DOCSLIB.ORG

Henry Tutwiler, Alva Woods, and the Problem Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Henry Tutwiler, Alva Woods, and the Problem Of SOUTHERN HONOR AND NORTHERN PIETY: HENRY TUTWILER, ALVA WOODS, AND THE PROBLEM OF DISCIPLINE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA, 1831-1837 by KEVIN LEE WINDHAM A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Educational Leadership, Policy, and Technology Studies in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2010 Copyright Kevin Lee Windham 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT The University of Alabama opened its doors in April 1831, and over the next six years, the first president, Alva Woods, was confronted by numerous episodes of student misdeeds. Knife fights, dueling, shootings, slave baiting, hazing, the torture of animals, and the destruction of property were common events on campus. Woods—a Baptist minister from Vermont—was never able to end the troubles; in fact, student defiance ultimately led to mass resignations by the faculty and the installation of a new president. However, the traditional reading of Woods’ tenure at Alabama has not taken into account deeper issues. At the heart of Woods’ difficulty was a contest for discipline. He came to Tuscaloosa determined to establish a religiously orthodox vision of virtuous conduct for the future leaders of Alabama. Woods himself was the product of New England’s theological schism between Calvinism and Unitarianism. At that time he was mentored by his uncle Leonard Woods, who instilled in him a challenge to counter the spread of liberal theology by teaching the ethics of Christian piety. This was the charge that he pursued first at Columbian College, then as interim president of Brown University, as president of Transylvania University, and finally at Alabama. While resolved to carry out his mission, he was met by seemingly constant waves of student insubordination. The students hailed from the homes of the planter elite where their rearing supplied them with ideals of privilege, and where spiritedness and indulged independence were rewarded rather than harnessed. Honor not piety was the Southern way and this premise was juxtapose Woods’ theory of moral discipline. These two guiding principles remained at loggerheads until 1837 when Woods retreated to New England. Moreover, these are ii the two ideologies that have been neglected in the historiography of The University of Alabama. The first six years of the University’s history must be understood not just as an era where boys were being boys or where student actions are summed up as the expected exaggerations of adolescence; rather, it was an era shaped by the clash of two great cultures, honor and piety. iii DEDICATION To God be the Glory. In thanksgiving to God, I dedicate this dissertation in memory of my father and honor of my mother. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many professors, teachers, colleagues, and friends deserve applause for their help either directly with this project or due their consistent support of me during the process or researching, writing, and editing. Writing a dissertation is alone a daunting task; however, when coupled with family tragedy, the project can seem Sisyphean. In the midst of researching, in September 2005, my father was murdered. I experienced a set-back mentally, emotionally, and even intellectually. If it were not for my faith in God, I am certain I would not have had the resolve to continue this study. Fortunately, I have the most empathetic and understanding chairperson, Stephen Tomlinson, to whom I am greatly indebted. Not only has he been supportive on a personal level but he has also guided and directed me through this academic exercise, the most rewarding I have ever experienced. Moreover, I would like to think my committee: Wayne Urban, Natalie Adams, Michael Harris, and Beverly Dyer. It would be a great failure if I did not thank my friends at the W. S. Hoole Library, including Clark Center, Tom Land, Donelly Lancaster- Walton, Kevin Ray, Jessica Lacher-Feldman, and Allyson Holliday. My co-workers at Shelton State Community College also deserve my gratefulness as they have persevered through my countless stories of University history. Finally, I must thank my mother Kathy, brother John and sister-in-law Kelly, nephew Clifton, as well as my closest friends—Glenn Brasher, Christian McWhirter, and Jon Hooks—who I met while a Masters student in the History Department at Alabama and who kept me focused and never let me surrender. v CONTENTS ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………………...... ii DEDICATION ………………………………………………………………………………….. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ……………………………………………………………………… iv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ………………………………………………………………….... v 1. INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………….