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Educator's Guide
Educator’s Guide the jill and lewis bernard family Hall of north american mammals inside: • Suggestions to Help You come prepared • essential questions for Student Inquiry • Strategies for teaching in the exhibition • map of the Exhibition • online resources for the Classroom • Correlations to science framework • glossary amnh.org/namammals Essential QUESTIONS Who are — and who were — the North as tundra, winters are cold, long, and dark, the growing season American Mammals? is extremely short, and precipitation is low. In contrast, the abundant precipitation and year-round warmth of tropical All mammals on Earth share a common ancestor and and subtropical forests provide optimal growing conditions represent many millions of years of evolution. Most of those that support the greatest diversity of species worldwide. in this hall arose as distinct species in the relatively recent Florida and Mexico contain some subtropical forest. In the past. Their ancestors reached North America at different boreal forest that covers a huge expanse of the continent’s times. Some entered from the north along the Bering land northern latitudes, winters are dry and severe, summers moist bridge, which was intermittently exposed by low sea levels and short, and temperatures between the two range widely. during the Pleistocene (2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago). Desert and scrublands are dry and generally warm through- These migrants included relatives of New World cats (e.g. out the year, with temperatures that may exceed 100°F and dip sabertooth, jaguar), certain rodents, musk ox, at least two by 30 degrees at night. kinds of elephants (e.g. -
Horned Animals
Horned Animals In This Issue In this issue of Wild Wonders you will discover the differences between horns and antlers, learn about the different animals in Alaska who have horns, compare and contrast their adaptations, and discover how humans use horns to make useful and decorative items. Horns and antlers are available from local ADF&G offices or the ARLIS library for teachers to borrow. Learn more online at: alaska.gov/go/HVNC Contents Horns or Antlers! What’s the Difference? 2 Traditional Uses of Horns 3 Bison and Muskoxen 4-5 Dall’s Sheep and Mountain Goats 6-7 Test Your Knowledge 8 Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, 2018 Issue 8 1 Sometimes people use the terms horns and antlers in the wrong manner. They may say “moose horns” when they mean moose antlers! “What’s the difference?” they may ask. Let’s take a closer look and find out how antlers and horns are different from each other. After you read the information below, try to match the animals with the correct description. Horns Antlers • Made out of bone and covered with a • Made out of bone. keratin layer (the same material as our • Grow and fall off every year. fingernails and hair). • Are grown only by male members of the • Are permanent - they do not fall off every Cervid family (hoofed animals such as year like antlers do. deer), except for female caribou who also • Both male and female members in the grow antlers! Bovid family (cloven-hoofed animals such • Usually branched. -
Idaho Mountain Goat Management Plan (2019-2024)
Idaho Mountain Goat Management Plan 2019-2024 Prepared by IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME June 2019 Recommended Citation: Idaho Mountain Goat Management Plan 2019-2024. Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise, USA. Team Members: Paul Atwood – Regional Wildlife Biologist Nathan Borg – Regional Wildlife Biologist Clay Hickey – Regional Wildlife Manager Michelle Kemner – Regional Wildlife Biologist Hollie Miyasaki– Wildlife Staff Biologist Morgan Pfander – Regional Wildlife Biologist Jake Powell – Regional Wildlife Biologist Bret Stansberry – Regional Wildlife Biologist Leona Svancara – GIS Analyst Laura Wolf – Team Leader & Regional Wildlife Biologist Contributors: Frances Cassirer – Wildlife Research Biologist Mark Drew – Wildlife Veterinarian Jon Rachael – Wildlife Game Manager Additional copies: Additional copies can be downloaded from the Idaho Department of Fish and Game website at fishandgame.idaho.gov Front Cover Photo: ©Hollie Miyasaki, IDFG Back Cover Photo: ©Laura Wolf, IDFG Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG) adheres to all applicable state and federal laws and regulations related to discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, gender, disability or veteran’s status. If you feel you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility of IDFG, or if you desire further information, please write to: Idaho Department of Fish and Game, P.O. Box 25, Boise, ID 83707 or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Federal Assistance, Mailstop: MBSP-4020, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, Telephone: (703) 358-2156. This publication will be made available in alternative formats upon request. Please contact IDFG for assistance. Costs associated with this publication are available from IDFG in accordance with Section 60-202, Idaho Code. -
Antelope, Deer, Bighorn Sheep and Mountain Goats: a Guide to the Carpals
