Participation Is Not a Design Fix for Machine Learning
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The Sciences of Design: Observations on an Emerging Field Working Paper
The Sciences of Design: Observations on an Emerging Field Sandeep Purao Carliss Y. Baldwin Alan Hevner Veda C. Storey Jan Pries-Heje Brian Smith Ying Zhu Working Paper 09-056 Copyright © 2008 by Sandeep Purao, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan Hevner, Veda C. Storey, Jan Pries-Heje, Brian Smith, and Ying Zhu Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. The Sciences of Design: Observations on an Emerging Field Sandeep Purao College of IST, Penn State University, Carliss Baldwin Harvard Business School Alan Hevner University of South Florida Veda C. Storey Georgia State University Jan Pries-Heje Roskilde University Brian Smith Penn State University Ying Zhu Georgia State University Excerpted from The Sciences of Design: Observations on an Emerging Field by Purao, Baldwin, Hevner, Storey, Pries-Heje, Smith and Zhu, (c) 2008. Used with permission from Association for Information Systems, Atlanta, GA; 404-413-7444; www.aisnet.org. All rights reserved. Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the authors. THE SCIENCES OF DESIGN OCTOBER 9, 2008 ABSTRACT The boundaries and contours of design sciences continue to undergo definition and refinement. In many ways, the sciences of design defy disciplinary characterization. They demand multiple epistemologies, theoretical orientations (e.g. construction, analysis or intervention) and value considerations. -
Privacy When Form Doesn't Follow Function
Privacy When Form Doesn’t Follow Function Roger Allan Ford University of New Hampshire [email protected] Privacy When Form Doesn’t Follow Function—discussion draft—3.6.19 Privacy When Form Doesn’t Follow Function Scholars and policy makers have long recognized the key role that design plays in protecting privacy, but efforts to explain why design is important and how it affects privacy have been muddled and inconsistent. Tis article argues that this confusion arises because “design” has many different meanings, with different privacy implications, in a way that hasn’t been fully appreciated by scholars. Design exists along at least three dimensions: process versus result, plan versus creation, and form versus function. While the literature on privacy and design has recognized and grappled (sometimes implicitly) with the frst two dimensions, the third has been unappreciated. Yet this is where the most critical privacy problems arise. Design can refer both to how something looks and is experienced by a user—its form—or how it works and what it does under the surface—its function. In the physical world, though, these two conceptions of design are connected, since an object’s form is inherently limited by its function. Tat’s why a padlock is hard and chunky and made of metal: without that form, it could not accomplish its function of keeping things secure. So people have come, over the centuries, to associate form and function and to infer function from form. Software, however, decouples these two conceptions of design, since a computer can show one thing to a user while doing something else entirely. -
Introduction: Design Epistemology
Design Research Society DRS Digital Library DRS Biennial Conference Series DRS2016 - Future Focused Thinking Jun 17th, 12:00 AM Introduction: Design Epistemology Derek Jones The Open University Philip Plowright Lawrence Technological University Leonard Bachman University of Houston Tiiu Poldma Université de Montréal Follow this and additional works at: https://dl.designresearchsociety.org/drs-conference-papers Citation Jones, D., Plowright, P., Bachman, L., and Poldma, T. (2016) Introduction: Design Epistemology, in Lloyd, P. and Bohemia, E. (eds.), Future Focussed Thinking - DRS International Conference 20227, 27 - 30 June, Brighton, United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2016.619 This Miscellaneous is brought to you for free and open access by the Conference Proceedings at DRS Digital Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in DRS Biennial Conference Series by an authorized administrator of DRS Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Introduction: Design Epistemology Derek Jonesa*, Philip Plowrightb, Leonard Bachmanc and Tiiu Poldmad a The Open University b Lawrence Technological University c University of Houston d Université de Montréal * [email protected] DOI: 10.21606/drs.2016.619 “But the world of design has been badly served by its intellectual leaders, who have failed to develop their subject in its own terms.” (Cross, 1982) This quote from Nigel Cross is an important starting point for this theme: great progress has been made since Archer’s call to provide an intellectual foundation for design as a discipline in itself (Archer, 1979), but there are fundamental theoretical and epistemic issues that have remained largely unchallenged since they were first proposed (Cross, 1999, 2007). -
Fashion Design
