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Home , James Baskett, Louis Allen, Macon Bolling Allen, Oscar Stanton De Priest

BLACK HISTORY365 Courtesy of the AT&T African American History Calendar

JANUARY volt in Louisiana, 1811. Rights Movement, was born in 22 Susan Rice confirmed as U.S. Am- , Georgia, 1929. bassador to the U.N., the first 1 President Abraham Lincoln issues 9 Earl Gilbert Graves, Sr., publisher, African American female to hold Emancipation Proclamation, 1863. entrepreneur, philanthropist, and 16 Marcelite Jordan Harris, the first that position, 2009. founder of Black Enterprise maga- African American female general in 2 Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander, zine was born in Brooklyn, New the Air Force, was 23 Roots the television miniseries the first African American woman York, 1935. born in Houston, Texas, 1943. based on Alex Haley’s book Roots: to receive a Ph.D. in the United The Saga of an American Family, States, was born in Philadelphia, 1898. 10 George Washington Carver, agri- 17 Three-time heavyweight boxing began airing on ABC, 1977. cultural scientist, inventor, and champion Muhammad Ali was 3 William Tucker, the first recorded educator born in 1864. born in Louisville, Kentucky, 1942. 24 Jackie Robinson is first African African American born in the American elected to Baseball Hall American colonies, was born in 11 Reuben V. Anderson, first African 18 Dr. Daniel Hale Williams, pioneer of Fame, 1962. Jamestown, Virginia, 1624. American to be appointed to heart surgeon, was born in Supreme Court, 1985. Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania, 1856. 25 Black Entertainment Television be- 4 Grace Bumbry, opera singer, was gan broadcasting, 1980. born in St. Louis, Missouri, 1937. 12 U.S. Supreme Court rules that Afri- 19 John Harold Johnson, publisher can Americans have the right to (Ebony and Jet magazines), author, 26 Angela Yvonne Davis, political ac- 5 Alvin Ailey, Jr., hall of fame choreo- study law at state institutions, 1948. and businessman was born in tivist and educator, was born in grapher and activist, was born in Arkansas City, Arkansas, 1918. Birmingham, Alabama, 1944. Rogers, Texas, 1931. 13 Douglas Wilder becomes first African American U.S. governor 20 Colin Luther Powell became the 27 Leontyne Price made her Metropol- 6 Louis Allen Rawls, soul, jazz and (Virginia) since Reconstruction, 1990. first African American United itan Opera debut, 1961. blues singer, died in 2006. States Secretary of State, 2001. 14 Dudley Randall, founder of Broad- 28 Ronald Ervin McNair, physicist and 7 Zora Neale Hurston, author and side Press, was born in Washington, 21 Leonard Roy Harmon, the first NASA astronaut, died, along with playwright, was born in Notasulga, D.C, 1914. African American to have a navy six other crew members, during the Alabama, 1891. ship named in his honor, was born launch of the Space Shuttle Chal- 15 Martin Luther King, Jr., clergyman, in Cuero, Texas, 1917. lenger, 1986. 8 Charles Deslondes leads slave re activist and leader of the Civil

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29 Violette Nealy Anderson becomes 7 The first day of Negro History 16 James Baskett, first African Amer- 1864. the first African American woman Week, originated by historian ican male actor to receive an admitted to practice before the Carter G. Woodson. Negro His- Oscar, was born in Indianapolis, 25 Hiram R. Revels, first African U.S. Supreme Court, 1926. tory Week later became Black , 1904. American to serve in the U.S. History Month, 1926. Senate. He filled the seat once 30 Franklin Thomas named president 17 James Nathaniel “Jim” Brown, held by Jefferson Davis, 1870. of Ford Foundation, 1979. 8 Debra Janine “Debi” Thomas be- hall of fame football player and came the first African American actor, was born in St. Simons 26 Civil rights activist Jimmie Lee 31 Benjamin Lawson Hooks, attorney, to win the United States National Island, Georgia, 1936. Jackson dies after being shot by minister and civil rights leader, was Ladies’ Figure Skating title, 1986. state police in Marion, Alabama, born in Memphis, Tennessee, 1925. 18 Toni Morrison, recipient of the 1965. 9 Bernard Anthony Harris, Jr. be- 1993 Nobel Prize for Literature FEBRUARY comes first African American as- and the 1988 Pulitzer Prize for 27 Marian Anderson, world-renowned tronaut to walk in space, 1995. her novel Beloved, was born in opera singer and civil rights activ- 1 National Freedom Day. President Lorain, Ohio, 1931. ist, was born in Philadelphia, Abraham Lincoln signed resolu- 10 Mary Violet Leontyne Price, Pennsylvania, 1897. tion that proposed the 13th internationally acclaimed opera 19 Vonetta Flowers becomes Winter Amendment which would official- singer, was born in Laurel, Olympics’ first African American 28 Michael Jackson, musician and ly abolish slavery, 1865. Mississippi, 1927. gold medalist, 2002. entertainer, wins eight Grammy Awards, 1984. 2 Alfred L. Cralle received patent 11 Nelson Mandela of South Africa 20 , actor, director, #576395 for a lever operated ice is released from prison after 27 author and diplomat, was born in MARCH cream scoop, a design still widely years, 1990. Miami, Florida, 1927. used today, 1897. 1 The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was 12 National Association for the Ad- 21 John Robert Lewis, civil rights signed into law by President 3 Eric H. Holder Jr. sworn in as the vancement of Colored People leader, politician and author, was Ulysses Grant, 1875. nation’s first African American (NAACP) founded, 1909. born in Troy, Alabama, 1940. attorney general, 2009. 2 David Satcher, physician, United 13 Edward Gay Robinson, hall of fame 22 James Reese Europe, ragtime and States Surgeon General and As 4 Rosa Parks, civil rights pioneer, football coach, was born in jazz bandleader, arranger and sistant Secretary for Health, was who sparked the 1955 Montgomery, Jackson, Louisiana, 1919. composer, was born in Mobile, born in Anniston, Alabama, 1941. Alabama bus boycott, was born in Alabama, 1881. Tuskegee, Alabama, 1913. 14 Frederick Douglass, abolitionist, 3 Thomas L. Jennings, first African women’s suffragist, editor, author 23 William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, American to receive a U.S. patent 5 Henry Louis “Hank” Aaron, hall of and statesman, was born in civil rights activist, historian and (number 3306x) for a dry-scouring fame baseball player, was born in Tuckahoe, Maryland, 1818. author, was born in Great Barring- process, now known as dry-clean- Mobile, Alabama, 1934. ton, , 1868. ing, 1821. 15 Henry Lewis becomes the first 6 Arthur Ashe Jr., hall of fame tennis African American to lead a sym- 24 becomes 4 Garrett Augustus Morgan, Sr., player, humanitarian and activist, phony orchestra in the United first African American woman to inventor and entrepreneur, was dies, 1993. States, 1968. receive a medical degree (New born in Paris, Kentucky, 1877. England Female Medical College),

