DOCSLIB.ORG

Measuring Poverty in Timor-Leste: Using Census Data to Develop a National Multidimensional Poverty Index

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

MEASURING POVERTY IN TIMOR-LESTE: USING CENSUS DATA TO DEVELOP A NATIONAL MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY INDEX Dan Jendrissek* This paper presents work towards the development of a national Multidimensional Poverty Index for Timor-Leste. The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index for Timor-Leste, based on the Demographic and Health Survey, had been calculated previously, but because of sample size limitations, poverty estimates are only reliable for higher levels of administrative units. This paper’s unique contribution is in demonstrating how this hurdle can be overcome by calculating a census-based Multidimensional Poverty Index that allows for robust estimates at lower subnational levels. By using data from the previous two censuses, the study shows a decline in multidimensional poverty across the country, although persistent deprivations remain in some areas. In addition to a discussion on the global Multidimensional Poverty Index, the paper also includes reviews of previous income/consumption-based poverty studies. These survey-based poverty estimates indicate the existence of an “East-West divide” at the highest subnational level, with more households in the western parts of Timor-Leste experiencing poverty than in the eastern parts. The focus of this study is on lower administrative units of the country which do not replicate those findings. The picture emerging is rather one of hard-to-reach areas away from urban centres being most at risk of being left behind. The study contributes to an ever- growing body of research on poverty measures in the context of countries where reliable data at the subnational level are often scarce. The results and applied methodology presented are, therefore, relevant beyond the immediate country context. JEL classification: I32 Keywords: Multidimensional Poverty Index, poverty mapping, Timor-Leste, East Timor, South-East Asia * Dan Jendrissek, Department of Health and Social Care, Windsor House, 42 – 50 Victoria Street, London SW1H 0TL, United Kingdom (email: [email protected]). The research presented in this paper was made possible through a fellowship grant from the Overseas Development Institute. The Institute had no role in the analytical work carried out, nor in the decision to submit the article for publication. The author would like to thank colleagues working for the United Nations in Timor- Leste for their vital input, especially Nick McTurk whose thoughts on methodological issues were invaluable. Asia-Pacific Sustainable Development Journal Vol. 28, No. 1, June 2021 I. INTRODUCTION This paper presents work carried out to develop a national Multidimensional Poverty Index for Timor-Leste based on census data. The Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative has published the Multidimensional Poverty Index for Timor-Leste based on the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey (Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative, 2019). However, because of the inherent sample size limitations, this analysis is only available at the municipality level, the highest subnational level. As discussed in more detail below, local areas within municipalities can vary widely in terms of people’s income, consumption and overall living standards. Aggregate statistics tend to mask these inequalities. Consequently, to carry out effective spatial targeting of poverty, data at lower administrative levels are needed. The main contribution of this paper is the presentation of this kind of disaggregated data. After contextualizing the research within the wider country context, the global Multidimensional Poverty Index for Timor-Leste is reviewed, and examples are given of countries in the wider region that have made multidimensional poverty measures an essential part of domestic policy design. In addition to the global Multidimensional Poverty Index, income and consumption- based approaches to measuring poverty are reviewed, such as the national and international poverty lines of Timor-Leste and the small area estimations of poverty. Strengths and limitations of these approaches are discussed before indicating how a national, census-based Multidimensional Poverty Index can be used for detailed mapping of a Multidimensional Poverty Index at lower administrative levels. The results of the census-based Multidimensional Poverty Index is then compared with the global, survey-based Multidimensional Poverty Index and the monetary poverty estimates. The present paper also complements the recent Timor-Leste Voluntary National Review (Timor-Leste, 2019) of the country’s progress in realizing the Sustainable Development Goals. While data are available for reporting on the proportion of the population living below the national poverty line (Goal indicator 1.2.1, discussed in more detail below), to date, no indicators exist regarding poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions (Goal indicator 1.2.2). The findings of this study contribute towards closing this data gap. The work presented in this study is not to be understood as a finished product. First, methodological questions remain: as this is the first time a census-based Multidimensional Poverty Index has been calculated, the objective was to stay as close as possible to the global Multidimensional Poverty Index methodology, but not all 2 Measuring poverty in Timor-Leste global indicators could be replicated using census data. Malnourishment information, for example, is not collected in the Timor-Leste census, therefore questions remain on how that poverty indicator should be treated methodologically if the aim is to stay close to the global methodology. Second, the methodology does not yet hold the status of being “official” statistics and is likely to be adjusted in the future according to the wider country context and government priorities. Accordingly, references to “national Multidimensional Poverty Index” are the “suggested” or “proposed” national Multidimensional Poverty Index. Despite these caveats, the work presented constitutes an innovative approach to poverty mapping. It outlines how a national Multidimensional Poverty Index based on census data can produce a more fine-grained picture than one based on survey data, which has not been done in the case of Timor-Leste. In addition, the work shows how a census-based Multidimensional Poverty Index allows for the tracking of poverty levels over time by comparing the 2015 Census with the 2010 Census. In this respect, the work presented here is relevant beyond Asia and the Pacific and can easily be replicated for other low-income countries where similar census data are available. II. COUNTRY CONTEXT To start with, in this section, the research is contextualized in the wider country context. Despite being an oil-exporting country that has made remarkable economic progress over the past decade, Timor-Leste is still one of the poorest countries in the region. Reliable poverty data are, therefore, essential to tackle the many challenges the country is encountering. After almost twenty-five years of Indonesian occupation, the Timorese people voted to restore independence in 1999. Only hours after the referendum, the Indonesian military and militias started a campaign that led to the destruction of 70 to 90 per cent of the country’s infrastructure, including health facilities, schools, water supply, roads and irrigation systems (CAVR, 2013, p. 300; Albrecht and others, 2018, p. 1). After intervention from the International Force East Timor and a handover to the United Nations Transitional Administration in East-Timor in 2000, the country seemed to be preparing for a transition away from the past conflict. However, tensions resurfaced in 2006 when a violent confrontation between the armed forces and police linked to a complex set of political and institutional conflicts (Brady and Timberman, 2006), triggered another extended outbreak of violence for several months. The violence 3 Asia-Pacific Sustainable Development Journal Vol. 28, No. 1, June 2021 led to the displacement of more than 100,000 people and created insecurity, often dividing communities along regional divisions. Another United Nations mission was initiated in August 2006, which lasted until 2012. Since then, the country has largely been at peace, but severe challenges remain (for a more detailed overview of the recent history of Timor-Leste, especially during the United Nations peacebuilding missions, see, for example, Menon (2019)). Timor-Leste ranks 110 out of 119 countries on the Global Hunger Index 2018, scoring 34.2 which was classified as “serious” and bordering on “alarming”. Only Afghanistan, Sudan, Haiti, Yemen, Chad, Zambia, Madagascar, Sierra Leone and the Central African Republic ranked lower (Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe, 2018). Despite major improvements in the field of access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), more than one third (38 per cent) of all households are still using either an unimproved toilet facility or are practising open defecation. Rural areas are especially at risk of being left behind in this context. A quarter of all rural households in the country are still practising open defecation. While approximately only 5 per cent of households in urban areas have to either defecate in the open or use an unimproved facility, this number balloons to more than 50 per cent in rural areas; every other household, therefore, is very far off from universal access to safely managed sanitation (Timor-Leste, 2019, pp. 80-86). Considerable work has been directed towards rebuilding the educational
Recommended publications
  • Relatório Do Segundo Trimestre De 2018