… 1 Prologue Institutional Histories Historiography The University of Alabama’s historian and his text The Harvard of the South Alva Woods Henry Tutwiler Generation Excluded Statement of the Problem 2. POLITICAL HISTORY ………………………………………………………………………16 Bibb brothers and Broad River Constitution Israel Pickens The Trustees The Board and Money Problems vi Pickens’ Victory Tuscaloosa Nichols’ Creation Ideology and State Politics Flush Times C. C. Clay, the Whigs, and the end of the Flush Times 3. ALVA WOODS ………………………………………………………………………………44 Alva Woods and the Orthodox Mission in Education Building the Baptist Academy Woods the Whig Alabama’s Political Climate Lindsley 4. HONOR ………………………………………………………………………………………68 American Youth Philip Greven Great Expectations The Schoolhouse as Nursery Southern Honor: Primal and Genial vii 5. INITIATION ………………………………………………………………………………… 88 Troubles Begin University Prospectus Curriculum as a Cause Escalation 6. CLIMAX …………………………………………………………………………………… 104 The ’34 Riot The Power of Noise The Inquiry: Woods Versus Tutwiler A Continued Contest One Way or Another Scuffs and Scrapes Gambling The Circus 7. DECLINE AND FALL …………………………………………………………………… 131 The Final Year Merit/Demerit System Perfect Anarchy The Public Call The Report Protest! viii Fallout Basil Manly Tutwiler’s Fate Back to Brown Reflections 8. WORKS CITED …………………………………………………………………………… 155 ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION In September 1837, Gessner Harrison, the head of the faculty at the University of Virginia, wrote to his friend Henry Tutwiler: “So the Alab Univ has to begin again. I have little hope of amendment. You have withdrawn from the contest and I trust for the better. You must write to inform me more particularly of your new position.” 1 Tutwiler had been the chair of ancient languages at The University of Alabama, but after six tumultuous years in Tuscaloosa, he had resigned and removed to Perry County. He was not alone; by the end of 1837 all but one of the University’s faculty members had resigned. Basil Manly, newly installed as the second president, inherited a school in dire straits. Freshmen enrollment was down and the students had developed a hardened attitude against the school’s faculty members and its administration. Public trust in the institution, once predicted to be the “Harvard of the South,” had largely evaporated. Even the state’s legislature lamented that “abandoned by all its officers, brought into extensive discredit by a series of misfortunes unprecedented in the history of literary institutions here or elsewhere, and regarded by most as an institution on which some unaccountable fatality rested, the prospect presented to those who attempted its resuscitation was, to say the least, unpromising and doubtful.” 2 How, after its auspicious beginning had the University arrived at this sorry state? 1 Gessner Harrison to Henry Tutwiler, September 25, 1837, Papers of Gessner Harrison, Special Collections, University of Virginia. 2 T. A. Street, Corolla, 1893 (Cleveland: Cleveland Publishing Company), 70. The Corolla is The University of Alabama’s yearbook. Here the editor is quoting part of an 1843 report made in the Alabama state senate. 1 Prologue The University of Alabama, opened in April 1831, was just one of the hundreds of colleges established in the early nineteenth-century. Highlighting the development and growth of American higher education, educational historian John Thelin notes how, in the new National era (1785-1860), colleges, universities, and schools in general were opening at a breathtaking pace. Stepping from twenty-five degree-granting colleges in 1800 to fifty-two in 1820, the number jumped to nearly 250 by the outbreak of the Civil War. For Thelin, higher education had become a cottage industry for the new nation. While Richard Hofstadter views the era as the age when one of the giant steps toward utilitarianism and anti-intellectualism took place, the period saw collegiate evolution—not just in the number of colleges—but also in their type, curriculum, size and character of the student body. 3 Thelin, Frederick Rudolph, and Arthur Cohen, among others, detailed the rapid emergence of professional, specialized, religious, and secular schools during the era. They chronicle how the Louisiana Purchase opened the West, internal improvements began to connect the new nation, a growth in population spurred innovations in industry and manufacturing, religious denominations spread while recruiting new members, reform movements attached themselves to crusades against alcohol, child labor, and slavery, and ultimately they argue that optimism drove each of these national developments. Yet while this confidence led to revolutions in the markets, these developments were also met by chaos in both economic and educational spheres. The Panics of 1817 and 1837 hit the emerging nation hard. Many plans for future
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Clay Family
