Supported by the Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation

1 William Street Sydney Research Station NSW 2010 Australia T +61 2 9320 6000 australianmuseum.net.au Australian Museum Supported by the Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation Lizard Island Research Station australianmuseum.net.au 2017 Report Lizard Island Research Station 2017 Report

LIRS Directors The Lizard Island Research Station acknowledges the Dr Lyle Vail AM and Dr Anne Hoggett AM traditional owners of Jiigurru, the Dingaal people, on whose land the research station is situated. The Lizard Island Lizard Island Research Station Research Station respects elders past and present, and PMB 37 welcomes all who visit the research station. Cairns QLD 4892 Australia T + 61 (0)7 4060 3977 E [email protected] australianmuseum.net.au/lizard-island-research-station

Australian Museum Research Institute Dr Rebecca Johnson, Director T + 61 (0)2 9320 6237 Cover The featherstar Anneissia bennetti has many colour variations. E [email protected] Above A sea fan on the exposed reef slope of the Lizard Island Group. 1

Welcome

For 45 years, the Lizard Island Research 2017 was our 39th year of supporting Station (LIRS) has helped the world to science at the Australian Museum’s better understand, manage and conserve Lizard Island Research Station. We are the Great Barrier Reef, one of Australia’s now celebrating our 40th Anniversary most treasured ecosystems. and are very proud of the contribution we have been able to make over this The role of the Australian Museum field period. The best measure of its worth is station in supporting thousands of the research projects and publications visiting scientists to undertake world- detailed in the LIRS Annual Reports, leading research into the biodiversity of including this one. the Reef is now more important than ever. The credit belongs to everyone involved: the talented and Coral bleaching in 2017, for an unprecedented second dedicated research scientists; the institutions who employ successive summer, damaged large tracts of the Reef and them and provide their base funding; the staff at the Station will have a knock-on effect on marine life. Abnormally high and the Museum; our Trustees who give their time and their water temperatures are a warning bell for the impacts of own donations; and most of all our Members, Friends and climate change and the urgent need to change course, Grantors on whose donations we depend. Thank you all. before this natural wonder is lost to future generations. As Kim McKay mentions in her Welcome message, coral The work of scientists at the LIRS will be instrumental in species that provide the foundation for the Great Barrier learning how to respond to a changing climate. In the years to Reef are suffering setbacks unprecedented in living memory. come, this invaluable research will reveal how the Reef and The need for further research on the corals and the its marine life respond to coral bleaching and severe storms. countless other species in this vast and wondrous In 2017, the LIRS commenced a new undergraduate internship ecosystem has never been greater. program for students passionate about marine science, to support such research long into the future. The Station’s facilities, fellowships, research grants and impressive science all depend on our continuing donor The Reef can bounce back but it needs time and the right support. Without it, the Station would not exist and could conditions to regrow. Already, there are positive signs that not continue. many small corals survived the back-to-back bleaching and are providing shelter and succour for other species. David Shannon Chairman, Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation Watching over them will be our dedicated LIRS co-directors Anne Hoggett and Lyle Vail, who have operated this important scientific outpost for 27 years. I would also like to thank the Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation (LIRRF), led by David Shannon, for its ongoing investment in the LIRS and its work.

Thank you also to all those involved in supporting the LIRS, including Australian Museum Research Institute staff, volunteers, visiting researchers, donors and the LIRRF and AM Trust.

Kim McKay AO Director & CEO, Australian Museum 2

far from land-based sources of pollution 2017 but it can still be affected due to water currents. It is critical to understand and address these local stressors. The 'right conditions' also include water in review within a limited temperature range: this is a problem that can only have a global solution.

The Great Barrier Reef suffered mass coral bleaching in early Research has never been needed more 2017 for an unprecedented second year in a row. This was urgently to understand what is happening part of a world-wide event that has followed summer around on coral reefs, what their future holds, the globe since mid-2015. At Lizard Island, corals suffered and to investigate ways to mitigate the again in 2017 due to abnormally high temperatures that were problems - for example by containing almost as high as the record set the year before. However, destructive outbreaks of Crown-of- the impact was not as noticeable this time because so many Thorns Starfish, reducing pollution, of the susceptible species of corals were already dead. and by helping corals adapt to higher temperatures. The best mitigation of all So, what has happened? Compare the photos at right of the would be to reverse the build-up of greenhouse gases causing same set of corals at three periods in time: Nov 2015 when they climate change but that is not likely to happen quickly enough were all healthy; Apr 2016 after susceptible species had been or on a large enough scale. killed by bleaching; and Nov 2017 after the second bleaching event. We can see several things: 1) all of the Acropora corals For the past 10 to 15 years, reef researchers have conducted (A to E) died in the 2016 bleaching, 2) other coral types that experiments in aquaria, simulating the predicted future survived the 2016 bleaching (W to Z) also survived the 2017 conditions of warmer and more acidic oceans. Now that bleaching, and 3) no new corals have appeared. those predictions are actually occurring, they have a real- Now compare the shapes of the surviving corals with the world 'experiment' to study, as can be seen in the list of ones that died. The survivors are generally smoother and they projects conducted at Lizard Island Research Station during don’t provide as many hiding places for other reef animals. 2017 (page 15). One of the many benefits of a permanent coral As the dead branching skeletons continue to erode, the reef reef research facility is the development of strong datasets overall will become even smoother. This is a knock-on effect that span decades. These datasets are now being used by of mass bleaching, affecting fishes, crabs and other animals researchers at LIRS, including some of our new Fellows, to that need crevices for shelter. track changes and to look into our reef’s future.

These photos are a pretty good proxy for the entire area, We're pleased to announce the award of nine new fellowships with an important caveat. Many tiny Acropora corals, less (up from six) to PhD students and early-career researchers than about 5 cm diameter, survived the 2016 bleaching. for work that will start in 2018. The Crown-of-Thorns Starfish We don’t yet know why smallness provided protection and grant program continues with two new awards for 2018. As research is needed to discover the mechanism. Some of well, a new grant program has commenced with two awards these small corals succumbed during the second event in targeted at research into the effects of plastic pollution on 2017 but many continued to survive and grow. With a few coral reefs. years of no major disturbances, these survivors will restore A very welcome addition to the LIRS infrastructure this year is the reef’s more rugged and colourful appearance, and its the John Gough Cyclone Shelter. It is named in honour of the function as a habitat for other species. late John Gough who served as a Governor of The Ian Potter There has been very little recruitment of new corals to the Foundation and who was a wonderful supporter of LIRS. The Lizard Island reefs since the bleaching events. An ongoing, Ian Potter Foundation generously provided a grant to the unpublished study suggests that the number of coral Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation to fund construction larvae that settled after the 2016 bleaching was miniscule of the cyclone shelter. This building allows researchers to compared to normal years. But if the surviving small corals continue their work at LIRS during the summer cyclone in the wider area get a chance to grow up, there will be more season, secure in the knowledge that if a cyclone appears in mature colonies to produce more spawn to promote higher the area, its impact on their work will be as small as possible. recruitment. The reef can bounce back, but it needs time Now, those who need to stay on the island can do so safely and the right conditions. during any cyclone, rather than having to evacuate to Cairns. We’re sure that John would approve. Research has shown that sediment and nutrient pollution can impair the ability of corals to recover from massive impacts Lyle Vail AM and Anne Hoggett AM such as bleaching events and cyclones. Lizard Island is located Directors, Lizard Island Research Station 3

Y

X C

D

B W E

A Z

Five Acropora colonies (A to E) and four other types of coral (W to Z), all healthy in Nov 2015 prior to the first bleaching event.

By 23 April 2016, all five Acropora colonies have died due to bleaching and are covered in algae. Corals W and X have not changed colour. Corals Y and Z are partly bleached but are still alive.