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5 one of the first 13 Cowtown/Work to Ride polo team a Globe Supporter for Electric 31 Thomas M. Peterson of Perth casualties of the American Revo- from Philadelphia, Penn., first Lamps, 1882. Amboy, New Jersey, cast the first lution, was killed in the African American team to win the vote by an African American after Massacre, 1770. National Interscholastic Polo 22 Joseph Paul Reason, the first Afri- the passage of the 15th Amend- Championship, 2011. can American four-star admiral ment, 1870. 6 The Supreme Court decided Dred in the United States Navy, was Scott v. Sandford. This opinion 14 Quincy Delight Jones, Jr., trum- born in Washington, D. C., 1941. APRIL declared that slaves were not U.S. peter, music conductor and ar citizens and could not sue in fed- ranger, record producer, and film 23 Maynard Holbrook Jackson, Jr., the 1 Dr. Charles R. Drew, medical re- eral courts, 1857. composer, was born in , first African American mayor of searcher who developed tech- , 1933. Atlanta, Georgia, was born in Dallas, niques for processing and preserv- 7 The first Selma to Montgomery Texas, 1938. ing blood, died in a car accident, 1950. march ended when marchers were 15 Joseph Jenkins Roberts, the first attacked by state and local police president of the Republic of Liberia, 24 Janet Harmon Waterford Bragg, 2 Georgetown coach John Thompson at the Edmund Pettus Bridge, on was born in Norfolk, Virginia, 1809. the first African American female becomes first African American what would become known as to hold a commercial pilot license, coach to win NCAA basketball “Bloody Sunday”, 1965. 16 Mississippi became the last state was born in Griffin, Georgia, 1907. tournament, 1984. to ratify the Thirteenth Amend- 8 Alexander T. Augusta, surgeon, ment to the United States Consti- 25 Aretha Louise Franklin, hall of fame 3 Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his Civil War veteran, and highest- tution which abolished slavery, pianist, singer and songwriter, was “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” ranking African American officer 1995. born in Memphis, Tennessee, 1942. speech in support of the striking in the Union Army, born in sanitation workers in Memphis, Norfolk, Virginia, 1825. 17 Nathaniel Adams “Nat King” Cole, 26 Thomas J. Martin of Dowagiac, Tennessee, 1968. hall of fame jazz pianist and sing- Michigan received patent number 9 Oscar Stanton De Priest, the first er, was born in Montgomery, 125,063 for improvements in the 4 Martin Luther King, Jr. was assas- African American elected to Con- Alabama, 1919. fire extinguisher, 1872. sinated in Memphis, 1968. gress in the 20th century, was born in Florence, Alabama, 1871. 18 Fred Shuttlesworth, minister and 27 Arthur Mitchell, hall of fame 5 Booker Taliaferro Washington, civil rights activist, was born dancer and choreographer, was educator, author and political 10 Harriet Tubman, abolitionist, Freddie Lee Robinson in Mount born in Harlem, New York, 1934. leader, was born enslaved on the Union Army spy and suffragist, Meigs, Alabama, 1922. Burroughs Plantation in Virginia, died. Tubman was buried with 28 William Christopher “W. C.” Handy, 1856. military honors, 1913. 19 Rev. Leon Sullivan elected to hall of fame blues composer and board of directors of General musician, died, 1958. 6 Matthew A. Henson becomes one 11 Ralph David Abernathy, minister Motors, 1971. of the first people to reach the and civil rights leader, was born 29 Andrew Jackson Beard, hall of North Pole, 1909. in Linden, Alabama, 1926. 20 Jan E. Matzeliger received patent fame inventor, was born in 274,207 for his Automatic Method Woodland, Alabama, 1849. 7 Granville T. Woods patents 12 Virginia Hamilton, children’s books for Lasting Shoes, 1883. (#315,368) apparatus for transmis- author, was born in Yellow Springs, 30 The 15th Amendment to the Consti- sion of messages by electricity, 1885. Ohio, 1936. 21 Lewis H. Latimer of New York City tution was adopted granting African shared patent number 255,212 for American men the right to vote, 1870.