    Relatório Do Segundo Trimestre De 2018

    VIII GOVERNO CONSTITUCIONAL RELATÓRIO DO SEGUNDO TRIMESTRE DE 2018 DESEMPENHO DO GOVERNO E DE INSTITUIÇÕES DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA NA EXECUÇÃO DE PROGRAMAS COM ORÇAMENTO EM REGIME DE DUODÉCIMOS Gabinete do Primeiro-Ministro UPMA - Unidade de Planeamento, Monitorização e Avaliação República Democrática de Timor-Leste Relatório do Segundo Trimestre de 2018 - Página 2 de 120 República Democrática de Timor-Leste ÍNDICE LISTA DE QUADROS ...................................................................................................................................... 5 LISTA DE GRÁFICOS ...................................................................................................................................... 6 PARTE I. INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................................................. 7 1. Enquadramento do Relatório do Segundo Trimestre ....................................................................... 7 2. Estrutura do Relatório e Questões Transversais ............................................................................... 7 PARTE II. RESULTADOS GERAIS DO SEGUNDO TRIMESTRE .................................................................... 9 1. Dotação Orçamental no Segundo Trimestre ..................................................................................... 9 2. Principais Resultados ....................................................................................................................... 11 3. Principais Constrangimentos
  • Responsibility and Accountability