11 Nov 2017. The five dead Acropora colonies (outlined) are breaking down and no new Acropora corals have appeared. Corals W to Z are all still alive and those that bleached have retained their colour. 4 5

Cláudio Alexandre Fellowships Tabaio Brandão 2018 Lizard Island Doctoral Fellow University of Aveiro, Portugal and grants Chasing Symbiodinium: the endolithic niche of Symbiodinium on Lizard Island

Reef-building corals are animals that normally have Fellowships microscopic ‘plant’ organisms living within their bodies (actually dinofl agellates in the genus Symbiodinium). Both The Fellowships program provides funding for fi eld-intensive organisms derive benefi ts from living together: the coral research at LIRS by PhD students and recent postdocs. obtains food from the plant through photosynthesis and the The program is fully supported by the Lizard Island Reef plant obtains nutrients and shelter from the coral. Without Foundation and its donors. this relationship, corals would not be able to build reefs. This year, we have been able to award a record number of Symbiodinium can also thrive as free-living cells in seawater fellowships to start in 2018: fi ve to PhD students and four to and on the sea fl oor but little is known about its life there. early-career scientists. These new projects are outlined below. Cláudio’s supervisors recently showed in the lab that free- Details of the conditions and selection criteria for these living Symbiodinium cells can become encased in calcium highly sought-after Fellowships can be found in the Lizard carbonate, effectively becoming a living grain of sand. Island Research Station section of the Australian Museum’s And just last year, the same group discovered that these web site. Applications close in August or September each ‘endolithic’ (=inside stone) Symbiodinium populations also year for funding that becomes available in March of the exist in nature, on reefs. Endolithic Symbiodinium may thus following year. provide a reservoir of potential symbionts for corals. Cláudio will determine whether endolithic Symbiodinium exists in the sand at Lizard Island, and if so, whether its abundance Viviana Brambilla and composition change with environmental conditions and 2018 Ian Potter Doctoral Fellow events such as coral bleaching. This work will fundamentally University of St Andrews, Scotland advance our understanding of free-living Symbiodinium ecology and contribute to our understanding of changes in The role of niche construction for reefs in a changing climate. coral reef recovery

Corals are ecosystem engineers. Their José Ricardo Maceiras de Paula widely differing shapes infl uence the physical environment around them, affecting temperature, 2018 Lizard Island Doctoral Fellow light and water fl ow in ways that promote their own fi tness Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal through a process called niche construction. Viviana aims Cleaning interactions in a changing to quantify niche construction in coral reefs, understanding world: Bio-ecological responses how the presence of different types of corals affects local of cleaning mutualisms to ocean environmental conditions and how these conditions affect warming and acidifi cation reef recovery. ‘Cleaning’ of fi shes is a ubiquitous process on coral reefs Understanding how the presence of a foundational in which cleaners, including particular fi sh and shrimp organism is benefi cial to other species is essential for species, remove parasites from the skin of client fi shes. managing marine ecosystems and it provides valuable These mutualisms are crucial ecological components on coral guidance for reef recovery and restoration. This project reefs that infl uence the abundance and species diversity is especially relevant given that the Great Barrier Reef is of fi sh communities. Cleaners, such as the cleaner wrasse serving as an early warning system for the possible Labroides dimidiatus, interact with numerous species of consequences of climate change. fi sh and provide fi tness benefi ts to their clients by reducing Opposite above left While many anemones bleached and died in 2016 and 2017, stress as well as parasite loads. Surprisingly, there is little some recovered and have now regained their colour. Above right PhD student Zegni understanding of the potential effects of climate change on Triki at work in the laboratory. Centre left Anne Hoggett takes photos for Lizard Island this important relationship. Field Guide. Centre right Large Acropora colonies are now uncommon at Lizard Island. This one in the lagoon entrance channel survived the 2016 bleaching and is José aims to determine the mechanisms by which cleaning partially bleached in March 2017. Lower left Many small Acropora colonies survived both bleaching events (fi nger for scale). Lower right Some soft corals such as this mutualisms respond to ocean warming and acidifi cation. His neptheid were not affected during the bleaching events. research will examine behavioural, neural and physiological 6

variables in cleaner fish, their clients and their parasites Cleaner wrasse densities at Lizard Island declined by up when exposed to projected future temperature and ocean to 80% following reef degradation due to cyclones and acidification conditions. coral bleaching. This was a much greater decline than many species of their client fish. Interestingly, it correlated with a decreased ability of cleaner wrasse to display the Robert Streit sophistication that made this species a prime example for advanced fish intelligence. Zegni’s Fellowship will enable her 2018 Lizard Island Doctoral Fellow to continue to monitor fish population dynamics at Lizard College of Science and Engineering, Island from which she has data from before and after the James Cook University extreme weather events. She will test how these changes Exploring space use and density of have affected the interaction patterns of cleaner wrasse feeding in herbivorous reef fishes and their clients, and she will explore links between variation as a new facet of reef resilience in individual performance and brain characteristics such as neuronal densities. This project will address a fundamental Coral reefs are increasingly threatened by a challenging question on links between interspecific social complexity climate, recurring coral bleaching and severe storms. The and individual cognitive abilities while also yielding important cumulative nature of these disturbances, over variable information on the potential impacts of climate change. spatial scales and tightening time scales, means that future reefs will likely be characterised by rapid shifts and fine- scale patchiness in habitat condition. To safeguard crucial Dr Tyler Cyronak ecological functions on future reefs, we need to understand how fishes can cope with, and respond to, such a shifting 2018 Yulgilbar Foundation mosaic of reef health. Postdoctoral Fellowship USCD, Scripps Institution of By feeding on algae, herbivorous fishes support the Oceanography, USA ecological stability of reefs and can facilitate recovery. Potential herbivore impact is typically studied by assessing Assessing the effects of coral herbivore abundance and sizes of their home-ranges. Such bleaching on reef metabolic approaches essentially quantify presence of herbivorous performance at Lizard Island fishes. However, the big question relating to functional Mass coral bleaching, or the loss of algal symbionts due to delivery is not where the fish are, but where they feed. increasing sea temperature, is among the greatest of threats to coral reefs. Climate models suggest that mass bleaching Robert will assess how feeding behaviour is distributed: is events may become the norm over coming decades, raising it in dense clusters or evenly spread within the fishes’ home questions related to coral reef health and function. range? And he will investigate if this pattern changes as the reef condition changes. Highlighting the importance of Metabolic performance of coral reefs can be determined fish behaviour over fish presence, he aims to assess actual by measuring two dominant processes: (1) net community herbivore impact while accounting for temporal and production (NCP), or the balance between photosynthesis spatial dynamics of habitat condition. and respiration; and, (2) net community calcification (NCC), or the balance between calcium carbonate precipitation and dissolution. These processes serve as metrics for ecological Zegni Triki function by indicating a reef’s capacity to build its calcium 2018 Lizard Island Doctoral Fellow carbonate framework and provide habitat and food for a University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland large number of species.

