chahinez Bouguerche, Fadila Tazerouti, Delphine Gey, Jean-Lou Justine. Redescription and molecular characterisation of Allogastrocotyle bivaginalis Nasir & Fuentes Zambrano, 1983 (Monogenea: Gas- trocotylidae) from Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich) (Perciformes: Carangidae) off the Algerian coast, Mediterranean Sea. Systematic Parasitology, Springer Verlag (Germany), 2019, 96 (8), pp.681-694. 10.1007/s11230-019-09883-7. hal-02557974 HAL Id: hal-02557974 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02557974 Submitted on 29 Apr 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Bouguerche et al. Allogastrocotyle bivaginalis 1 Systematic Parasitology (2019) 96:681–694 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-019-09883-7 Redescription and molecular characterisation
    [Show full text]
  • Descriptions of Larvae of California
    SUMIDA ET AL.: CALIFORNIA YELLOWTAIL AND OTHER CARANGID LARVAE CalCOFI Rep., Vol. XXVI, 1985 DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAE OF CALIFORNIA YELLOWTAIL, SERlOLA LALANDI, AND THREE OTHER CARANGIDS FROM THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC: CHLOROSCOMBRUS ORQUETA, CARANX CABALLUS, AND CARANX SEXFASClATUS BARBARA Y. SUMIDA, ti. GEOFFREY MOSER. AND ELBERT H. AHLSTROM National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Center P.O. Box 271 La Jolla. California 92038 ABSTRACT southern California and Baja California, and it briefly Larvae are described for four species of jacks, fami- supported a commercial fishery during the 1950s ly Carangidae. Three of these, Seriola lalandi (Cali- (MacCall et al. 1976). Larvae of Seriola species from fornia yellowtail), Chloroscombrus orqueta, and other regions of the world have been described (see Carum caballus, occur in the CalCOFI region. A literature review in Laroche et al. 1984), but larvae of fourth species, Caranx sexfasciatus, occurs from eastern Pacific Seriola lalandi have not previously Mazatlan, Mexico, to Panama. Species are distin- been described’. This paper also describes larvae of guished by a combination of morphological, pigmen- two other carangids, Chloroscombrus orqueta and tary, and meristic characters. Larval body morphs Caranx caballus, occurring in the CalCOFI region, range from slender S. lalandi, with a relatively elon- and a third carangid, Caranx sexfasciatus, which gate gut, to deep-bodied C. sexfasciatus, with a occurs to the south. triangular gut mass. Pigmentation patterns are charac- teristic for early stages of each species, but all except MATERIALS AND METHODS C. orqueta become heavily pigmented in late stages of Larvae used in this work were obtained from var- development.
    [Show full text]
  • Sharkcam Fishes
    SharkCam Fishes A Guide to Nekton at Frying Pan Tower By Erin J. Burge, Christopher E. O’Brien, and jon-newbie 1 Table of Contents Identification Images Species Profiles Additional Info Index Trevor Mendelow, designer of SharkCam, on August 31, 2014, the day of the original SharkCam installation. SharkCam Fishes. A Guide to Nekton at Frying Pan Tower. 5th edition by Erin J. Burge, Christopher E. O’Brien, and jon-newbie is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. For questions related to this guide or its usage contact Erin Burge. The suggested citation for this guide is: Burge EJ, CE O’Brien and jon-newbie. 2020. SharkCam Fishes. A Guide to Nekton at Frying Pan Tower. 5th edition. Los Angeles: Explore.org Ocean Frontiers. 201 pp. Available online http://explore.org/live-cams/player/shark-cam. Guide version 5.0. 24 February 2020. 2 Table of Contents Identification Images Species Profiles Additional Info Index TABLE OF CONTENTS SILVERY FISHES (23) ........................... 47 African Pompano ......................................... 48 FOREWORD AND INTRODUCTION .............. 6 Crevalle Jack ................................................. 49 IDENTIFICATION IMAGES ...................... 10 Permit .......................................................... 50 Sharks and Rays ........................................ 10 Almaco Jack ................................................. 51 Illustrations of SharkCam
    [Show full text]
  • BIO 313 ANIMAL ECOLOGY Corrected
    NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COURSE CODE: BIO 314 COURSE TITLE: ANIMAL ECOLOGY 1 BIO 314: ANIMAL ECOLOGY Team Writers: Dr O.A. Olajuyigbe Department of Biology Adeyemi Colledge of Education, P.M.B. 520, Ondo, Ondo State Nigeria. Miss F.C. Olakolu Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, No 3 Wilmot Point Road, Bar-beach Bus-stop, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. Mrs H.O. Omogoriola Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, No 3 Wilmot Point Road, Bar-beach Bus-stop, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. EDITOR: Mrs Ajetomobi School of Agricultural Sciences Lagos State Polytechnic Ikorodu, Lagos 2 BIO 313 COURSE GUIDE Introduction Animal Ecology (313) is a first semester course. It is a two credit unit elective course which all students offering Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Biology can take. Animal ecology is an important area of study for scientists. It is the study of animals and how they related to each other as well as their environment. It can also be defined as the scientific study of interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms. Since this is a course in animal ecology, we will focus on animals, which we will define fairly generally as organisms that can move around during some stages of their life and that must feed on other organisms or their products. There are various forms of animal ecology. This includes: • Behavioral ecology, the study of the behavior of the animals with relation to their environment and others • Population ecology, the study of the effects on the population of these animals • Marine ecology is the scientific study of marine-life habitat, populations, and interactions among organisms and the surrounding environment including their abiotic (non-living physical and chemical factors that affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce) and biotic factors (living things or the materials that directly or indirectly affect an organism in its environment).
