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Home , Calshot Castle, Elizabeth I, Hurst Castle, Itchen Navigation, Itchen Way, John White (bishop)

Further inland, Abbey stands Basingstoke beyond in beautiful countryside near the famous . Originally a 12th-century priory, it was made into a private house Andover TUDORS after Henry VIII’s split with the Explore Winchester’s Tudor history and Journey out of Winchester a few and you will find Church. Tel:01794 340757. A303 these interesting places with Tudor connections. Alton test your knowledge of the period At Southwick, you can see the church of Before her wedding, Mary travelled to Winchester from St James. Rebuilt in 1566 by John Whyte A34 M3 London, staying with Gardiner at his castle in A33 (a servant of the Earl of ), Alresford A31 Farnham and then on to his palace at Bishop’s Waltham . WincWinchester A3 it is a rare example of a post- This medieval palace stood in a 10,000-acre park and had Mottisfont been a hunting spot for Henry VIII. Tudor church and well A272 occupied the palace until the early 17th-century when it worth a visit. The interesting thing was destroyed during the Civil War. The extensive ruins are about the church is its date. At a time worth a visit today, and events are sometime staged there. when churches were either being torn down, or their decoration removed, here M27 Tel: 01962 840500. Bishop's A3 is a church that was newly built. It is Waltham Old Basing House , home of the Lord Treasurer, William A31 especially noteworthy for its three- Southampton Wickham Paulet, was a huge castle, converted in Tudor times into a Southwick decker pulpit, its gallery, reredos (screen M27 Parish Church large private house. Mary and CChChichesterichester behind the altar) and box pews. There A326 Philip were entertained there are monuments to John Whyte (d.1567) after their wedding. The A337 and his wife (d.1548). Castle Mary I’s route from London house, like many others, was to Winchester 8. How w damaged in the Civil War ould you Southsea describ Philip’s route to Winchester and fell into ruins covering e a formal Castle garde The map shows the area around about 10 acres. Today you n? Can you Wedding party's route back name Winchester and places of interest relating to London any of the can see the remains of pla to the . Towns mentioned in Palace Cathedral / “The trumpetes sounded; and thus both returned hand in hand …the Queen nts that Castle Tudor kitchens, towers, they this leaflet all appear on this map. Mansion Abbey going always on the right hand ...until mass was done; and immediately might cont and a recently recreated ain? after they returned to the Bishop's Palace.” early 17th-century formal abbeys, Hyde and St Mary’s, The marriage of Queen Mary and King Philip II of in WInchester, as Quiz answers recorded by the English Heralds. garden. Tel: 01256 467294. Did you know? that were torn down 1. 10 is X; 50 is L; 100 is C; 500 is D; during the time of Henry VIII is said to To the south is the famous seaport of Portsmouth , where 1,000 is M. Try writing 1554. Henry VIII. in 1494 Henry VII built a square masonry tower. have had over Over 500 years ago, in 1485, Henry VII became the first king of the 70,000 people 2. There are 25 . Some of 6. T he stone-built l i A year later he added a dockyard where royal warships the names are Sir Galahad, Sir cellar was fireproof so c Tudor royal family. The War of the Roses had just ended and this, executed while he n ? u Lancelot du Lac, Sir Gawain, Sir this is where the o added to the population decrease and economic instability already could be built and repaired. Fifty years later, Henry VIII was king. C

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Mordred. Can you add to these? t Winchester had its merchant kept his expensive goods. i brought by the Death and the Hundred Years War, was to

built at the harbour entrance. It was from C

Because stone was expensive, the r own gallows sited e 3. Richard III (Battle of Bosworth); t herald a period of steady decline for Winchester.

here that Henry saw disaster strike his ship the : s

living areas were made of wood and e

to the north of the The Merry Wives of Windsor; Henry h she was sunk by the French in . c n town, off the VIII. plaster. i However, the city was still favoured by a succession of Tudor W You can see her now in Portsmouth Andover Road. At 7 Mills were, and still are, used for y monarchs, hosting a royal birth, christening and later a wedding. 4. All the niches are empty. The b

dockyard. the Jolly Farmer pub d grinding corn. The wheels were e

statues were removed along with all c Winchester is a showcase of buildings, ruins and artefacts that there is a list of u other images of God or the saints in made of wood, and later ones of d o

The south coast and in r played a part in this extraordinary period of regal history - step into

names of people stone, quartz being the best p human form. Similar empty niches particular had to be protected 5 or executed.Beaumond material for its hardwearing quality. 1 the cathedral and you’re entering Queen Mary’s wedding venue! us Tud can be seen on the east face of 0 amo 2 A f 9. against the marauding foreign (see city map) was l the Westgate. i Read on to discover the stories behind our in the Great und 8. Formal gardens are laid out in a a d aro r aile T s ships and and Hurst the place where called precise way. Plants would include r Hall, an ornate Tudor ceiling in the Westgate, the ruins of Wolvesey in aship 5. Winchester has no local stone o world people were burned d nd. Castle were both positioned to do herbs that were spread on floors to u Castle, , Bishop’s Waltham Palace and more... Hi other than flint. Most of the square T Golden at the stake. the improve the smell of a house. 7 as just this, Calshot at the entrance stones came from the Isle of Wight, 3 hat w 7

