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The Library of Robert Morris, Civil Rights Lawyer & Activist
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School Boston College Law School Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School Boston College Law School Faculty Papers 6-21-2018 The Library of Robert Morris, Civil Rights Lawyer & Activist Laurel Davis Boston College Law School, [email protected] Mary Sarah Bilder Boston College Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/lsfp Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Legal Biography Commons, Legal History Commons, Legal Profession Commons, Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Laurel Davis and Mary Sarah Bilder. "The Library of Robert Morris, Civil Rights Lawyer & Activist." (2018). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College Law School Faculty Papers by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Library of Robert Morris, Antebellum Civil Rights Lawyer & Activist∗ Laurel Davis** and Mary Sarah Bilder*** Contact information: Boston College Law Library Attn: Laurel Davis 885 Centre St. Newton, MA 02459 Abstract (50 words or less): This article analyzes the Robert Morris library, the only known extant, antebellum African American-owned library. The seventy-five titles, including two unique pamphlet compilations, reveal Morris’s intellectual commitment to full citizenship, equality, and participation for people of color. The library also demonstrates the importance of book and pamphlet publication as means of community building among antebellum civil rights activists. -
Macon Bolling Allen Became the First Licensed African-American Lawyer in the United States
M A C O N B O L L I N G A L L E N Macon Bolling Allen became the first licensed African-American lawyer in the United States. He began practicing law in Massachusetts after being admitted to the Suffolk County bar in 1845. To supplement his career as an attorney, Allen became a justice of the peace in Massachusetts, making him the first African- American judicial official. He relocated to Charleston, South Carolina, and helped form Whipper, Elliot, and Allen, the first known African-American law firm in the United States. C H A R L O T T E E . R A Y Charlotte E. Ray was the first African-American female lawyer in the United States. Born in 1850 to an abolitionist father who owned the newspaper Colored American, Ray grew up around civil rights activism. At age 19, she began teaching at Howard University, with a goal of joining the school’s law program. She applied under the name “C.E. Ray” to disguise her gender. After being admitted, she took classes and taught at the same time, until she graduated as the first black woman to receive a law degree. That same year, she was admitted to the District of Columbia Bar, becoming the first woman to do so. While she opened her own law firm, it was unsuccessful because of prejudice in the community, leading her to move to New York and become a school teacher instead. Ray also was active in the women’s suffrage movement, through her involvement with the National Woman Suffrage Association and the National Association of Colored Women. -
Justice and Jurisprudence and the Black Lawyer J
Notre Dame Law Review Volume 69 Issue 5 Notre Dame Law School 125th Anniversary Article 10 Issue March 2014 Justice and Jurisprudence and the Black Lawyer J. Clay Smith Jr. Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr Recommended Citation J. C. Smith Jr., Justice and Jurisprudence and the Black Lawyer, 69 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1077 (1994). Available at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr/vol69/iss5/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by NDLScholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Notre Dame Law Review by an authorized administrator of NDLScholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Justice and Jurisprudence and the Black Lawyer j Clay Smith, Jr.* In 1841, three years before the first African American lawyer was admitted to the bar in the United States, Ralph Waldo Emer- son asked: What is a man born for but to be a Reformer, a Re-maker of what man has made; a renouncer of lies; a restorer of truth and good, imitating that great Nature which embosoms us all, and which sleeps no moment on an old past, but every hour repairs herself, yielding us every morning a new day, and with every pulsation a new life? Emerson answered his inquiry as follows: "Let him renounce every- thing which is not true to him, and put all his practices back on their first thoughts, and do nothing for which he has not the whole world for his reason."' In 1844, Macon Bolling Allen became the first black American to complete a course of study in law and the first black lawyer for- mally introduced to jurisprudence,2 at a time when black people in the nation were considered "far less esteemed than the veriest stranger and sojourner."' Allen's study of law and his admission to the bar must have rocked the ages past, as well as the American experiment of law and equality. -
