Burnham Historic Town Assessment Draft Report Burnham Historic Town Assessment Report Draft Tuesday 13 July 2010 The Swan Inn, High Street, Burnham Burnham Historic Town Assessment Draft Report Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 4 I DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................... 7 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Project Background and Purpose ............................................................................................ 7 1.2 Aims ......................................................................................................................................... 7 2 Setting ............................................................................................................................................. 13 2.1 Location, Topography & Geology .......................................................................................... 13 2.2 Wider Landscape ................................................................................................................... 13 3 Evidence.......................................................................................................................................... 14 3.1 Historic Maps.......................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Documentary Evidence .......................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Built Heritage.......................................................................................................................... 14 3.4 Archaeological Evidence........................................................................................................ 16 3.5 Environmental Evidence ........................................................................................................ 16 4 Archaeological & Historical Development................................................................................... 19 4.1 Prehistoric period (c.500,000 BC – AD 43)............................................................................ 19 4.2 Roman period (AD 43 – 410) ................................................................................................. 19 4.3 Saxon period (AD 410 – 1066)............................................................................................... 21 4.4 Medieval (1066-1536) ............................................................................................................23 4.5 Post medieval synthesis and components (1536-1800) ........................................................ 28 4.6 Modern (1800-Present) .......................................................................................................... 31 II ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................. 40 5 Designations................................................................................................................................... 40 5.1 Conservation Areas................................................................................................................ 41 5.2 Registered Parks and Gardens.............................................................................................. 41 5.3 Scheduled Monuments .......................................................................................................... 41 5.4 Archaeological Notification Areas .......................................................................................... 41 6 Historic Urban Zones..................................................................................................................... 42 6.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 42 6.2 Historic Urban Zones ............................................................................................................. 42 6.3 Archaeological Assessment................................................................................................... 42 6.4 Heritage Values...................................................................................................................... 45 6.5 Historic Settlement ................................................................................................................. 47 6.6 Modern Settlement................................................................................................................. 50 III RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................ 53 7 Management Recommendations .................................................................................................. 53 7.1 Conservation Area Appraisals................................................................................................ 53 7.2 Registered Parks and Gardens.............................................................................................. 53 7.3 Archaeological Notification Areas .......................................................................................... 53 7.4 Scheduled Monuments .......................................................................................................... 53 8 Research Agenda ........................................................................................................................... 53 8.1 Saxon Burnham ..................................................................................................................... 53 8.2 Foundation of Medieval Burnham .......................................................................................... 53 8.3 Tenement plots - High Street (zone 1)................................................................................... 53 8.4 Burnham’s Historic Buildings (mainly zones 1, 3 and 4)........................................................ 53 8.5 The Priory and Street (zone 2)............................................................................................... 54 8.6 Dissolution of the Burnham Abbey......................................................................................... 54 8.7 Burnham economy and trades............................................................................................... 54 9 Addresses ....................................................................................................................................... 55 1 Appendix: Chronology & Glossary of Terms .............................................................................. 56 1.1 Chronology (taken from Unlocking Buckinghamshire’s Past Website).................................. 56 1.2 Glossary of Terms.................................................................................................................. 56 2 Appendix: HER Records................................................................................................................ 57 2.1 Monuments HER Report........................................................................................................ 57 2.2 Landscapes HER Reports...................................................................................................... 59 2.3 Find Spots .............................................................................................................................. 60 2.4 Listed Buildings ...................................................................................................................... 63 3 Appendix: Trade Listings and Population Data .......................................................................... 67 4 Appendix: Historical Consultancy Report................................................................................... 69 2 Burnham Historic Town Assessment Draft Report List of Illustrations Figure 1: Urban Character Zones for Burnham......................................................................................... 5 Figure 2: Burnham in location.................................................................................................................... 8 Figure 3: Geology (BGS) ........................................................................................................................... 9 Figure 4: Diagram of Connections from Burnham (representational only).............................................. 10 Figure 5: Town in the wider historic landscape using routes and Bucks HLC ........................................ 11 Figure 6: Dispersed settlement around Burnham.................................................................................... 12 Figure 7: Listed Buildings by century ...................................................................................................... 15 Figure 8: Historic maps:........................................................................................................................... 17 Figure 9: Image of Listed Buildings by century. ...................................................................................... 18 Figure 10: Prehistoric and Roman evidence ..........................................................................................