Linking cognition and brain Reefs around Lizard Island represent a unique opportunity physiology to marine cleaning to study bleaching-induced shifts in metabolic performance mutualism owing to the availability of historical datasets dating back to 1975 when NCC was first measured at Lizard Island. Others The cleaner wrasse is a small fish that repeated these measurements in 2008 and 2009 and found plays a huge role on many coral reefs. By removing parasites NCC to be 27%-49% lower than rates measured during the from the skin of other fishes, they increase the health of same season (September-October) in 1975, an observation those fish and consequently enhance the abundance and the authors attribute to ocean acidification. diversity of fish on reefs. Researchers have made astounding advances in understanding fish cognition, cooperation and Tyler and colleagues will measure NCP and NCC at Lizard behavioural ecology by studying the complex relationships Island in September-October 2018 and 2019. This will enable between cleaners and their clients. Zegni will take this a step them to test whether the mass bleaching events in 2016 and further by investigating the impacts of environmental change 2017 led to significant changes in NCP and NCC compared to on fish cognition. 1975, 2008, and 2009, and whether or not bleaching shifts 7

reefs into alternate metabolic states. Ultimately, their goal is in the genera Distichopora and Stylaster. These are the most to return to Lizard Island to repeat this study annually for the frequent genera recorded in the shallow Indo-Pacific and they next 4-5 years to better monitor the potential for recovery. are the focus of Daniela’s current taxonomic revision. There are undoubtedly new species to be discovered on coral reefs because the group has been subject of so little research. Dr Kristen Anderson King At Lizard Island, Daniela will collect stylasterids from as many 2018 Isobel Bennett Marine Biology different habitats as possible, record ecological data in the Postdoctoral Fellowship field, observe polyp behaviour in the laboratory, and preserve ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies & the Australian Institute specimens for morphological and genetic analysis. This work of Marine Science will greatly expand knowledge of the taxonomy, ecology and distribution of the stylasterid fauna from this area. Recovery of coral growth rates and reef carbonate budget after severe bleaching events at Lizard Island Dr Chiara Pisapia Climate change impacts, notably coral bleaching, have & Dr Steve Doo recently transformed reef landscapes around the world. 2018 Lizard Island Postdoctoral Fellowship For the first time in history, the Great Barrier Reef California State University Northridge experienced back-to-back severe bleaching events in the summers of 2016 and 2017. Assessing recovery of Lizard Island Reef community structure How a reef recovers from disturbances, its resilience, and function following multiple depends partly on the ability of surviving and newly-settled successive stress events corals to grow. As such, the growth rates of coral species Climate change is increasing the severity of chronic and have often been used as an indicator of reef health. Growth acute disturbances such as cyclones, bleaching, and ocean rates of corals increase as temperature increases until an acidification, thus threatening the persistence of coral optimum level is reached. The optimum temperature is often reefs. While the effects of climate change on coral reef close to the long-term summer maximum of a location. communities have been well-documented, recovery rates Kirsten’s PhD research at Lizard Island in 2012-2014, before and trajectories of community structure, function and the bleaching events, found that the growth rate of branching reef-scale carbonate production remain unclear. corals in winter were equal to or faster than in summer. This suggests that corals were already being pushed passed their Chiara and Steve both did field work for their PhDs at thermal optimum during non-bleaching summers. Kristen LIRS and Steve was a 2015 Ian Potter Doctoral Fellow. will now assess and monitor seasonal variability in the growth In this project, they will combine their areas of expertise of corals following the bleaching events and determine to quantify changes on the reefs at Lizard Island as result changes in reef carbonate production. of repeated stress events since 2014: two major cyclones and unprecedented mass coral bleaching.

Dr Daniela Pica They will use multiple historical data sets collected by themselves and others to advance our understanding of how 2018 John & Laurine Proud such stresses affect reef-scale calcification by measuring Postdoctoral Fellowship changes in both community structure (benthic cover and Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy composition) and reef-scale metabolism. This will provide insights into potential mechanisms of reef recovery by Stylasterid corals at Lizard Island linking the quantity and type of organisms on the reef Stylasterid corals, commonly known to the chemistry of the water over the two-year study. as lace corals, are in the same phylum (Cnidaria) as ‘true’ corals but they are on a different branch of the evolutionary tree. Stylasterids provide a similar Plastics Pollution Research Grants ecological function to true corals because they have a hard, Plastic waste in the marine environment is a major problem branched skeleton that forms habitat for other organisms. world-wide. Thanks to funding from the Rossi Foundation, Stylasterids are the second most diverse group of skeleton- for the first time the LIRRF is able to support research forming cnidarians after the true corals. While the stylasterid investigating an aspect of the relationship between plastic fauna has been revised and studied in deep water and in waste and the organisms, habitat, and/or the processes of temperate areas, only scattered information is available for coral reefs. The projects being funded will determine where shallow tropical areas. Australian stylasterids are particularly microplastics are most prevalent at Lizard Island and how poorly known. Among them are eight shallow-water species they impact marine life. 8

Marina Santana In 2017, Bridie found that juvenile damselfish consumed microplastics at highly variable rates. This grant will allow 2018 Rossi Foundation Plastics her to investigate whether microplastic ingestion affects the Pollution Grant likelihood of fishes surviving the critical period of settlement College of Science and Engineering, when they transition from the pelagic to reef community. She James Cook University will focus on how consumption of microplastics may alter the attributes of fish that determine their survival. She will also Assessing the ecological risks of plastic seek to resolve whether potential behavioural effects in fish pollution to coral reef environments are due to mechanical stress or to cognitive impairment from Coral reef organisms are at risk of ingesting microplastics chemical constituents found within microplastic particles. through contaminated water and sediments. However, we know very little about which types of reef organisms are at risk and what mechanisms influence the likelihood COTS Control Grants of impacts. Marina’s research will address these Outbreaks of Crown-of-Thorns starfish (COTS) are a major knowledge gaps. cause in the decline of coral cover in many locations throughout the Indo-West Pacific, including the Great Barrier She will quantify the distribution and abundance of microplastic Reef. During periodic population outbreaks, densities of contamination in the water and sediments at Lizard Island, COTS can increase from normally very low to extremely high providing a baseline for this emerging threat. She will also resulting in a dramatic decrease coral cover due to their survey a range of benthic animals such as sea cucumbers and feeding activities. Given all the challenges facing coral reefs, sponges to find out how much, if any, microplastic is ingested managing predation by COTS is one step we can take to help by them in the wild. If microplastics are found to be eaten protect corals. An Ian Potter Foundation 50th Anniversary by some species as predicted, Marina will then investigate Commemorative Grant was awarded to the LIRRF in 2014 how the animals handle their encounters with microplastics. and since then 13 grants have been awarded. Research For example, are microplastics ingested randomly along with undertaken in 2017 and funded for 2018 includes: natural particles or are they preferred or avoided? When ingested, is there any attempt to reject microplastic particles? 2017 Morgan Pratchett (ARC Centre of Excellence for If retained by the animal, what happens then? This research will Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University) help to assess the ecological risk of microplastics in coral reef Microhabitat preferences and post-settlement environments and inform management. demography for juvenile Crown-of-Thorns Starfish. 2017 Ciemon Caballes (ARC Centre of Excellence for Dr Bridie Allan Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University) Quantifying key reproductive and recruitment 2018 Rossi Foundation Plastics parameters to improve COTS connectivity models. Pollution Grant Institute of Marine Science, Norway 2017 Sven Uthicke (Australian Institute of Marine Science) Testing eDNA as a new monitoring tool for a) early The effect of microplastic pollution outbreak detection, b) investigating larval biology, and c) on phenotypic determinates of identifying invertebrate predators. selective mortality in coral reef fish 2018 Maria Byrne (University of Sydney) & Jonathan Allen Plastic waste in the sea breaks down into smaller and (College of William & Mary, USA) smaller particles and microplastic particles (smaller than Assessing the causes and prevalence of cloning in larval 5mm diameter) are now a dominant and ubiquitous feature Crown-of-Thorns Seastars: implications for estimating of marine environments. Because microplastics occupy and modelling dispersal potential. the same size fraction as many marine prey items, they are often mistaken as a food source. Plastic ingestion has 2018 Frederieke Kroon (Australian Institute of been observed across many taxa, including corals and Marine Science) fishes. Ingestion of microplastics may cause harm through Informing COTS control through understanding COTS mechanically derived internal damage or toxicity arising from predation pressure by fish and fisheries species. the release of chemicals. The effects of pollutants are often Additional grants will be available for 2019. most extreme in the vulnerable early life stages of marine organisms, where their characteristics of high metabolic rates, high activity and consumption lead to an increased chance of encountering microplastics. Any factor that modifies early mortality rates can lead to major changes in the numbers reaching later life stages. Oppposite A Common Lionfish, Pterois volitans 9 10

Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation

FOUNDER TRUSTEE EMERITUS Dr Ronnie Harding SCIENCE Ms Kate Hayward The late Sir John Proud Mr Kenneth Coles AM COMMITTEE Mr Chris Joscelyne Mr Vivian King 1 Dr Penny Berents (Chair) PATRONS TRUSTEES Mrs Wendy King 2 Mr Charlie Shuetrim AM Dr Rebecca Johnson Mr Andrew Green Mr David Shannon Mr James Kirby Dr Lyle Vail AM Dr Des Griffin AM (Chairman) Prof Lynne Madden Dr Anne Hoggett AM Mr Raymond Kirby AO Mr Charlie Shuetrim AM Ms Kim McKay AO Dr Lynne Madden Mrs Jacqueline Loomis (Chairman, Appeal Mrs Heather Power

The Ian Potter Foundation Committee) Mr Robert Purves AM AM Mr Graham Sherry OAM Mr Robert Purves Mr David Armstrong The Science Committee thanks Thyne Reid Foundation Dr Penny Berents Ms Helen Wellings Australian Museum staff Dr Shane Ahyong and Dr Mandy Reid for their Prof Frank Talbot AM Mr James Bildner 1 Resigned in 2017 assistance in assessing Fellowship Ms Belinda Gibson 2 New Trustee in 2017 applications.

The Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation is an independent trust established in 1978 to conduct and support scientific research at LIRS and elsewhere on the Great Barrier Reef. Bequests Zoltan Florian died in April 2017 at the age of 87. Zoli ran the light microscope unit at James Cook University for decades, developing optical equipment and providing technical solutions to complex problems to advance coral reef research. He was involved with LIRS from its earliest days and for many years he travelled to the island to service the station’s microscopes pro bono. In a cruel twist of fate, Zoli lost his sight more than 10 years ago. He left a generous bequest to our Foundation to fund a new Fellowship to be The late Geraldine and Trevor Haworth in 2000. named in his honour. Geraldine Haworth died in June 2015, a few days short of Board changes her 85th birthday. She and her late husband Trevor were also wonderful supporters of the Station and the Foundation. Vivian King retired from the Board this year after many years Trevor served as a Trustee for many years. Their family of service and his wife Wendy King took up the seat. Wendy company, Captain Cook Cruises, operated a ship between is the daughter of the late Charles Warman who was one Cairns and Lizard Island. They always gave unstintingly of of the original Trustees, so another long history of family their time and resources, as well as being substantial donors. involvement in the Foundation continues. We thank Vivian for Geraldine continued that generosity by leaving a bequest his contribution and warmly welcome Wendy to the Board. to our Foundation which we received in July 2017. Vivian and Wendy are also Life Members of the Foundation. 11

2 May – Science and Cocktails at the Australian Museum. Dr Alex Vail was the guest speaker, presenting his research into cooperative hunting between coral trout and moray eels and the reasons behind his recent career change to natural history filmmaking. A highlight of the event was a donation made to the Foundation by 6-year old Julian Perros through his own fundraising efforts.

3 May – Melbourne Dinner. Dr Vail repeated his presentation for our Melbourne Members and Friends.

Donations The significant coral loss from the Crown-of-Thorns Starfish, tropical storms and bleaching sea temperatures makes The late Zoli Florian, pictured here during a visit to LIRS in 1993. scientific research more urgent and important than ever. Not just for the corals, but also in relation to the countless other species in the Reef ecosystem. LIRRF operates with very low overhead costs, providing a highly efficient channel Projects and equipment funded for donations to support science on the Reef. The Lizard by LIRRF in 2017 Island Research Station would not exist and could not continue without donor support. – The LIRS Fellowships and Grants programs as outlined in previous sections Various options for donating are available online at – Construction of the John Gough Cyclone Shelter lirrf.org/donate. All donations of $2 or more are tax – Replacement of outboard motors deductible in Australia. – Lizard Island Field Guide and associated mobile applications (page 12) – New undergraduate internship program (page 12) Lizard Island Resort – Satellite tags to record long-distance movements The luxurious Lizard Island Resort provides an exceptional of marlin, thanks to the Teakle Foundation. base from which to experience the Great Barrier Reef. Owned and operated by Delaware North, the Resort is a lirrf.org long-term supporter of the Research Station and the Foundation. Members and Friends of the LIRRF can benefit The Foundation’s web site, lirrf.org, is the place to go to from two generous Resort offers: make a secure online donation, find out more about why it is important do so, and read posts on science and scientists 1. Win a three-night stay at the Resort for two people. funded through LIRRF. You can also subscribe to receive Donors of $100 or more in the financial year to 30 June occasional email updates. 2018 will be included in a draw for this wonderful prize that includes return transfers by light aircraft from Cairns, accommodation, meals, beverages and more. Conditions Members and Friends apply – see lirrf.org.

Members donate $1,000 or more in a 12 month period 2. A 20% discount for LIRRF Members at the Resort. Current and Friends give a lower amount. Life Members donate at LIRRF Members (i.e. those who have made a donation of least $100,000 which may be spread over several years. $1,000 or more in the last 12 months) qualify for a 20% Please see the inside back cover for this year’s Members. discount on any stay of 3 or more nights at the Resort, except in the last week of October and in the Christmas-New Year Events period. See lirrf.org for information about making a booking. Donations can be made through lirrf.org. All donations of The Foundation hosted three events for Members and guests $2 or more are tax deductible in Australia. during 2017 to thank them for their continuing support and to provide updates on the Reef and Lizard Island Science. When you are on the island, please be sure to visit the Research Station to see how your donation is being put 11 January – Aboard True North. Marine scientist Dr Andy to good use. For more information about the Resort, Lewis delivered a presentation to LIRRF Members and Friends visit lizardisland.com. in Sorrento Harbour. Dr Lewis has done research at the Station and contributed images and information to the Lizard Island Field Guide. 12

For the record

Lizard Island Field Guide Staff About 360 species were added to Lizard Island Field Guide Lyle Vail and Anne Hoggett completed 27 years as joint (LIFG) during 2017. It now has 2,160 species with photographs Directors in August 2017. They were honoured to be awarded and other information. The total number of species known the 2017 Australian Museum Research Institute Medal at from the area is now more than 7,000 so there is still a long the Eureka Prizes awards dinner at the Sydney Town Hall in way to go to document them all. August. This award recognises Anne and Lyle’s many years of dedication to LIRS and their contributions to improving our Thanks to the many people and organisations who make understanding of the reef ecosystem. it happen: the LIRRF for its continuing financial support; a grant from The Ian Potter Foundation that has enabled Marianne Dwyer and John Williamson completed their authoritative identification of coral photos this year; Geoff second year as maintenance staff in March 2017. Former Shuetrim (Gaia Guide Association) who developed and maintenance staff, Lance and Marianne Pearce returned continues to improve the backbone of the system; Anne to fill-in when Marianne and John were on leave. Hoggett (LIRS) who oversees the quality and development of content; scientific experts for their specialist input; Internships interested people who contribute photos and observations; and the people who enter data. A new internship program for Australian undergraduate students began this year thanks to support from the Lizard The Guide is at http://lifg.australianmuseum.net.au/ Island Reef Research Foundation. Selected through a Hierarchy.html and free mobile applications are available competitive process, four students in marine-related fields for Apple and Android platforms. each spent about a month at LIRS during 2017. – James Mellor, Deakin University – Natalie Meiklejohn, University of Queensland – Eleanor Henderson, University of Technology Sydney – Sam Wines, Deakin University

Left Built to endure and protect, the new John Gough Cyclone Shelter is designed They had the opportunity to undertake training courses, obtain to withstand any cyclone and is located well above the maximum modelled storm surge height. Right PhD student intern Samantha Aird searching for archaeological technical qualifications, and develop their skills and knowledge sites. by assisting with research and with the running of LIRS. 13

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I feel extremely privileged to have been given this Australian Museum staff members Mark McGrouther, opportunity, as I believe the skills and knowledge gained Tracey McVea and Serena Todd won a staff recognition award during my internship program have given me a head start that enabled them to visit LIRS, during which they assisted as in pursuing a career in research. It’s very difficult as an volunteers. It is always great to have AM staff at the station. undergraduate student to gain such firsthand practical Other volunteers in 2017 were: Kailey Bissell, Philip Clark, experience, and I am so grateful to the Lizard Island Reef Alexey Deyneko, Dario Dieterich, Inga Kovalevskaya, Alejandra Research Foundation for providing me, and others like Munoz, Pauline Narvaez, Becky Nedelec, Brendan Nedelec, me, this fantastic opportunity. Natalie Meiklejohn Alain Roche, Christine Smith, and Michelle Tridgell.