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8 Hank Aaron hits his 715th career African American municipal judge, 26 Sarah Boone patents ironing board, Orleans, 1961. home run, surpassing Babe Ruth was born in Philadelphia, Penn., patent number 473,653. 1892. as Major League Baseball’s all- 1823. 5 Eugene Marino becomes first time home run leader, 1974. 27 Coretta Scott King, civil rights African American installed as a 18 Alice Walker wins Pulitzer Prize leader and author, was born in Roman Catholic archbishop in the 9 Marian Anderson performed her for fiction for The Color Purple, 1983. Marion, Alabama, 1927. U.S., 1988. critically acclaimed concert on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, 1939. 19 Stationed in Germany, Major Gen. 28 Sojourner Truth, abolitionist and 6 William Howard “Willie” Mays, Jr. Frederic E. Davidson becomes first women’s rights activist, first Afri- hall of fame baseball player, was 10 Robert Lee Elder became the first Black to lead an army division, can American woman to be born in Westfield, Alabama, 1931. African American to play in the 1972. honored with a bust in the U.S. Masters Golf Tournament, 1975. Capitol, 2009. 7 Joseph R. Winters patents first 20 George Faison became the first fire escape ladder, 1878. 11 Percy Lavon Julian, research African American to win the Tony 29 Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington, chemist and pioneer in the chem- Award for Best Choreographer, hall of fame pianist, composer and 8 Matthew A. Cherry of Washington, ical synthesis of medicinal drugs The Wiz, 1975. big band leader, was born in D. C. received patent number from plants, was born in Washington, D. C., 1899. 382,351 for improvements in ve- Montgomery, Alabama, 1899. 21 Locksley Wellington “Slide” locipede (bicycle/tricycle), 1888. Hampton, jazz trombonist, com- 30 Michelle J. Howard, first African 12 Harold Washington becomes first poser and arranger, was born in American woman to command a 9 John Albert Burr received patent African American mayor of Jeannette, Pennsylvania, 1932. U.S. Navy ship and first female number 624,749 for an improved Chicago, 1983. four-star admiral, was born in rotary blade lawn mower, 1899. 22 Catherine L. Hughes, business Riverside, Calif., 1960. 13 Sidney Poitier became the first executive and founder of Radio 10 Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback, African American man to win the One and TV One, was born MAY the first African American to be- Academy Award for Best Actor for Catherine Elizabeth Woods in come governor of a state in the his role in the movie Lilies of the Omaha, Nebraska, 1947. 1 Gwendolyn Elizabeth Brooks be United States (Louisiana), was Field, 1964. came the first African American to born in Macon, Georgia, 1837. 23 Clatonia Joaquin Dorticus patents win the Pulitzer Prize for her book 14 First abolitionist society in U.S. is photographic print washer patent of poetry Annie Allen, 1950. 11 William Grant Still, the “Dean of founded in Philadelphia, 1775. number 537,968. 1895. African American Classical Com- 2 The Children’s Crusade began in posers” was born in Woodville, 15 Jackie Robinson became the first 24 David Harold Blackwell, the first Birmingham, Alabama, 1963. Mississippi, 1895. African American major league African American inducted into baseball player of the modern era, the National Academy of Sciences, 3 The Supreme Court of the United 12 Albert L. Murray, literary, music 1947. was born in Centralia, Illinois, 1919. States decided in the case of and social critic and novelist, was Shelley v. Kraemer that courts born in Nokomis, Alabama, 1916. 16 Slavery abolished in the District of 25 The United Negro College Fund could not enforce racial covenants Columbia, 1862. was founded to raise funds for on real estate, 1948. 13 Joe Louis, hall of fame boxer private historically Black colleges known as “the Brown Bomber,” 17 Mifflin Wistar Gibbs, businessman, and universities, 1944. 4 Thirteen Freedom Riders set off was born Joseph Louis Barrow in politician and the first elected from Washington D.C. to New Lafayette, Alabama, 1914.

