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Parasitoids of the Sunn Pest Eurygaster Spp (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) and Their Potential Biological Control in Diyala Governorate, Iraq

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Parasitoids of the Sunn Pest Eurygaster Spp (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) and Their Potential Biological Control in Diyala Governorate, Iraq Int. J. Agricult. Stat. Sci. Vol. 14, Supplement 1, pp. 267-269, 2018 ISSN : 0973-1903 ORIGINAL ARTICLE PARASITOIDS OF THE SUNN PEST EURYGASTER SPP (HEMIPTERA: SCUTELLERIDAE) AND THEIR POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IN DIYALA GOVERNORATE, IRAQ L.M. Shblawy1,2*, and R.S. AL-Jorany2 1Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, Baghdad, Univ. of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. 2Office of Diyala Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq. Abstract : This study was conducted in wheat barley fields in Diyala governorate, Iraq during the growing season 2017 and 2018 to estimate the activity and the rate of parasitoids of eggs and adults of Eurygasterintegriceps in infested fields. Trissolcussemisteriatus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidea) were found an important egg parasitoid on egg of sunn pest in Iraq. The first parasitized eggs were observed after 10 days of laying mass eggs in fields with average 50% in two fields in Mugdadiayah and Baladroz regions. The rate of parasitism was reached high level in the end of March (80 and 62.4% respectively) and continuous to the end oviposition period in the first week of April. Phasia spp (Diptera: Tachinidae) was recorded as a new parasitoid on the adults of sunn pest in Iraq. The rate of parasitism were 20,13 and 40% in Mugdadiayah, and 17, 20 and 20 in Baladroz on 15, 25 March and fifth April respectively . Key words: Wheat, Barley, Infested fields, Parasitism. 1. Introduction especially imperator plants Cylindricalepisodic. The Sunn pest Eurygaster spp Put on (Hemiptera: largest economic losses were recorded in Adana variety Scutelleridae) is very damaging pest of wheat and (20%). The most important biological control agent of barley in west and central Asia and Europe [Javahery sunn pest is the egg parasitoids that can cause high (1995)]. E. integriceps has been considered as an level of mortality under natural condition [Kodan and economic pest on wheat and barley grown in northern Gurkan (2007]. Many authors determined several governorates of Iraq [Ali (1995), Mohammed (2000), scelionids as biological agents in Iraq like Mohammed et al. (1998), Abdulla and Assaf (2010)]. Trissolcusgrandis (thopson) T. semistriotus (nees) The infestation map has changed dramatically from and Telenomus spp. [Ali (2011), Razak and Al-Rubeai 1980-2000 and beyond during which sunn pest colonized (2011)]. The aim of this study was to estimate the wheat and barley fields grown in irrigated regions at parasitism of eggs and adults in infested field and most central and middle Euphrates governorates such efficacy of its in natural control. as Salahaldin, Baghdad, Diyala, Al-Anbar and Babil 2. Materials and Methods [Hama et al. (2007)]. This study was conducted in wheat barley fields in Up to date study [Shblawy and Aljorany (2018)] in Diyala governorate, Iraq during the growing season 2017 field wheat of Diyala governorate, Iraq showed that and 2018. Sampling was carried out from the beginning there are three species of Eurygaster spp and these of March and continues a weekly. For egg sampling species are E. integriceps [Poton (1898), E. ,the wooden quadrate was used, and at least five times testudinaria [goffray (1758) & E. maura. The last one were thrown at each fields. To collect parasitoids the is a new record for Iraq. The aestivation and over egg mass was transferred to the laboratory and kept in 0 wintering period of adult was found under many plants to 9cm petridish held at 25 ± 1 C and 60 ±5 RH. The *Author for correspondence Received July 19, 2018 Revised October 10, 2018 Accepted October 30, 2018 268 L. M .Shblawy and R.S. AL-Jorany percentage of parasitism was estimated according to Trissolcusgrandis Thomson, T. semisteriatus Nees, total eggs in each 1m2. The adult of parasitoid emerged T. vassilievi Mayr, T. festivae Viktorov and were kept in alcohol 70% containing 5% glycerol. For Ooencyrtusfecundus (Ferrier & Voegele). This is the collecting adults of sunn pest the same wooden quadrate first record of T. semistriatus and T. festivae the most was used, and these adults were kept in the same abundant species were T. semistriatus which occurred condition. Specimens were sending to the Iraqi natural in all provinces and 50.79% of all sites and overall history museum for confirming identification of parasitism rates reached 58% at the end of the season parasitoids. [Trissi et al. (2007)] . 