DOCSLIB.ORG

Sunn Pest Species and Its Hiber Nation Sites in Diyala Governorate / Iraq L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sunn Pest Species and Its Hiber Nation Sites in Diyala Governorate / Iraq L Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences –8102:49(6):0002-0088 Shblawy& Al-Jorany SUNN PEST SPECIES AND ITS HIBER NATION SITES IN DIYALA GOVERNORATE / IRAQ L. M .Shblawy R. S. Al-Jorany* Researcher Prof. Office of Diyala Agriculture Depa. of plant protection Dep.of plant protection Ministry of Agriculture Coll.of Agric.Uni.of Bagdhdad ABSTRACT This study was conducted in Diyala governorate/Iraq during wintering period of the sunn pest from Dece. 2016 to Feb. 2017. Three species of sunn pest was diagnostic. These species are Eurygaster integriceps (Puoton, 1881), E. testudinaria (Geoffory, 1785) and E .maura (len.1758).E .maura was new species recorded to Iraq funna .E. integriceps is The most abundance of the three species hibernated in the fields of the four region of Diyala governorate. The results showed that the three species of genus Eurygaster which diagnostic in Diyala governorate were overwintered as an adults under bushes ,dead leaves, weed ,date palm leaf base .The heights total number of adults(68,56,51 and 44adults/5m2) was found under cogon grass(Imperata cylindrican L.), Bermuda grass(Cyndo dactylon L.),Grape tree(Vitis vinifera L.)and Eucalyptus tree(Eucalyptus spp.) respectively. Higher densities were recorded in Muqdadiyah (200), Balad rooz (193), Kalas (113) and decreased to( 65) adults in Khanakin. Found that the higher percentage for species E. integriceps then followed E. testudinaria finally the species E. maura in all region in Diyala governorate. Key word :Eurygaster maura ,Eurygaster testudinaria ,hibernated ,diagnostic, overwintered *Post of Ph.D. dissertation of the first author مجلة العلوم الزراعية العراقية -8102 :94)6(:0002-0088 شبﻻوي والجوراني انواع حشرة السونو ومناطق تشتيتيا في محافظة ديالى /العراق لقاء محمد شبﻻوي* رضا صكب الجوراني باحث استاذ مديرية زراعو ديالى قسم وقاية النبات كمية الزراعة جامعة بغداد المستخمص اجريت دراسة في محافظة ديالى/ العراق خﻻل فترة تشتية حشرة السونو من كانون اﻻول 2016الى شباط 2017. شخصت ثﻻث انواع من حشرة السونو ىي (E. testudinaria (Geof.1785),Eurygaster integriceps (Put.1881 و(E.maura(Len.1758,والنوع اﻻخير يعد تسجيل جديد لمعراق. وجدت اﻻنواع الثﻻثة مشتيو تحت اوراق اﻻشجار, اﻻدغال, وتحت قواعد سعف النخيل. اكبر عدد لمبالغات المشتية )44,51,56,68(بالغة /م5 تحت ادغال الحمفا ) Imperata .cylindrican Len(, نبات الثيل).Cyndo dactylon Len(, اﻻوراق المتساقطة العنب).Vitis vinifera Len( واﻻوراق المتساقطة ﻷشجار اليوكالبتوز )Eucalyptus. spp(عمى التوالي أعمى كثافة عددية لمبالغات المشتية سجمت في منطقة المقدادية وبمغت)200( بالغة بينما منطقة بمد روز سجمت )193( بالغة ومنطقة الخالص سجمت )113( بالغة وسجل في منطقة خانقين اقل عدد )65( بالغة. وجد ان اعﻻ نسبة مئوية لمتواجد كان النوع E. integriceps ثم يميو النوع E testudinaria. وأخي ارً النوع E .maura في جميع مناطق المدروسة في محافظة ديالى. الكممات المفتاحية: Eurygaster testudinaria, Eurygaster maura , التشخيص, التشتية *جزء من اطروحة دكتوراه لمباحث اﻻول *Received:15/5/2018, Accepted:2/8/2018 0002 Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences –8102:49(6):0002-0088 Shblawy& Al-Jorany INTRODUCTION MATERIAL AND METHODS Bread wheat is an important food crop on the The study was conducted in Diyala world level .The main problem in Iraq in the governorate/Iraq during wintering period of deficit in the wheat production (13).Wheat the sunn pest from Dece. 2016 to Feb. infected with many pest both in the field and 2017.The governorate was divided four region storage lead to economic losses (5,2). Wheat according to their importance and production bug (Euregaster spp.)