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14 Rosa Jinsey Young, “the mother of ed the Congressional Medal of nantly African American people 9 William Pinkney became the fourth Black Lutheranism in Alabama,” Honor, 1900. left homeless, 1921. American and the first African was born in Rosebud, Alabama, 1890. American to sail solo around the 24 Coleman Alexander Young, the first JUNE world, 1992. 15 Sigma Pi Phi Fraternity (the Boulé), African American Mayor of Detroit, the first African American Greek Michigan, was born in Tuscaloosa, 1 Morgan Porterfield Freeman, Jr., 10 Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr., pub- lettered organization, was founded Alabama, 1918. actor and film director was born lisher, entrepreneur, orator and in Philadelphia, Penn., 1904. in Memphis, Tennessee, 1937. Black Nationalist, died, 1940. 25 Madam C.J. Walker, first Amer- 16 Dr. William Harry Barnes becomes ican woman to become a million- 2 Charles Sifford, hall of fame golfer 11 George Wallace stood in the door- first African American board-certi- aire through her own business, who helped desegregate the PGA way of Foster Auditorium block- fied medical specialist, 1927. died, 1919. of America, was born in Charlotte, ing Vivian Malone and James Hood, North Carolina, 1922. from enrolling, 1963. 17 U.S. Supreme Court declares seg- 26 Miles Dewey Davis III, hall of fame regation in public schools uncon- jazz trumpeter, bandleader and 3 Josephine Baker, entertainer and 12 Medgar W. Evers, civil rights lead- stitutional in Brown v. Board of composer, was born in Alton, Illi- actress, was born Freda Josephine er, is assassinated in Jackson, Education decision, 1954. nois, 1926. McDonald in St. Louis, Missouri, Mississippi, 1963. 1906. 18 Plessy vs. Ferguson, Supreme Court 27 Ernest Gideon Green became the 13 nominated to upholds the doctrine of “separate first African American to graduate 4 Roland G. Fryer, Jr., youngest the U.S. Supreme Court by Presi- but equal” education and public from Little Rock Central High African American ever granted dent Lyndon Johnson, 1967. accommodations, 1896. School in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1958. tenure at Harvard University, was born in Daytona Beach, 1977. 14 Nat (pronounced Nate) Love, one 19 Malcolm X, was born Malcolm Little 28 Horace King, the most respected of the most famous cowboys of in Omaha, Nebraska, 1925. bridge builder in Alabama, Georgia, 5 John Wesley Carlos, hall of fame the Old West, was born in David- and northeastern Mississippi during track and field athlete and 1968 son County, Tennessee, 1854. 20 John Matthew Shippen, Jr., the first the mid-1800s, died, 1885. Olympics medal ceremony pro- African American professional tester, was born in Harlem, 15 Ella Jane Fitzgerald, hall of fame golfer, died, 1968. 29 Sojourner Truth delivered her fa- New York, 1945. jazz and pop vocalist also known mous “Ain’t I a Woman” speech at as the “First Lady of Song,” died, 21 Katherine Mary Dunham, hall of the Ohio Women’s Rights Con- 6 Tommie Smith, hall of fame track 1996. fame dancer, choreographer, au- vention in Akron, Ohio, 1851. and field athlete and 1968 Olympics thor, educator, activist and “Ma- medal ceremony protester, was born 16 Eddie Levert, lead vocalist of the triarch and Queen Mother of Black 30 Vivian Malone becomes the first in Clarksville, Texas, 1944. R&B vocal group The O’Jays, was Dance,” died, 2006. African American to graduate from born in Bessemer, Alabama, 1942. the University of Alabama, 1965. 7 Gail Fisher became the first Afri- 22 James Mercer Langston Hughes, can American to win an Emmy 17 Minuteman Peter Salem fights in poet, novelist and playwright, 31 The Tulsa Race War in the Green Award, 1970. the Battle of Bunker Hill, 1775. died, 1967. wood neighborhood of Tulsa, Oklahoma occurred, resulting in 8 William D. “Willie” Davenport, hall 18 Sallie Martin, the “Mother of Gospel 23 Sgt. William H. Carney becomes 35 city blocks of residences being of fame track and field athlete, Music” and entrepreneur, died, 1988. the first African American award- destroyed and 10,000 predomi- was born in Troy, Alabama, 1943.