J. Ethnobiol. 10(2):169-181 Winter 1990 ANTELOPE, DEER, BIGHORN SHEEP AND MOUNTAIN GOATS: A GUIDE TO THE CARPALS PAMELA J. FORD Mount San Antonio College 1100 North Grand Avenue Walnut, CA 91739 ABSTRACT.-Remains of antelope, deer, mountain goat, and bighorn sheep appear in archaeological sites in the North American west. Carpal bones of these animals are generally recovered in excellent condition but are rarely identified beyond the classification 1/small-sized artiodactyl." This guide, based on the analysis of over thirty modem specimens, is intended as an aid in the identifi cation of these remains for archaeological and biogeographical studies. RESUMEN.-Se han encontrado restos de antilopes, ciervos, cabras de las montanas rocosas, y de carneros cimarrones en sitios arqueol6gicos del oeste de Norte America. Huesos carpianos de estos animales se recuperan, por 10 general, en excelentes condiciones pero raramente son identificados mas alIa de la clasifi cacion "artiodactilos pequeno." Esta glia, basada en un anaIisis de mas de treinta especlmenes modemos, tiene el proposito de servir como ayuda en la identifica cion de estos restos para estudios arqueologicos y biogeogrMicos. RESUME.-On peut trouver des ossements d'antilopes, de cerfs, de chevres de montagne et de mouflons des Rocheuses, dans des sites archeologiques de la . region ouest de I'Amerique du Nord. Les os carpeins de ces animaux, generale ment en excellente condition, sont rarement identifies au dela du classement d' ,I artiodactyles de petite taille." Le but de ce guide base sur 30 specimens recents est d'aider aidentifier ces ossements pour des etudes archeologiques et biogeo graphiques. -
Bighorn Sheep, Moose, and Mountain Goats
Bighorn Sheep, Moose, and Mountain Goats Brock Hoenes Ungulate Section Manager, Wildlife Program WACs: 220-412-070 Big game and wild turkey auction, raffle, and special incentive permits. 220-412-080 Special hunting season permits. 220-415-070 Moose seasons, permit quotas, and areas. 220-415-120 2021 Bighorn sheep seasons and permit quotas. 220-415-130 2021 Mountain goat seasons and permit quotas. 1. Special Hunting Season Permits 2. Moose – Status, recommendations, public comment 3. Mountain Goat – Status, recommendations, public comment 4. Bighorn Sheep – Status, recommendations, public comment 5. Questions Content Department of Fish and Wildlife SPECIAL HUNTING SEASON PERMITS White‐Tailed DeerWAC 220-412-080 • Allow successful applicants for all big game special permits to return their permit to the Department for any Agree 77% reason two weeks prior to the Neutral 9% opening day of the season and to have their points restored Disagree 14% 1,553 Respondents • Remove the “once‐in‐a‐lifetime” Public Comment restriction for Mountain Goat Conflict • 223 comments, 1 email/letter Reduction special permit category • General (90 agree, 26 disagree) • Reissue permit (67) • >2 weeks (21) • No change (12) Department of Fish and Wildlife MOOSE • Primarily occur in White‐Tailed DeerNE and north-central Washington • Most recent estimate in 2016 indicated ~5,000 moose in NE • Annual surveys to estimate age and sex ratios (snow dependent) • Recent studies (2014-2018) in GMUs 117 and 124 indicated populations were declining • Poor body condition (adult female) • Poor calf survival • Wolf predation • Tick infestations • Substantial reduction in antlerless permits in 2018 Department of Fish and Wildlife MOOSE RECOMMENDATIONS 1. -
Exotic Big Game: a Controversial Resource Stephen Demarals, David A
RANGELANDS12(2), April 1990 121 operation was substantially higher because of the addi- allocating15% of the fixed vehiclecosts to the enterprise, tional driving associated with guiding hunters and may the break-even charge is $77.90 per hunter day. In com- also involve picking up hunters in town. Providing guid- paring the break-even chargeswith the estimated fee of ing services requiresadditional labor and includesa cost $111.93, it appears this option is also profitable. for the operator to becomelicensed as an outfitter and Discussion and Conclusions This is a in if the guide. requirement Wyoming hunting Additional income was the reason cited enterpriseused landsnot owned by the operator, includ- primary by lands, or if are hired the operators for beginning a recreation enterprise. While ing public guides by operator. ranch recreationhas the to earna realiz- The budget for Example 2 is shown in Table 2. In this potential profit, the breakeven is hunter ing that potential dependson each operator'ssituation. example charge $24.81 per day. evaluate his the break-even with the estimated fee Eachoperator must particularsituation and Comparing charge consider suchas with the of $36.32 that this of any subjectivefactors, dealing per day (Table 1) suggests type when a ranch recreation is also public, assessing the potential of operation profitable. When landowners and are able to Example 3 describes an agricultural operation that pro- enterprise. recognize realize a situation and other vides 14,400 acres for deer and The profitable through hunting antelope hunting. recreation activitieson their land, wildlife habitat will be hunting enterprise operates for 28 days with thirty-five viewed as an asset and not a customershunting an average of four days per hunteror liability. -