3. Results and Discussion The results of this study showed that Trissolcussem isteriatus was an important egg parasitoid of sunn pest Eurygaster spp. in wheat and barley fields in Diyala governorate. Egg mass on wheat plants were observed on 7th and 11th March with average 12.6 and 5.33 egg /m2 in Muqdadiyah and Baladroz respectively (Figs. 1 & 2). The first parasitized eggs were noticed on 14 and 18 March respectively. The rate of parasitism was reached high level at the end of March (80 and 62.4%) Fig. 2: Seasonal presence of total and parasitized eggs on eggs of sunn pest in Baladroz/ Diyala governorate. and continues to the end of oviposition period in the first week of April. This results indicated that parasitism rate were ranged between 50-80% and covered all the period of oviposition of sunn pest in filed. The importance of Trissolcussem isteriatus in sunn pest biological control, considerable effort has been made to study their spatial distribution, population growth in the field and developing techniques for mass rearing on artificial diet. Trissolcusgrandis is the most common egg parasitoid in Iran and some southern regions comprises 95% of wasps emerging from parasitized sunn pest egg Fig. 3:Rate of parasitism Phasia spp on sunn pest adult in Muq. and Bal. /Diyala [Honarmand et al. (2007). Ali (2011)] observed three species of parasitoid on sunn pest eggs in north of Iraq. The results showed that Phasia spp. (Dip.: In Syria five species were recovered, Tachinidae) an important adult parasitoid of sunn pest in field wheat in Diyala governorate. This parasitoid was new record for Iraq. The rate of parasitism were 20,13 and 40% in Muqdadiyah and 17, 20 and 20% in Baladroz in 15,25 March and 5th April respectively (Fig. 3). The adult of the first generation of this parasitoid emerge from the pupae before the sunn pest migrate to the grain field and parasitize on sunn pest adult at the time of migration [Ebadi and Jozeyan (2001)]. A survey of adult parasitoids of Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton, was conducted in Syria in 2003 and Fig.1: Seasonal presence of total and parasitized eggs on 2004, Four species of Phasiine flies were eggs of sunn pestin Mugdadiayah/Diyala found:Phasiasubcoleoptrata (Linnaeus), governorate. Parasitoids of the Sunn pest Eurygaster spp 269 Heliozetahelluo (Fabricius), Ectophasiaoblonga Sunn Pest Status in Iraq. Pages 39-43. Pages 139-145. (Robineau-Disvoidy) and Elomyialateralis (Meigen) Bruce L. Parker, Margaret Skinner, Mustapha El [Abdulhai et al. (2007)]. The conclusion of this study Bouhssini & Safaa G. Kumari (Eds.): Sunn Pest was that the overwintering adult of sunn pest and the Management: A Decade of Progress 1994-2004 © 2007 Arab Society for Plant Protection. first generation which begins with eggs laying exposure to biological agent that reduced the population density Honarmand, P. Nouri-Ganbalani and G. Fathi (2007). Eurygaster integriceps Puton and Their Bio control of the pest in field and the recommendation must be no Agents in Ardabil Region. M.Sc. Thesis, University of chemical control in this period in Diyala governorate in Mohaghegh Ardabil, Ardabil Iran (in Persian), 105. Iraq. Javahery, M. (1995). A technical review of Sunn Pest Acknowledgements (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) with special reference to Authors would like to express their gratitude to the Eurygasterintegriceps Puton. FAO Regional Office for the Near East, Cairo, Egypt. anonymous reviewer's constructive comments and suggestions to improve the earlier version of this Kodan, M. and M.O. Gurkan (2007). Mass Production and manuscript. Storage of Trissolcusgrandis (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Pages 295-301. Bruce L. Parker, Margaret References Skinner, Mustapha El Bouhssini & Safaa G. Kumari (Eds.): Abdulhai, M., R. Canhilal, M. El-Bouhssini, W. Reid and F. Sunn Pest Management: A Decade of Progress 1994- Rihawi (2007). Survey of Sun Pest Adult Parasitoids in 2004 © 2007 Arab Society for Plant Protection. Syria. Pages 315-318. Bruce L. Parker, Margaret Skinner, Mohammed, S.M, A.A. Hussain and S.N. Abobaker (1998). Mustapha El Bouhssini & Safaa G. Kumari (Eds.): Sunn Seasonal Abundance of sunn pest in Irbil governorate, Pest Management: A Decade of Progress 1994-2004 © Zanko Journal of Pure and Applied Science, Salah din 2007 Arab Society for Plant Protection. University. Abdulla, S.R., L.H. Assaf (2010). Eurygasterintegriceps in Mohammed Abdel, B.M. (2000). Seasonal presence of the the hibernation sites of Mount Kara (Dahuk governorate) Eurygasterintegriceps with observations about its Al-Rafidain Agricultural Magazine 37, (Appendix 1) 1- natural enemies in Erbil/Iraq. Thesis of the University of 7. Baghdad, College of Education Ibn al-Haytham, 170. Ali, W.K. (1995). Life and Behavioral Studies on the Razak, Z.A.A. and H.F. Alrubeai (2011). Efficiency of Sunn Eurygaster Integrisps in Arbil Governorate, Iraq, Pest, Eurygastertestudinaria (Geaffrov) Egg Parasitoids Master's Thesis, Faculty of Education and Salahuddin in Najaf Governorate, Iraq. Egyptian Journal of University 88. Biological Pest Control, 21(2), 361-368. Ali, W.K. (2011). The level of sunn pest oophagous Shblawy, L.M. and R.S. Aljorany (2018). Sunn Pest Species parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in infested wheat and its Hibernation Sites In Diyala Governorate/Iraq. fields of northern governorate in Iraq with an Iraqi Journal of Agriculture Science, 49(6). identification key of Trissolcus specis. Bull. Iraqnat. Trissi, A.N., M. El-Bouhssini, J. Ibrahem, M. Abdulhai and Hist. Mus., 11(4), 7-15.
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