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19 in Texas are 28 U.S. Supreme Court overturned Pelham, Georgia, 1954. businesswoman, educator and the notified of Emancipation Procla- the conviction of Muhammad Ali first female bank president, was mation, issued in 1863. “Juneteenth,” for refusing to be inducted into 7 Leroy Robert “Satchel” Paige, hall born in Richmond, Virginia, 1864. marks the event, 1865. the military, 1971. of fame baseball player, was born in Mobile, Alabama, 1906. 16 Ida Bell Wells-Barnett, journalist 20 Lionel Brockman Richie, Jr., singer, 29 Charles Everett Dumas became the and civil and women’s rights ac- songwriter and record producer, first person to high jump seven 8 The Clotilda, the last known United tivist, was born enslaved in Holly was born in Tuskegee, Alabama, 1949. feet, 1956. States slave ship to bring enslaved Springs, Mississippi, 1862. Africans to the U. S., arrived in Al- 21 , Andrew Goodman 30 Lena Mary Calhoun Horne, singer, abama with 110 African captives, 17 Billie Holiday, hall of fame jazz and , civil rights actress, dancer and civil rights ac- 1860. singer and songwriter known as activists, were murdered near tivist, was born in Brooklyn, New “Lady Day,” died, 1959. Philadelphia, Mississippi, 1964. York, 1917. 9 Dr. Daniel Hale Williams performs first successful open heart surgery, 18 Nelson R. Mandela, first South 22 Joe Louis knocked out Max JULY 1893. African president to be elected in Schmeling at 2:04 of the first round a fully representative democratic at Yankee Stadium, 1938. 1 Frederick Carlton “Carl” Lewis, 10 Mary Jane McLeod Bethune, hall election, was born in Mvezo, South hall of fame track and field athlete, of fame educator and civil rights Africa, 1918. 23 Wilma Rudolph, first American was born in Birmingham, Alabama, leader, was born in Mayesville, woman to win three Gold medals 1961. , 1875. 19 William Henry Hastie was con- in track and field in a single Olym- firmed as judge of the Third U. S. pic Games, was born in Clarksdale, 2 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was 11 W.E.B. DuBois and William Mon- Circuit Court of Appeals, the first Tennessee, 1940. signed into law by President Lyn- roe Trotter organize the Niagara African American federal circuit don B. Johnson, 1964. Movement, a forerunner of the judge, 1950. 24 Jeanine Menze became the first NAACP, 1905. African American female to earn 3 Macon Bolling Allen became the 20 Violet Palmer, the first woman to United States Coast Guard aviation first African American licensed to 12 Frederick McKinley Jones received officiate a National Basketball designation, 2005. practice law in the United States, three patents (numbers 2,475,841 Association game, was born in 1844. through 2,475,843). Patent Compton, California, 1964. 25 James H. Meredith, the first African 2,475,841 was for a portable air- American student at the Univer- 4 Arthur George “A. G.” Gaston, en- cooling unit for trucks, 1949. 21 The National Association of Col- sity of Mississippi, was born in trepreneur and businessman, was ored Women’s Clubs, Inc. was found- Kosciusko, Mississippi, 1933. born in Demopolis, Alabama, 1892. 13 Thurgood Marshall becomes first ed in Washington, D.C., 1896. African American appointed U.S. 26 James Weldon Johnson, author, 5 Andrew Jackson Beard of Wood- solicitor general, 1965. 22 Emlen Lewis Tunnell, the first diplomat, poet, songwriter of Lift lawn, Alabama received patent African American inducted into Every Voice and Sing, and civil number 478,271 for an improved 14 Sarah E. Goode, first African the Pro Football Hall of Fame, died, rights activist died, 1938. rotary steam engine, 1892. American woman to receive a 1975. patent (322,177) for her invention 27 Paul Laurence Dunbar, poet, was 6 Donnie L. Cochran, first African of the cabinet bed, 1885. 23 Jackie Robinson becomes first born in Dayton, Ohio, 1872. American to command the U.S. African American baseball player Navy Blue Angels, was born near 15 Maggie Lena Walker, hall of fame in the major leagues inducted

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into the Baseball Hall of Fame, AUGUST 9 Jesse Owens wins fourth gold lisher, entrepreneur, orator and 1962. medal at Summer Olympics in Black Nationalist, was born in 1 Michael Duane Johnson became the Berlin, 1936. St. Ann’s Bay, Jamaica, 1887. 24 Alexander Dumas, playwright and first man to win Gold medals in novelist, was born Dumas Davy de the 200 and 400 meter races at the 10 General Colin Powell is nominated 18 James H. Meredith became the first la Pailleterie in Picardy, France, 1802. same Olympic Games, 1996. chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, African American to graduate from the first African American to hold the University of Mississippi, 1963. 25 Garrett A. Morgan, Sr. used his gas 2 James Arthur Baldwin, novelist, the post, 1989. mask to rescue men trapped in an playwright, poet, essayist, and 19 Benjamin Banneker, wrote a letter underground tunnel, 1916. civil rights activist, was born in 11 Alex Haley, author of Roots and to then U.S. Secretary of State Harlem, New York, 1924. The Autobiography of Malcom X, Thomas Jefferson pointing out the 26 President Harry S. Truman issues was born in Ithaca, New York, 1921. hypocrisy of slavery, 1791. Executive Order 9981, ending seg- 3 Frank Godden, instrumental in the regation in armed forces, 1948. growth of the Santa Clarita Valley’s 12 Emma Ophelia DeVore, the first 20 The first 20 Africans were brought Val Verde, known as “the black prominent African American mod- to what would become Jamestown, 27 The Chicago Race Riots, the worst Palm Springs,” died, 2012. el in the United States, was born Virginia aboard a Dutch ship, 1619. of the country’s riots during the in Edgefield, South Carolina, 1922. of 1919, began. 4 Barack Hussein Obama II, the first 21 George Franklin Grant, pioneering African American President of 13 The Brownsville Raid of 1906, dentist and inventor of the golf tee, 28 14th Amendment, granting Afri- the United States, was born in “Brownsville Affair,” resulted in the patent number 638,920, died, 1910. can Americans full citizenship Honolulu, Hawaii, 1961. largest U.S. Army dismissal, 167 rights, becomes part of the Con- African American soldiers, 1906. 22 The Haitian Revolution began stitution, 1868. 5 Shirley Jackson, first female and when slaves in Saint Domingue African American president of 14 Maria Halle Berry, first African (Haiti) rose in revolt and plunged 29 Keeth Thomas Smart, the first Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, American to win an Academy the colony into a 12-year war, 1791. American to be named the top- was born in Washington, D. C., 1946. Award for Best Actress, was born ranked fencer internationally, was in Cleveland, Ohio, 1966. 23 The National Negro Business born in Brooklyn, New York, 1978. 6 President Lyndon B. Johnson signed League was founded in Boston, into law the National Voting Rights 15 Monroe Nathan Work, sociologist Massachusetts with Booker T. 30 Elizabeth R. Haynes, first African Act, guaranteeing African Ameri- and bibliographer, and publisher Washington as its first president, American woman to serve on the cans the right to vote, 1965. of the Negro Year Book, was born 1900. national board of the YWCA, was in Iredell County, North Carolina, born in Lowndes County, Ala., 1883. 7 Ralph Johnson Bunche, Nobel Peace 1866. 24 Bayard Rustin, civil rights leader Prize winner, political scientist and and the chief organizer of the 1963 31 Whitney Moore Young, Jr., civil diplomat, was born in Detroit, 16 Carol Elizabeth Moseley Braun, March on Washington for Jobs and rights leader, was born in Lincoln Michigan, 1904. the first African American woman Freedom, died, 1987. Ridge, Kentucky, 1921. elected to the United States Sen- 8 William Augustus Hinton, bacteri ate, was born in Chicago, Illinois, 25 Althea Gibson, first African Amer- ologist, pathologist, educator, and 1947. ican to win the French, Wimbledon, first African American to publish and U. S. Open singles titles, was a medical textbook, died, 1959. 17 Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr., pub born in Silver, South Carolina, 1927.

