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Künstlerische Hochschulen in Der DDR

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Künstlerische Hochschulen in Der DDR Daniel Hechler | Peer Pasternack Künstlerische Hochschulen in der DDR. 25 Jahre zeithistorische Aufklärung 1990–2015 Hochschulforschung Halle‐Wittenberg Herausgegeben für das Institut für Hochschulforschung (HoF) von Peer Pasternack Daniel Hechler | Peer Pasternack Künstlerische Hochschulen in der DDR 25 Jahre zeithistorische Aufklärung 1990–2015: Eine Auswertung mit bibliografischer Dokumentation AVA – Akademische Verlagsanstalt Leipzig 2015 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Natio- nalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Angaben sind im Internet über http://dnb.d- nb.de abrufbar. Reihe „Hochschulforschung Halle-Wittenberg“ AVA – Akademische Verlagsanstalt Leipzig 2015 © Institut für Hochschulforschung an der Universität Halle-Wittenberg (HoF) Collegienstraße 62, 06886 Lutherstadt Wittenberg, [email protected], http://www.hof.uni-halle.de Druck: Osiris-Druck Leipzig ISBN 978-3-931982-99-7 Inhalt Teil A. 25 Jahre Aufarbeitung, Erforschung und Dokumentation der DDR‐Geschichte künstlerischer Hochschulen ..................................... 7 1. Die künstlerische Ausbildungslandschaft in der DDR und danach ................................................................................ 9 1.1. Hochschulen ............................................................................... 9 1.2. Fachschulen .............................................................................. 15 2. Erinnerungspolitik und Zeitgeschichtsforschung der Hochschulen ............................................................................ 18 2.1. Zeithistorische Selbstbefassung als systematische Anstrengung: Publikationen der Hochschulen ......................... 19 2.2. Zeithistorische Selbstbefassung im Alltagsbetrieb: eine Auswertung der Hochschulzeitschriften .......................... 26 2.3. Geschichte und Selbstdarstellung: Zeithistorisches auf den Hochschulwebseiten ......................................................... 29 2.4. Niedrigschwellig präsentieren: Ausstellungen der Hochschulen zur eigenen Zeitgeschichte ................................. 35 2.5. Begrenzt kontrovers: Hochschulnamen ................................... 37 3. Die Buchpublikationen: Auffälligkeiten des Aufarbeitungsgeschehens ....................................................... 45 3.1. Literaturlandschaft und bibliografische Dokumentation ......... 47 3.2. Konjunkturen im Zeitverlauf .................................................... 47 3.3. Aufarbeitungsintensitäten an den Hochschulen ...................... 48 3.4. Personenbezogene Publikationen ........................................... 51 4. Fazit und Schlussfolgerungen .................................................. 55 4.1. Drei Optionen: Abstinenz, Marketing, Selbstaufklärung ......... 55 4.2. Mehr tun? Das Aufarbeitungsinstrumentarium der Hochschulzeitgeschichte .......................................................... 59 Literaturverzeichnis zu Teil A. ........................................................... 63 5 Teil B. Bibliografische Dokumentation ................................................... 69 1. Institutionen ............................................................................ 71 1.1. Kunstakademien ...................................................................... 71 Standortübergreifendes ............................................................. 71 Berlin ........................................................................................ 72 Leipzig ....................................................................................... 74 Halle (Saale) .............................................................................. 78 Dresden ..................................................................................... 88 1.2. Musikhochschulen ................................................................... 91 Berlin ........................................................................................ 91 Leipzig ....................................................................................... 92 Dresden ..................................................................................... 93 Halle (Saale) .............................................................................. 94 Weimar ..................................................................................... 94 Rostock ..................................................................................... 94 1.3. Darstellende Künste – Schauspiel‐, Tanz‐ und Filmausbildungen ..................................................................... 96 Palucca Schule Dresden ............................................................. 