    rilson Oub Publications NUMBER FOURTEEN The Clay Family PART FIRST The Mother of Henry Clay PART SECOND The Genealogy of the Clays BY Honorable Zachary F. Smith —AND- Mrs. Mary Rogers Clay Members of The Filson Club \ 1 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from The Institute of Museum and Library Services through an Indiana State Library LSTA Grant http://www.archive.org/details/clayfamilysmit Honorable HENRY CLAY. FILSON CLUB PUBLICATIONS NO. 14 The Clay Family PART FIRST The Mother of Henry Clay Hon. ZACHARY F. SMITH Member of The Filson Club PART SECOND The Genealogy of the Clays BY Mrs. MARY ROGERS CLAY Member of The Filson Club Louisville, Kentucky JOHN P. MORTON AND COMPANY Ttrinturs to TItb Filson ffiluh 1899 COPYRIGHTED BY THE FILSON CLUB 1899 PREFACE FEW elderly citizens yet living knew Henry Clay, A the renowned orator and statesman, and heard him make some of his greatest speeches. Younger per- sons who heard him not, nor saw him while living, have learned much of him through his numerous biog- raphers and from the mouths of others who did know him. Most that has been known of him, however, by either the living or the dead, has concerned his political career. For the purpose of securing votes for him among the masses in his candidacy for different offices he has been represented by his biographers as being of lowly origin in the midst of impecunious surroundings. Such, however, was not the condition of his early life. He was of gentle birth, with parents on both sides possessing not only valuable landed estates and numer- ous slaves, but occupying high social positions.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Studies
    201 OAlabama Course of Study SOCIAL STUDIES Joseph B. Morton, State Superintendent of Education • Alabama State Department of Education For information regarding the Alabama Course of Study: Social Studies and other curriculum materials, contact the Curriculum and Instruction Section, Alabama Department of Education, 3345 Gordon Persons Building, 50 North Ripley Street, Montgomery, Alabama 36104; or by mail to P.O. Box 302101, Montgomery, Alabama 36130-2101; or by telephone at (334) 242-8059. Joseph B. Morton, State Superintendent of Education Alabama Department of Education It is the official policy of the Alabama Department of Education that no person in Alabama shall, on the grounds of race, color, disability, sex, religion, national origin, or age, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program, activity, or employment. Alabama Course of Study Social Studies Joseph B. Morton State Superintendent of Education ALABAMA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE SUPERINTENDENT MEMBERS OF EDUCATION’S MESSAGE of the ALABAMA STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION Dear Educator: Governor Bob Riley The 2010 Alabama Course of Study: Social President Studies provides Alabama students and teachers with a curriculum that contains content designed to promote competence in the areas of ----District economics, geography, history, and civics and government. With an emphasis on responsible I Randy McKinney citizenship, these content areas serve as the four Vice President organizational strands for the Grades K-12 social studies program. Content in this II Betty Peters document focuses on enabling students to become literate, analytical thinkers capable of III Stephanie W. Bell making informed decisions about the world and its people while also preparing them to IV Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Universalist Churches—United States—History—18Th Century
    The Universalist Movement in America 1770–1880 Recent titles in religion in america series Harry S. Stout, General Editor Saints in Exile Our Lady of the Exile The Holiness-Pentecostal Experience in Diasporic Religion at a Cuban Catholic African American Religion and Culture Shrine in Miami Cheryl J. Sanders Thomas A. Tweed Democratic Religion Taking Heaven by Storm Freedom, Authority, and Church Discipline Methodism and the Rise of Popular in the Baptist South, 1785–1900 Christianity in America Gregory A. Willis John H. Wigger The Soul of Development Encounters with God Biblical Christianity and Economic An Approach to the Theology of Transformation in Guatemala Jonathan Edwards Amy L. Sherman Michael J. McClymond The Viper on the Hearth Evangelicals and Science in Mormons, Myths, and the Historical Perspective Construction of Heresy Edited by David N. Livingstone, Terryl L. Givens D. G. Hart, and Mark A. Noll Sacred Companies Methodism and the Southern Mind, Organizational Aspects of Religion and 1770–1810 Religious Aspects of Organizations Cynthia Lynn Lyerly Edited by N. J. Demerath III, Princeton in the Nation’s Service Peter Dobkin Hall, Terry Schmitt, Religious Ideals and Educational Practice, and Rhys H. Williams 1868–1928 Mary Lyon and the Mount Holyoke P. C. Kemeny Missionaries Church People in the Struggle Amanda Porterfield The National Council of Churches and the Being There Black Freedom Movement, 1950–1970 Culture and Formation in Two James F. Findlay, Jr. Theological Schools Tenacious of Their Liberties Jackson W. Carroll, Barbara G. Wheeler, The Congregationalists in Daniel O. Aleshire, and Colonial Massachusetts Penny Long Marler James F.