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26 19th Amendment to the Constitu- and hall of fame inventor, was 13 Nell Carter, singer and film, stage, 22 The Interstate Commerce Commis- tion ratified, giving women the born in Chelsea, Massachusetts, and television actress, was born sion (ICC) ordered an end to seg- right to vote, 1920. 1848. Nell Ruth Hardy in Birmingham, regation on interstate transporta- Alabama, 1948. tion and within transportation 27 William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, 5 Claudette Colvin, civil rights pioneer, facilities, 1961. civil rights activist, historian and arrested for refusing to give up her 14 , the founder of “Black author, died, 1963. bus seat on March 2, 1955, was born Freemasonry,” was born (approxi- 23 Nancy Green, born a slave, one of in Montgomery, Ala., 1939. mate birth date), 1735. the first African Americans hired to 28 March on Washington for Jobs and promote a corporate trademark Freedom; Martin Luther King de- 6 Lee Roy Young, Jr. became the first 15 The 16th Street Baptist Church “Aunt Jemima”, died, 1923. livers his “I Have A Dream” speech, African American Texas Ranger in bombed in Birmingham, Alabama, 1963. the police force’s 165-year history, killing four young girls, 1963. 24 Executive Order 11246 was signed 1988. by President Lyndon B. Johnson 29 Michael Joseph Jackson, hall of 16 Frederick McKinley Jones became requiring equal employment op- fame singer and the “King of Pop,” 7 Earl Manigault, street basketball the first African American award- portunity, 1965. was born in Gary, Indiana, 1958. player known as “The Goat,” was ed the National Medal of Techno- born in Charleston, South Carolina, logy, 1991. 25 William Craft, subject of Running…; 30 Guion Stewart Bluford Jr. becomes 1944. or, the Escape of William and Ellen the first African American to trav- 17 Vanessa Williams becomes first Craft from Slavery, was born in el in space aboard the space shut- 8 Ruby Bridges Hall, first African African American woman named Macon, Georgia, 1824. tle Challenger, 1983. American to desegregate a south- Miss America, 1983. ern elementary school, was born 26 William Levi Dawson, professor, 31 Marva Collins, educator and author, in Tylertown, Miss., 1954. 18 Booker T. Washington delivered choir director, and composer, was was born in Monroeville, Alabama, his “Atlanta Compromise” speech born in Anniston, Alabama, 1899. 1936. 9 Sonia Sanchez, poet and play- at the Cotton States and Interna- wright, was born in Birmingham, tional Expo in Atlanta, Georgia, 1895. 27 Donald Cortez Cornelius, television SEPTEMBER Alabama, 1934. show host and producer (Soul Train), 19 The first International Congress of was born in Chicago, Illinois, 1936. 1 Halle Tanner Dillion Johnson be- 10 Hoyt William Fuller, editor, critic Black Writers and Artists was comes first woman of any race to prac- and leading figure in the Black convened at the Sorbonne in Paris, 28 The National Baptist Convention, tice medicine in Alabama, 1891. Arts Movement, was born in France, 1956. USA, Inc. was formed in Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, 1923. Georgia, 1895. 2 Joseph Hatchett, becomes first 20 Charles Howard Wright, physician, African American Supreme Court jus- 11 James Charles Evers, first African author and museum founder, was 29 The Committee on Urban Condi- tice in FL, 1975. American elected mayor of a Mis- born in Dothan, Alabama, 1918. tions Among Negroes (The Nation- sissippi city since Reconstruction, al Urban League) founded in New 3 Dorothy Maynor, concert sopra- was born in Decatur, Miss., 1922. 21 Clifford Leopold Alexander, Jr., York City, 1910. no and founder of the Harlem School lawyer, businessman and the first of Arts, was born in Norfolk, Virginia, 12 Mae Carol Jemison becomes first African American Secretary of the 30 Charles Sylvan “Cholly” Atkins, 1910. African American woman to travel Army, was born in New York City, dancer and Tony Award winning in space, 1992. 1933. choreographer, was born in Pratt 4 Lewis Howard Latimer, draftsman City, Alabama, 1913.

