Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences –8102:49(6):0002-0088 Shblawy& Al-Jorany SUNN PEST SPECIES AND ITS HIBER NATION SITES IN DIYALA GOVERNORATE / IRAQ L. M .Shblawy R. S. Al-Jorany* Researcher Prof. Office of Diyala Agriculture Depa. of plant protection Dep.of plant protection Ministry of Agriculture Coll.of Agric.Uni.of Bagdhdad ABSTRACT This study was conducted in Diyala governorate/Iraq during wintering period of the sunn pest from Dece. 2016 to Feb. 2017. Three species of sunn pest was diagnostic. These species are integriceps (Puoton, 1881), E. testudinaria (Geoffory, 1785) and E .maura (len.1758).E .maura was new species recorded to Iraq funna .E. integriceps is The most abundance of the three species hibernated in the fields of the four region of Diyala governorate. The results showed that the three species of genus Eurygaster which diagnostic in Diyala governorate were overwintered as an adults under bushes ,dead leaves, weed ,date palm leaf base .The heights total number of adults(68,56,51 and 44adults/5m2) was found under cogon grass(Imperata cylindrican L.), Bermuda grass(Cyndo dactylon L.),Grape tree(Vitis vinifera L.)and Eucalyptus tree(Eucalyptus spp.) respectively. Higher densities were recorded in Muqdadiyah (200), Balad rooz (193), Kalas (113) and decreased to( 65) adults in Khanakin. Found that the higher percentage for species E. integriceps then followed E. testudinaria finally the species E. maura in all region in Diyala governorate. Key word : , ,hibernated ,diagnostic, overwintered *Post of Ph.D. dissertation of the first author

مجلة العلوم الزراعية العراقية -8102 :94)6(:0002-0088 شبالوي والجوراني انواع حشرة السونو ومناطق تشتيتيا في محافظة ديالى /العراق لقاء محمد شبالوي* رضا صكب الجوراني باحث استاذ مديرية زراعو ديالى قسم وقاية النبات كمية الزراعة جامعة بغداد المستخمص اجريت دراسة في محافظة ديالى/ العراقخالل فترة تشتية حشرة السونو من كانون االول 2016الى شباط 2017. شخصت ثالث انواع من حشرة السونو ىي (E. testudinaria (Geof.1785), (Put.1881 و(E.maura(Len.1758,والنوع االخير يعد تسجيل جديد لمعراق. وجدت االنواع الثالثة مشتيو تحت اوراق االشجار, االدغال, وتحت قواعد سعف النخيل. اكبر عدد لمبالغات المشتية )44,51,56,68(بالغة /م5 تحت ادغال الحمفا ) Imperata .cylindrican Len(, نبات الثيل).Cyndo dactylon Len(, االوراق المتساقطة العنب).Vitis vinifera Len( واالوراق المتساقطة ألشجار اليوكالبتوز )Eucalyptus. spp(عمى التوالي أعمى كثافة عددية لمبالغات المشتية سجمت في منطقة المقدادية وبمغت)200( بالغة بينما منطقة بمد روز سجمت )193( بالغة ومنطقة الخالص سجمت )113( بالغة وسجل في منطقة خانقين اقل عدد )65( بالغة. وجد ان اعال نسبة مئوية لمتواجد كان النوع E. integriceps ثم يميو النوع E testudinaria. وأخي ارً النوع E .maura في جميع مناطق المدروسة في محافظة ديالى. الكممات المفتاحية: Eurygaster testudinaria, Eurygaster maura , التشخيص, التشتية *جزء من اطروحة دكتوراه لمباحث االول