    Responsibility and Accountability

    Part 8: Responsibility and Accountability Part 8: Responsibility and Accountability ..............................................................................................1 Part 8: Responsibility and Accountability ..............................................................................................2 8.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................2 8.2 Principal findings..........................................................................................................................5 8.3 Methodology for identification of institutional responsibility.....................................................11 8.4 Responsibility and accountability of the Indonesian security forces .......................................15 High-level responsibility........................................................................................................................51 The scale of violations:.........................................................................................................................52 The pattern of violations.......................................................................................................................52 Strategy.................................................................................................................................................52 Institutional norms and culture.............................................................................................................53
  • Walking in Hato Builico Timor Leste

    Walking in Hato Builico Timor Leste

    Blue Mountains East Timor Friendship Committee The Friendship Committee was formed in 2006 as part of an Australia-wide initiative to develop friendship agreements with communities in Timor-Leste. To date, more than 40 councils across Australia have participated. Walking in Hato Builico The Blue Mountains committee is made up of community members, councillors and council staff from Blue Mountains City Council, all committed to improving the lives of the rural community of Hato Builico. A partner committee of residents of Hato Timor Leste Builico assesses the needs of the community and liaises with the Blue Mountains to progress projects. Fundraising events are organised regularly by volunteers. If you live in or plan to visit Australia in 2012, what about raising funds for Hato Builico by joining the sponsored Trek for Timor Blue Mountains on September 15th 2012. 50km or 15km - the choice is yours. www.trekfortimorbm.org.au Members of the Blue Mountains committee visit regularly on self-funded trips to monitor progress of projects and to talk to villagers about their needs. In 2011, a volunteer from Australian Volunteers International will spend extended periods in Hato Builico to work on local projects. Projects so far have included: Refurbishment of a community centre for training and community meetings Scholarships for 43 students to attend primary school, high school and university Collaborations between schools in East Timor and Blue Mountains Hedge seedlings to counteract the effects of deforestation Solar panels for the community centre Two water tanks for the community centre (supported by Rotary) Sports equipment, school equipment, readers and guitars for schools as well as participation in training for sports teaching And of course – this project! Two volunteers from the Blue Mountains spent three months living in Hato Builico and developing this series of guided walks.
  • East Timor Law and Justice Bulletin (ETLJB), the Principal International NGO That Runs an HIV-AIDS Transmission Reduction Program Excludes Gays from Its Program

    East Timor Law and Justice Bulletin (ETLJB), the Principal International NGO That Runs an HIV-AIDS Transmission Reduction Program Excludes Gays from Its Program

    TIMOR-LESTE Timor-Leste is a multiparty parliamentary republic with a population of approximately 1.1 million. President Jose Ramos-Horta was head of state. Prime Minister Kay Rala Xanana Gusmao headed a four-party coalition government formed following free and fair elections in 2007. International security forces in the country included the UN Police (UNPOL) within the UN Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT) and the International Stabilization Force (ISF), neither of which was under the direct control of the government. The national security forces are the National Police (PNTL) and Defense Forces (F-FDTL). Security forces reported to civilian authorities, but there were some problems with discipline and accountability. Serious human rights problems included police use of excessive force during arrest and abuse of authority; perception of impunity; arbitrary arrest and detention; and an inefficient and understaffed judiciary that deprived citizens of due process and an expeditious and fair trial. Domestic violence, rape, and sexual abuse were also problems. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From: a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life There were no politically motivated killings by the government or its agents during the year; however, on August 27, F-FDTL soldiers were involved in a fight with locals in Laivai, Lautem, in which one civilian was beaten to death. The case was handed to the Prosecutor General's Office and the Human Rights Ombudsman for investigation. At year's end the investigation was ongoing. There were no developments in the May 2009 case in which a group of F-FDTL members allegedly beat two men on a beach in Dili; one of the victims was subsequently found dead.
  • Timor-Leste's Growing Engagement with the Pacific Islands Region