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OCTOBER War I, was born in Columbus, in Port Huron, Michigan, 1951. African American general in U.S. Georgia, 1894. Air Force, 1954. 1 The 24th Infantry Regiment (The 19 Richard Arrington, Jr., the first Deuce Four), the last all-Black 10 Frederick Douglass Patterson, African American mayor of Bir- 28 Leonard Randolph “Lenny” Wilkens, military unit, was deactivated in educator and founder of the mingham, Alabama, was born in hall of fame basketball player and Korea, 1951. United Negro College Fund, was Livingston, Alabama, 1934. coach, was born in Brooklyn, born in Washington, D. C., 1901. New York, 1937. 2 Thurgood Marshall was sworn in 20 Fayard Antonio Nicholas, half of as the first African American jus- 11 Granville T. Woods patents tele- the hall of fame Nicholas Brothers 29 Martha Minerva Franklin, hall of tice of the Supreme Court, 1967. phone system and apparatus, pat- dance team, was born in Mobile, fame nurse and founder of the ent number 371,241, 1887. Alabama, 1914. National Association of Colored 3 Nat King Cole becomes first African Graduate Nurses, was born in New American to host his own TV show, 12 Wilton Norman “Wilt” Chamberlain, 21 Valerie Thomas received patent Milford, Conn., 1870. 1956. only player in NBA history to score number 4,229,761 for her invention 100 points in a game and average of the Illusion Transmitter, 1980. 30 Richard Arrington elected first 4 Geoffrey S. Fletcher, first African 50 points per game in a season, African American mayor of American to receive an Academy died, 1999. 22 The Supremes become the first Birmingham, Alabama, 1979. Award for writing (Precious…) all-female music group to attain a was born in New London, Conn., 13 Shirley Ann Caesar, hall of fame No. 1 selling album (The Supremes 31 Ethel Waters, hall of fame gospel, 1970. gospel singer and songwriter known A’ Go-Go), 1966. blues and jazz vocalist and actress, as “First Lady of Gospel,” was born was born in Chester, Pennsylvania, 5 Autherine Juanita Lucy, the first in Durham, North Carolina, 1938. 23 William A. Leidesdorff, one of the 1896. African American student to at- first Black settlers in California, tend the University of Alabama, 14 At age 35, Martin Luther King, Jr. often called the first Black million- NOVEMBER was born in Shiloh, Alabama, 1929. becomes youngest man ever to win aire, was born in St. Croix, Virgin Nobel Peace Prize, 1964. Islands, 1810. 1 John H. Johnson published the 6 Fannie Lou Townsend Hamer, first issue ofEbony Magazine, 1945. voting rights activist and civil 15 The Alabama Penny Savings Bank 24 Marjorie S. Joyner, inventor of the rights leader, was born in Sunflower was founded in Birmingham, Ala., permanent wave machine, patent 2 President Ronald Reagan signed the County, Mississippi, 1917. one of the first three African number 1,693,515, was born in legislation creating a federal American owned and operated Monterey, Virginia, 1896. Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday, 1983. 7 Toni Morrison became the first U.S. financial institutions, 1890. African American woman to win 25 Emmett W. Chappelle, hall of fame 3 John Baxter Taylor, Jr., the first the Nobel Prize in Literature, 1993. 16 Million Man March held in scientist and researcher, was born African American to win an Olym- Washington, D.C., 1995. in Phoenix, Arizona, 1925. pic Gold medal, was born in 8 Jesse Louis Jackson, Sr., clergyman Washington, D.C., 1883. and civil rights leader, was born 17 Mae Carol Jemison, hall of fame 26 Regina Marcia Benjamin, former Jesse Louis Burns in Greenville, astronaut, physician and the first Surgeon General of the United 4 Barack Obama was elected the first South Carolina, 1941. African American woman in space, States, was born in Mobile, Alabama, African American President of the was born in Decatur, Alabama, 1956. 1956. United States, 2008. 9 Eugene Jacques Bullard, the only African American pilot in World 18 Terry McMillan, author, was born 27 Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. becomes first 5 Shirley Chisolm of Brooklyn, N.Y.,