*Received:15/5/2018, Accepted:2/8/2018

0002 Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences –8102:49(6):0002-0088 Shblawy& Al-Jorany INTRODUCTION MATERIAL AND METHODS Bread wheat is an important food crop on the The study was conducted in Diyala world level .The main problem in Iraq in the governorate/Iraq during wintering period of deficit in the wheat production (13).Wheat the sunn pest from Dece. 2016 to Feb. infected with many pest both in the field and 2017.The governorate was divided four region storage lead to economic losses (5,2). Wheat according to their importance and production bug (Euregaster spp.)(: of wheat and crop .These regions are ) , are the most serious pest of :Muqdadiyah , Kalas, Balad- rooz and wheat and barley in the wide area of the Near Khanakin .The fields of wheat and barely were and Middle East West Asia and many of the targeted as well as nearby highlands ,orchards, new independent states of center Asia and house hold and weeds. Sampled areas were Eastern and south Europe and north Africa scouted. with the assistance of a square meter (15,16,18). The genus Eurygaster spp and randomly selected 5 location .the wintered (Laporte,1833) includes 19 species ,four of adults was keep in plastic tubs and all them are grain pastes. E. integriceps (Puton), information was recorded directly .Many E.maura (Linnaeus, 1758) , E. testudinaria specimen were prepared and sent to Natural (Geoffroy,1785) and E.austriaca (Schrank History Museum Unive. Of Baghdad and ,1776) (11,12) . These species caused yield anther to Dr. A.Abdal Fattah for diagnostic losses about 20-30% for barley and 50-90%for purpose. wheat (9). Yield loss is a result of pest feeding RESULTS AND DISCUSSION by sucking nutrients from leaves ,stems ,and Eurygaster species: Three species of sunn pest grains which inject enzymes on it that was diagnostic. These species are Eurygaster degraded gluten proteins ,and then reduced the integriceps (Puoton, 1881), E. testudinaria quality of flours made from damaged wheat (Geoffory, 1785) and E. maura (len.1758).E grains.(7,14).Sunn pest Eurygaster .maura was new species recorded to Iraq integriceps Puton ,was first recorded in north funna .E. integriceps is The most abundance of Iraq in 1920(Ridha,1959) and then spread to of the three species hibernated in the fields of most cereal fieled (wheat and barley)in Erbil the four region of Diyala governorate . E. ,Dohok,Nainawa and Sulaimanya (8). The .testudinaria which recorded previously in infestation map of this pest was changes Najef ,Diwaniya and Karbala (4) and may be dramatically from 1980-2000,and colonized dispersal to anther governorates throughout the wheat and barley filed grown in irrigated past year especially with the expanded of area regions at most central and middle Euphrates cultivated by wheat and barley as well as governorates such as Salahaldin, Baghdad, introduced a new verities of these crops. E. Diyala , AL- Anbar and Babil (10).A new sunn maura was found with E. integriceps in wheat pest species Eurygaster testiudinaria fields and at higher altitudes in the aestivation (geoffroy)was recorded for the first time at the and hibernation sites in many region in Iran middle Euphrates region of Iraq on wheat and (19).In general E. maura was dispersal to barley fields (3,4).Several sunn pest outbreak fields of wheat and barley in Diyala was occurred in the middle Euphrates governorate from this Iranian regional. This governorates of Iraq ,and many aerial spraying result confirmed that wheat and barley fields of broad- spectrum insecticides were done by in Diyala governorate was infected with the the Ministry of Agriculture (Personal same species that diagnostic in thes study .The communication and internal reports). This most common sunn pest species have been research is an attempt to answer the question shown in the dormancy location (Gara that raised by many researcher ,How this pest mountain) in north of Iraq was E. integriceps, was dispersal and colonized many fields of the percentage of its appearance was 79.70% wheat and barley in Diyala governorate, followed by Dolycoris baccarum L.and the especially with outbreaks that occurred in Carpocoris fuscispinus Boh. And Aelia many past years ,and the species of the genus acuminate L. which estimated at (18.85,1.47 Eurygaster and their hibernation sites. and 0.98) % respectively(1).