    [Show full text]
  • October 2018 Ramer Girls Basketball, 1923-1924
    PINTLALA HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION Next Meeting: c/o Pintlala Public Library 255 Federal Road October 21, 2018 - 2:30 p.m. Hope Hull, Alabama 36043 Volume XXXII, Number 4 www.pintlalahistoricalassociation.com October 2018 Ramer Girls Basketball, 1923-1924 Front Row, L to R: Francis Lipford; Bunah Mae Sellers, Ramer; Willie Murrell, Hope Hull; Olivia Jones, Ramer. Back Row, L to R: Helen Matthews, Sellers; Sadie Mae Boyd, Sprague; Evelyn Sankey, Snowdoun; Mary Pearle Parson, Ruby Sharpe, Snow- doun. Players identified by Ricky McLaney 2018 OFFICERS TABLE OF CONTENTS President ................. Gary Burton ......... (334)288-7414 President’s Message ..................................................................... Page 2 Vice President & 2018 October Program .................................................................. Page 2 Program Chairperson ............................. Alice T. Carter ................................ (334)281-3708 The Melting Pot, 1923-1924 .......................................................... Page 3 Secretary ................. Karon Bailey ......... (334)281-6239 Ramer Girls Basketball, 1923-1924 ............................................... Page 5 Treasurer ................. Ina Slade .............. (334)284-0337 Parliamentarian ....... Jack Hornady ........ (334)396-2130 Piano Recital Program, Pintlala School, 1968 ............................... Page 7 Members at Large In Memorium, Mary Ann Oglesby Neeley ...................................... Page 8 Place 1 ...... Patsy Davis........ ... (334)220-7004
    [Show full text]
  • 3356770.Pdf (3.910Mb)
    Copyright © 2008 Aaron Menikoff All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. PIETY AND POLITICS: BAPTIST SOCIAL REFORM IN AMERICA, 1770-1860 A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Aaron Menikoff October 2008 UMI Number: 3356770 Copyright 2009 by Menikoff, Aaron All rights reserved INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UM^ . I<§> UMI Microform 3356770 Copyright2009by ProQuest LLC All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 APPROVAL SHEET PIETY AND POLITICS: BAPTIST SOCIAL REFORM IN AMERICA, 1770-1860 Aaron Menikoff Read and Approved by: Gregory A. Wills (Supervisor) omas J./Wettle, \JJJt>S> Russell D. Moore Date a a/cy* To Deana, my wife and friend TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE vi Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 1 An Evangelical Impulse 4 A Search for Virtue 11 Real Social Reform 13 Thesis and Summary 19 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Professional Communities in Alabama, from 1804 to 1861
    OBJECTS OF CONFIDENCE AND CHOICE: PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITIES IN ALABAMA, 1804-1861 By THOMAS EDWARD REIDY JOSHUA D. ROTHMAN, COMMITTEE CHAIR GEORGE C. RABLE LAWRENCE F. KOHL JOHN M. GIGGIE JENNIFER R. GREEN A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2014 ! Copyright Thomas E. Reidy 2014 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT Objects of Confidence and Choice considered the centrality of professional communities in Alabama, from 1804 to 1861. The dissertation highlighted what it meant to be a professional, as well as what professionals meant to their communities. The study examined themes of education, family, wealth patterns, slaveholding, and identities. This project defined professionals as men with professional degrees or licenses to practice: doctors, clergymen, teachers, and others. Several men who appeared here have been widely studied: William Lowndes Yancey, Josiah Nott, J. Marion Sims, James Birney, Leroy Pope Walker, Clement Comer Clay, and his son Clement Claiborne Clay. Others are less familiar today, but were leaders of their towns and cities. Names were culled from various censuses and tax records, and put into a database that included age, marital status, children, real property, personal property, and slaveholding. In total, the database included 453 names. The study also mined a rich vein of primary source material from the very articulate professional community. Objects of Confidence and Choice indicated that professionals were not a social class but a community of institution builders. In order to refine this conclusion, a more targeted investigation of professionals in a single antebellum Alabama town will be needed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Supreme Court of Alabama—Its Cahaba Beginning, 1820–1825