The ongoing postgraduate student internship program We sincerely thank all of these people for their valued provides extended access to field and aquarium facilities contributions to LIRS. for PhD students who assist LIRS staff for 12 hours per week in lieu of bench fees for at least three months. Bench fees Archaeology PhD student Samantha Aird of James Cook Per person per night, 2017 2018 University was the postgraduate intern this year. Including GST

Researcher $ 142.00 $ 145.00 Volunteers Researcher’s assistant $ 126.50 $ 129.00 Postgrad student (own project) $ 55.00 $ 56.00 LIRS relies upon volunteers to help keep it in really good Postgrad’s assistant $ 50.00 $ 51.00 shape. This includes some who come every year and have School or university group $ 90.00 $ 92.00 carved out their own niches. This year, as for many years, Media $ 213.00 $ 217.50 Renie and Snow Amos, Lois Wilson and Terry Ford continued Commercial $ 267.00 $ 272.00 to assist us, and Sue Lawrence volunteered for the second year in a row. Continuing another long relationship, Charlie Makray again provided excellent first aid training to all LIRS staff on site without charge. 14 15

Oppposite Dr Thomas DeCarlo (2017 John and Laurine Proud Postdoctoral Fellow) and Anton Kuret Visitors taking a core from a massive Porites colony at Yonge Reef that will be used to reconstruct past temperatures. in 2017

Scientists from 31 institutions in thermal stress histories on the Great 9 countries conducted 74 research Senior scientists Barrier Reef projects at Lizard Island in 2017 and postdocs 7 comprising: 58 senior scientists or Maria del Mar Palacios Trond Amundsen 22 postdocs, 25 PhD candidates, 5 MSc The effect of habitat degradation on Coral bleaching: effects on fishes candidates, 2 Honours candidates reef fish 7 and 5 undergraduate research Kristen Anderson King Guillermo Diaz-Pulido 6 students. The researchers are listed Recovery of coral growth after Coralline algae evolution and ocean here with their project titles and bleaching across multiple scales acidification institutional affiliations. 20 Esther Angert Tiago Repolho 27 Exploring circadian cycles in intestinal Mutual change: Bio-ecological Institutions bacteria of surgeonfish responses of marine cleaning mutualisms to climate change Australian Andrew Baird 1, 7 1, 7 1 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Andrew Hoey Jennifer Donelson 7 Reef Studies Post-bleaching recovery of coral Rebecca Fox 15 2 Australian Institute of Marine Science populations Megan Head 4 3 Australian Museum 28 Behavioural thermoregulation of coral 4 Australian National University Sandra Binning reef fish 5 Curtin University Repeatibility of lateralization behaviour in damselfish 6 Griffith University Miriam Henze 12 7 James Cook University 12 Rick Braley Justin Marshall 8 Macquarie University Andrew Lewis Colour and polarization processing in 9 Monash University stomatopods 10 RMIT University independent researchers Long-term population dynamics of 11 Southern Cross University Bruce Jenkins 3 giant clams at Lizard Island 12 University of Queensland Taxonomic, phylogenetic and 13 University of Sydney Redouan Bshary 28 biogeographical studies in the mollusc 14 University of Tasmania Cooperative and cognitive aspects families Siphonariidae, Onchidiidae 15 University of Technology Sydney of cleaning symbiosis and Ellobiidae 16 University of Western Australia 17 University of Wollongong Daniela Ceccarelli, Sjannie Lefevre Nilsson 31 31 International independent researcher Goran Nilsson Temporal dynamics and response Physiological responses to hypoxia of 18 Auckland University of Technology (NZ) to disturbance in coral and fish the Humpback Conch 19 Arkansas State University (USA) communities at Lizard Island 20 Cornell University (USA) Damaris Torres-Pulliza 21 Institute of Marine Research (Norway) Wen-Sung Chung 12 as field leader for Elizabeth Madin 8 22 Norwegian University of Science and Justin Marshall 12 High-frequency patch reef halo Technology (Norway) Cephalopod vision - comparative neural monitoring 23 School for International Training (USA) anatomy of coastal cephalopods 24 Scripps Institution of Oceanography (USA) Joshua Madin 8 25 University of Auckland (NZ) Kendall Clements 25 Maria Dornelas 30 26 University of Exeter (UK) Howard Choat 7 Andrew Baird 1, 7 27 University of Lisbon (Portugal) Nutritional ecology of parrotfishes Cyclone and bleaching coral recovery 28 University of Neuchâtel (Switzerland) 29 University of Saskatchewan (Canada) Thomas DeCarlo 16 Mark McCormick 7 30 University of St Andrews (UK) Malcolm McCulloch 16 Bridie Allan 21 31 University of Oslo (Norway) Reconstructing coral growth and Effects of boat noise on fishes 16

Mark McCormick 7 Sean Ulm 7 Tim Gordon 26 Fish and benthic survey of Lizard Island Ian McNiven 9 The influence of bleaching on auditory Christian Reepmeyer 7 preferences of coral reef fish (PhD) Mark McCormick 7 Karen Joyce 7 Doug Chivers 29 Alexia Graba-Landry 7 Lizard Island Archaeological Project Maud Ferrari 29 The effect of increasing temperature The influence of reef degradation of Sven Uthicke 2 on fish-seaweed interactions on coral predator-prey interactions Testing eDNA as a new monitoring tool reefs (PhD) for early detection of Crown-of-Thorns Lauren Nadler 24 Naomi Green 12 Starfish outbreaks Effect of habitat degradation and Seeing and responding to colour chemical alarm cues on fast-start Sue-Ann Watson 7 signals (PhD) escape performance in fish schools Effects of bleaching on giant clams Emily Guevara 12 12 Sophie Nedelec Lindsey White 19 with supervisor Karen Cheney 26 Steve Simpson Remote sensing using UAVs to map coral Highly contrasting outlines increase Impacts of motorboat noise on coral reef habitat detectability by predators (MSc) reef fish reproduction and survival Maureen Ho 6 Alexandra Ordonez Alvarez 6 Postgraduate The role of macroalgae and their Guillermo Diaz-Pulido 6 different carbon uptake strategies (PhD) Catriona Hurd 4 research students Sofia Jain-Schlaepfer 7 Coralline algae evolution and ocean Samantha Aird 7 Effect of vessel noise on coral reef fish acidification Long-term Aboriginal resource use (MSc) Michael Rasheed 7 on the Great Barrier Reef (PhD) Emily Lester 16 Paul York 7 Luis Gomez 6 with supervisor Mark Meekan 2 Seagrass and herbivore interactions Ecological interactions between Fear in fish: quantifying risk effects Zoe Richards 5 crustose coralline algae and early life behaviour in coral reef fish (PhD) Coral communities at Lizard Island stages of seaweeds and corals (PhD) Zoe Loffler 1, 7 following cyclones and bleaching Randall Barry 7 Canopy-forming macroalgae on coral Dominique Roche 28 Effect of coral degradation on reefs: dynamics and herbivory (PhD) Tim Clark 14 chemical alarm cue response in Martin Luehrmann 12 To what extent do fish voluntarily exert coral fishes (Hons) Visual ecology of cardinalfishes (PhD) themselves to obtain prey? Antoine Baud 28 Caitlin Maling 13 Isaac Santos 11 Short-term physiological responses Fish work: a collection of poems (PhD) Anna Scott 11 of striated surgeonfish Ctenochaetus Estimation of coral ecosystem striatus during interactions with the Kieran McCloskey 26 calcification following a bleaching event cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus Impacts of motorboat noise on (MSc) reproduction in Pomacentrus Anna Scott 11 amboinensis (PhD) Marian Wong 17 Ellie Bergstrom 6 Finding Nemo's personalities Biological traits responsible for Jamie McWilliam 5 acclimation/adaptation of coralline The pulse of a coral reef: using Jeff Shimeta algae to ocean acidification (PhD) acoustic survey as a tool for monitoring as field leader for Andrew Ball 10 coral reef ecosystems in a changing Evaluating the environmental impact 13 Nader Boutros climate (PhD) of sunscreens (extension of Port Phillip Spatial surveys of reef fish (PhD) Bay project) Patrick Monarca 15 Viviana Brambilla 30 The thermal ecology and physiology of Paul Sikkel 18 Coral reef niche construction: mobile reef fishes (Hons) 12 Alexandra Grutter quantifying patterns (PhD) with Derek Sun, Genevieve Phillips Renato Morais Araujo 7 and Pauline Narvaez as field leaders Kaycee Davis 11 Structural complexity effects on fish The role of micropredators and Estimation of coral ecosystem productivity over multiple spatial cleaning behaviour in coral reef calcification following a bleaching scales: the influence of cyclone damage fish communities event (PhD) and massive bleaching events (PhD) 17