    Timor-Leste's Growing Engagement with the Pacific Islands Region

    110 Regionalism, Security & Cooperation in Oceania Chapter 8 Acting West, Looking East: Timor-Leste’s Growing Engagement with the Pacific Islands Region Jose Kai Lekke Sousa-Santos Executive Summary • Timor-Leste is situated geopolitically and culturally at the crossroads of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands region, and has pursued a two-pil- lared neighborhood foreign policy of “comprehensive and collective en- gagement,” which is defined by “Acting West” and “Looking East.” • Timor-Leste is seeking to integrate itself within regional governance and security structures, and institutions of both Southeast Asia and the Pa- cific Islands, thereby increasing its strategic role as a conduit for cooper- ation and collaboration between the two regions. • Timor-Leste is of increasing geostrategic importance to the Asia Pacific in view of the growing focus on the Pacific Ocean in terms of resource security and the growing competition between China and the United States. • Timor-Leste could play an increasingly significant role in regional de- fense diplomacy developments if the Melanesian Spearhead Group re- gional peacekeeping force is realized. Timor-Leste’s Engagement with the Pacific Islands Region - Santos 111 “We may be a small nation, but we are part of our inter- connected region. Our nation shares an island with Indone- sia. We are part of the fabric of Southeast Asia. And we are on the cross road of Asia and the Pacific.” 1 - Xanana Kay Rala Gusmao Introduction Timor-Leste is situated geopolitically and culturally on the crossroads of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands region and has, since achieving in- dependence in 2002, pursued a two-pillared neighborhood foreign policy of ‘Acting West’ and ‘Looking East.’ Timor-Leste claims that its geographic position secures the “half-island” state as an integral and categorical part of Southeast Asia while at the same time, acknowledging the clear links it shares with its Pacific Island neighbors to the west, particularly in the areas of development and security.
  • FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Report No: PAD3216 INTERNATIONAL

    FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Report No: PAD3216 INTERNATIONAL

    FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Report No: PAD3216 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED CREDIT IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR 42.5 MILLION (US$59.0 MILLION EQUIVALENT) TO THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF TIMOR-LESTE FOR A TIMOR-LESTE BRANCH ROADS PROJECT November 1, 2019 Transport Global Practice East Asia And Pacific Region This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective June 30, 2019) Currency Unit = United States Dollar (US$) SDR 0.71932 = US$1 US$1.39021 = SDR 1 FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 Vice President: Victoria Kwakwa Country Director: Rodrigo A. Chaves Regional Director: Ranjit Lamech Practice Manager: Almud Weitz Task Team Leader(s): Rodrigo Archondo-Callao, Elena Y. Chesheva ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic ADB Asian Development Bank ADN Agência de Desenvolvimento Nacional (National Development Agency) CAFI Conselho de Administração do Fundo Infraestrutura (Council for the Administration of the Infrastructure Fund) CERC Contingent Emergency Response Component CESMP Contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan CO2 Carbon Dioxide DA Designated Account DED Detailed Engineering Design DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade DG Director General DRBFC Directorate of Roads, Bridges and Flood Control EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return EMP Environmental Management Plan
  • Use of Train Transport to Bridge Social-Economic Activities Between Indonesia and Timor Leste Along the Northern Coast of the Is

    Use of Train Transport to Bridge Social-Economic Activities Between Indonesia and Timor Leste Along the Northern Coast of the Is

    Advances in Engineering Research, volume 199 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2020–Technology, Engineering and Agriculture (ICoSITEA 2020) Use of Train Transport to Bridge Social-Economic Activities Between Indonesia and Timor Leste Along the Northern Coast of the Island of Timor: A Preliminary Study Don Gaspar Noesaku da Costa1*, Robertus Mas Rayawulan 1, Krisantos Ria Bela1, Mauritius I.R. Naikofi1, Engelbertha N. Bria Seran 1, Rani Hendrikus1 1Study Program of Civil Engineering, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira, Kupang, Indonesia *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Trading, agriculture, transportation and communication as well as services sectors are the prime contributors of the regional gross of domestic product in the island of Timor. However, the increasing of such priority sectors was relatively constant which might be occurred due to inappropriate efforts in integrating the transportation infrastructure and potential social-economic activities intra and/or inner districts. This paper focusing on how to increase such regional social-economic structure by developing better transportation services system which is assumed could attract tourism traveling number, i.e. based on integration between railways transportation system and local natural resources and/or social-economic activities. The indication of technical, economic, social and environmental as well as institutional arrangement feasibility then was analyzed using SWOT model. It was strongly indicated that the development of transportation network services based on railways network could trigger the augmentation of not only tourism trips but also the type, number, scale and spatial distribution of social-economic activities along the Northern coast of the island of Timor, as well as the regional gross of domestic product of both countries Keywords—functional connectivity, social-economic activities, Timor Island, tourism train transport, transport land use 1.
  • Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of COVID-19 in Timor-Leste

    Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of COVID-19 in Timor-Leste

    Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of COVID-19 in Timor-Leste United Nations Timor-Leste 2020 with technical lead from UNDP Socio-economic impact assessment of COVID-19 in Timor-Leste Research Team Dolgion Aldar (UNDP SEIA and Livelihoods Consultant), Noelle Poulson (UNDP MSME Consultant), Ricardo Santos (UNDP Social Protection Consultant), Frank Eelens (UNFPA Sampling and Data Analysis Consultant), Guido Peraccini (UNFPA Database Consultant), Carol Boender (UN Women Gender Consultant), Nicholas McTurk (UNFPA), Sunita Caminha (UN Women), Scott Whoolery (UNICEF), Munkhtuya Altangerel (UNDP) and Ronny Lindstrom (UNFPA). Acknowledgements This Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of COVID-19 in Timor-Leste was led by UNDP and conducted in collaboration with UNFPA, UN Women and UNICEF. This study benefited from comments and feedback from all UN agencies in Timor-Leste including FAO (Solal Lehec, who provided valuable inputs to the sections related to food security in this report), ILO, IOM, WFP, WHO, the UN Human Rights Adviser Unit and UN Volunteers. SEIA team expresses its gratitude to the UN Resident Coordinator, Roy Trivedy, and the entire UN Country Team in Timor-Leste for providing overall guidance and support. We would like to sincerely thank all of the community members in Baucau, Bobonaro, Dili, Oecusse and Viqueque who participated in the SEIA questionnaires and interviews for being open and willing to share their stories and experiences for the development of this report. We would also like to thank the numerous individuals in government offices, institutions and organizations around the country who shared their time, expertise and insights to strengthen our understanding of the broader socio- economic context of Timor-Leste.
  • Timor-Leste Building Agribusiness Capacity in East Timor

    Timor-Leste Building Agribusiness Capacity in East Timor

    Timor-Leste Building Agribusiness Capacity in East Timor (BACET) Cooperative Agreement 486-A-00-06-00011-00 Quarterly Report July 01 - September 30, 2010 Submitted to: USAID/Timor-Leste Dili, Timor-Leste Angela Rodrigues Lopes da Cruz, Agreement Officer Technical Representative Submitted by: Land O’Lakes, Inc. International Development Division P. O. Box 64281 St. Paul, MN 55164-0281 U.S.A. October 2010 © Copyright 2010 by Land O'Lakes, Inc. All rights reserved. Building Agribusiness Capacity in East Timor CA # 486-A-00-06-00011-00 BUILDING AGRIBUSINESS CAPACITY IN EAST TIMOR USAID CA# 486-A-00-06-00011-00 Quarterly Report July - September 2010 Name of Project: Building Agribusiness Capacity in East Timor Locations: Fuiloro, Lautem District Maliana, Bobonaro District Natarbora, Manatutu District Dates of project: September 22, 2006 – September 30, 2011 Total estimated federal funding: $6,000,000 Total federal funding obligated: $6,000,000 Total project funds spent to September 30, 2010: $5,150,425 Contact in Timor-Leste: Michael J. Parr, Chief of Party Telephone: +670 331-2719 Mobile: +670 735-4382 E-mail: [email protected] Summary: BACET directly contributes to USAID/Timor- Leste’s agriculture and workforce development strategies for economic growth. though categorized as a capacity building and workforce development activity, many of the key activities of BACET have included infrastructure improvements, which are longer-term in nature. Similarly, teacher training and changed teaching methods have long-term impact. Quarterly Report July - September 2010 Land O'Lakes, Inc. Building Agribusiness Capacity in East Timor CA # 486-A-00-06-00011-00 Table of Contents 1.
  • Dili to Baucau Highway Project Project Administration Manual