    File: MEADOR EIC PUBLISH.doc Created on: 12/6/2010 1:51:00 PM Last Printed: 12/6/2010 2:53:00 PM ALABAMA LAW REVIEW Volume 61 2010 Number 5 THE SUPREME COURT OF ALABAMA— ITS CAHABA BEGINNING, 1820–1825 ∗ Daniel J. Meador I. PROCEEDINGS IN HUNTSVILLE, 1819 ....................................... 891 II. THE FIRST SEAT OF STATE GOVERNMENT—CAHABA .................. 894 III. THE SUPREME COURT JUDGES IN THE CAHABA YEARS, 1820–1825 896 IV. THE SUPREME COURT’S BUSINESS IN THE CAHABA YEARS .......... 900 V. CONCLUSION .................................................................. 905 The Supreme Court of Alabama opened its first term on May 8, 1820 at Cahaba, the site designated as the new state’s first seat of government. The court was born then and there, but it had been conceived the previous year in Huntsville, then the territorial capital.1 I. PROCEEDINGS IN HUNTSVILLE, 1819 The movement toward statehood in the Alabama Territory, created in 1817 when Mississippi was admitted as a state, formally began in March 1819 with congressional passage of the Enabling Act. That Act authorized the people of the territory to adopt a constitution and enact laws providing for a state government. Pursuant to that Act, a convention of forty-four elected delegates from throughout the territory convened in Huntsville in July to draft a state constitution.2 Huntsville, located in the Tennessee Val- ∗ James Monroe Professor of Law Emeritus, University of Virginia; member, Alabama State Bar; dean University of Alabama Law School, 1966–1970; author of At Cahaba-From Civil War to Great Depression (Cable Publishing, 2009); President, Cahaba Foundation, Inc. 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Stablished in 1798 on the Edge of Town As Columbia's First Public
    Memorializing the deeds, trials, tribulations and federal architect; the Washington Monument and the with a number of other Federalists, permitted the election US Treasury Building are his creations. Mills became of Thomas Jefferson. BULL STREET Christian faith of individuals buried here, the churchyard and church records reveal the early an elder of this church in 1824. 9. HENRY WILLIAM DESAUSSURE (1763-1839) 29 N 26 27 history of our city, state and nation. Early graves 4. GEN. ADLEY H. GLADDEN FAMILY As a Revolutionary soldier, defended Charleston reflect Columbia as anew immigrant city with Monument to the wife and daughter of Gen. A. H. against the siege of Sir Henry Clinton. Read law under the 28 25 settlers from England, Scotland, Ireland, Connecticut, Gladden, who himself was killed at the Battle of Shiloh noted Philadelphia lawyer Jared Ingesoll, in which city he Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Virginia and in 1862 and is buried elsewhere; in the Mexican War, was first admitted to the Bar. Returned to South Carolina places within South Carolina. Many early residents following the death of senior officers, he commanded and became a member of the convention that framed the buried here were active in national political matters the Palmetto Regiment as major at Churubusco, South Carolina Constitution in 1789. Was President of and dealt with Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Chapaultepec and Mexico City; served as intendant the South Carolina Senate when it first met in Columbia Hamilton, Polk, Jackson, Webster and Calhoun. (mayor) of Columbia, 1851-1852. The bronze Palmetto in 1791; appointed Superintendent of the Mint in tree at the State House memorializes him and those Philadelphia by President Washington; a member of Tombstones record military service in the who died with him in Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Early History of Huntsville, Alabama, 1804-1870
    r 334- .H9B5 ,,^^t-^^:t/.i•-^•:• A "^^^ ^' .5 -n^. o'^- ^' xV ^> .A' / . s ^ -^U a "^O- v^' .^^ ^^. .^^' .0 o^ ^, .^ A^ '>- V o5 -Tt/. "^ i-t-'^ -^' A. .y.„ N -/ . ,; i' .A O . o5 Xc :^'^' ^^.vA' ^b << ^^' '^ -l\'' •^oo^ v r 7"/-/-. I EARLY HISTORY OF HUNTSVILLE ALABAMA 1804 TO 1870 I I EARLY HISTORY OF HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 1804 TO 1870 With the Compliments of the Author REVISED 1916 MONTGOMERY, ALA. THE BROWN PRINTING CO. 1916 EARLY HISTORY OF HUNTSVILLE. ALABAMA 1804 TO 1870 BY EDWARD CHAMBERS BETTS 1909 '' REVISED 1916 MONTGOMERY, ALA. THE BROWN PRINTING CO. 1916 Hres Copyright. 1916 BY EDWARD CHAMBERS BETTS ^ 'CI.A'I4R190 NOV -I 1916 "VU) I ^ FOREWORD In the preparation of this work the author is largely indebted to the Department of Archives and History of Alabama, under the capable management of Dr. Thomas M. Owen, who con- tributed liberally of his time assisting in a search of the files and records of this Department. Especially is the author indebted for the aid received from the letters of Judge Thomas J. Taylor,* dealing with this subject. In its inception this work was not intended for, nor is it offered as, a literary efifort, but merely as a chronicle of his- torical facts and events dealing with Huntsville. In its prepa- ration, the author has taken care to record nothing within its pages for which his authority as to the source of information is not given. It has value only as a documentary record of facts and events gleaned chiefly from contemporaneous sources, and is as accurate as could be made after verification from all material at hand, which was necessarily very meager.
