Responsible Hospitality: Inclusive, Active, Green
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RESPONSIBLE HOSPITALITY: INCLUSIVE, ACTIVE, GREEN Editors Mitja Gorenak Andreja Trdina December 2018 Title Responsible Hospitality: Inclusive, Active, Green Editors assoc. prof. Mitja Gorenak, PhD, (University of Maribor, Faculty of Tourism) assist. prof. Andreja Trdina, PhD, (University of Maribor, Faculty of Tourism) Authors Anu Harju-Myllyaho, Salla Jutila, Tanja Lešnik Štuhec, Mihaela Škrlj Brglez, Barbara Izlakar, Barbara Pavlakovič, Maja Gorenc Šulc, Larisa Žibert, Jasna Potočnik Topler, Marko Koščak, Tony O`Rourke, Ivana Mišković, Iva Škrbić, Sonja Mlaker Kač, Irena Gorenak, Tomi Špindler, Katja Kokot, Maja Turnšek, Milica Rančić, Marjetka Rangus, Biljana Božinovski & Boštjan Brumen. Scientific reviews assist. prof. Miha Lesjak, PhD, (University of Primorska, Faculty of Tourism Studies - Turistica) assist. prof. Srđan Milošević, PhD, (University Educons, Faculty for Sports and Tourism TIMS) Language check Shelagh Margaret Hedges Technical editor Jan Perša, MEng (University of Maribor Press) Cover Designer Jan Perša, MEng (University of Maribor Press) Cover graphics Pixabay.org (CC0) Co-published by University of Maribor, Faculty of Tourism Cesta prvih borcev 36, 8250 Brežice, Slovenia https://ft.um.si, [email protected] Published by University of Maribor Press Slomškov trg 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia http://press.um.si, [email protected] Edition 1st Type of publication e-book Available at http://press.um.si/index.php/ump/catalog/book/381 Published Maribor, december 2018 © University of Maribor, University Press All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Univerzitetna knjižnica Maribor 338.48-53 RESPONSIBLE hospitality: inclusive, active, green [Elektronski vir] / editors Mitja Gorenak, Andreja Trdina. - Maribor : University of Maribor Press, 2018 Način dostopa (URL): http://press.um.si/index.php/ump/catalog/book/381 ISBN 978-961-286-226-8 doi: 10.18690/978-961-286-226-8 1. Gorenak, Mitja COBISS.SI-ID 95860993 ISBN 978-961-286-226-8 (PDF) DOI https://doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-226-8 Price Free copy For publisher full prof. Zdravko Kačič, PhD, University of Maribor Rector RESPONSIBLE HOSPITALITY: INCLUSIVE, ACTIVE, GREEN M. Gorenak & A. Trdina (eds.) RESPONSIBLE HOSPITALITY: INCLUSIVE, ACTIVE, GREEN MITJA GORENAK & ANDREJA TRDINA1 Abstract The book broadens the reach of Tourism studies by providing comprehensive and rigorous examinations of many issues related to Responsible Tourism development. The collection considers the subject of Responsible Hospitality broadly, and in line with concerns for the social, cultural, economic and natural environment. It provides a distinctive and balanced overview of both theoretical issues and practical cases. Starting from the perspective that commitments to accessibility and social inclusiveness are the ultimate frame of reference for Responsible Tourism development, in part 1) the collection first provides contributions on Accessible Tourism and social sustainability through the principle of inclusion. In the context of the rising demand for all-encompassing and in-depth experiences, the contributions presented in Part 2) contribute to understanding of Active Tourism and Sports Tourism. Finally, the authors of contributions also examine the issues of Responsible Tourism development in the context of green, healthy and local from three different perspectives: That of tourists, local (service) providers, and from the governance level. The overall aim of the book is, thus, to construct a vision of hospitality that operates in a manner that supports people and communities, promotes responsible environmental consumption, and is socially inclusive. Ključne besede: • hospitality • responsibility • Accessible Tourism • Active Tourism • Sport Tourism • green • local • CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS: Mitja Gorenak, PhD, Associate Professor, University of Maribor, Faculty of Tourism, Cesta prvih borcev 36, 8250 Brežice, Slovenia, e-mail: [email protected]. Andreja Trdina, PhD, Assistant Professor, University of Maribor, Faculty of Tourism, Cesta prvih borcev 36, 8250 Brežice, Slovenia, e-mail: [email protected]. DOI https://doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-226-8 ISBN 978-961-286-226-8 Available at: http://press.um.si. RESPONSIBLE HOSPITALITY: INCLUSIVE, ACTIVE, GREEN M. Gorenak & A. Trdina (eds.) Table of Content EDITORIAL 1 Mitja Gorenak & Andreja Trdina SECTION I.: ACCESSIBLE TOURISM 7 CHAPTER 1: THE MEANING OF ACCESSIBLE 9 TOURISM Anu Harju-Myllyaho & Salla Jutila CHAPTER 2: DESTINATION MANAGEMENT 21 ORGANISATION AS A DRIVER FOR AN ACCESSIBLE DESTINATION FOR ACTIVE HOLIDAYS Tanja