(Hemiptera: of wheat and barley crop .These regions are scutelleridae) , are the most serious pest of :Muqdadiyah , Kalas, Balad- rooz and wheat and barley in the wide area of the Near Khanakin .The fields of wheat and barely were and Middle East West Asia and many of the targeted as well as nearby highlands ,orchards, new independent states of center Asia and house hold and weeds. Sampled areas were Eastern and south Europe and north Africa scouted. with the assistance of a square meter (15,16,18). The genus Eurygaster spp and randomly selected 5 location .the wintered (Laporte,1833) includes 19 species ,four of adults was keep in plastic tubs and all them are grain pastes. E. integriceps (Puton), information was recorded directly .Many E.maura (Linnaeus, 1758) , E. testudinaria specimen were prepared and sent to Natural (Geoffroy,1785) and E.austriaca (Schrank History Museum Unive. Of Baghdad and ,1776) (11,12) . These species caused yield anther to Dr. A.Abdal Fattah for diagnostic losses about 20-30% for barley and 50-90%for purpose. wheat (9). Yield loss is a result of pest feeding RESULTS AND DISCUSSION by sucking nutrients from leaves ,stems ,and Eurygaster species: Three species of sunn pest grains which inject enzymes on it that was diagnostic. These species are Eurygaster degraded gluten proteins ,and then reduced the integriceps (Puoton, 1881), E. testudinaria quality of flours made from damaged wheat (Geoffory, 1785) and E. maura (len.1758).E grains.(7,14).Sunn pest Eurygaster .maura was new species recorded to Iraq integriceps Puton ,was first recorded in north funna .E. integriceps is The most abundance of Iraq in 1920(Ridha,1959) and then spread to of the three species hibernated in the fields of most cereal fieled (wheat and barley)in Erbil the four region of Diyala governorate . E. ,Dohok,Nainawa and Sulaimanya (8). The .testudinaria which recorded previously in infestation map of this pest was changes Najef ,Diwaniya and Karbala (4) and may be dramatically from 1980-2000,and colonized dispersal to anther governorates throughout the wheat and barley filed grown in irrigated past year especially with the expanded of area regions at most central and middle Euphrates cultivated by wheat and barley as well as governorates such as Salahaldin, Baghdad, introduced a new verities of these crops. E. Diyala , AL- Anbar and Babil (10).A new sunn maura was found with E. integriceps in wheat pest species Eurygaster testiudinaria fields and at higher altitudes in the aestivation (geoffroy)was recorded for the first time at the and hibernation sites in many region in Iran middle Euphrates region of Iraq on wheat and (19).In general E. maura was dispersal to barley fields (3,4).Several sunn pest outbreak fields of wheat and barley in Diyala was occurred in the middle Euphrates governorate from this Iranian regional. This governorates of Iraq ,and many aerial spraying result confirmed that wheat and barley fields of broad- spectrum insecticides were done by in Diyala governorate was infected with the the Ministry of Agriculture (Personal same species that diagnostic in thes study .The communication and internal reports). This most common sunn pest species have been research is an attempt to answer the question shown in the dormancy location (Gara that raised by many researcher ,How this pest mountain) in north of Iraq was E. integriceps, was dispersal and colonized many fields of the percentage of its appearance was 79.70% wheat and barley in Diyala governorate, followed by Dolycoris baccarum L.and the especially with outbreaks that occurred in Carpocoris fuscispinus Boh. And Aelia many past years ,and the species of the genus acuminate L. which estimated at (18.85,1.47 Eurygaster and their hibernation sites. and 0.98) % respectively(1). 