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which is about 45 kilometres away. 0 ame? to , and Hurst 9. Sir - his n 7 The stones were part of the two 0 Castle further west. 1 0 M S If you would like this leaflet in another a larger please T

www.visitwinchester.co.uk Bishop’s Waltham Palace email [email protected] or call 01962 840 500 to discuss your requirement. Henry VII Elizabeth Did you know? Tudor monarchs r.148 5– 1509 of York WOLF HALL One of Henry VII’s favourite houses was Winchester After its Tudor decline Winchester would not th Castle where his first son, Arthur, was born and then Arthur flourish again until the 19 century when the in Winchester railway was built. christened at the cathedral, the first Tudor royal d.1502 Winchester’s historic cityscape ceremony to be held in the city. m.(1) m.(6) makes it a popular film location for When Arthur died , Henry’s Henry VIII Catherine m.(2) Anne m.(3) m.(4) Anne m.(5) Catherine Catherine period dramas. The city provided a second son Henry VIII became r.150 9– 1547 of Aragon executed 1536 d.1537 of Cleeves Howard Parr divorced divorced executed 1542 d.1548 backdrop for the acclaimed Tudor BEAUT Y AND HI STORY king. Probably best known for 1. How drama Wolf Hall (2015) – adapted having six wives, Henry VIII good are your Roman nu from books by author Hilary caused a great political and merals? Philip II m Mary I Edward VI How are num Mantel. , the religious upheaval when he bers of Spain r.155 3– 1558 r.155 8– 1603 r.154 7– 1553 10, 50,100, 50 Great Hall and the Hospital of St split from the 0 d.1598 of Rome and established the and 1,000 Cross (a medieval almshouse) all wri For details of opening times, Church of , thus giving tten? offered convincing settings for admissions, tours, services and The next Tudor to come to the throne was Mary I – a Catholic events please call us on 01962 857 200 him the freedom to remarry. who became known as ‘Bloody Mary’ because she imprisoned various scenes. (Monday to Friday) or visit the website: www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk In 1522, Henry entertained the King Protestants and burned 300 at the stake. Her marriage to Philip II Why not book a walking tour that of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, of Spain, another Catholic, was unpopular. They married in takes in some of Winchester’s at Winchester Castle’s Great Hall, when Charles was able Winchester, part of the reason being that there was less likelihood famous landmarks from the Tudor to look at the newly painted Round Table with its central of a riot there than in London. The wedding took place on 25 July times? Winchester’s Tourist Guides and portrait of King Arthur. 1554: a grand ceremony in Winchester Cathedral, but a miserable run a special Tudor walking tour on The painting is a real bit of Tudor marriage. request. Visit one-upmanship. Arthur in the Our last Tudor was the great Elizabeth I, the second daughter of www.winchestertouristguides.com picture looks like the bearded Henry VIII. Her , sometimes called a , began in or contact Winchester Tourist hts Henry, and Arthur’s fame had 1558 until her death in 1603. She was a determined leader in w many Knig Information Centre on 2. Ho spread throughout Europe and dangerous times, totally committed to her role as queen, so of the Round 01962 840 500 re? formed an integral part of the much so that she ordered the execution of her cousin – Table are the for details. e Chivalric Code. The point being another Mary – Queen of Scots. Can you nam ? Claire Foy as on set in Winchester during the filming of some of them made by the picture is that Henry could trace his family back to King Wolf Hall. © Company Pictures / Playground for BBC. Arthur and then to the emperors of Mary & Philip’s wedding Photograph by Giles Keyte Ancient Rome. This was further back 25 July 1554 – St James’s Day than Charles V who at that time was Holy (patron saint of Spain) I

Roman Emperor. The position of the Tudor rose motif at y ) r 1 a

In July 1554 Philip sailed up the Southampton 6 8 the centre of the painting emphasises Henry’s legitimate M

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When Henry VIII died in 1547 his son Edward VI, aged 5 t i 5

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imprisonment in the Tower of , Willia m Shakespe bells and cannon shot. Later that day, he met n are a Kissing Coin’, issued to i t

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was T writin Mary for the first time where a courtier g. mark the wedding of r e Catholics. Amongst these were t Can you n f ame a a ny of pronounced her ‘old, badly dressed and almost Mary and Philip n the , i www.hants.gov.uk/greathall Winchester his plays re a t lating p toothless’. However, the wedding took place, i S a