0004 Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences –8102:49(6):0002-0088 Shblawy& Al-Jorany Hibernation sites sunn pest E. integriceps under date plam leaf The results showed that the three species of base, bland weeds and rice hay in Diwaniya genus Eurygaster which diagnostic in Diyala and Najaf governorates during winter and governorate were overwinter as an adults early spring (10).Sunn pest E. integriceps in under bushes ,dead leaves, weed ,date palm north of Iraq hides under many plants for leaf base (Table1).The heights total number of summer aestivation and winter hibernation and adults(68,56,51 and 44adults/5m2) was found its number in Siffin Mountain ranged fore 284- under Blady grass(Imperata cylindrican L.) 331 adults/10m2 with an average 301.6 ,Bermuda grass(Cyndo dactylon L.),Grape adult/10m2 .This variation in sites of tree(Vitis vinifera L.)and Eucalyptus hibernation may be explain the tolerant of this tree(Eucalyptus spp.)respectively . Yildirim species to wide range of temperature or anew et,al 2007recorded two species E. maura and biotype that adapted to higher temperature E.austrica lives from autumn to spring under (especially in summer )in the middle of leaves of oak ,Pinus spp,thymus spp, Iraq(6). The average population of sunn pest Acantholiman spp and Astragalus spp . were (51.00and 44.46)/5m2 at the end of Higher densities were recorded in Muqdadiyah October and the beginning of November (200), Balad-rooz (193), Kalas (113) and respectively(1). The reason for the existence of decreased to (65) adults in Khanakin . Because these species in the orchards, fields and wheat fields in both Muqdadiyah and Balad - jungles plant is to protect themselves from the Rooz are larger than the area of agriculture and high temperature in the summer(aestivation) surrounded by orchards, This is because the and decline in winter (hibernation) and the area cultivated in Khanakin with wheat crop is absence of mountain areas in the province of few and far from orchards. Field observation Diyala, it leads to these areas and research data confirmed the hibernation of Table1:No. of suun adult and locale hibernation

No. Commune name Scientific name Number of adult of sunn /5m2

Muqdadiyah

Balad rooz Balad

Khanakin

Kalas

Total

.0 Blady grass .Imperata cylindrical L 80 08 00 81 82 .8 Date palm Phoenix dactylifera 02 8 4 33 .3 Pomegranate Punica granatum 01 4 01 39 tree .9 Grape tree Vitis vinifera 08 08 1 02 10 .1 Apple tree Malusa communis 9 7 2 01 84 .8 Pear tree Pyrus communis 01 7 1 2 31 .7 Apricot tree Prunus armeniaca 4 9 8 8 81 .2 Peach tree Prunus persica 7 1 8 7 81 .4 Eucalyptus tree Eucalyptus communas 08 9 8 02 99 .01 Poplar tree Populus euphratica 01 3 2 80 .00 Tamaeix tree Tamarixspp. 4 3 1 08 84 .08 Dadonea Dadonea viscosa 4 1 3 4 88 shrubbery .03 Myrtus Myrtus communs 08 2 00 30 shrubbery .09 Bermuda grass .Cyndo dactylon L 08 4 01 81 18 .01 Weed in groves Many species 09 7 08 33 citrus .08 Weed in groves Many species 02 2 01 38 .Pomegranate .07 Total 200 003 81 043 170