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becomes the first African Ameri- Elaine Johnson in New York City, rican American to win a Profes- DECEMBER can woman elected to Congress, 1955. sional Bowlers Association title, 1968. was born in Detroit, Michigan, 1962. 1 Rosa Louise McCauley Parks re- 14 Condoleezza Rice, professor, dip- fused to give up her seat on a 6 James Weldon Johnson and lomat and national security expert, 22 William J. Powell, the first African Montgomery, Alabama city bus, 1955. J. Rosamond Johnson compose Lift was born in Birmingham, Alabama, American to design, build and Every Voice and Sing, widely regard- 1954. operate his own golf course, was 2 Odetta Holmes, singer, actress, ed as the Black national anthem, born in Greenville, Alabama, 1916. songwriter, human rights activist, 1901. 15 Lydia Newman of New York City “The Voice of the Civil Rights received patent number 614,335 23 John L. Love, received patent Movement”, died, 2008. 7 Douglas Wilder becomes the first for a new and improved hair brush, 594,114 for a pencil sharpener that African American to be elected 1898. used a crank to sharpen pencils, 3 Frederick Douglass publishes first governor in the United States, 1989. 1897. issue of North Star, 1847. 16 William Christopher “W.C.” Handy, 8 Crystal B. Fauset, elected state rep- hall of fame blues composer and 24 Oscar Palmer Robertson “The Big 4 The American Anti-Slavery Society resentative in Pennsylvania, becom- musician, was born in Florence, O”, hall of fame basketball player, was founded to abolish slavery in ing the first African American Alabama, 1873. was born in Charlotte, Tenn., 1938. the U.S. under the leadership of woman to serve in a state legisla , 1833. ture, 1938. 17 Samuel L. Younge, Jr., first African 25 Percy Sledge, hall of fame R&B and American college student to die soul performer, was born in 5 Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott 9 Benjamin Banneker, mathemati- in the , Leighton, Alabama, 1940. began, 1955. cian, inventor, astronomer, survey- was born in Tuskegee, AL, 1944. or and almanac author, was born 26 Sojourner Truth, abolitionist and 6 The 13th Amendment to the Unit- in Ellicott’s Mills, Maryland, 1731. 18 Harold W. Moon, one of only two women’s rights activist, died, 1883. ed States Constitution was adopt- people to be enshrined in the Ca- ed, 1865. 10 Benjamin Thornton received pat- nadian and the Pro Football Hall 27 James Marshall “Jimi” Hendrix, ent number 1,831,331 for an appa- of Fame, was born in , hall of fame guitarist, singer and 7 Comer Cottrell, businessman and ratus for automatically recording Calif., 1956. songwriter, was born in Seattle, founder of Pro-Line cosmetics, telephone messages, 1931. Washington, 1942. was born in Mobile, Alabama, 1931. 19 Annette Gordon-Reed, first Afri- 11 George R. Carruthers awarded pat- can American to win the Pulitzer 28 Berry Gordy, Jr., hall of fame re- 8 Sammy Davis, Jr., singer, dancer, ent 3,478,216 for his Image Con- Prize for History The Hemingses cord producer and founder of film and stage actor, was born in verter for Detecting Electromag- of Monticello…. born in Livingston, Motown Records, was born in New York City, 1925. netic Radiation, 1969. Texas, 1958. Detroit, Michigan, 1929. 9 P.B.S. Pinchback of Louisiana be- 12 The National Negro Opera Com- 20 Dominique M. Dawes, member of 29 Coleman Alexander Young, the first comes first African American pany was founded in Pittsburgh, the first U.S. women’s team to win African American Mayor of governor in U.S., 1872. Penn. by Mary Cardwell Dawson, an Olympic Gold in gymnastics, Detroit, Michigan, died, 1997. 1941. was born in Silver Spring, Mary- 10 Ralph J. Bunche becomes first land, 1976. 30 James Arthur Baldwin, novelist, African American awarded the 13 Whoopi Goldberg, actress, come- playwright, poet, essayist and civil Nobel Peace Prize, 1950. dienne and activist, was born Caryn 21 George Branham, III, the first Af rights activist, died, 1987.

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11 Henrietta Bradberry, received patent author and journalist, was born in New York, 1954. number 2,390,688 for a water New Canton, Virginia, 1875. proof, pneumatically operated way 29 Thomas J. Bradley, the first African to fire torpedoes under water, 1945. 20 South Carolina becomes the first American Mayor of Los Angeles, state to secede from the Union, 1860. California, was born in Calvert, 12 George Franklin Grant received Texas, 1917. patent number 638,920 for his in- 21 Josh Gibson, hall of fame Negro vention of the golf tee, 1899. League baseball player, was born in 30 Eldrick Tont “Tiger” Woods, one of Buena Vista, Georgia, 1911. the most successful golfers of all 13 Jamie Foxx, stand-up comedian, time, was born in Cypress, Califor- actor and singer, was born Eric 22 Jerry Pinkney, award winning il- nia, 1975. Marlon Bishop in Terrell, Texas, 1967. lustrator of children’s books, was born in Philadelphia, Penn., 1939. 31 Gabrielle “Gabby” Douglas, first 14 Ernest Davis, hall of fame college African American gymnast to win football player and the first Afri- 23 Madam C.J. Walker, businesswoman the Olympic individual all-around can American to win the Heisman and America’s first self-made female gold medal, born in Virginia Beach, Trophy, was born in New Salem, millionaire, was born Sarah Breedlove Virginia, 1995. Penn., 1939. in Delta, Louisiana, 1867.

15 William A. Hinton, first African 24 Ernest Nathan “Dutch” Morial, the American on Harvard Medical first African American Mayor of School faculty, developer of Hin New Orleans, Louisiana, died, 1989. ton test to detect syphilis, was born in Chicago, Illinois, 1883. 25 Cabell “Cab” Calloway III, hall of fame jazz singer and bandleader, 16 Andrew Jackson Young, Jr., first was born in Rochester, New York, African American to be nominated 1907. as the Ambassador to the United Nations, 1976. 26 John A. “Jack” Johnson, becomes first African American world heavy- 17 Condoleezza Rice became the first weight boxing champion with a female to hold the position of 14th-round TKO of Tommy Burns, United States National Security 1908. Advisor, 2000. 27 Ruth Carol Taylor, nurse, journalist 18 Raiford Chatman “Ossie” Davis, and the first African American actor, director, playwright and airline stewardess in the United social activist, was born in Cogdell, States, was born in Boston, Mass., Georgia, 1917. 1931.

19 Carter Godwin Woodson, “father of 28 Oscar-winning actor Denzel Wash- Black history”, educator, historian, ington, was born in Mount Vernon,

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