Species Fact Sheet: Sika Deer (Cervus Nippon) [email protected] 023 8023 7874
Species Fact Sheet: Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) [email protected] www.mammal.org.uk 023 8023 7874 Quick Facts Recognition: A medium-sized deer. Has a similar spotted coat to fallow deer in summer, but usually is rougher, thicker, dark grey-brown in winter. Tail is shorter than fallow deer, but with similar white “target” and black margins. Usually has a distinctive “furrowed brow” look, and if seen well, evident white spots on the limbs, marking the site of pedal glands. Males have rounded, not pamate, antlers, looking like a small version of a red deer stag’s antlers. Size: 138-179 cm; Tail length: 14-21cm; Shoulder height 50-120 cm. Weight: Males 40-63kg; females 31-44kg. Life Span: Maximum recorded lifespan in captivity is 26 years; 16 in the wild. Distribution & Habitat Sika are native to SE China, including Taiwan, Korea and Japan. It was introduced to Powerscourt Park, Co Wicklow, Ireland, in 1860, and to London Zoo. Sika then spread to many other parks and escaped or were deliberately released; in some cases they were deliberately released into surrounding woodlands to be hunted on horseback. This resulted in feral populations S England (especially Dorset and the New Forest), in the Forest of Bowland and S Cumbria, and, especially, in Scotland. It is still spreading. Its preference for conifer plantations, especially the thick young stages, has been a big advantage to it. It can reach densities up to 45/km2 in prime habitat. General Ecology Behaviour They typically live in small herds of 6-7 animals, at least in more open habitats, but in dense cover may only live in small groups of 1-3 only. -
Estimating Sika Deer Abundance Using Camera Surveys
ESTIMATING SIKA DEER ABUNDANCE USING CAMERA SURVEYS by Sean Q. Dougherty A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Wildlife Ecology Fall 2010 Copyright 2010 Sean Q. Dougherty All Rights Reserved ESTIMATING SIKA DEER ABUNDANCE USING CAMERA SURVEYS by Sean Q. Dougherty Approved: ___________________________________________________________ Jacob L. Bowman, Ph.D. Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved: ___________________________________________________________ Douglas W. Tallamy, Ph.D. Chair of the Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology Approved: ___________________________________________________________ Robin W. Morgan, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Agriculture & Natural Resources Approved: ___________________________________________________________ Charles G. Riordan, Ph.D. Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the funding sources that made my research possible; the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Partnership Grant, the University of Delaware Graduate School, the University of Delaware McNair Scholar’s program, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, University of Delaware Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, the West Virginia University McNair Scholar’s program, and Tudor Farms LLC. I would also like to thank my committee members Jake Bowman, Greg Shriver, Brian Eyler, and the staff Tudor Farms LLC for all the support and invaluable advice with all aspects of my research and fieldwork. All my friends and family have been especially valuable for their love and support throughout all my endeavors. Finally, I have to acknowledge Traci Hunt for her support, advice and hours of attentiveness throughout the writing portion of my thesis. -
Reeves' Muntjac Populations Continue to Grow and Spread Across Great
European Journal of Wildlife Research (2021) 67:34 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-021-01478-2 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Reeves’ muntjac populations continue to grow and spread across Great Britain and are invading continental Europe Alastair I. Ward1 & Suzanne Richardson1 & Joachim Mergeay2,3 Received: 27 August 2020 /Revised: 18 November 2020 /Accepted: 5 March 2021 # The Author(s) 2021 Abstract The appropriate response for controlling an invasive non-native species depends on the extent to which its invasion has progressed, which can be revealed by information on its distribution and abundance. Reeves’ muntjac is a native deer to China and Taiwan, but has been introduced and become well-established in Great Britain. Moreover, in recent years, reports and verified records in the wild from other European countries have become more frequent. We reviewed the status of Reeves’ muntjac in Britain and evaluated its national range expansion from 2002 to 2016. While the British population appears to have tripled in size since 1995, the rate at which it has expanded its range seems to have peaked at approximately 12% per year between 2002 and 2005 and has since declined. We also consolidated observations on its international distribution, including a conservative evaluation of its presence in zoological collections. We predict that this species could expand its range to include every European country, although the availability of suitable landcover and climate is likely to vary substantially between countries. To prevent the significant impacts to conservation interests that have been observed in Great Britain from extending across Europe, national administrations should consider eradicating Reeves’ muntjac while that is still feasible. -