0081 Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences –8102:49(6):0002-0088 Shblawy& Al-Jorany Percentage of the species in different region testudinaria was the same in the same The highest percentage of Eurygaster areas (40.8,45.5,20.7,11)% respectively, While integriceps was found in Balad rooz, the E. maura was only found in the Balad Muqdadiyah, Kalas and Khanakin Rose region with 13.3% present (54.9,54.5,79.3)% respectively The E. Tbale 2.Percentage of the three species 0f sunn pest in different region of Diyala governorate Region Percentage% of the species Eurygaster integriceps Eurygaster testudinaria Eurygaster maura Balad rooz %19.4 %91.2 %03.3 Muqdadiyah %19.1 %91.1 1 Kalas %74.3 %81.7 1 Kanakin %24 %00 1 REFERENCES No.6 Directory of Research and General 1. Abdullah,S.I. and L.H.A ALDoske. 2010 Agricultural Projects Iraq.(in Arabic).pp:16 .The first survey of the dormancy locations of 9. Gul, A., A .CAUMA and D.Mithat 2006. the sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps Put. in Sunn pest control policies and effect of sunn Dohuk province .J.K.A.S.(1)2:1-8 pest damge on wheat quality and price in 2. Abdullah,L.M .and M .Z Raouf. 2005. . Quality and Quantity( 40): 469-480. .Evaluation of infestation degree by hairy 10. Hama, N.N., Z.A. Stephan, M.A. Ali and grain beetle Trogoderma granarium M.L. Aboud. 2007. Sunn Pest Status in Iraq. Eve.)(Colleoptera :Dermestidea) for two wheat Parkar,B.M.,Margaret S.,Mustapha EL varieties during 1-6 months of storage of 2002. B.H.andSafaa G.K.(Eds)sunn pest Iraqi Journal of Agriculture Sciences management:ADecade of progress 1994- (36)5:125-130 2004.pp:448. 3. Abdul- Razak Z . and H. F. Alrubeai 11. Javahery, M. 1996.Sunn Pest of Wheat and 2011. Identification of New Sunn Pest Species, Barley in Islamic Republic of Iran (Chemical Eurygaster testudinaria Geoffroy with and Cultural Methods of Control .Sunn Pest Studies of Its Biology and Ecology at the and Their Control in the New Est. .edited by Middle Euphrates Region of Iraq. pp:13 R.H.Miller and J.G.Morse plant production 4. Abdul- Razak Z. and H. F. Alrubeai 2011. ,(FAO)Rom(1996) pp:11 Efficency of pest Eurygaster Testudinaria 12. Javahery, M. 1995. A technical Review (Geoffroy) Egg Prastaoids in Najaf of Sunn Pests ( ) Government. Egyptian Journal of Biological with special reference to Eurygaster Pest Control.21(2): 361-368 integriceps Puton. FAO/RNE Publ. Priv. 5. AL-Chalabi,F.T. and H.S.AL-Agidi,. 2010. pp:80. Weed competition and its impact on growth 13. Kadam,M.S. and A.S. AL-Hani, 2011.An characters of some wheat cultivars. Iraqi estimation of supply response for bread wheat Journal of Agricultur of Sciences (41) 2:53-63 in Iraq for the Period 1991-2002. Iraqi Journal 6. Amin,A.B., A.J. Mohammed and H.S AL- of Agriculture Sciences.(42)5:74-80 Assadi. 2007 .Population Density of Sunn Pest 14. Lodos N.1986.Turkey Entomology During Hibernation and Aestivation in ii.general applied and funistik. Ege University Northern Iraq .Parkar,B.M.,Margaret Faculty of Agriculture Publication Izmir S.,Mustapha EL B.H.andSafaa G.K.(Eds)sunn ;no;429, E. U. Mat. Bornova, Izmir. pp: 591 pest management:ADecade of progress 1994- 15. Radjabi G.H. 2000. Ecology of Cereals 2004.pp: 448 Sunn Pest in Iran .Agricultural Research, 7. Critchely B.R. 1998 Literature review of Education and Extension Rganization Tehran sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps Puton. ,Iran pp:343 (Heteroptera ; Scutelleridae).Crop Prot. (17): 16. Reynolds, M. P., J. Pietragalla, and H. J. 271-287 Braun, 2008 .International Symposium on 8. EL-Haidary H., A.N. Nouman and M. K. Wheat Potential: Challenges to International Abad 1960. Sunn Pest Technical Buiitetin. Wheat Breeding, Mexico,CIMMYT.pp:197

0080 Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences –8102:49(6):0002-0088 Shblawy& Al-Jorany 17. Ridha,O. 1959. Sunn Pest .Iraq Agriculture 19. Schaefar, C. W. and A. R. Panizzi 2000. ,Bulletin. Ministry of Agriculture (in Arabic). Heteroptera of Economic importance .CRC pp:49-68 Press.pp:852 18. Sanaey,N. and T.N Mirak,. 2012.Wheat 20. Yildirim,A.F.,E.Kinaci and M. (Elmali) resistance to the adult insect of sunn pest Uysal. 2007.Sunn Pest Over Wintering Sites Eurigaster integriceps Put .Americana Journal Parasitoids and Effects on Cereal Lines and of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. Varieties. Parkar ,B. M. ,Margaret (7)1;56-60 S.,Mustapha EL B.H.andSafaa G.K.(Eds)sunn pest management:ADecade of progress 1994- 2004.pp:448.

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