FASHION DESIGN FAS 112 Fashion Basics (3-0) 3 crs. FAS Fashion Studies Presents fashion merchandise through evaluation of fashion products. Develops awareness of construction, as well as FAS 100 Industrial Sewing Methods (1-4) 3 crs. workmanship and design elements, such as fabric, color, Introduces students to basic principles of apparel construction silhouette and taste. techniques. Course projects require the use of industrial sewing equipment. Presents instruction in basic sewing techniques and FAS 113 Advanced Industrial Sewing Methods (1-4) 3 crs. their application to garment construction. (NOTE: Final project Focuses on application and mastery of basic sewing skills in should be completed to participate in the annual department Little pattern and fabric recognition and problem solving related to Black Dress competition.) individual creative design. Emphasis on technology, technical accuracy and appropriate use of selected materials and supplies. FAS 101 Flat Pattern I (1-4) 3 crs. (NOTE: This course is intended for students with basic sewing Introduces the principles of patternmaking through drafting basic skill and machine proficiency.) block and pattern manipulation. Working from the flat pattern, Prerequisite: FAS 100 with a grade of C or better or placement students will apply these techniques to the creation of a garment as demonstrated through Fashion Design Department testing. design. Accuracy and professional standards stressed. Pattern Contact program coordinator for additional information. tested in muslin for fit. Final garment will go through the annual jury to participate in the annual department fashion show. FAS 116 Fashion Industries Career Practicum and Seminar Prerequisite: Prior or concurrent enrollment in FAS 100 with a (1-10) 3 crs. -
Improving Design Using Autonomous Spatial and Structural Generators
Improving Design using Autonomous Spatial and Structural Generators Herm Hofmeyer, Harry Rutten, Henk Fijneman Structural Design Group, Department of Architecture, Building, and Planning, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, The Netherlands http://w3.bwk.tue.nl Abstract. During a building design process, a structural designer transforms a spatial design into a structural design and this structural system can be improved by optimisation methods or expert views of other structural designers. The im- proved structural system allows the architect a new spatial design, which can be transformed or altered again by the architect. This design cycle can be repeated several times and is defi ned as interaction of spatial and structural design. Case studies are used to demonstrate that this interaction occurs in practice and is needed to improve building quality. This paper presents a program with more or less autonomous spatial and structural generators. Each generator will facilitate one direction in the interaction process. Then using both consecutively leads to a design method that provides interaction between spatial and structural design. For the spatial generator, named “room positioning with structural constraints” a space allocation technique is used including constraints that handle structural boundary conditions. A zone generator based on pattern recognition and shape grammars handle the structural design. A Prolog-2 program was developed to demonstrate the application of the two proposed generators. “Zone generation” is performed per building storey and thus represents a horizontal two-dimensional procedure. Similarly “room positioning with structural constraints” is a planar vertical operation. In future these procedures can be made three-dimensional. Keywords. Spatial design, structural design, interaction, case study, data model. -
Design Science Research and the Grounded Theory
Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) European Conference on Information Systems ECIS 2010 Proceedings (ECIS) 2010 Design Science Research and the Grounded Theory Method: Characteristics, Differences, and Complementary Uses Robert Gregory Goethe University Frankfurt, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2010 Recommended Citation Gregory, Robert, "Design Science Research and the Grounded Theory Method: Characteristics, Differences, and Complementary Uses" (2010). ECIS 2010 Proceedings. 44. http://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2010/44 This material is brought to you by the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) at AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). It has been accepted for inclusion in ECIS 2010 Proceedings by an authorized administrator of AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). For more information, please contact [email protected]. 18th European Conference on Information Systems DESIGN SCIENCE RESEARCH AND THE GROUNDED THEORY METHOD: CHARACTERISTICS, DIFFERENCES, AND COMPLEMENTARY USES Journal: 18th European Conference on Information Systems Manuscript ID: ECIS2010-0045.R1 Submission Type: Research Paper Research methods/methodology, Design/design science, Behavioral Keyword: science, IS research methodologies Page 1 of 12 18th European Conference on Information Systems DESIGN SCIENCE RESEARCH AND THE GROUNDED THEORY METHOD: CHARACTERISTICS, DIFFERENCES, AND COMPLEMENTARY USES Gregory, Robert Wayne, Goethe University Frankfurt, Grüneburgplatz 1, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, [email protected] Abstract Two research strategies that have received increasing scholarly attention recently in IS are design science research (DSR) and the grounded theory method (GTM). In this paper, we conduct a systematic comparison of the most salient characteristics of both research strategies to identify the differences as well as possible complementary uses in a pluralistic research design. -
