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Tanzania Human Rights Report 2012 Tanzania Human Rights Report 2012 Part One: Tanzania Mainland – Legal and Tanzania Human Human Rights Centre (LHRC) Rights Report 2012 Part Two: Zanzibar – Zanzibar Legal Services Centre (ZLSC) Tanzania Human Rights Report 2012 ii Publishers Legal and Human Rights Centre Justice Lugakingira House, Kijitonyama P.O Box 75254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Tel: +255222773038/48, Fax: +255222773037 Email: [email protected] Website: www.humanrights.or.tz & Zanzibar Legal Services Centre P.O Box 3360, Zanzibar, Tanzania Tel: +2552422384 Tanzania Fax: +255242234495 Human Email: [email protected] Rights Website: www.zlsc.or.tz Report Partners 2012 Embassy of Sweden Accountability in Tanzania Foundation for Civil Society ISBN: 978-9987-432-97-4 Printer Togo Systematic Investment © LHRC & ZLSC 2013 iii Editorial Board – Part One Dr. Helen Kijo-Bisimba Adv. Harold Sungusia Ms. Rose Mwalongo Mr. Rodrick Maro Researchers Mr. Onesmo Olengurumwa Mr. Pasience Mlowe Tanzania Writers Human Mr. Onesmo Olengurumwa Rights Report Mr. Pasience Mlowe Mr. Joseph Parsambei 2012 Layout & Design Mr. Rodrick Maro iv Acknowledgements The continued preparation of the Tanzania Human Rights Report for the past ten years now has been possible with the contribution from a number of players. These players have jontly made it possible to come up with the report and signify its validity to its users as a reference book, authority in courts of law and informative depicting the human rights situation in the country for a particular year. As for the 2012 Tanzania Human Rights Report, Legal Human Rights Centre (LHRC) and the Zanzibar Legal Services Centre (ZLSC) would like to acknowledge the following for their tireless dedication and devotion to this work. Of course, the list of the persons who helped in one way or another is too long therefor, we would mention a few individuals and institutions. Firstly, LHRC and ZLSC, would like to express its sincere gratitude to its Tanzania researchers and writers of this report, both from Tanzania Mainland and Human Tanzania Zanzibar. There are Onesmo Olengurumwa and Pasience Mlowe Rights for Tanzania Mainland and Mr. Ali Uki and Ms Frieda Pereira for Tanzania Report Zanzibar. Their work is highly valued as the community benefit out of their devotion to this work. Secondly, much appreciation should be extended to Mr. Joseph Parsambei for laying foundation to some of the chapters in this work. 2012 Thirdly, LHRC and ZLSC feel indebted to Mr. Peter Makoye for his tireless work in making photocopy of newspaper cuttings and Mr. Rodrick Maro for filling the same in relevant files according to chapters and the whole editorial board of the ZLSC. LHRC and ZLSC benefit abundantly in its continued engagement with human rights monitors and paralegals across Tanzania. The field monitors and paralegals are the primary interveners to human rights violations in all districts and all electoral constituencies. Their monthly and quarterly reports are very informative and reliable source of statistical data used in this report. However, specific appreciation should be extended to Mr. Berensi Alikadi, Anthony Mayunga and Anthony Sollo for availing all us with some of the pictures that have been used in this report. LHRC and ZLSC highly value the input of paralegals and all other individuals who in any manner suported us in preparation of this report. LHRC and ZLSC enthusiastically acknowledge the contribution from various reports produced by government institutions, private sector, civil societies and the media community and in different was either officially or friendy. We only encourage each institution and individuals to continue without fear or reservation v to share relevant reports in order to enhance transparency and promote right to access information. Moreover, we are grateful to the Parliament of United Republic of Tanzania which has availed us with the information, including that on its website. Throughout this juncture LHRC and ZLSC owe a lot to its staff - technical and administrative, volunteers and interns for their willingness and cooperation during the entire period of preparation of this work. This goes hand in hand with the internal editorial board which took part in proof reading, altering and modifying the initial manuscript to this useful hand of information. To all we feel indebted and with gratetude we acknoweldge specificaly the continued suport of the LHRC & ZLC’S development partiners; the Embassy of Sweeden, the Embassy of Finald, the foundation of civil socety and Aceentablity Tanzania. LHRC & ZLSC Tanzania Human Rights Report 2012 vi Table of Contents Acknowledgements..........................................................................................v List of Figures.............................................................................................xviii List of Tables.................................................................................................xix List of Abbreviations.....................................................................................xxi List of Legislation.........................................................................................xxv List of Cases..............................................................................................xxviii Preface.........................................................................................................xxix a) Vision.......................................................................................... xxix b) Mission....................................................................................... xxix c) LHRC’s Values........................................................................... xxix Introduction................................................................................................xxxii Chapter One....................................................................................................1 Tanzania Human General Overview of Tanzania...................................................................... 1 Rights 1.1 Introduction............................................................................................ 1 Report 1.2 Geography............................................................................................... 1 1.3 People..................................................................................................... 3 2012 1.4 Economy................................................................................................. 4 1.4.1 Economic Situation by 2012........................................................ 5 1.5 Historical Overview: Colonialism to Present......................................... 5 1.6 Governance System................................................................................ 8 1.6.1 The Executive............................................................................... 8 1.6.2 The Legislature............................................................................. 8 1.6.3 The Judiciary................................................................................ 9 Chapter Two..................................................................................................12 Civil Rights and Liberties............................................................................ 12 2.0 Introduction.......................................................................................... 12 2.1 Right to Life......................................................................................... 13 2.1.1 Tanzania is Safe without Death Penalty..................................... 13 2.1.2 Extrajudicial Killings................................................................. 20 2.1.3 Mob Violence............................................................................. 26 2.1.4 Killings Related to Witchcraft Beliefs..................................... 31 vii 2.1.5 Albino Hunt – Discrimination as the Source of Insecurity to PWA.................................................................................... 34 2.1.6 Road Accidents........................................................................... 36 2.2 Equality before the Law: Access to Justice and Fair Trials.................. 39 2.2.1 Independence and Impartiality of the Judiciary......................... 40 2.2.2 Judicial Infrastructure: Resources and Facilities.......................42 2.2.3 Right to Legal Representation....................................................44 2.3 Freedom of Expression in Tanzania..................................................... 46 2.3.1 Right to Information...................................................................47 2.3.2 Freedom of the Media................................................................ 48 2.3.3 Harassment of Journalists........................................................... 53 2.4 Freedom from Torture.......................................................................... 57 Chapter Three............................................................................................... 61 Political Rights .............................................................................................61 3.0 Introduction.......................................................................................... 61 Tanzania 3.1 Freedom of Association........................................................................ 61 Human 3.1.1 Freedom of Association as Civil Societies................................. 62 Rights 3.1.2 Freedom of Association as Political
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