Plan De Gestion 2015-2025 De La RNN De La Forêt Domaniale De Ceris

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Plan De Gestion 2015-2025 De La RNN De La Forêt Domaniale De Ceris Réserve Naturelle Nationale FORET DOMANIALE DE CERISY Plan de Gestion 2015-2025 Rédigé par Sébastien ETIENNE Unité Territoriale de Saint Lô 19 route de Coutances 50180 Agneaux Téléphone :02.33.05.74.39 Mél: [email protected] SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 5 PARTIE 1 : Etat des lieux - Etat des connaissances ................................................................... 7 1 Diagnostic de la réserve naturelle ....................................................................................... 8 1.1 Informations générales sur la réserve naturelle ........................................................... 8 1.1.1 La création de la réserve naturelle .......................................................................................... 8 1.1.2 La localisation de la réserve naturelle ..................................................................................... 9 1.1.3 Historique de la forêt .............................................................................................................. 11 1.1.4 Les limites administratives et la superficie ............................................................................ 12 1.1.5 La gestion de la réserve naturelle .......................................................................................... 13 1.1.6 Le cadre socio-économique général...................................................................................... 14 1.1.7 Les inventaires et les classements en faveur du patrimoine naturel ..................................... 14 1.2 L’environnement et le patrimoine naturel de la réserve naturelle ............................... 15 1.2.1 Le climat ................................................................................................................................. 15 1.2.2 L’eau ...................................................................................................................................... 18 1.2.3 La géologie ............................................................................................................................ 19 1.2.3.1 L’état des connaissances et des données disponibles ................................... 19 1.2.3.2 L’histoire et les formations géologiques ......................................................... 19 1.2.3.3 Les formes du relief et leur dynamique .......................................................... 23 1.2.3.4 Les sols de la réserve .................................................................................... 24 1.2.4 Les habitats naturels et les espèces...................................................................................... 27 1.2.4.1 L’état des connaissances et des données disponibles ................................... 27 1.2.4.2 Les habitats naturels ..................................................................................... 27 1.2.4.3 Les espèces animales et végétales ............................................................... 43 1.3 Le cadre socio-économique et culturel de la réserve naturelle .................................. 71 1.3.1 Les représentations culturelles de la réserve naturelle ......................................................... 71 1.3.2 Le patrimoine culturel, paysager, archéologique et historique de la réserve naturelle ......... 71 1.3.3 Le régime foncier et les infrastructures dans la réserve ........................................................ 73 1.3.4 Les activités socio-économiques dans la réserve ................................................................. 76 1.3.4.1 Les activités forestières ................................................................................. 76 1.3.4.2 La fréquentation et les activités touristiques .................................................. 79 1.3.4.3 L’exploitation de la ressource en eau et la maîtrise de l’eau .......................... 81 1.3.4.4 La chasse, la pêche ....................................................................................... 82 1.3.4.5 Les actes contrevenants et la police de la nature .......................................... 83 1.3.4.6 Les autres activités ........................................................................................ 83 1.3.4.7 Synthèse des activités socio-économiques.................................................... 84 1.4 La vocation à accueillir et l’intérêt pédagogique de la réserve naturelle .................... 85 1.4.1 Les activités pédagogiques et les équipements en vigueur .................................................. 85 1.4.2 La capacité à accueillir du public ........................................................................................... 86 1.4.3 L’intérêt pédagogique de la réserve naturelle ....................................................................... 87 1.4.4 La place de la réserve naturelle dans le réseau local ........................................................... 87 1.5 La valeur et les enjeux de la réserve naturelle .......................................................... 88 1.5.1 La valeur du patrimoine naturel de la réserve naturelle ........................................................ 88 1.5.2 Les enjeux de la réserve naturelle ......................................................................................... 89 PARTIE 2 : Les mesures de gestion ......................................................................................... 91 2 La gestion de la réserve naturelle ...................................................................................... 92 2.1 Les objectifs .............................................................................................................. 92 2.2 Les opérations .......................................................................................................... 92 2.3 La programmation du plan de gestion ......................................................................136 2.3.1 Rappel de la charge financière et en personnels du précédent plan de gestion ................ 136 2.3.2 Les besoins en dotation courante ........................................................................................ 137 2.3.3 La programmation indicative des études et suivis ............................................................... 137 PARTIE 3 : Les protocoles ......................................................................................................139 3 Les principaux protocoles mis en œuvre sur la réserve ....................................................140 3.1 Le protocole de suivi des Carabinae ........................................................................140 3.2 Le protocole de suivi des rhopalocères forestiers .....................................................143 3.3 Application du protocole STOC/EPS - Tendance .....................................................150 3.4 Application du protocole PopAmphibien ...................................................................151 3.5 Application des protocoles RNF Amphicapt et Reptiles ............................................154 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................155 BIBLIOGRAPHIE .....................................................................................................................156 LISTE DES ANNEXES ............................................................................................................162 INTRODUCTION Les enseignements de l’évaluation du plan de gestion 2009-2014 Le premier plan de gestion (1999) avait permis d'initier une gestion en faveur de la conservation du patrimoine naturel de la forêt domaniale de Cerisy, et notamment du carabe doré à reflets cuivrés. Même si plusieurs opérations n'avaient pu être réalisées, les connaissances en la matière ont progressé, et des outils de gestion commençaient à se mettre en place. Le deuxième plan de gestion (2009) portait aussi un projet ambitieux, qui tentait d'englober l'intérêt biologique de la forêt de Cerisy dans l'ensemble de ses composantes. La rédaction avec un objectif à long terme et plusieurs objectifs à moyen terme, en témoigne. La forme se voulait simple et concise avec une fiche détaillée par action et la mise en place au préalable des outils d'évaluation. Les conclusions de l'évaluation de ce plan de gestion montrent que la totalité des 35 actions ont été entreprises (mise en œuvre partielle ou entière). Toutes étaient pertinentes. Quelques formulations d’opérations sont jugées partielles. Les résultats sont majoritairement moyens à bons. L’enjeu à moyen terme (MTP1) qui consistait à intervenir sur les peuplements pour rendre les habitats plus favorables est atteint au regard du travail mené sur les îlots de vieux bois, sur les souches hautes, sur les annélations, sur les lisières… Toutes les actions de cet objectif ont été mises en œuvre entièrement, leur pertinence étant avérée. L’enjeu à moyen terme (MTP2) qui visait le développement des connaissances sur les invertébrés est atteint également grâce au travail fait sur le protocole de suivi des carabes et son volet d’analyse. Les connaissances s’accumulent et l’outil d’acquisition de cette connaissance est efficace. Ce constat reste atténué par l’absence de résultat sur les études génétiques, mais la poursuite de nos efforts finira par payer. L’enjeu à moyen terme (MTP3) sur l’originalité patrimoniale est atteint. Les actions sont
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