    [Show full text]
  • Libro De Peces De PR Español.Indd
    Peces de Puerto Rico Quinta edición, 2011 Cuarta edición, 2005 Tercera edición, 1997 Segunda edición, 1993 Primera edición, 1989 Compilación y edición Vangie Fradera vda. de Hernández Producción y edición en la quinta edición Edición y revisión en español por: Cristi na D. Olán Martí nez Asistente de edición: Omar Orti z Arroyo Revisión en inglés por: Nicole Álvarez Durán, Odett e M. Orti z Mercado y Larrisa I. Ramos Nieves Ilustraciones por: Daniel Irizarri Oquendo y Alexis Rivera Miura Portada por: Daniel Irizarri Oquendo y Alexis Rivera Miura Diagramación por: Omar Orti z Arroyo Colaboradores del Programa Sea Grant de la Universidad de Puerto Rico Director: Ruperto Chaparro Serrano, MA Director asociado: Manuel Valdés Pizzini, PhD Coordinadora de comunicaciones: Cristi na D. Olán Martí nez Asistente de comunicaciones: Delmis del C. Alicea Segarra, EdD Especialista en información: María E. Font Especialista en pesquerías: Edgardo Ojeda Serrano, PhD Jefe de impresos: Guillermo Damiani González Asesoría: Omayra Hernández Vale, MS, Godoberto López Padilla, Iván López, Marcos Rosado y Michelle Shärer Umpierre, PhD Colaboradora: Johanna Guzmán Casti llo ISBN: 1-881719-18-9 Publicación número: UPRSG-B-210 Esta publicación ha sido producida por el Programa Sea Grant de la Universidad de Puerto Rico bajo la subvención NA10OAR4170062 de la Ofi cina Nacional del Programa Sea Grant, Administración Nacional Oceánica y Atmosférica (NOAA) del Departamento de Comercio de los Estados Unidos de América. Publicati on of this work was produced by the University of Puerto Rico Sea Grant College Program under Grant Number NA10OAR4170062, from the Nati onal Sea Grant College Program, Nati onal Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrati on, United States Department of Commerce.
    [Show full text]
  • Betnune-Cookman Coll., Daytona Unclas Dedch, Fla.) 31 P HC $4.75 CSCL 06C G3/04 35571
    .1-1-CR-1374G9) A SlUDY Of LAGOCNAi AND W74-20718 E 3UAPIIE PaOCESSES AFD ARTIFICIAL HALITATS I) IHE AREA OF THE JOHN F. KE,EEDY (Betnune-Cookman Coll., Daytona Unclas dedch, Fla.) 31 p HC $4.75 CSCL 06C G3/04 35571 A STUDY OF LAGOONAL AND ESTUARINE PROCESSES AND ARTIFICIAL HABITATS IN THE AREA OF THE JOHN F. KENNEDY SPACE CENTER By Premsukh Poonai A first annual report on a project conducted by Bethune-Cookman College under a financial grant made by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration September 1972 - October 1973 Reproduced by NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE US Dopartment of Commerce Springfield, VA. 22151 NOTICE THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED FROM THE BEST COPY FURNISHED US BY THE SPONSORING AGENCY. ALTHOUGH IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT CER- TAIN PORTIONS ARE ILLEGIBLE, IT IS BEING RE- LEASED IN THE INTEREST OF MAKING AVAILABLE AS MUCH INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE. TABLE OF COMTENTS Page Abstract 1 Introduction 2-3 Materials and methods 4-8 Figures 1-5 9-13 Results and discussion 14-17 Conclusions 18 Tables 1-6 19-24 Acknowledgements 25 Appendices 1-2 26-27 Bibliography 28-29 ABSTRACT In order to study the influence of an artificial habitat of discarded automobile tires upon the biomass in and around it, three sites were selected in the Banana River, one of which will serve as a control and the other two as locations for small tire reefs. One of the reefs has been established and the other is on the point of being laid down. Measurements and correlation studies of the biomasses and the species indicate that the Blodynamics of the sites are appreciably the same in the three cases, that there are probably adequate populations at the lower trophic levels, that there are perhaps redused numbers of upper level carnivores and that it is likely that small artiftkial havens can contribute to an lucreaso in populations of certain species of gmefish.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Bibliography of Diet Studies of Fish of the Southeast United States and Gray’S Reef National Marine Sanctuary
    Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series MSD-05-2 An annotated bibliography of diet studies of fish of the southeast United States and Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary U.S. Department of Commerce February 2005 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management Marine Sanctuaries Division About the Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Marine Sanctuary Division (MSD) administers the National Marine Sanctuary Program. Its mission is to identify, designate, protect and manage the ecological, recreational, research, educational, historical, and aesthetic resources and qualities of nationally significant coastal and marine areas. The existing marine sanctuaries differ widely in their natural and historical resources and include nearshore and open ocean areas ranging in size from less than one to over 5,000 square miles. Protected habitats include rocky coasts, kelp forests, coral reefs, sea grass beds, estuarine habitats, hard and soft bottom habitats, segments of whale migration routes, and shipwrecks. Because of considerable differences in settings, resources, and threats, each marine sanctuary has a tailored management plan. Conservation, education, research, monitoring and enforcement programs vary accordingly. The integration of these programs is fundamental to marine protected area management. The Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series reflects and supports this integration by providing a forum for publication and discussion of the complex issues currently facing the National Marine Sanctuary Program. Topics of published reports vary substantially and may include descriptions of educational programs, discussions on resource management issues, and results of scientific research and monitoring projects. The series facilitates integration of natural sciences, socioeconomic and cultural sciences, education, and policy development to accomplish the diverse needs of NOAA’s resource protection mandate.
    [Show full text]