0004 Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences –8102:49(6):0002-0088 Shblawy& Al-Jorany Hibernation sites sunn pest E. integriceps under date plam leaf The results showed that the three species of base, bland weeds and rice hay in Diwaniya genus Eurygaster which diagnostic in Diyala and Najaf governorates during winter and governorate were overwinter as an adults early spring (10).Sunn pest E. integriceps in under bushes ,dead leaves, weed ,date palm north of Iraq hides under many plants for leaf base (Table1).The heights total number of summer aestivation and winter hibernation and adults(68,56,51 and 44adults/5m2) was found its number in Siffin Mountain ranged fore 284- under Blady grass(Imperata cylindrican L.) 331 adults/10m2 with an average 301.6 ,Bermuda grass(Cyndo dactylon L.),Grape adult/10m2 .This variation in sites of tree(Vitis vinifera L.)and Eucalyptus hibernation may be explain the tolerant of this tree(Eucalyptus spp.)respectively . Yildirim species to wide range of temperature or anew et,al 2007recorded two species E. maura and biotype that adapted to higher temperature E.austrica lives from autumn to spring under (especially in summer )in the middle of leaves of oak ,Pinus spp,thymus spp, Iraq(6). The average population of sunn pest Acantholiman spp and Astragalus spp . were (51.00and 44.46)insect/5m2 at the end of Higher densities were recorded in Muqdadiyah October and the beginning of November (200), Balad-rooz (193), Kalas (113) and respectively(1). The reason for the existence of decreased to (65) adults in Khanakin . Because these species in the orchards, fields and wheat fields in both Muqdadiyah and Balad - jungles plant is to protect themselves from the Rooz are larger than the area of agriculture and high temperature in the summer(aestivation) surrounded by orchards, This is because the and decline in winter (hibernation) and the area cultivated in Khanakin with wheat crop is absence of mountain areas in the province of few and far from orchards. Field observation Diyala, it leads to these areas and research data confirmed the hibernation of Table1:No. of suun adult and locale hibernation No. Commune name Scientific name Number of adult of sunn /5m2 Muqdadiyah Balad rooz Khanakin Kalas Total .0 Blady grass .Imperata cylindrical L 80 08 00 81 82 .8 Date palm Phoenix dactylifera 02 8 4 33 .3 Pomegranate Punica granatum 01 4 01 39 tree .9 Grape tree Vitis vinifera 08 08 1 02 10 .1 Apple tree Malusa communis 9 7 2 01 84 .8 Pear tree Pyrus communis 01 7 1 2 31 .7 Apricot tree Prunus armeniaca 4 9 8 8 81 .2 Peach tree Prunus persica 7 1 8 7 81 .4 Eucalyptus tree Eucalyptus communas 08 9 8 02 99 .01 Poplar tree Populus euphratica 01 3 2 80 .00 Tamaeix tree Tamarixspp.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Providing a Base for Conservation of True Bugs (Insecta, Heteroptera) and Their Saline Habitats in Vojvodina (Northern Serbia)