Henry Tutwiler, Alva Woods, and the Problem Of
SOUTHERN HONOR AND NORTHERN PIETY: HENRY TUTWILER, ALVA WOODS, AND THE PROBLEM OF DISCIPLINE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA, 1831-1837 by KEVIN LEE WINDHAM A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Educational Leadership, Policy, and Technology Studies in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2010 Copyright Kevin Lee Windham 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT The University of Alabama opened its doors in April 1831, and over the next six years, the first president, Alva Woods, was confronted by numerous episodes of student misdeeds. Knife fights, dueling, shootings, slave baiting, hazing, the torture of animals, and the destruction of property were common events on campus. Woods—a Baptist minister from Vermont—was never able to end the troubles; in fact, student defiance ultimately led to mass resignations by the faculty and the installation of a new president. However, the traditional reading of Woods’ tenure at Alabama has not taken into account deeper issues. At the heart of Woods’ difficulty was a contest for discipline. He came to Tuscaloosa determined to establish a religiously orthodox vision of virtuous conduct for the future leaders of Alabama. Woods himself was the product of New England’s theological schism between Calvinism and Unitarianism. At that time he was mentored by his uncle Leonard Woods, who instilled in him a challenge to counter the spread of liberal theology by teaching the ethics of Christian piety. This was the charge that he pursued first at Columbian College, then as interim president of Brown University, as president of Transylvania University, and finally at Alabama. -
A Monumental Journey a Monumental Journey
A MONUMENTAL JOURNEY A MONUMENTAL JOURNEY PURPOSE A MONUMENTAL JOURNEY, SCULPTURE TO PRESERVE THE LEGACY OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN LAWYERS WHO, IN 1925, FOUNDED THE NATIONAL BAR ASSOCIATION (NBA), FULLY DEDICATED TO CIVIL RIGHTS, JUSTICE, AND EQUALITY IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM. ARTIST KERRY JAMES MARSHALL, MACARTHUR FOUNDATION “GENIUS GRANTEE”. THE ARTIST HAS REACHED INTERNATIONAL FAME FOR PAINTINGS, SCULPTURE, COLLAGE, VIDEO AND PHOTOGRAPHY THAT COMMENT ON THE HISTORY OF BLACK IDENTITY BOTH IN THE UNITED STATES AND IN WESTERN ART. PUBLIC ART FOUNDATION GREATER DES MOINES PUBLIC ART FOUNDATION IS A PRIVATE NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION. IT RECOGNIZES THAT ART BELONGS NOT JUST IN GALLERIES AND MUSEUM, BUT IN STREETSCAPES, PARKS, BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURES OF A THRINVING COMMUNITY. COLLABORATION SUBSTANCE ARCHITECTURE COLLABORATED WITH THE GREATER DES MOINES PUBLIC ART FOUNDATION (GDMPAF) AND THE ARTIST, KERRY JAMES MARSHALL, TO REALIZE A COLOSSAL, GEOMETRIC SCULPTURE INSPIRED BY THE SHAPE OF AFRICAN TALKING DRUMS. substance architecture a monumental journey A MONUMENTAL JOURNEY Before the Civil War The education of African-American in the North was scattered. Only 1.7% of African-American population of school age attended school. It was a crime to educate slaves in most Southern states. A few black slaves were secretly educated before and after the war, with the knowledge of their slave masters. In the North and the West, some blacks, born free or granted their freedom, received some form of education. At least twenty-eight blacks received college degrees prior to the America’s first black lawyer 1844 Civil War. In 1844, Macon Bolling Allen became the first African-American lawyer in the United States. -
Black History Month
This Black History Month the National Center for State Courts recognizes some of the brave individuals who fought to break barriers and open the judicial system up to the Black community. These early accomplishments proved important to maintaining the legitimacy of the judicial branch and continuing buy-in of the court’s authority from the communities the courts serve. Representation on the bench remains an issue for some jurisdictions. With societal events of 2020 creating a renewed commitment to racial diversity, including the court system, the National Center explores tried and tested methods for establishing a more inclusive bench. An Indiana native, Macon Bolling Allen moved to Maine in 1835 to study law, becoming the first black lawyer in the United States when he was admitted to the 1 Maine Bar in 1844. Allen moved to Boston to practice but found the locals 2 unwilling to welcome an unknown. Allen served as a justice of the peace for two 3 appointments before moving to South Carolina. Image Source: Blackhistory.com A delegate to the 1868 South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Jonathan Jasper Wright was instrumental in shaping the judiciary provisions of the state’s constitution.4 A popular South Carolina lawyer and senator, in 1869 the state senate nominated Wright to the South Carolina Supreme Court, filling an unexpired term and making Justice Wright the first Black lawyer to sit on a state court of last resort.5 Justice Wright was one of three justices on the South Carolina Supreme Court until his opinion in Ex parte Norris was used to force him from the bench as the Reconstruction Era ended.6 Justice Wright’s reputation was finally restored over a hundred years after his unfair ouster from the court.7 Image Source Wright: Wikipedia Image Source S.C. -