Tessa Page 6 Alejandra Munoz 23 Media Transcriptomic responses to future Coral bleaching and the effects ARD German TV environmental changes in crustose of disturbances on the damselfish Claudia Schildknecht (independent coralline algae from different community at Lizard Island, Australia photographer) evolutionary histories (PhD) Karen McGhee (Australian Geographic) Claire Murphy 23 First aid training José Paula 27 The growth and herbivory of Sargassum Charlie Makray Mutual change: Bio-ecological propagules across habitats of a Lizard Julie Armour responses of marine cleaning Island reef mutualisms to climate change (PhD) AM staff recognition award 23 Maggie Travis Mark McGrouther 28 Melvyn Staiff The impact of boat noise on the Tracy Mcvea Interannual repeatability of intra- early development and survival of Serena Todd individual variation in cooperation Acanthochromis polyacanthus levels by adult Bluestreak Cleaner Environment groups Jess Vorse 23 Gemma Borgo-Caratti Wrasse (MSc) Gnathiid isopods morphological Luke Sweet Robert Streit 7 development and feeding habits Kelly Mackenzie Benthic feeding video grids (PhD) according to their temporal activities (Australian Youth Conservation Council) (diurnal vs. nocturnal) David Ritter Cassandra Thompson Ariana Neumann 7 with supervisor Morgan Pratchett Sidney French Effects of coral loss on reproductive Undergraduate interns (Greenpeace) biology and population viability of James Mellor butterflyfishes (MSc) Australian Institute of Marine Science Natalie Meiklejohn GBROOS maintenance team Damaris Torres-Pulliza 8 Eleanor Henderson GBR Foundation A multi-scale approach for quantifying Sam Wines Staff habitat complexity of coral reef from space (PhD) Student groups Zegni Triki 28 Barker College with supervisor Redouan Bshary 28 Led by Tim Binet, Sarah Cormio Cleaners' strategic sophistication after and Brianna Callum El Niño (PhD) Geelong College Preparatory School Cedric Van Den Berg 12 Three groups led by Marita Seaton, Luminance detection and Yannick Lairs, Ben Robbins, Rhonda discrimination thresholds in the Browne, Tim Colbert, Georgina Rolls Picasso Triggerfish (PhD) and Reef Ecotours staff Loretta White 25 RMIT University Modification of Fucoida by the hindgut Led by Jeff Shimeta, Nathan Bott, microbes of seaweed-eating fish (PhD) Gale Spring and David Heathcote Rachael Woods 8 School for International Training Cyclone mapping project - coral Two groups led by Tony Cummings, recruitment on mapped sites (PhD) Vanessa Messmer and David Sellars

Undergraduate Other visitors research students Contractors Melina Keighron 23 Peter Mullins (cyclone shelter design) The fine-scale feeding selectivity Allan Ross (microscope service) of herbivorous fishes on Sargassum Change to Engie (airconditioning) and Turbinaria ornata on the Great Bryant (cyclone shelter construction) Barrier Reef Stratford Painting 18 19

Oppposite Featherstars and other invertebrates Publications near Lizard Island.

In 2017, 102 publications based on work Journal of Operational Oceanography, 17. Bryson, M., R. Ferrari, W. Figueira, carried out at LIRS were received into 10(1): 16-29. O. Pizarro, J. Madin, S. Williams and the collection as listed below. There are M. Byrne, 2017. Characterization of 9. Binning, S.A., O. Rey, S. Wismer, now more than 2,050 LIRS publications. measurement errors using structure- Z. Triki, G. Glauser, M.C. Soares and from-motion and photogrammetry 1. Aguado, M.T., C. Noreña, L. Alcaraz, R. Bshary, 2017. Reputation to measure marine habitat structural D. Marquina, F. Brusa, C. Damborenea, management promotes strategic complexity. Ecology and Evolution, 7: B. Almon, C. Bleidorn and C. Grande, adjustment of service quality in cleaner 5669-5681. 2017. Phylogeny of Polycladida wrasse. Scientific Reports, 7: 8425. (Platyhelminthes) based on mtDNA data. 18. Caballes, C.F. and M.S Pratchett, Organisms, Diversity and Evolution, 17: 10. Blowes, S.A., M.S. Pratchett and 2017. Environmental and biological cues 767-778. S.R. Connolly, 2017. No change in subordinate butterflyfish diets following for spawning in the Crown-of-Thorns 2. Ahyong, S.T., 2001. Revision of removal of behaviourally dominant Starfish. PLoS One, 12(3): e0173964. the stomatopod Crustacea. Records species. Coral Reefs, 36: 213-222. 19. Caballes, C.F., M.S. Pratchett and of the Australian Museum, Supplement A.C.E. Buck, 2017. Interactive effects 26: 1-326. 11. Blowes, S.A., M.S. Pratchett and S.R. Connolly, 2017. Aggression, of endogenous and exogenous nutrition 3. Aird, S.M. 2014. Assessing mid-to- interference, and the functional on larval development for Crown-of- late Holocene predation of Conomurex response of coral-feeding Thorns Starfish. Diversity, 9(1): 15. luhuanus and Tectus niloticus at Lizard butterflyfishes. Oecologia, 184(3): 20. Caceres-Chamizo, J.P., J. Sanner, Island, Northeastern Australia. Honours 675-684. K.J. Tilbrook and A.N. Ostrovsky, thesis, James Cook University. 12. Bogdanov, A., C. Hertzer, S. 2017. Revision of the Recent species 4. Allan, B.J.M, P. Domenici, Kehraus, S. Nietzer, S. Rohde, P.J. of Exechonella Canu & Bassler in S.-A. Watson, P.L. Munday and Schupp, H. Waegele and G.M. König, Duvergier, 1924 and Arctisecos Canu & M.I. McCormick, 2017. Warming has 2017. Secondary metabolome and its Bassler, 1927 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata):