    Short Note Hyla VOL. 2016., No.1, pp. 19- 23 ISSN: 1848-2007 Šeat et al. Providing a base for conservation of true bugs (Insecta, Heteroptera) and their saline habitats in Vojvodina (northern Serbia) 1 1,2 1 1,2 JELENA ŠEAT , BOJANA NADAŽDIN , MARIJA CVETKOVIĆ , ALEKSANDRA JOVANOV , 1,2 & IVAN TOT 1 HabiProt, Bulevar Oslobođenja 106/34, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; e-mail: [email protected] 2 SRSBES “Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia Abstract Saline habitats of the Pannonian region are recognised as conservation priorities by EU legislation, and represent rare semi-natural habitats in mostly agricultural lowland of northern Serbia. Saline habitats have a key role in conservation of numerous plant and animal species in Vojvodina, as well as characteristic communities of true bugs. These insects belong to one of the most diverse insect groups in saline habitats. Species Henestaris halophilus (BURMEISTER, 1835), Conostethus hungaricus WAGNER, 1941 and Solenoxyphus fuscovenosus (FIEBER, 1864) are saline specialists and can be found only in these habitat types. True bugs have great qualities for future biomonitoring projects concerning habitats such as saline grasslands and wetlands. During the study, species Hydrometra gracilenta HORVÁTH, 1899 and Solenoxyphus fuscovenosus (FIEBER, 1864) are recorded for the first time in Serbia. Key words: Hemiptera, salt steppes, salt marshes, alkaline lakes, Pannonian plain Saline or halophitic habitats in Serbia are floods in spring (BOROS, 2003; TÖRÖK ET AL., 2011), are mostly situated in the northern part of the country, in apparently not favourable for many groups of insects, Vojvodina Province, and these habitats are listed among but the true bugs are among the most abundant and the the priority habitats by the Annex I of the EU Habitat most diverse insects in them.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 Central Asia IPM
    Annual Report FY 2009-10 Oct0ber 1, 2009 to September 30, 2010 Development and Delivery of Ecologically-based IPM Packages in Central Asia Project Management: Dr. Karim Maredia (PI), Michigan State University Dr. Zakir Khalikulov, CGIAR/ICARDA-Project Facilitation Unit, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Wheat IPM Package: Dr. Nurali Saidov, IPM CRSP Coordinator, Tajikistan Dr. Doug Landis, Michigan State University Dr. Bohssini Mustapha, ICARDA Dr. Megan Kennelly, Kansas State University Tomato IPM Package: Dr. Barno Tashpulatova, IPM CRSP Coordinator, Uzbekistan Dr. Frank Zalom, University of California-Davis Dr. Ravza Mavlyanova, AVRDC/World Vegetable Center Potato IPM Package: Dr. Murat Aitmatov, IPM CRSP Coordinator, Kyrgyzstan Dr. David Douches, Michigan State University Dr. George Bird, Michigan State University Dr. Walter Pett, Michigan State University IPM Communication: Ms. Joy Landis, Michigan State University Links with IPM CRSP Global Theme Projects: Pest Diagnostics: Dr. Sally Miller, Ohio State University Viruses: Dr. Naidu Rayapati, Washington State University and Dr. Sue Tolin, Virginia Tech University Gender Issues: Dr. Linda Racioppi and Dr. Zahra Jamal, Michigan State University and Dr. Maria Elisa Christie, Virginia Tech University Socio-Economic Impact Assessment: Dr. Mywish Maredia and Richard Bernsten, Michigan State University, and Dr. George Norton, Virginia Tech University 1 Michigan State University (MSU) in partnership with University of California-Davis, Kansas State University, ICARDA, AVRDC, and several local research and academic institutions and NGOs is implementing a regional IPM program in Central Asia. The three host countries include - Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. The technical objectives of the Central Asia Regional IPM Program are as follow: 1. Develop ecologically based IPM packages for wheat, tomato and potato through collaborative research and access to new technologies.