    [Show full text]
  • Horry County, South Carolina
    WILLIAM LEWIS of Horry County, South Carolina By MARY LEWIS STEVENSON CONTENTS PREFACE TO THE DIGTIAL EDITION .......................................................................... iii FOREWORD ..........................................................................................................................iv INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................vi Chapter I — William Lewis of Horry County ..................................................................... 1 Chapter II — The Eleven Children of William Lewis ....................................................... 13 Chapter III — Descendants of William Lewis .................................................................... 27 Chapter IV — Descendants of James Lewis ........................................................................ 30 Chapter V — Descendants of Isaac Lewis ........................................................................... 31 Chapter VI — Descendants of Hardy Lewis ....................................................................... 36 Chapter VII — Descendants of Jonathan Lewis ................................................................. 60 Chapter VIII — Descendants of Joel Lewis ........................................................................ 74 Chapter IX — Descendants of Patrick Lewis ................................................................ 86 Chapter X —Descendants of Polly Lewis and Averitt Nichols .......................................
    [Show full text]
  • Retrieved from Discoverarchive, Vanderbilt University's Institutional
    Retrieved from DiscoverArchive, Vanderbilt University’s Institutional Repository This work was originally published as Jon W Bruce and D. Don Welch, Vanderbilt Law School in the Nineteenth Century: Its Creation and Formative Years, in 56 Vanderbilt Law Review 497 2003. +(,121/,1( Citation: 56 Vand. L. Rev. 497 2003 Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline (http://heinonline.org) Thu Dec 13 12:09:16 2012 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at http://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -- To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your HeinOnline license, please use: https://www.copyright.com/ccc/basicSearch.do? &operation=go&searchType=0 &lastSearch=simple&all=on&titleOrStdNo=0042-2533 Vanderbilt Law School in the Nineteenth Century: Its Creation and Formative Years Jon W Bruce* D. Don Welch** IN TROD U CTION ............................................................................... 497 EXTERNAL INFLUENCES .................................................................. 498 PART OF "A GREAT UNIVERSITY" .................................................... 506 "A FALSE START". ........................................................................... 510 T H E "L EA SE" ................................. ................................................. 5 15 T H E "L ESSEES". .............................................................................. 518
    [Show full text]
  • Slaves at the University of Virginia
    Gayle M. Schulman, an avocational local historian, conducted this research during the early months of 2003 and presented it to the African American Genealogy Group of Charlottesville/ Albemarle in May of that year. Her interest in this topic grew from her research on Isabella Gibbons (a teacher who spent part of her life as a slave on the grounds of the University of Virginia) and the community in which she lived. This essay is an overview of the information collected from vital statistics, census data, church records, University of Virginia Archives, and faculty manuscripts. A more extensive research project on the same topic is currently being conducted by Catherine Neale, a student at the University of Virginia. [2005] Slaves at the University of Virginia Gayle M. Schulman1 There is no sign of the vegetable garden, hen house, well, or the outbuildings once on the land. The rear of the three-storied house, glimpsed through the trees, is partially masked by boxwoods. On the lower level of the garden one passes an English Gothic pinnacle to find steps up to a gate through a serpentine wall into an upper garden; there one can see the home’s second story door with a handsome transom window like half of a daisy, or perhaps a fine piece of oriental embroidery. Tucked beneath the steep stairways to this grand back entry is a solid door leading into the cellar. The oldest part of this cellar is divided by a central chimney that is flanked by two rooms on one side and a larger room, the original kitchen, on 2 the other.
    [Show full text]