a greater effect than elevated CO2 defensive role in the aeolidoidean systematics, biogeography and on predator–prey interactions in coral Phyllodesmium longicirrum (Gastropoda, evolutionary trends in skeletal reef fish. Proceedings of the Royal Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia). morphology. Zootaxa, 4305: 1-79. Society B, 284: 20170784. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 13: 502-519. 21. Casey, J.M., 2015. The role of 5. Allen, J.D., K.R. Schrage, S.A. territorial grazers in coral reef trophic Foo, S.-A. Watson and M. Byrne, 13. Bok, M.J., M.L. Porter and D.-E. dynamics from microbes to apex 2017. The effects of salinity and pH Nilsson, 2017. Phototransduction in predators. PhD thesis, James Cook on fertilization, early development, fanworm radiolar eyes. Current Biology, University. and hatching in the Crown-of-Thorns 27(14): R698-R699. Seastar. Diversity 9(1): 13. 22. Chartrand K.M., C.V. Bryant, A. 14. Bok, M.J., M.L. Porter, H.A. Sozou, P.J. Ralph and M.A. Rasheed, 6. Anderson, K.D., 2016. Temporal Ten Hove, R. Smith and D.-E. Nilsson, 2017. Final Report: Deep-water and spatial variation in the growth of 2017. Radiolar eyes of serpulid worms seagrass dynamics-Light requirements, branching corals. PhD thesis, James (Annelida, Serpulidae): structures, seasonal change and mechanisms Cook University. function, and phototransduction. of recruitment. Centre for Tropical Biological Bulletin, 233: 39-57. 7. Anderson, K.D., N.E. Cantin, S.F. Water & Aquatic Ecosystem Research Heron, C. Pisapia and M.S. Pratchett, 15. Brandl, S.J., 2016. Functional (TropWATER) Publication, James Cook 2017. Variation in growth rates of niche partitioning in herbivorous University, Report No 17/16. Cairns, branching corals along Australia’s Great coral reef fishes. PhD thesis, James 67 pp. Barrier Reef. Scientific Reports, 7: 2920. Cook University. 23. Cheney, K.L., F. Cortesi and 8. Bainbridge, S.J., 2017. Temperature 16. Brooker, R.M., T.L. Sih and D.L. H. Nilsson Skold, 2017. Regulation, and light patterns at four reefs along Dixson, 2017. Contact with seaweed constraints and benefits of colour the Great Barrier Reef during the 2015- alters prey selectivity in a coral-feeding plasticity in a mimicry system. Biological 2016 austral summer: understanding reef fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Journal of the Linnean Society, 122: patterns of observed coral bleaching. 580: 239-244. 385-393. 20

24. Chivers, D.P., M.I. McCormick, D.T. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 284: 40. Grutter, A.S., S.P. Blomberg, Warren, B.J.M. Allan, R.A. Ramasamy, 20162758. B. Fargher, A.M. Kuris, M.I. McCormick B.K. Arvizu, M. Glue and M.C.O. and R.R. Warner, 2017. Size-related Ferrari, 2017. Competitive superiority 32. Ferrari, M.C.O., M.I. McCormick, mortality due to gnathiid isopod versus predation savvy: the two sides M.D. Mitchell, B.J.M. Allan, E.J. micropredation correlates with of behavioural lateralization. Animal Gonçalves and D.P. Chivers, 2017. Daily settlement size in coral reef fishes. Behaviour, 130: 9-15. variation in behavioural lateralization is Coral Reefs, 36(2): 549-559. linked to predation stress in a coral reef 25. Clark, T.D., D.G. Roche, fish. Animal Behaviour, 133: 189-193. 41. Hall, A.E., 2015. Top-down S.A. Binning, B. Speers-Roesch and control, trophic interactions, and the J. Sundin, 2017. Maximum thermal 33. Ferrari, M.C.O., M.I. McCormick, importance of predatory interactions limits of coral reef damselfishes are S.-A. Watson, M.G. Meekan, P.L. on coral reefs. PhD thesis, James size dependent and resilient to near- Munday and D.P. Chivers, 2017. Cook University. future ocean acidification. Journal of Predation in high CO2 waters: prey fish Experimental Biology, 220: 3519-3526. from high-risk environments are less 42. Harrison, H.B., M.S. Pratchett, susceptible to ocean acidification. V. Messmer, P. Saenz-Agudelo and Microsatellites 26. Coker, D.J., J.P. Nowicki and Integrative and Comparative Biology, M.L. Berumen, 2017. N.A.J. Graham, 2017. Influence of coral reveal genetic homogeneity among 57: 55-62. cover and structural complexity on the outbreak populations of Crown-of- accuracy of visual surveys of coral- 34. Ferrari, R., 2017. The hidden Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris) reef fish communities. Journal of Fish structure in coral reefs. Coral Reefs, on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. Biology, 90: 2425-2433. 36: 445. Diversity, 9(1): 16.

27. Cowan, Z.L., M. Pratchett, 35. Ferrari, R., W.F. Figueira, 43. Hata, T., J.S. Madin, V.R. Cumbo, V. Messmer and S. Ling, 2017. Known M.S. Pratchett, T. Boube, A. Adam, M. Denny, J. Figueiredo, S. Harii, predators of Crown-of-Thorns Starfish T. Kobelkowsky-Vidrio, S.S. Doo, C.J. Thomas and A.H. Baird, 2017. (Acanthaster spp.) and their role in T.B Atwood and M. Byrne, 2017. Coral larvae are poor swimmers and mitigating, if not preventing, population 3D photogrammetry quantifies growth require fine-scale reef structure to outbreaks. Diversity 9(1): 7. and external erosion of individual settle. Scientific Reports, 7: 2249. 28. Cowan, Z.-L., S.D. Ling, coral colonies and skeletons. 44. He, S., J.L. Johansen, A.S. Hoey, S.A. Dworjanyn, C.F. Caballes and Scientific Reports, 7: 1637. M.K. Pappas and M.L. Berumen, 2017. Interspecific Molecular confirmation of hybridization M.S. Pratchett, 2017. 36. Garcia, M., C. Edmiston, variation in potential importance of between Dascyllus reticulatus x R. Marinov, A. Vail and V. Gruev, 2017. planktivorous damselfishes as predators Dascyllus aruanus from the Great Bio-inspired color-polarization imager of Acanthaster sp. eggs. Coral Reefs, Barrier Reef. Marine Biodiversity, doi for real-time in situ imaging. Optica, 36: 653-661. 10.1007/s12526-017-0819-8. 4(10): 9 pp. 29. Diaz, P.E., S.C. Cutmore and 45. Holmes, L.J., J. McWilliam, 37. Gingins, S., D.G. Roche and T.H. Cribb, 2017. Four new species M.C.O. Ferrari and M.I. McCormick, R. Bshary, 2017. Mutualistic cleaner of Paradiscogaster Yamaguti, 1934 2017. Juvenile damselfish are affected fish maintains high escape performance (Digenea: Faustulidae) from batfishes but desensitize to small motor boat despite privileged relationship with (Perciformes: Ephippidae) on the Great noise. Journal of Experimental Marine predators. Proceedings of the Royal Barrier Reef, Australia. Systematic Biology and Ecology, 494: 63-68. Parasitology, 94: 339-349. Society B, 284(1853): 20162469. 46. Hoogenboom, M.O., G.E. Frank, 30. Duris, Z. and I. Horka, 2017. 38. Goatley, C.H.R., A. Gonzalez- T.J. Chase, S. Jurriaans, M. Álvarez- Towards a revision of the genus Cabello and D.R. Bellwood, 2017. Noriega, K. Peterson, K. Critchell, Periclimenes: resurrection of Small cryptopredators contribute to K.L.E. Berry, K.J. Nicolet, B. Ramsby Ancylocaris Schenkel, 1902, and high predation rates on coral reefs. and A.S. Paley, 2017. Environmental designation of three new genera Coral Reefs, 36(1): 207-212. drivers of variation in bleaching severity (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae). of Acropora species during an extreme 39. Grutter, A.S., M. De Brauwer, ZooKeys, 646: 25-44. thermal anomaly. Frontiers in Marine R. Bshary, K.L. Cheney, T.H. Cribb, Science, 4: 376. 31. Ferrari, M.C.O., M.I. McCormick, E.M.P. Madin, E.C. McClure, M.G. B.J.M. Allan and D.P. Chivers, 2017. Meekan, D. Sun, R.R. Warner, J. 47. Huston, D.C, S,C. Cutmore and Not equal in the face of habitat Werminghausen and P.C. Sikkel, 2017. T.H. Cribb, 2017. Molecular phylogeny change: closely related fishes differ Parasite infestation increases on coral of the Haplosplanchnata Olson, Cribb, in their ability to use predation- reefs without cleaner fish. Coral Reefs, Tkach, Bray and Littlewood, 2003, with related information in degraded coral. 37(1): 15-24. a description of Schikhobalotrema 21