    [Show full text]
  • STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS Babes-Bolyai
    ANUL XLIX 2004 STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABE Ş-BOLYAI BIOLOGIA 1 EDITORIAL OFFICE : Republicii no. 24, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Phone: 0264-40.53.52 SUMAR – CONTENTS – SOMMAIRE – INHALT L. RÁKOSY-TICAN, L. MOMEU, F. L ŐRINCZI, Data on the Microbiota in the Vadu Cri şului Cave....................................................................................... 3 P. -V. BELDEAN, Analiza faunistic ă, ecologic ă şi zoogeografic ă a suprafamiliei Pentatomoidea (Insecta, Heteroptera) din sectorul inferior al bazinului râului Arie ş * Faunistical, Ecological and Zoogeographic Analysis of the Suprafamily Pentatomoidea (Insecta, Heteroptera) from the Inferior Area of the Arie ş River Basin ......................................................................................................... 9 A. DAVID, I. COROIU, Breeding Biology of the Golden Eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos L. 1758) in the Gorge of Turda Nature Reserve ............................. 23 S. ONAC, V. CRISTEA, M. KEUL, D. BÁTHORY, M. TRIFU, Peroxidase Activity, Stomatal Conductance and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Soybean Plants under Heavy Metal Stress ...................................................................... 37 D. PODAR, C. DOBROT Ă, M. TRIFU, Uptake of Heavy Metals by Maize (Zea mays) Plants Cultivated on Mine Spoils................................................... 47 A. FLOREA, C. CR ĂCIUN, C. PUIC Ă, Aspecte histologice şi ultrastructurale ale timusului în intoxicitatea acut ă cu venin de albine * Histological and Ultrastructural Aspects of the Thymus in
    [Show full text]
  • CANDAN S., SULUDERE Z. Studies on the External Morphology of The
    POLSKIE P I S M O ENTOMOLOGICZNE P O L I S H JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY VOL. 75 : 369-374 Bydgoszcz 30 September 2006 Studies on the external morphology of the eggs of Eurygaster maura (Linnaeus, 1758) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) SELAMI CANDAN *, Z EKIYE SULUDERE ** Gazi University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 06500 Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey e-mail: *[email protected], **[email protected] ABSTRACT . External morphology of egg of Eurygaster maura (LINNAEUS , 1758) was investigated by light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The females were collected from Ankara, Aya ş, Asartepe and maintained under the laboratory conditions. Each female was shown to deposit generally 14 green eggs in a mass. The spherical shaped eggs were 1.04 mm in length and 0.96 mm in width. The first external evidence of embryonic development was the appearance of two red eye spots opposite each other beneath the aero-micropylar processes followed by appearance of a blackish T-shaped egg burster between the eye spots. Egg surface are covered with polygons. They have 20 to 22 aero-micropyles in a shape of truncated cones between polygons. KEY WORDS: Heteroptera, Scutelleridae, Eurygaster maura , chorion, external morphology, aero- micropylar processes, egg-burster, scanning electron microscope INTRODUCTION The taxonomic and phylogenetic importance of eggshell structure in pterygote insects has been demonstrated in various orders at different levels (HINTON 1981, SALKELD 1983, 1984, MARGARITIS 1985). Research on eggs of Heteroptera has been reviewed by SOUTHWOOD (1956), COBBEN (1968), and HINTON (1981). Afterwards, egg surface structure of Heteroptera species including Scutelleridae has been reported by many authors, however accurate knowledge of the egg morphology still lacks in many taxonomic groups (ESSELBAUGH 1946, GRIGOROV 1988, JAVAHERY 1994, SIMICZYJEW 1994, SULUDERE et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Scope: Munis Entomology & Zoology Publishes a Wide Variety of Papers
    _____________ Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2009___________ I MUNIS ENTOMOLOGY & ZOOLOGY Ankara / Turkey II _____________ Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2009___________ Scope: Munis Entomology & Zoology publishes a wide variety of papers on all aspects of Entomology and Zoology from all of the world, including mainly studies on systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, fauna, biogeography, biodiversity, ecology, morphology, behavior, conservation, paleobiology and other aspects are appropriate topics for papers submitted to Munis Entomology & Zoology. Submission of Manuscripts: Works published or under consideration elsewhere (including on the internet) will not be accepted. At first submission, one double spaced hard copy (text and tables) with figures (may