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Burnham Historic Town Assessment Draft Report

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Burnham Historic Town Assessment Draft Report Burnham Historic Town Assessment Draft Report Burnham Historic Town Assessment Report Draft Tuesday 13 July 2010 The Swan Inn, High Street, Burnham Burnham Historic Town Assessment Draft Report Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 4 I DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................... 7 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Project Background and Purpose ............................................................................................ 7 1.2 Aims ......................................................................................................................................... 7 2 Setting ............................................................................................................................................. 13 2.1 Location, Topography & Geology .......................................................................................... 13 2.2 Wider Landscape ................................................................................................................... 13 3 Evidence.......................................................................................................................................... 14 3.1 Historic Maps.......................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Documentary Evidence .......................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Built Heritage.......................................................................................................................... 14 3.4 Archaeological Evidence........................................................................................................ 16 3.5 Environmental Evidence ........................................................................................................ 16 4 Archaeological & Historical Development................................................................................... 19 4.1 Prehistoric period (c.500,000 BC – AD 43)............................................................................ 19 4.2 Roman period (AD 43 – 410) ................................................................................................. 19 4.3 Saxon period (AD 410 – 1066)............................................................................................... 21 4.4 Medieval (1066-1536) ............................................................................................................23 4.5 Post medieval synthesis and components (1536-1800) ........................................................ 28 4.6 Modern (1800-Present) .......................................................................................................... 31 II ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................. 40 5 Designations................................................................................................................................... 40 5.1 Conservation Areas................................................................................................................ 41 5.2 Registered Parks and Gardens.............................................................................................. 41 5.3 Scheduled Monuments .......................................................................................................... 41 5.4 Archaeological Notification Areas .......................................................................................... 41 6 Historic Urban Zones..................................................................................................................... 42 6.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 42 6.2 Historic Urban Zones ............................................................................................................. 42 6.3 Archaeological Assessment................................................................................................... 42 6.4 Heritage Values...................................................................................................................... 45 6.5 Historic Settlement ................................................................................................................. 47 6.6 Modern Settlement................................................................................................................. 50 III RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................ 53 7 Management Recommendations .................................................................................................. 53 7.1 Conservation Area Appraisals................................................................................................ 53 7.2 Registered Parks and Gardens.............................................................................................. 53 7.3 Archaeological Notification Areas .......................................................................................... 53 7.4 Scheduled Monuments .......................................................................................................... 53 8 Research Agenda ........................................................................................................................... 53 8.1 Saxon Burnham ..................................................................................................................... 53 8.2 Foundation of Medieval Burnham .......................................................................................... 53 8.3 Tenement plots - High Street (zone 1)................................................................................... 53 8.4 Burnham’s Historic Buildings (mainly zones 1, 3 and 4)........................................................ 53 8.5 The Priory and Street (zone 2)............................................................................................... 54 8.6 Dissolution of the Burnham Abbey......................................................................................... 54 8.7 Burnham economy and trades............................................................................................... 54 9 Addresses ....................................................................................................................................... 55 1 Appendix: Chronology & Glossary of Terms .............................................................................. 56 1.1 Chronology (taken from Unlocking Buckinghamshire’s Past Website).................................. 56 1.2 Glossary of Terms.................................................................................................................. 56 2 Appendix: HER Records................................................................................................................ 57 2.1 Monuments HER Report........................................................................................................ 57 2.2 Landscapes HER Reports...................................................................................................... 59 2.3 Find Spots .............................................................................................................................. 60 2.4 Listed Buildings ...................................................................................................................... 63 3 Appendix: Trade Listings and Population Data .......................................................................... 67 4 Appendix: Historical Consultancy Report................................................................................... 69 2 Burnham Historic Town Assessment Draft Report List of Illustrations Figure 1: Urban Character Zones for Burnham......................................................................................... 5 Figure 2: Burnham in location.................................................................................................................... 8 Figure 3: Geology (BGS) ........................................................................................................................... 9 Figure 4: Diagram of Connections from Burnham (representational only).............................................. 10 Figure 5: Town in the wider historic landscape using routes and Bucks HLC ........................................ 11 Figure 6: Dispersed settlement around Burnham.................................................................................... 12 Figure 7: Listed Buildings by century ...................................................................................................... 15 Figure 8: Historic maps:........................................................................................................................... 17 Figure 9: Image of Listed Buildings by century. ...................................................................................... 18 Figure 10: Prehistoric and Roman evidence ..........................................................................................
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