Lešnik Štuhec CHAPTER 3: MULTI-SENSORY TOURIST 45 PROGRAMME FOR BLIND AND VISUALLY IMPAIRED AS PART OF TOURIST GUIDES` TRAINING Mihaela Škrlj Brglez & Barbara Izlakar CHAPTER 4: THE EFFECT OF DEMAND BY 63 SPECIALIST TOURIST GROUPS ON MUSEUM AWARENESS OF POTENTIAL NEW VISITORS Barbara Pavlakovič & Maja Gorenc Šulc CHAPTER 5: THE WORLD'S MOST FAMOUS CAVE 85 AND ITS DRAGONS WELCOME ALL TOURISTS Larisa Žibert & Jasna Potočnik Topler SECTION II.: ACTIVE & SPORTS TOURISM 93 CHAPTER 6: ACTIVE & ADVENTURE TOURISM IN 95 THE PLANNING OF LOCAL DESTINATION MANAGEMENT - WITH CASE STUDIES FROM SLOVENIA AND SCOTLAND Marko Koščak & Tony O`Rourke ii Kazalo CHAPTER 7: CROSS-BORDER EDEN 125 DESTINATIONS NETWORKING FOR OFFERING HOLISTIC PROGRAMMES FOR ACTIVE SENIORS Tanja Lešnik Štuhec CHAPTER 8: SPORT AND RECREATIONAL 139 TOURISM AS AN AGENT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS Ivana Mišković & Iva Škrbić CHAPTER 9: BIKE SHARING IN TOURISM FROM A 153 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PERSPECTIVE: A CASE OF INNOVATIVE APPROACH IN PODČETRTEK Sonja Mlaker Kač & Irena Gorenak CHAPTER 10: THE INFLUENCE OF GENERATIONS 165 AND THEIR VALUES ON TOURISM PRODUCT SELECTION – THEORETICAL OVERVIEW Tomi Špindler SECTION III.: GREEN TOURISM 193 CHAPTER 11: VALUES AND THEIR ROLE IN AN 195 ECO-FRIENDLY AND ACTIVE VACATION Katja Kokot CHAPTER 12: GASTRO-DISTRIBUTION – THE 209 NEGLECTED LINK BETWEEN LOCALLY PRODUCED FOOD AND TOURISM Maja Turnšek & Milica Rančić CHAPTER 13: OVERTOURISM AND THE GREEN 225 POLICY OF SLOVENIAN TOURISM Marjetka Rangus, Biljana Božinovski & Boštjan Brumen SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS 235 ABOUT THE AUTHORS & EDITORS 245 RESPONSIBLE HOSPITALITY: INCLUSIVE, ACTIVE, GREEN M. Gorenak & A. Trdina (eds.) EDITORIAL MITJA GORENAK & ANDREJA TRDINA DOI https://doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-226-8.eds As tourist practices expand increasingly to provide an ever more diverse array of sensations of touch, smell, sound and also movement, the idea of tourism characterised primarily as a visual experience has become challenged, according to Edensor (2016). People today seek all-encompassing experiences, that are mindful and embodied endeavours. Gazing at a view is only a fragment of the way the material world is engaged in practice, as argued by Crouch (2000, 68). Individuals engage and grasp the world through a process of embodiment (ibid., 67). Embodiment denotes the ways in which the individual grasps the world and makes sense of it in ways that engage both mind and body. Active Tourism, grounded in active mental and physical participation, then, in particular, contests and transcends the prominent Urry's (1990) metaphor of the 'tourist gaze', privileging the sense of vision within the tourist experience, as tourists encounter the world multi-sensually and multi-dimensionally. In other words, just as our perception is multimodal, so too our tourist experience is a unified bundle of sensations from multiple sensory modalities. Arising from the principles of ensuring equal opportunities and promoting social inclusion in tourism, Active- Tourism offerings have to be customised to specific access requirements of people of different lifestyles, opportunities and living conditions. Responsible hospitality therefore has to take into account the diversity of tourists in terms of mobility, age, sensory impairments, intellectual disability or health condition, and, 2 RESPONSIBLE HOSPITALITY: INCLUSIVE, ACTIVE, GREEN thus, promote universal accessibility – promoting all–encompassing and in-depth tourism experiences that can be enjoyed equally by everybody, regardless of one’s abilities (UNWTO 2016). The economic and sociocultural significance of tourism today cannot be overstated. The aim of the book is to construct a vision of hospitality that operates in a manner that supports people and communities, promotes responsible environmental consumption, and is socially inclusive. It is structured into three parts, each of them considered a pillar in responsible tourism development: 1) Accessible Tourism, 2) Active and Sports Tourism and 3) Green Tourism. Within each section, approaches are explored to building awareness, agenda, and action for responsible tourism development. The book project began as an idea within the Erasmus + project Feel the Freedom of the Water, part of which were several events that brought together academics and practitioners and opened the discussion about the topics of the book. One of these events was also the 4th annual scientific conference on Tourism and Development 2017: Active and Sports Tourism: Feel the Freedom of Water, that took place at the end of 2017 in Brežice, Slovenia, where, again, many of the thoughts were exchanged about the content of this book.