    Dili to Baucau Highway Project Project Administration Manual

    Project Administration Manual Project Number: 50211-001 Loan Number: LXXXX October 2016 Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste: Dili to Baucau Highway Project ABBREVIATIONS ADB = Asian Development Bank ADF = Asian Development Fund APFS = audited project financial statements CQS = consultant qualification selection DMF = design and monitoring framework EARF = environmental assessment and review framework EIA = environmental impact assessment EMP = environmental management plan ESMS = environmental and social management system GACAP = governance and anticorruption action plan GDP = gross domestic product ICB = international competitive bidding IEE = initial environmental examination IPP = indigenous people plan IPPF = indigenous people planning framework LAR = land acquisition and resettlement LIBOR = London interbank offered rate NCB = national competitive bidding NGOs = nongovernment organizations PAI = project administration instructions PAM = project administration manual PIU = project implementation unit QBS = quality based selection QCBS = quality- and cost based selection RRP = report and recommendation of the President to the Board SBD = standard bidding documents SGIA = second generation imprest accounts SOE = statement of expenditure SPS = Safeguard Policy Statement SPRSS = summary poverty reduction and social strategy TOR = terms of reference CONTENTS _Toc460943453 I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 II. IMPLEMENTATION PLANS 2 A. Project Readiness Activities 2 B. Overall Project Implementation Plan 3 III. PROJECT MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS 4 A. Project Implementation Organizations – Roles and Responsibilities 4 B. Key Persons Involved in Implementation 5 C. Project Organization Structure 6 IV. COSTS AND FINANCING 7 A. Detailed Cost Estimates by Expenditure Category 8 B. Allocation and Withdrawal of Loan Proceeds 9 C. Detailed Cost Estimates by Financier 10 D. Detailed Cost Estimates by Outputs/Components 11 E. Detailed Cost Estimates by Year 12 F. Contract and Disbursement S-curve 13 G.
  • Dili to Baucau Highway Project

    Dili to Baucau Highway Project

    Updated Corrective Action Plan Project Number: 50211-001 May 2018 TIM: Dili to Baucau Highway Project Prepared by Ministry of Development and Institutional Reform for the Asian Development Bank. The Updated Corrective Action Plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country programme or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Ministry of Development and of Institutional Reform Dili to Baucau Highway Project CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN (CAP) Completion Report Package A01-02 (Manatuto-Baucau) May 2018 Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Corrective Action Plan (CAP) Ministry of Development and of Institutional Reform Completion Report Dili to Baucau Highway Project Table of Contents List of Tables ii List of Figures iii Acronyms iv List of Appendices v 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Objectives 1 1.2 Methodology 2 2 THE PROJECT 3 2.1 Overview of the Project 3 2.2 Project Location 3 3 LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK 5 3.1 Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement 5 3.2 Definition of Terms Use in this Report 5 4 RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 0 5 THE RAP PROCESS 0 5.1 RAP Preparation 0 5.1.1 RAP of 2013 0 5.1.2 RAP Validation in 2015 0 5.1.3 Revalidation
  • Pante-Macassar (East Timor) Ana Santos1 and Ana Virtudes2 1Phd Candidate in Civil Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte Do Lameiro Ed

    Pante-Macassar (East Timor) Ana Santos1 and Ana Virtudes2 1Phd Candidate in Civil Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte Do Lameiro Ed

    STARTCON19 STARTCON19 - International Doctorate Students Conference + Lab Workshop in Civil Engineering Volume 2020 Conference Paper Housing Planning for Informal Settlements: Pante-Macassar (East Timor) Ana Santos1 and Ana Virtudes2 1PhD candidate in Civil Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro Ed. II das Engenharias, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal 2C-MADE, Centre of Materials and Building Technologies, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro Ed. II das Engenharias, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal Abstract Regeneration of informal settlements is a topic being studied worldwide. Generally, cities comprise informal settlements, and consequently sustainability problems, requiring urgent actions. Often, the solutions regarding informal settlements do not adequately consider the local features, leading to difficulties such as environmental and public health deteriorations, weakening of housing access or troubles related to economic sustainability. Additionally, some housing programs don’t fit in community characteristics of social inequalities and poverty. In this sense, this paper intends Corresponding Author: to show the results of the development of a research methodology, to carry out Ana Santos strategies and to pursuit strategies of rethinking informal housing settlements, in an [email protected] integrated and resilient way. It concludes with the application of a theoretical model Received: 7 January 2020 to an informal neighbourhood in Pante Macassar, a city in the Oé-Cusse region of Accepted: 21 April 2020 East Timor. The interest in this approach results from an ongoing Doctorate program Published: 3 May 2020 in Civil Engineering at the University of Beira Interior, focused on the development of a set of good practice guidelines for the informal city regeneration.