The Study of Spatial Safety and Social Psychological Health Features Of
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article The Study of Spatial Safety and Social Psychological Health Features of Deaf Children and Children with an Intellectual Disability in the Public School Environment Based on the Visual Access and Exposure (VAE) Model Ning Ma 1, Sa Ma 2, Shuangjin Li 3, Shuang Ma 4,*, Xinzhi Pan 5 and Guohui Sun 6,* 1 College of Art and Design, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; [email protected] 2 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Smart Sensing and Services, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Research Institute for Smart Cities, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; [email protected] 3 Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan; [email protected] 4 Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan 5 Laguardalow Architect, New York, NY 10041, USA; [email protected] 6 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (G.S.); Tel.: +81-80-5919-9031 (S.M.); +86-10-6739-6139 (G.S.) Citation: Ma, N.; Ma, S.; Li, S.; Ma, S.; Pan, X.; Sun, G. The Study of Spatial Abstract: Nowadays, there is increasing attention towards the safety and feelings of children in Safety and Social Psychological urban or architectural space. In this study, the authors suggest a new approach based on the Visual Health Features of Deaf Children and Access and Exposure (VAE) Model to evaluate the spatial safety and social psychological health Children with an Intellectual features of deaf children and children with an intellectual disability in the public school environment. -
An Application of the Design Science Research Theoretical Framework
Journal of Advances in Information Technology Vol. 7, No. 4, November 2016 An Application of the Design Science Research Theoretical Framework and Methodology in the Construction of an Approach for Designing Applications in 3D Virtual Worlds William Sawyerr Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom Email: [email protected] Abstract—This paper discusses the use of the design science In spite of these ideals, the application development research theoretical framework and methodology for process in VWs is currently at an early stage of constructing an approach for designing applications in 3D development, largely utilising existing methods and tools virtual worlds. The research is about the need for a suitable for application design. These methods and tools were method and tools for designing virtual world applications, mostly developed for managing application design which is evidenced by many of the problems that virtual worlds continue to suffer due to poor design. The proposed activities for the classic types of applications in SE. approach uses the generative design grammar framework Therefore, their use is unsuitable for designing VW and the generative design agent model as tools for designing applications. The use of unsuitable methods and tools for virtual world applications. Preliminary analyses suggest designing VW applications results in poorly designed that, the use of a method and tools created specifically for specifications. Poor design is one of the causes of designing virtual world applications provides a suitable and usability problems in VW applications [2]. Furthermore, robust approach for designing these types of applications. poor design can also adversely affect the adoption and use of VWs [3], [4]. -
Theoretically Comparing Design Thinking to Design Methods for Large- Scale Infrastructure Systems
The Fifth International Conference on Design Creativity (ICDC2018) Bath, UK, January 31st – February 2nd 2018 THEORETICALLY COMPARING DESIGN THINKING TO DESIGN METHODS FOR LARGE- SCALE INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS M.A. Guerra1 and T. Shealy1 1Civil Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA Abstract: Design of new and re-design of existing infrastructure systems will require creative ways of thinking in order to meet increasingly high demand for services. Both the theory and practice of design thinking helps to exploit opposing ideas for creativity, and also provides an approach to balance stakeholder needs, technical feasibility, and resource constraints. This study compares the intent and function of five current design strategies for infrastructure with the theory and practice of design thinking. The evidence suggests the function and purpose of the later phases of design thinking, prototyping and testing, are missing from current design strategies for infrastructure. This is a critical oversight in design because designers gain much needed information about the performance of the system amid user behaviour. Those who design infrastructure need to explore new ways to incorporate feedback mechanisms gained from prototyping and testing. The use of physical prototypes for infrastructure may not be feasible due to scale and complexity. Future research should explore the use of prototyping and testing, in particular, how virtual prototypes could substitute the experience of real world installments and how this influences design cognition among designers and stakeholders. Keywords: Design thinking, design of infrastructure systems 1. Introduction Infrastructure systems account for the vast majority of energy use and associated carbon emissions in the United States (US EPA, 2014). -