Slavery on Trial Studies in Legal History
slavery on trial studies in legal history Published by the University of North Carolina Press in association with the American Society for Legal History Thomas A. Green, Hendrik Hartog, and Daniel Ernst, editors © 2007 The University of North Carolina Press All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Designed by Kimberly Bryant Set in Quadraat and Quadraat Sans by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. This book was published with the assistance of the Z. Smith Reynolds Fund of the University of North Carolina Press. Parts of this book have been reprinted with permission in revised form from Jeannine DeLombard, ‘‘‘Eye-Witness to the Cruelty’: Southern Violence and Northern Testimony in Frederick Douglass’s 1845 Narrative,’’ American Literature 73:2 (2001): 245–75, © 2001 Duke University Press, all rights reserved, used by permission of the publisher; ‘‘Advocacy ‘in the Name of Charity’? Or Barratry, Champerty, and Maintenance? Legal Rhetoric and the Debate over Slavery in Antebellum Print Culture,’’ REAL: Yearbook of Research in English and American Literature 18 (2002): 259–87; and ‘‘Representing the Slave: White Advocacy and Black Testimony in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Dred,’’ New England Quarterly 75:1 (March 2002): 80–106. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data DeLombard, Jeannine Marie. Slavery on trial : law, abolitionism, and print culture / Jeannine Marie DeLombard. p. cm. — (Studies in legal history) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-8078-3086-4 (cloth : alk. -
Southern Honor and the Mexican War. Gregory Scott Oh Spodor Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 2000 Honor Bound: *Southern Honor and the Mexican War. Gregory Scott oH spodor Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Hospodor, Gregory Scott, "Honor Bound: *Southern Honor and the Mexican War." (2000). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 7269. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/7269 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy subm itted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. -
The Evolution of Black Lawyers in Corporate America: from the Road Less Traveled to Managing the Major Highways
\\server05\productn\H\HOW\53-3\HOW308.txt unknown Seq: 1 8-NOV-10 9:06 The Evolution of Black Lawyers in Corporate America: From the Road Less Traveled to Managing the Major Highways MONICA R. HARGROVE* INTRODUCTION ............................................. 750 R I. THE EARLY HISTORY OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN LAWYERS IN THE UNITED STATES ............... 751 R A. African-American Lawyers in the 1800s ............ 751 R 1. Macon Bolling Allen ........................... 752 R 2. Robert Morris .................................. 753 R 3. William Cooper Nell & John S. Rock .......... 754 R 4. Archibald Henry Grimke....................... ´ 756 R 5. Charlotte E. Ray ............................... 758 R 6. William H. Lewis ............................... 759 R 7. James Weldon Johnson ......................... 759 R B. African-American Lawyers in the Early 1900s ...... 762 R 1. Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander................ 762 R 2. Charles Hamilton Houston ..................... 763 R 3. William H. Hastie .............................. 764 R II. NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR AFRICAN- AMERICAN LAWYERS IN THE MID-1900S ........ 765 R * Monica R. Hargrove began her position as General Counsel of Airports Council Inter- national-North America “ACI-NA” in February 2008. She serves as ACI-NA’s Senior In-House Counsel and directs ACI-NA’s participation in airport-related litigation and policy related to legal matters. Prior to joining ACI-NA, Hargrove served as Associate General Counsel of US Airways and was generally responsible for the legal management of the company’s regulatory matters, including compliance with the Department of Transportation’s domestic and interna- tional regulations, antitrust compliance and counseling, as well as litigation management, envi- ronmental compliance and counseling, and intellectual property management. Hargrove served as a trial attorney for the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice follow- ing her law school graduation. -
Is It Time to Redefine the Negro Lawyer?
Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development Volume 25 Issue 1 Volume 25, Fall 2010, Issue 1 Article 4 Is it Time to Redefine the Negro Lawyer? Victoria L. Brown-Douglas Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/jcred Part of the Race and Ethnicity Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development by an authorized editor of St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IS IT TIME TO REDEFINE THE NEGRO LAWYER? VICTORIA L. BROwN-DOUGLAS* In 1928, a young High School student wrote to W.E.B. DuBois about the use of the word "Negro."I DuBois wrote back to him: Do not at the outset of your career make the all too common error of mistaking names for things. Names are only conventional signs for indentifying things. Things are the reality that counts. If a thing is despised ... you will not alter matters by changing its name. If men despise Negroes, they will not despise them less if Negroes are called 'colored' or 'Afro-Americans' . The name merely evokes what is already there ... And then too, without the word that mans us, where are all those spiritual ideals, those inner bonds, those group ideals and forward strivings of this might army of 12 millions? ... Your real work, my dear young man, does not lie with names. 2 It is not a name - 3 it's the Thing that counts. -
The Library of Robert Morris, Antebellum Civil Rights Lawyer & Activist
Boston College Law School Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School Boston College Law School Faculty Papers 9-1-2019 The Library of Robert Morris, Antebellum Civil Rights Lawyer & Activist Laurel Davis Boston College Law School, [email protected] Mary Sarah Bilder Boston College Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/lsfp Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Legal Biography Commons, Legal History Commons, Legal Profession Commons, Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Laurel Davis and Mary Sarah Bilder. "The Library of Robert Morris, Antebellum Civil Rights Lawyer & Activist." Law Library Journal 111, no.4 (2019): 461-508. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College Law School Faculty Papers by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LAW LIBRARY JOURNAL Vol. 111:4 [2019-17] The Library of Robert Morris, Antebellum Civil Rights Lawyer and Activist* Laurel Davis** and Mary Sarah Bilder*** The Robert Morris library, the only known extant, antebellum African American– owned library, reveals its owner’s intellectual commitment to full citizenship and equality for people of color. Although studies of lawyers’ libraries have focused on large collections, this article provides a model for interpreting small libraries, par- ticularly where few personal papers remain extant. Introduction .........................................................462 The Library ..........................................................465 Massachusetts Self-Made Man ..........................................468 Legal Apprenticeship ..................................................471 African American Identity and the Politics of Poetry ......................473 Early Civil Rights: Roberts v. -
Married to the Confederacy: the Emotional Politics Of
MARRIED TO THE CONFEDERACY: THE EMOTIONAL POLITICS OF CONFEDERATE WIDOWHOOD by ANGELA ESCO ELDER (Under the Direction of Stephen Berry) ABSTRACT Between 1861 and 1865, approximately three million men left for war; the war killed 750,000 of them. In the process, more than 200,000 white women became widows. This dissertation examines the complicated emotional and political relationships between Confederate widows and the Confederate state. Throughout the American Civil War, Confederate newspapers and government officials championed a particular version of white widowhood—the young wife who selflessly transferred her monogamous love from dead husband to the deathless cause for which he fought. Only then would their husbands live forever—as would their Cause. But a closer look at the letters and diaries of widows reveals that these women spent their new cultural capital with great practicality and shrewdness. Indeed, even as their culture created an entire industry in their name, widows played the role on their own terms to forward their own ends. Precisely because society invested widowhood with so much significance, it inadvertently created the stage upon which an unforeseen and unprecedented number of young Confederate women could be seen and heard. INDEX WORDS: American Civil War, Antebellum South, Confederacy, Death, Emotions History, Gender, Grief, Marriage, Widows, Women MARRIED TO THE CONFEDERACY: THE EMOTIONAL POLITICS OF CONFEDERATE WIDOWHOOD by ANGELA ESCO ELDER B.A., The University of Georgia, 2009 B.S.Ed., The University of Georgia,