huffmani n. sp. Acta Parasitologica, The genus Haplosyllis Langerhans, 1879. 66. McWilliam, J.N., R.D. McCauley, 62(3): 502-512. Zootaxa, 2552: 1-36. C. Erbe and M.J.G. Parsons, 2017. Soundscape diversity in the 48. Jeffery, N.W., E.A. Ellis, Effects of 57. Lienart, G.-D.H., 2016. Great Barrier Reef: Lizard Island, T.H. Oakley, and T.R. Gregory, temperature and food availability on a case study. Bioacoustics, doi: 2017. The genome sizes of ostracod the antipredator behaviour of coral 10.1080/09524622.2017.1344930. crustaceans correlate with body size reef fishes. PhD thesis, James Cook and evolutionary history, but not University. 67. Mendoza-Franko, E.F., S.A. environment. Journal of Heredity, Binning and D.G. Roche, 2017. New 2017: 1-6. 58. Lin, C. and T.W. Cronin, 2017. and previously described dactylogyrid Two visual systems in one eyestalk: species (Monogenoidea: Polyonchoinea) 49. Johansen, J., S. He, M.K. Pappas, the unusual optic lobe metamorphosis and a gastrocotylinean pre-adult M.L. Berumen, G. Frank and A.S. in the stomatopod Alima pacifica. (Heteronchoinea) from pomacentrid Hoey, 2017. Hybridization between Developmental Neurobiology, doi damselfishes Dascyllus aruanus and and caesionid (Perciformes) fishes 10.1002/dneu.22550. D. reticulatus on the Great Barrier from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Acta Parasitologica, 62(3): Reef. Coral Reefs, 36: 717. 59. Liu, Y., and C. Erseus, 2017. New 688-698. specific primers for amplification of 50. Kerry, J.T. and D.R. Bellwood, 2017. the Internal Transcribed Spacer region Environmental drivers of sheltering 68. Messmer, V., M. Pratchett and behaviour in large reef fishes. Marine in Clitellata (Annelida). Ecology and K. Chong-Seng, 2017. Variation in Pollution Bulletin, 125: 254-259. Evolution, 7: 10421-10439. incidence and severity of injuries among Crown-of-Thorns Starfish 60. MacNeil, M.A., K.M. Chong-Seng, 51. Khan, J.A., C.H.R. Goatley, (Acanthaster cf. solaris) on Australia’s D.J. Pratchett, C.A. Thompson, S.J. Brandl, S.B. Tebbett and Great Barrier Reef. Diversity, 9(1): 12. D.R. Bellwood, 2017. Shelter use by V. Messmer and M.S. Pratchett, 2017. large reef fishes: long-term occupancy Age and growth of an outbreaking 69. Messmer, V., M.S. Pratchett, and the impacts of disturbance. Coral Acanthaster cf. solaris population within A.S. Hoey, A.J. Tobin, D.J. Coker, Reefs, 36(4): 1123-1132. the Great Barrier Reef. Diversity, 9(1): 18. S.J. Cooke and T.D. Clark, 2016. Global warming may disproportionately 52. Kingsford, M.J., M.D. O’Callaghan, 61. Manassa, R.P., 2013. Social learning affect larger adults in a predatory coral L. Liggins and G. Gerlach, 2017. The and its role in anti-predator behaviour reef fish. Global Change Biology, 23: short-lived neon damsel Pomacentrus by coral reef fishes. PhD thesis, James 2230-2240. coelestis: implications for population Cook University. dynamics. Journal of Fish Biology, 90: 70. Mitchell, L., K.L. Cheney, F. 2041-2059. 62. Martin, S.B., S.C. Cutmore and Cortesi, N.J. Marshall and M. Vorobyev, Revision of T.H. Cribb, 2017. 2017. Triggerfish uses chromaticity and 53. Kramer, M.J., 2015. Crustacea Neolebouria Gibson, 1976 (Digenea: lightness for object segregation. Royal on coral reefs: habitat associations Opecoelidae), with Trilobovarium n. Society Open Science, 4: 171440. and trophic relationships. PhD thesis, g., for species infecting tropical and James Cook University. subtropical shallow-water fishes. 71. Moreira, J. and J. Parapar, 2017. New data on the Opheliidae (Annelida) 54. Kramer, M.J., D.R. Bellwood, Systematic Parasitology, 94: 307-338. from Lizard Island (Great Barrier Reef, R.B. Taylor and O. Bellwood, 2017. 63. McCormick, M.I. and B.J.M. Allan, Benthic Crustacea from tropical and Australia): five new species of the genus 2017. Interspecific differences in how temperate reef locations: differences Armandia Filippi, 1861. Zootaxa, 4290(3): habitat degradation affects escape in assemblages and their relationship 483-502. response. Scientific Reports, 7: 426. with habitat structure. Coral Reefs, 72. Munoz, A., 2017. Coral bleaching 36(3): 971-980. 64. McCormick, M.I., R.P. Barry and and the effect of disturbances on the Algae associated 55. LaPlante, L.H., 2017. Female B.J.M. Allan, 2017. damselfish community on Lizard Island, nuptial signal advertises spawning with coral degradation affects risk Australia. School for International readiness in a population of Halichoeres assessment in coral reef fishes. Training Independent Study Project margaritaceus on the Great Barrier Scientific Reports, 7: 16937. Collection, 2639. Reef, Australia. Ichthyological Research, 65. McWilliam, J.N., R.D. McCauley, 73. Nash, K.L., 2014. Assessment of 64: 331-338. C. Erbe and M.J.G. Parsons, 2017. scale dependent function in reef fish, 56. Lattig, P., D. Martin and G. San Patterns of biophonic periodicity on and application to the evaluation of Martin, 2010. Syllinae (Syllidae: coral reefs in the Great Barrier Reef. coral reef resilience. PhD thesis, James Polychaeta) from Australia. Part 4. Scientific Reports, 7: 17459. Cook University. 22

74. Natt, M., O.M. Lonnstedt, 3D benthic mapping and monitoring. 93. Reverter, M., T.H. Cribb, M.I. McCormick, 2017. Coral reef fish Ecology and Evolution, 7: 1770-1782. S.C. Cutmore , R.A. Bray, V. Parravicini predator maintains olfactory acuity in and P. Sasal, 2017. Did biogeographical 84. Poulos, D.E., 2016. Priority effects degraded coral habitats. PLoS One, processes shape the monogenean and the dynamics of coral reef fish 12(6): e0179300. community of butterflyfishes in the assemblages. PhD thesis, James Cook tropical Indo-west Pacific region? University. 75. Nedelec, S.L., A.N. Radford, International Journal for Parasitology, L. Pearl, B. Nedelec, M.I. McCormick, 85. Pratchett, M.S., S. Dworjanyn, B. 47: 447-455. M.G. Meekan and S.D. Simpson, 2017. Mos, C.F. Caballes, C.A. Thompson and Motorboat noise impacts parental S. Blowes, 2017. Larval survivorship and 94. Richardson, L.E., N.A.J. Graham, behaviour and offspring survival in settlement of Crown-of-Thorns Starfish M.S. 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All photographs by Lyle Vail or Anne Hoggett unless otherwise indicated. Fellowship and grant winners provided own photos.

Design and production Australian Museum Design Studio

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ISSN 0729-0942

Above This species of coral, Porites cylindrica, largely survived the two recent bleaching episodes. It is common in the Lizard Island lagoon where it provides important habitat for small fishes.