Design Thinking Methods and Techniques in Design Education
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND PRODUCT DESIGN EDUCATION 7 & 8 SEPTEMBER 2017, OSLO AND AKERSHUS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES, NORWAY DESIGN THINKING METHODS AND TECHNIQUES IN DESIGN EDUCATION Ana Paula KLOECKNER1, Cláudia de Souza LIBÂNIO1,2 and José Luis Duarte RIBEIRO1 1PPGEP/UFRGS, Brazil 2UFCSPA, Brazil ABSTRACT Design Thinking is a human-centred innovation process, with an emphasis on deep understanding of consumers, holistically, integratively, creatively, and awe-inspiring. Design Thinking methods and techniques represents how the theory will be operationalized by following the process steps. These methods and techniques can assist in the project management, especially in the initial phase of inspiration and ideation. Another strategy that can collaborate in project management is agile management, mainly in the execution phase of a project. Agile management prioritizes individuals, interactions between them, customers, appropriate software to operate, and prompt response to changes. Thus, this study aims to propose a model to integrate design thinking and project management methods and techniques and to analyze students’ projects and interactions to verify the applicability of these in ergonomic project management. For the development of the method, it was used the design science methodology, in four main steps called: Research Clarification, Descriptive Study I, Prescriptive Study, and Descriptive Study II. From the use of tools and techniques of design thinking in a project management exercise for students of two classes, it was revealed that the tools used facilitated the project development, helping from the search and organization of information until the deadline established for the delivery of the project. Keywords: Design Thinking, Design Education, Project Management. -
Understanding the Creative Mechanisms of Design Thinking: an Evolutionary Approach
!"#$%&'("#)"*+',$+-%$(').$+/$0,(")&1&+23+4$&)*"+5,)"6)"*7+ 8"+9.2:;')2"(%<+8==%2(0,+ Katja Thoring Roland M. Müller Department of Design Faculty of Business and Economics Anhalt University of Applied Sciences Berlin School of Economics and Law Seminarplatz 2a, 06846 Dessau/Germany Badensche Str. 50/51, 10825 Berlin/Germany +49 (0) 340 5197-1747 +49 (0) 30 85789-387 [email protected] [email protected] 8>?5@8-5+ Since generating creative concepts is one of the core aims In this article, we analyse the concept of design thinking of design thinking, we try to analyse how this is actually with its process, the team structure, the work environment, achieved. The first part of this article presents a short the specific culture, and certain brainstorming rules and overview of the design thinking process, as well as the techniques. The goal of this work is to understand how the involved artefacts and team members, and the underlying creative mechanisms of design thinking work and how they principles and guidelines for the process. In the second might be improved. For this purpose, we refer to the idea of section, we present an overview of the evolutionary theory creativity as an evolutionary process, which is determined of creativity. Both sections also cover the analysis of by generation (i.e., recombination and mutation), selection, existing literature in each area. The third section describes and retention of ideas. We evaluate the design thinking the used methodology, while in the fourth section, the main process in terms of its capabilities to activate these part of this article, we draw a comparison between the two mechanisms, and we propose possible improvements. -
Information Systems Foundations: the Role of Design Science
Information Systems Foundations: The role of design science Information Systems Foundations: The role of design science Dennis N. Hart and Shirley D. Gregor (Editors) THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY E P R E S S E P R E S S Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/is_foundations_citation.html National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Information Systems Foundations (‘The role of design science’) Workshop (2008 : Canberra, A.C.T.) Title: Information systems foundations : the role of design science / edited by Shirley D. Gregor and Dennis N. Hart. ISBN: 9781921666346 (pbk.) ISBN: 9781921666353 (eBook) Notes: Workshop held at the Australian National University in Canberra from 2-3 October, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Subjects: Management information systems--Congresses. Information resources management--Congresses. System design--Congresses. Other Authors/Contributors: Gregor, Shirley Diane. Hart, Dennis N. Dewey Number: 658.4038 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design by Teresa Prowse Cover ilustration by Jackson Gable Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2010 ANU E Press Contents Preface . ix Philosophical Foundations 1 . Identification-interaction-innovation: a phenomenological basis for an information services view . 3 Dirk Hovorka, Matt Germonprez 2 . How critical realism clarifies validity issues in theory- testing research: analysis and case . 21 Robert B. Johnston, Stephen P.