VIVO: a Semantic Approach to Scholarly Networking and Discovery
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VIVO A Semantic Approach to Scholarly Networking and Discovery Synthesis Lectures on Semantic Web: Theory and Technology Editors James Hendler, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Ying Ding, Indiana University Synthesis Lectures on the Semantic Web: Theory and Application is edited by James Hendler of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Whether you call it the Semantic Web, Linked Data, or Web 3.0, a new generation of Web technologies is offering major advances in the evolution of the World Wide Web. As the first generation of this technology transitions out of the laboratory, new research is exploring how the growing Web of Data will change our world. While topics such as ontology-building and logics remain vital, new areas such as the use of semantics in Web search, the linking and use of open data on the Web, and future applications that will be supported by these technologies are becoming important research areas in their own right. Whether they be scientists, engineers or practitioners, Web users increasingly need to understand not just the new technologies of the Semantic Web, but to understand the principles by which those technologies work, and the best practices for assembling systems that integrate the different languages, resources, and functionalities that will be important in keeping the Web the rapidly expanding, and constantly changing, information space that has changed our lives. Topics to be included: • Semantic Web Principles from linked-data to ontology design • Key Semantic Web technologies and algorithms • Semantic Search and language technologies • The Emerging “Web of Data” and its use in industry, government and university applications • Trust, Social networking and collaboration technologies for the Semantic Web • The economics of Semantic Web application adoption and use • Publishing and Science on the Semantic Web • Semantic Web in health care and life sciences iii VIVO: A Semantic Approach to Scholarly Networking and Discovery Katy Börner, Michael Conlon, Jon Corson-Rikert, and Ying Ding 2012 Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space Tom Heath and Christian Bizer 2011 Copyright © 2012 by Morgan & Claypool All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher. VIVO: A Semantic Approach to Scholarly Networking and Discovery Katy Börner, Michael Conlon, Jon Corson-Rikert, and Ying Ding www.morganclaypool.com ISBN: 9781608459933 paperback ISBN: 9781608459940 ebook DOI 10.2200/S00428ED1V01Y201207WEB002 A Publication in the Morgan & Claypool Publishers series SYNTHESIS LECTURES ON SEMANTIC WEB: THEORY AND TECHNOLOGY Lecture #2 Series Editors: James Hendler, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Ying Ding, Indiana University Synthesis Lectures on Semantic Web: Theory and Technology ISSN pending. VIVO A Semantic Approach to Scholarly Networking and Discovery Katy Börner Indiana University Michael Conlon University of Florida Jon Corson-Rikert Cornell University Ying Ding Indiana University SYNTHESIS LECTURES ON SEMANTIC WEB: THEORY AND TECHNOLOGY #2 M &C Morgan& cLaypool publishers ABSTRACT The world of scholarship is changing rapidly. Increasing demands on scholars, the growing size and complexity of questions and problems to be addressed, and advances in sophistication of data collection, analysis, and presentation require new approaches to scholarship. A ubiquitous, open information infrastructure for scholarship, consisting of linked open data, open-source software tools, and a community committed to sustainability are emerging to meet the needs of scholars today. This book provides an introduction to VIVO, http://vivoweb.org/, a tool for representing information about research and researchers—their scholarly works, research interests, and organiza- tional relationships. VIVO provides an expressive ontology, tools for managing the ontology, and a platform for using the ontology to create and manage linked open data for scholarship and discovery. Begun as a project at Cornell and further developed by an NIH funded consortium, VIVO is now being established as an open-source project with community participation from around the world. By the end of 2012, over 20 countries and 50 organizations will provide information in VIVO format on more than one million researchers and research staff, including publications, research resources, events, funding, courses taught, and other scholarly activity. The rapid growth of VIVO and of VIVO-compatible data sources speaks to the fundamental need to transform scholarship for the 21st century. KEYWORDS scholarship, research, research networking, Semantic Web, linked open data vii Contents Preface .................................................................xiii Structure of the Book .....................................................xv Acknowledgments ...................................................... xvii 1 Scholarly Networking Needs and Desires .....................................1 Michael Conlon 1.1 The World of the Scholar Today .......................................... 1 1.2 Research Discovery and Expert Identification ............................... 2 1.3 The Semantic Web ..................................................... 3 1.4 VIVO: A Semantic Web Information Infrastructure for Scholarship ............ 4 1.5 How VIVO Addresses the Needs of the Scholar Today and Tomorrow ......... 7 References ............................................................ 12 2 The VIVO Ontology ..................................................... 15 Jon Corson-Rikert, Stella Mitchell, Brian Lowe, Nicholas Rejack, Ying Ding, and Chun Guo 2.1 Introduction .......................................................... 16 2.2 Semantic Technologies ................................................. 16 2.2.1 Rationale for Using Semantic Standards ............................ 16 2.2.2 RDF and OWL ................................................. 16 2.2.3 Linked Data .................................................... 17 2.2.4 Features of Semantic Modeling .................................... 17 2.3 Design of the Ontology ................................................ 18 2.3.1 Goals .......................................................... 19 2.3.2 Independence ................................................... 19 2.3.3 The Class Hierarchy ............................................. 20 2.3.4 Modeling Principles ............................................. 21 2.4 Relationship to the Application .......................................... 23 2.4.1 Ontology as Data Model ......................................... 23 viii 2.4.2 Reasoning ..................................................... 24 2.4.3 Common Identifiers for Shared Individuals.......................... 25 2.4.4 External Controlled Vocabulary References .......................... 26 2.4.5 Migrating Instance Data .......................................... 26 2.4.6 Integrated Ontology Editor ....................................... 27 2.5 Extending the Ontology ................................................ 27 2.5.1 Modeling Guidelines ............................................ 28 2.5.2 Case Studies .................................................... 28 2.6 VIVO Ontology Community—Effort .................................... 29 2.7 Looking Ahead ....................................................... 30 2.7.1 International Partnerships ........................................ 30 2.7.2 Future Directions ................................................ 31 References ............................................................ 32 3 Implementing VIVO and Filling It with Life ............................... 35 Valrie Davis, Kristi L. Holmes, Brian J. Lowe, Leslie McIntosh, Liz Tomich, and Alex Viggio 3.1 Preparation for Implementation .......................................... 35 3.1.1 Create Your Project Plan ......................................... 36 3.1.2 Create Your One-Pager ........................................... 36 3.2 The Importance of Stakeholders ......................................... 36 3.2.1 Identifying Stakeholders .......................................... 39 3.2.2 What Motivates Stakeholders? .................................... 39 3.2.3 Engaging Stakeholders ........................................... 39 3.3 Identifying Sources and Negotiating Data Access........................... 40 3.4 Filling VIVO with Life ................................................. 41 3.4.1 Manual Editing ................................................. 42 3.4.2 Automated Ingest ............................................... 42 3.4.3 Tools for Ingest ................................................. 46 3.4.4 Updating Data .................................................. 46 3.5 Making VIVO a Local Success .......................................... 47 3.5.1 Outreach and Marketing to Community ............................ 47 3.5.2 Value-Added Services Sharing Data ................................ 49 3.5.3 Theme Elements and Customization of Interface .................... 49 3.5.4 Conclusion and General Tips for Success ........................... 50 References ............................................................ 51 ix 4 Case Study: University of Colorado Boulder ................................ 53 Liz Tomich and Alex Viggio 4.1 How CU–Boulder Chose VIVO ........................................