not be original) must be sent to the Editors, Dr. Hüseyin Özdikmen for publication in MEZ. All manuscripts should be submitted as Word file or PDF file in an e-mail attachment. If electronic submission is not possible due to limitations of electronic space at the sending or receiving ends, unavailability of e-mail, etc., we will accept “hard” versions, in triplicate, accompanied by an electronic version stored in a floppy disk, a CD-ROM. Review Process: When submitting manuscripts, all authors provides the name, of at least three qualified experts (they also provide their address, subject fields and e-mails). Then, the editors send to experts to review the papers. The review process should normally be completed within 45-60 days. After reviewing papers by reviwers: Rejected papers are discarded. For accepted papers, authors are asked to modify their papers according to suggestions of the reviewers and editors. Final versions of manuscripts and figures are needed in a digital format.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Padil Species Factsheet Scientific Name: Common Name Image
    1. PaDIL Species Factsheet Scientific Name: Eurygaster testudinaria Geoffroy (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Eurygastrinae) Common Name European Tortoise Bug Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/Pest/Main/136077 Image Library Australian Biosecurity Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/ Partners for Australian Biosecurity image library Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment https://www.awe.gov.au/ Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia https://dpird.wa.gov.au/ Plant Health Australia https://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/ Museums Victoria https://museumsvictoria.com.au/ 2. Species Information 2.1. Details Specimen Contact: Department of Agriculture Western Australia - Author: Graham, R. Citation: Graham, R. (2005) European Tortoise Bug(Eurygaster testudinaria )Updated on 7/23/2021 Available online: PaDIL - http://www.padil.gov.au Image Use: Free for use under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY- NC 4.0) 2.2. URL Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/Pest/Main/136077 2.3. Facets Status: Exotic species - absent from Australia Group: Bugs Commodity Overview: General Commodity Type: General, Grains Distribution: Europe and Northern Asia, Mediterranean Basin 2.4. Diagnostic Notes Not a known pest species, but may be confused with other Eurygaster species of similar appearance, especially the sunn pest E. integriceps and E. maura. 2.5. References Gross, G.F. (1975) Plant-feeding and other Bugs (Hemiptera) of South Australia South Australian Government, Adelaide. Jermy, T. and Balázs, K. (1988) Növényvédelmi állattan, I. Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó 443 pp. Schaefer C.W. & A.R. Panizzi (2000). Shield Bugs (Scutelleridae).
    [Show full text]
  • INSECTICIDAL POTENTIAL of Tio2 NANO-PARTICLES AGAINST EURYGASTER TESTUDINARIA (GEOFFROY) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
    Int. J. Agricult. Stat. Sci. Vol. 16, Supplement 1, pp. 1221-1224, 2020 www.connectjournals.com/ijass DocID: https://connectjournals.com/03899.2020.16.1221 ISSN : 0973-1903, e-ISSN : 0976-3392 ORIGINAL ARTICLE INSECTICIDAL POTENTIAL OF TiO2 NANO-PARTICLES AGAINST EURYGASTER TESTUDINARIA (GEOFFROY) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS Ahmed Saeed Mohmed Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Nano-particles have become one of the most promising new approaches for pest control in recent years. In this study, laboratory trails were carried out to investigate the insecticidal potential of TiO2 nano-particles against nymphs and adults of Eurygaster testudinaria. TiO2 nano-particles were found to be highly effective against E. testudinaria. The results also showed that mortality rates of adults and nymphs were significantly increased with days after application and concentration of TiO2 nano-particles with 41.15% and 43.08% mortality, respectively at 100 mg/L after 7 days from treatment. Results indicated that TiO2 nano-particles can be used as a valuable way in pest management of E. integriceps to reduce the indiscriminate use of conventional pesticides. Key words: Eurygaster testudinaria, Mortality, Nano-particles. Cite this article Ahmed Saeed Mohmed (2020). Insecticidal potential of TiO2 nano-particles against Eurygaster testudinaria (Geoffroy) under laboratory conditions. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences. DocID: https:// connectjournals.com/03899.2020.16.1221 1. Introduction These reasons have led to a growing interest in the novel and effective alternatives that are eco-friendly In recent years, the sunn pest (Eurygaster [Mohmed (2019)].