94 Hochschule für Film und Fernsehen „Konrad Wolf“ Potsdam‐Babelsberg ................................................................ 948 Hochschule für Schauspielkunst „Ernst Busch“ Berlin ............... 101 Hochschule für Musik und Theater Rostock .............................. 101 1.4. Sonstiges und Übergreifendes ............................................... 102 2. Personen ................................................................................ 104 3. Korrespondierende Themen ................................................. 114 3.1. Architekturausbildung und Architekturtheorie...................... 114 3.2. Kunsttheorie, Ästhetische Theorie ......................................... 122 3.3. Kunst‐ und Musikpädagogik ................................................... 129 Verzeichnis der Übersichten ............................................................ 134 Autoren ............................................................................................ 135 6 Teil A. 25 Jahre Aufarbeitung, Erforschung und Dokumentation der DDR‐ Geschichte künstlerischer Hochschulen 7 1. Die künstlerische Ausbildungslandschaft in der DDR und danach Die Landschaft künstlerischer Ausbildungen bestand in der DDR aus Hochschulen und Fachschulen. Erstere stehen hier im Mittelpunkt (nachfolgend 1.1.), letztere sollen aber nicht unterschlagen werden (1.2.). 1.1. Hochschulen Neben den Kunstakademien und Musikhochschulen gab es Hochschu- len für Schauspiel und andere theaterbezogene Studiengänge, Tanz und Ballett sowie für Literatur. Bis auf drei dieser Hochschulen habe alle die strukturellen Neuordnungen nach 1990 überstanden. Zwei wurden in andere Einrichtungen integriert (das Literaturinstitut Leip- zig und die Theaterhochschule Leipzig); nur eine Hochschule wurde ersatzlos aufgelöst, und dies war keine staatliche Entscheidung (Hoch- schule für Kirchenmusik Görlitz). Eine Hochschule ist neu gegründet worden (Hochschule für Musik und Theater Rostock). Regional konzentrierten sich in der DDR und konzentrieren sich auch heute die künstlerischen Hochschuleinrichtungen in Berlin/Pots- dam sowie Sachsen. Elf von heute 16 Institutionen sind dort angesie- delt. Damit überstieg und übersteigt die räumliche Konzentration im künstlerischen Hochschulbereich die des sonstigen Hochschulsektors: Die DDR hatte etwa 50 Prozent ihrer Hochschulressourcen in Ost- Berlin und den drei sächsischen Bezirken angesiedelt. (Übersicht 1) Als eigenständige Einrichtungen existieren im Osten Deutschlands heute 14 künstlerische Hochschulen. An diesen sind aktuell ca. 11.800 Studierende eingeschrieben. Die Größe der künstlerischen Hochschu- len variiert dabei beträchtlich: Sie reicht von weniger als 50 bis zu über 1.000 Studierenden. An der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, die 9 Übersicht 1: Die künstlerischen Hochschulen in der DDR bzw. in Ostdeutschland Studierende Hochschule* 2013/2014** Kunstakademien 1. Weißensee Kunsthochschule Berlin 798 2. Hochschule für Bildende Künste Dresden 617 3. Burg Giebichenstein Kunsthochschule Halle 1.011 4. Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig 559 Musikhochschulen 5. Hochschule für Musik „Hanns Eisler“ Berlin 494 6. Hochschule für Musik „Carl Maria von Weber“ Dresden 591 7. Hochschule für Kirchenmusik Dresden 35 Hochschule für Kirchenmusik der Evangelischen Kirche der 8. schlesischen Oberlausitz Görlitz (1947‐2008, geschlossen) 9. Evangelische Hochschule für Kirchenmusik Halle 47 Hochschule für Musik und Theater „Felix Mendelssohn 10. 946 Bartholdy“ Leipzig 11. Hochschule für Musik und Theater Rostock [Doppelzuordnung] 505 12. Hochschule für Musik „Franz Liszt“ Weimar 792 Bühnen‐ und Filmausbildungen Hochschule für Musik und Theater Rostock [Doppelzuordnung] 505 13. Hochschule für Schauspielkunst „Ernst Busch“ Berlin 224 14. Filmuniversität Babelsberg „Konrad Wolf“, Potsdam 579 Theaterhochschule „Hans Otto“ Leipzig (1953‐1992, in heutige 15. Hochschule für Musik und Theater Leipzig eingegliedert) 16. Palucca Schule Dresden, Hochschule für Tanz 157 Sonstige Literaturinstitut „Johannes R. Becher“ Leipzig (1955‐1993, ge‐ 17. schlossen und 1995 als „Deutsches Literaturinstitut Leipzig“ als 80*** zentrale Einrichtung der Universität Leipzig neu gegründet) Bauhaus‐Universität Weimar (bis 1951 mit Abteilung „Bildende 18. 4.337 Kunst“, seit 1993 mit Fakultät Gestaltung) ∑ 11.772 * ohne West‐Berlin und ohne private Hochschulen; bei den auch heute existierenden Hochschulen werden die aktuellen Namen genannt ** Quelle: Statistisches Bundesamt, Fachserie 11, R 4.1, WS 2013/2014 *** Quelle: Universität Leipzig (o.J. [2014]: 13) 10 hier primär aus zeithistorischen Gründen von Interesse ist,1 studieren ca. 4.300 Personen. (Bundesamt für Statistik 2014) Die künstlerischen Hochschulen in der DDR bauten zwar über- wiegend auf Vorgängereinrichtungen
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