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off along the Roman road to Basing House , 20 miles north of N ( D o Winchester. A month later, Philip left for Spain, returning three Damian Lewis as Henry VIII on set in Winchester during the filming of Wolf Hall. years later for a few months before leaving again, forever. Mary Images of Philip and Mary courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London © Company Pictures / Playground Entertainment for BBC. Photograph by Giles Keyte www.visitwinchester.co.uk died shortly after. THE WINCHESTER TUDOR TRAIL

Mark Rylance as on set in Winchester during the filming of Wolf Hall. © Company Pictures / Playground Entertainment for BBC. Tudor Wintonians Photograph by Giles Keyte. The schoolmaster who could dole out punishments The streets of Winchester In 1535, Dr John White was appointed headmaster and then The royal wedding of Mary and Philip in 1554 brought about a warden of . In Edward VI’s reign he was massive clean up of the city. Streets were cleaned and ‘le sent to the for his religious beliefs but rubbishe’ carted away. Heralds were paid for ‘proclaiming’ the released by Mary I and made , and later, King and Queen on their entry into the city, the town was Bishop of Winchester. He commissioned a painted ceiling in decorated with flags and the Queen’s trumpeters, footmen celebration of Mary’s wedding. You can see this ceiling in the and men-at-arms all received gifts of money. Westgate. He carried out Mary’s religious policies and had Thomas Benbridge burned at the stake. Hotels and Inns Tudor Winchester had over 100 inns and alehouses and so was Broiled and burned – well able to cater for the guests at Mary and Philip’s wedding another victim of religious (a number that probably doubled the city’s population). Most intolerance of the inns were on the north side of the High Street, near the Thomas Benbridge was a Butter Cross, while most of the alehouses and taverns were Speed’s Map of Winchester, 1611. Speed’s Map of Winchester was drawn seven years after the death of Elizabeth I in 1603. The city walls and Castle (32) landowner. When he opposite them, including one behind the Butter Cross called are still standing. Hyde Abbey (2) and St Mary’s Abbey (8) have been levelled and most traces removed. The cathedral (31) has lost its cloisters. refused to attend Catholic Mass ‘Hevene’ and next to it one called ‘Helle’. The Bishop’s residence of Wolvesey Castle (25) was by then in ruins and is not shown. he was found guilty of and sentenced to be burned to death. The Butter Cross He suffered two attempts to burn At the heart of the city centre, now pedestrianised, this him before he died. Bishop John medieval monument is a traditional meeting place for The Soke Westgate White, as he was then (see Wintonians (people of Winchester). Originally known as the This word means an One of five medieval gates, this was the main entrance above), was partly responsible. City Cross, it was first mentioned in 1427. It was from here administrative area, in this into the city. The two stone shields on the west front that the mayor would read out public announcements and case under the Bishop rather were a sort of noticeboard where the coat-of-arms of than the Queen. In Tudor 6. Why do you think give news of royal births, marriages and deaths. the bottom part of important visitors were painted on. In the Westgate times the Soke on the east of a Tudor building is Museum you can see Dr John White’s painted ceiling, as town was one of the richer stone, and the well as Tudor objects. Detail of a woodcut from areas of Winchester. top is wood and Foxe’s Book of In St John’s Street you’ll find a plaster? Winchester Castle and the Great Hall A victim of Henry VIII’s good example of a Tudor One of the strongest fortresses in Britain, started in 1070 by change to merchant’s house (now privately , the Great Hall was built in 1222 and owned). Opposite is the church of is one of the finest surviving medieval halls. In 1603, the year Elizabeth Shelley was the last St John’s in the Soke whose accounts Elizabeth I died, the courts moved here from Westminster to abbess of St Mary’s Abbey. in 1591 show that the sum of 3 shillings avoid the plague. It was here that the one-time favourite of Look at the west front After she surrendered the abbey was spent on ‘drinking and the ringing’ of 4. Elizabeth I, Sir , was tried and found guilty of of Winchester Cathedral? to Henry VIII’s men in 1539, the its bells to celebrate the visit What is missing that tells nuns were expelled and of Elizabeth I. plotting with Spain against England. us something about the Elizabeth continued to live there religious conflict in almost uninhabitable The ruins of the Bishop’s The City Bridge with the City Mill behind started by Henry VIII Wolvesey Castle and known as the conditions. She is buried in the Castle of Wolvesey Reformation? chapel of Winchester College. Since Saxon times, the bishops of Winchester Littleton Kings WorWor or thythy lived here. More a fortified residence than a castle, it was here, in 1554, that Mary I stayed before her wedding to Philip of Spain, and this D A Catholic with good HARESTHARESTOCK A South DownsDoD wns O is where she held her wedding banquet. After R Nationalio PParkarkk Easton Ea ABBOA TTS