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Diagnosis of Sunn Pest, Eurygaster Integriceps (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) Parasitized by Hexamermis Eurygasteri (Nematoda: Mermithidae)
    Tr. Doğa ve Fen Derg. − Tr. J. Nature Sci. 2017 Vol. 6 No. 1 Morphological diagnosis of Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) parasitized by Hexamermis eurygasteri (Nematoda: Mermithidae) Gülcan TARLA*1, Şener TARLA 1, Mahmut İSLAMOĞLU 1 Abstract Hexamermis eurygasteri Tarla, Poinar and Tarla (Nematoda: Mermithidae) is an important natural enemy of Sunn pest (SP), Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) in overwintering areas. Adults of this pest become inactive during hibernation and aestivation about nine months in overwintering areas. These areas are very important for biological control of this pest. Because the overwintering adults with entomoparasitic nematodes can be easily collected from there and they can be sent to uninfected overwintering areas for inoculation. The success of this method depends on the morphological diagnosis of individuals infected with mermithids. It is necessary recognizing the individuals that infected with nematodes collected from overwintering areas to be used as biological control agent for the pest management. As a result of the studies carried out for this purpose, it was determined that the bodies of parasitized SP individuals have a wet and greasy appearance. The movement of infected SP is slowed when near nematodes leaving from the host body. Insect head extends forward, the neck is prolonged and nematodes are usually left the body from the cervix. Before leaving from the hosts, the mean distance between the head at eye level and the thorax was measured as 419.4 ± 117.30 μm (n = 11). Keywords: Eurygaster; Hexamermis; Mermithidae; entomoparasitic nematode; Sunn pest Hexamermis eurygasteri (Nematoda: Mermithidae) tarafından parazitlenmiş Eurygaster integriceps (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)’in morfolojik teşhisi Özet Hexamermis eurygasteri Tarla, Poinar and Tarla (Nematoda: Mermithidae) kışlak alanlarda süne, Eurygaster integriceps Put.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Analysis of the Metathoracic Scent Gland of Eurygaster Maura (L.) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)
    J. Agr. Sci. Tech. (2019) Vol. 21(6): 1473-1484 Chemical Analysis of the Metathoracic Scent Gland of Eurygaster maura (L.) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) E. Ogur1, and C. Tuncer2 ABSTRACT Eurygaster maura (L.) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) is one of the most devastating pests of wheat in Turkey. The metathoracic scent gland secretions of male and female E. maura were analyzed separately by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twelve chemical compounds, namely, Octane, n-Undecane, n-Dodecane, n-Tridecane, (E)-2-Hexenal , (E)- 2-Hexen-1-ol, acetate, Cyclopropane, 1-ethyl-2-heptyl, Hexadecane, (E)-3-Octen-1-ol, acetate, (E)-5-Decen-1-ol, acetate, 2-Hexenoic acid, Butyric acid, and Tridecyl ester were detected in both males and females. These compounds, however, differed quantitatively between the sexes. In both females and males, n-Tridecane and (E)-2-Hexanal were the most abundant compounds and constituted approximately 90% of the total content. Minimal amounts of Octane were detected in males and Hexadecane in females. Keywords: (E)-2-Hexenal, GC-MS, Metathoracic scent gland, n-Tridecane, Wheat. INTRODUCTION 100% in the absence of control measures (Lodos, 1986; Özbek and Hayat, 2003). Eurygaster species (Heteroptera: In the order Heteroptera, nearly all species Scutelleridae) are the most devastating pests have scent glands and many of these are of wheat in an extensive area of the Near colloquially referred to as “stink bugs” and Middle East, Western and Central Asia, (Aldrich, 1988). Both nymphs and adults Eastern and South Central Europe, and have scent glands in Heteroptera species Northern Africa (Critchley, 1998; Vaccino (Abad and Atalay, 1994; Abad, 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea) Biology, Higher Systematics, Semiochemistry, and Management
    Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea) Biology, Higher Systematics, Semiochemistry, and Management Edited by J. E. McPherson Front Cover photographs, clockwise from the top left: Adult of Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood), Photograph by Ted C. MacRae; Adult of Murgantia histrionica (Hahn), Photograph by C. Scott Bundy; Adult of Halyomorpha halys (Stål), Photograph by George C. Hamilton; Adult of Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister), Photograph by C. Scott Bundy; Adult of Megacopta cribraria (F.), Photograph by J. E. Eger; Mating pair of Nezara viridula (L.), Photograph by Jesus F. Esquivel. Used with permission. All rights reserved. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-1508-9 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materi- als or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, micro- filming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Classical Biological Control of Leek Moth