67Th Legislature HB 318.2
67th Legislature HB 318.2 1 HOUSE BILL NO. 318 2 INTRODUCED BY K. HOLMLUND, D. SALOMON, D. BARTEL, D. BEDEY, J. DOOLING, K. WHITMAN 3 4 A BILL FOR AN ACT ENTITLED: “AN ACT REVISING WILD BUFFALO AND WILD BISON LAWS; 5 CLARIFYING THE DEFINITION OF "WILD BUFFALO" OR "WILD BISON"; CLARIFYING THAT THE PER 6 CAPITA FEE DOES NOT APPLY TO CERTAIN DOMESTIC BISON; AMENDING SECTIONS 15-24-921, 81-1- 7 101, 87-2-101, AND 87-6-101, MCA; AND PROVIDING AN IMMEDIATE EFFECTIVE DATE.” 8 9 BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MONTANA: 10 11 Section 1. Section 15-24-921, MCA, is amended to read: 12 "15-24-921. Per capita fee to pay expenses of enforcing livestock laws. (1) (a) A per capita fee is 13 authorized and directed to be imposed by the department on all poultry and honey bees, all swine 3 months of 14 age or older, and all other livestock 9 months of age or older in each county of this state. The fee is in addition 15 to appropriations and is to help pay the salaries and all expenses connected with the enforcement of the 16 livestock laws of the state and bounties on wild animals as provided in 81-7-104. 17 (b) A per capita fee may not be imposed on bison owned by a tribal member OR TRIBE and located on 18 fee land or tribal land within the boundaries of a reservation. 19 (2) The per capita fee is due on May 31 of each year. -
Region One Mountain Goat Report 2016 Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks
Region One Mountain Goat Report 2016 Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks Since this is a progress report only, results herein are not necessarily final and may be subject to change. The information in this report may not be published or used for other purposes without permission of MFWP. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks Region One Headquarters 490 Meridian Road Prepared by Jessy Coltrane, PhD Kalispell, Montana 59901 Kalispell Area Wildlife Biologist INTRODUCTION Mountain goats (Oreamos americanus) historically occupied most available montane cliff habitat throughout northwest Montana (Fish Wildlife & Parks, Administrative Region 1); however, since the 1950s, native mountain goat numbers have experienced a dramatic decline. Thus, once occupied habitat is now devoid of goats, and current mountain goat range is significantly reduced from its historic expanse. In the 1940s and 1950s, mountain goats were considered an abundant and not easily depleted resource in northwest Montana. Population estimates for mountain goats in the region described 350 mountain goats in the Swan Mountains, 20 in the North Fork of the Flathead, 315 in the Clark’s Fork, 900 in Glacier Park, 100 near Coram, 450 from Spotted Bear to Schaffer Meadows, and 250 in Big Prairie (Montana Department of Fish and Game 1958). Native herds in the South Fork of the Flathead River and the Swan Mountains were used as source populations to establish new goat herds in mountain ranges throughout Montana and Colorado. From 1948 to 1953, 66 goats were transplanted from the South Fork of the Flathead River and 13 from Van Lookout in the Swan Range (Picton and Lonner 2008). In addition to capture removals, wildlife managers allowed for unlimited harvest of mountain goats. -
AWA IR C-AK Secure.Pdf
United States Department of Agriculture Customer: 3415 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Inspection Date: 25-JUN-14 Animal Inspected at Last Inspection Cust No Cert No Site Site Name Inspection 3415 96-C-0015 001 ALASKA WILDLIFE 25-JUN-14 CONSERVATION CENTER INC. Count Species 000002 Canadian lynx 000004 Reindeer 000009 Muskox 000004 Moose 000002 North American black bear 000003 Brown bear 000001 North American porcupine 000130 American bison 000001 Red fox 000021 Elk 000177 Total United States Department of Agriculture Customer: 7106 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Inspection Date: 15-SEP-14 Animal Inspected at Last Inspection Cust No Cert No Site Site Name Inspection 7106 96-C-0024 001 S.A.A.M.S 15-SEP-14 Count Species 000008 Stellers northern sealion 000006 Harbor seal 000003 Sea otter 000017 Total United States Department of Agriculture Customer: 7106 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Inspection Date: 24-JUN-15 Animal Inspected at Last Inspection Cust No Cert No Site Site Name Inspection 7106 96-C-0024 001 S.A.A.M.S 24-JUN-15 Count Species 000008 Stellers northern sealion 000006 Harbor seal 000014 Total DBARKSDALE United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 2016082567946548 Insp_id Inspection Report S.A.A.M.S Customer ID: 7106 P. O. Box 1329 Certificate: 96-C-0024 Seward, AK 99664 Site: 001 S.A.A.M.S Type: ROUTINE INSPECTION Date: 26-SEP-2016 No non-compliant items identified during this inspection. This inspection and exit briefing was conducted with facility representatives.