intentions Y ston BARTON H that, the building gradually fell into disuse. T R Ralf Lamb was a member of 5. Walk around the College O A N W area and look for the D City Mill Bishop Gardiner’s household O V S E T R who attended Mary and Philip’s checkerboard- O AldiA R Mentioned in the effect garden walls, known C O K A wedding. His portrait shows B WaitroseWaaitrose D Domesday Book, as ‘diaper work’. Where do RI DG him dressed in Spanish style, E R Winchesternchester h the mill was one of you think the stones O er Itchen AD WEEKE RugbyRuugby ve painted by a Spanish artist. RiverRiv Itchen WinnallW came from? FootballFootball Club ub 13 in the city. Industriall 7. A water mill is He left £400 to St John’s TEG DOWN Estate and d E Retail Park k Reflecting the N used for what? Hospital (opposite the A RiverRRivivere ParkParkk Itchen Waayy L decline of Y LeisureLeiLLeisurure CentreCentrC e What are the Guildhall) to buy houses for the H T WWinnWinnall Moors R E TeTesco s c o Winchester in PeterPeter O NaturNaturere ReserveReserve AN wheels made of? SEE CITCITYY CENTREW MMAPAP L city’s poor. With this money, St S T T Symonds E N O E TO Henry VIII’s time, The Butter Cross C R S John’s purchased the building KB CollegeeColleg T EA S RI E DG E the mill was D now known as the Dolphin in U E 3 R Y N D T H E M E C E I R 23 neglected and the High Street (there is a stone V T T A Y S R OA S N U D E ceased working. dolphin carved above the P NO L O P RT E H A T T W R A E L

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E door). The Hospital’s Lamb and H U The site was given to the city to help pay for the O N R I IO Oram’sOOram’s G T B FULFLOODULFLOODODD CITYTY N S

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E C E UniversityUniversity of Winchester J E on the St Thomas Street T mill was eventually restored in 1743. HIG WestWest DownsDowns Campus H STSTR HILL frontage of the Dolphin, now T EEEE N S T E A LR D L ESFORD A E ROAD RO B A MSEY MilitarMilitaryry T RO O D A A an off-licence. R DW St Mary’s Abbey G G A

Y Winchester Science CentreWinche Museumsm A H M STT GILEGI LES’ S’ HILHILL LL L T CathedralCathedralthethe ToTourist u rrist i s t U This was one of the main nunneries in England. H O InformationInfformationormationm iooonn

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Countynty Hospital S this leaflet) gave up the house to Henry VIII and Southouth DownsDoS wns WayWaayy Portrait of Ralf Lamb,

L D UniversityUniversity of I A S soon after it was abandoned. Mary gave the land dated 1554. On view E O Winchester R D H Y A C at the Westgate. E SLE S EPE O HIGHCLIFFE to the city to help cover her wedding costs. RS R M HILL O E R T A The site is now occupied by the Guildhall, and SLEEPERSLEEPERS HILL G Itchenhen Waayy S Winchesterr

G e B N CollegCollegee The Tudor House on I Abbey House is the residence of the Mayor of S A T K A R BAR END The treasurer who did a U-turn N St John’s Street MO E Winchester. y RE N LA D D GarrisonrisonGar OMB LANE N A CHILC William Paulet, 1st Marquess of E R 3 O SportsSports GroundoundGr O G WaterWater M R A A StadiumS L St John’s Hospital O R MeadowsMeadows D

Hursley Hursle W Winchester, served as Lord Treasurer E S N STTANMOREANMORE R S I S ER of England under three Tudor T O A R Founded by the city’s merchants in 1294 to N B M C ParkParrrk & RideR A D OR South DownsDowns G T monarchs. At first he was firmly E E LA R NE S O National ParkPark care for the elderly and unwell, it was this R A FA D against Mary’s marriage to Philip of R M BADGERR ST CCROSSS hospital that Ralf Lamb gave money to (see R Hospitalspital ofo Spain, and was heard to swear that D FARMRM Tudor Wintonians). nder a City charter issued by St. CrSt. CrCrossoss vigation

he would ‘set upon’ Philip when he M er Itchen Elizabeth I in 1587, St John’s Hospital was run Sainsbury’sSainsburuur sy’ StSt. Catherine’sCatherine’s O landed. He later changed his opinion R RiverRiv Itchen HiHill Itchen NavigationNa E S by the city until 1829, when it became an T and entertained the wedding party E ClarendonClarendon WayWaWay Itchen Waayy AD OLIVER’S R independent charity. at Old Basing on their way to OA Portrait of William BAATTERTTERRYY D London. 23 Paulet, Lord Treasurer N and 1st Marquess of ShawfordShawford HHockle o c k l ey V i a d u c t & Winchester. On view at the Guildhall. The Round Table in the Great Hall