    ____________________________________________________________________________ Ateyyat This project seeks to provide greater coherence for the biocontrol knowledge system for regulators and researchers; create an open access information source for biocontrol re- search of agricultural pests in California, which will stimulate greater international knowl- edge sharing about agricultural pests in Mediterranean climates; and facilitate the exchange of information through a cyberinfrastructure among government regulators, and biocontrol entomologists and practitioners. It seeks broader impacts through: the uploading of previ- ously unavailable data being made openly accessible; the stimulation of greater interaction between the biological control regulation, research, and practitioner community in selected Mediterranean regions; the provision of more coherent and useful information to enhance regulatory decisions by public agency scientists; a partnership with the IOBC to facilitate international data sharing; and progress toward the ultimate goal of increasing the viability of biocontrol as a reduced risk pest control strategy. No Designated Session Theme BIOLOGY OF CIRROSPILUS INGENUUS GAHAN (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE), AN ECTOPARASITOID OF THE CITRUS LEAFMINER, PHYLLOCNISTIS CITRELLA STAINTON (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) ON LEMON 99 Mazen A. ATEYYAT Al-Shoubak University College, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, P.O. Box (5), Postal code 71911, Al-Shawbak, Jordan [email protected] The citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in- vaded the Jordan Valley in 1994 and was able to spread throughout Jordan within a few months of its arrival. It was the most common parasitoid from 1997 to 1999 in the Jordan Valley. An increase in the activity of C. ingenuus was observed in autumn and the highest number of emerged C. ingenuus adults was in November 1999.
    [Show full text]
  • Building-Up of a DNA Barcode Library for True Bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Germany Reveals Taxonomic Uncertainties and Surprises
    Building-Up of a DNA Barcode Library for True Bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Germany Reveals Taxonomic Uncertainties and Surprises Michael J. Raupach1*, Lars Hendrich2*, Stefan M. Ku¨ chler3, Fabian Deister1,Je´rome Morinie`re4, Martin M. Gossner5 1 Molecular Taxonomy of Marine Organisms, German Center of Marine Biodiversity (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Wilhelmshaven, Germany, 2 Sektion Insecta varia, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB – ZSM), Mu¨nchen, Germany, 3 Department of Animal Ecology II, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, 4 Taxonomic coordinator – Barcoding Fauna Bavarica, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB – ZSM), Mu¨nchen, Germany, 5 Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universita¨tMu¨nchen, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Abstract During the last few years, DNA barcoding has become an efficient method for the identification of species. In the case of insects, most published DNA barcoding studies focus on species of the Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Hymenoptera and especially Lepidoptera. In this study we test the efficiency of DNA barcoding for true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), an ecological and economical highly important as well as morphologically diverse insect taxon. As part of our study we analyzed DNA barcodes for 1742 specimens of 457 species, comprising 39 families of the Heteroptera. We found low nucleotide distances with a minimum pairwise K2P distance ,2.2% within 21 species pairs (39 species). For ten of these species pairs (18 species), minimum pairwise distances were zero. In contrast to this, deep intraspecific sequence divergences with maximum pairwise distances .2.2% were detected for 16 traditionally recognized and valid species. With a successful identification rate of 91.5% (418 species) our study emphasizes the use of DNA barcodes for the identification of true bugs and represents an important step in building-up a comprehensive barcode library for true bugs in Germany and Central Europe as well.
    [Show full text]