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Forest Fires in Europe – 2004 EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL Joint Research Centre Report No 5 Institute for Environment and Sustainability LAND MANAGEMENT UNIT DIRECTORATE-GENERAL ENVIRONMENT CIVIL PROTECTION UNIT DIRECTORATE-GENERAL ENVIRONMENT FORESTS UNIT ForestForest FiresFires inin EuropeEurope 20042004 S.P.I.05.147 EN © European Communities, 2005 Forest Fires in Europe 2004 Contacts: DIRECTORATE-GENERAL JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE Institute for Environment and Sustainability Land Management Unit Guido Schmuck [email protected] Jesús San-Miguel-Ayanz [email protected] Paulo Barbosa [email protected] Andrea Camia [email protected] Jan Kucera [email protected] Giorgio Libertá [email protected] DIRECTORATE-GENERAL ENVIRONMENT Civil Protection Unit Pia Bucella [email protected] Forest Unit Robert Flies [email protected] Ernst Schulte [email protected] Lorenza Colletti [email protected] MEMBER STATES AND CANDIDATE COUNTRIES Sources of data and comments are given in the text. LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information Forest Fires in Europe 2004 S.P.I.05.147 EN © European Communities 2005 Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Italy 3 FOREWORD The European Commission published its first A basic tool for decision-making is information. “Forest Fires in Europe” report five years ago, To provide comprehensive information on forest giving the first comprehensive picture of the fires and their effects on the environment, the forest fire situation in Europe. Joint Research Centre (JRC) - in close collaboration with the Member States - has Since then, there have been some dramatic forest developed the European Forest Fire Information fires, particularly in Southern Europe. They have System (EFFIS). caused serious damage to our natural environment and many casualties among forest EFFIS is a portal for accessing EU-wide fire fighters and civilians. information on forest fires and relating it to other thematic and environmental information, like the Compared with the year 2003, when more than NATURA 2000 database for example. 740 thousand hectares of land were burnt, 2004 was less dramatic. The area burned was less than EFFIS provides harmonized forest fire risk half of that in 2004, with correspondingly less forecast maps for Europe. These are often used as impact on the environment and in terms of the tools for assessing risks when there is a need for number of lives lost. international cooperation to fight forest fires. Other maps of burnt areas provide valuable However, this is no reason for complacency. We information that is used to analyse forest fire need to continue our efforts to combat this damage and evaluate environmental impact. persistent threat. In fact, although this report does not cover 2005, even by end of July significant EFFIS includes an EU Fire Database of forest fire damage had already been sustained. Preliminary information compiled by the EU Member States. figures for 2005 already show 19 people killed in It allows for statistical analysis that can be used some 70,000 forest fires, which have burned an in different sectors of European policy-making, estimated 140,000 ha. such as environment or regional development. Because of the large number of forest fires, the The outcome of research on forest fires currently European Commission in 2004 set up an expert being carried out by the JRC will be taken up by group to advise on how to prevent and fight fires EFFIS in the future. Research topics include in Europe. This working group suggested a forest fire atmospheric emissions, vegetation number of ways of improving decision-making regeneration, and post-fire risk analysis. and organisation to help tackle the problem. We would like to thank all the bodies and As our environment has always been exposed to authorities in the Member States who contributed certain fire risks, and always will be, we have to to this report, ensuring that it provides a identify the right preventive and remedial comprehensive overview of the impact of forest measures so as to limit the damage as far as fires in Europe. possible. The general principle is to restore nature and not to change the landscape. Stavros DIMAS Janez POTOČNIK Commissioner for the Environment Commissioner for Science and Research 4 5 Table of Contents 1. FOREST FIRE PREVENTION ACTIVITIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION .................................7 1.1. Council and European Parliament Regulation (EC) No 2152/2003 (Forest Focus)............7 1.2. Working Group of forest fire prevention experts ................................................................8 1.3. Conference on “Forest fires in Southern Europe – from prevention to restoration” ...........9 2. FIRES AND BURNT AREAS IN THE SOUTHERN MEMBER STATES....................................10 2.1. Southern Member States (1980 – 2004) ............................................................................10 2.2. Portugal..............................................................................................................................12 2.3. Spain ..................................................................................................................................15 2.4. France ................................................................................................................................17 2.5. Italy....................................................................................................................................19 2.6. Greece................................................................................................................................21 3. FIRES AND BURNT AREA IN THE NORTHERN MEMBER STATES .....................................23 3.1. Finland...............................................................................................................................23 3.2. Sweden...............................................................................................................................23 4. FIRE SITUATION IN THE NEW MEMBER STATES..................................................................24 4.1. Cyprus................................................................................................................................24 4.2. Czech Republic..................................................................................................................25 4.3. Latvia.................................................................................................................................26 4.4. Poland ................................................................................................................................27 4.5. Slovakia .............................................................................................................................30 4.6. Slovenia .............................................................................................................................30 5. FIRE SITUATION IN EU CANDIDATE COUNTRIES.................................................................30 5.1. Bulgaria .............................................................................................................................30 5.2. Romania.............................................................................................................................32 5.3. Turkey................................................................................................................................32 6. THE EUROPEAN FOREST FIRE INFORMATION SYSTEM (EFFIS)........................................33 6.1. The Risk Forecasting System: 2004 results.......................................................................33 6.2. The Damage Assessment System: 2004 results.................................................................38 6.2.1. Portugal ..................................................................................................................38 6.2.2. Spain.......................................................................................................................38 6.2.3. France .....................................................................................................................39 6.2.4. Italy.........................................................................................................................39 6.2.5. Greece.....................................................................................................................40 7. BACKGROUND DOCUMENTATION...........................................................................................41 8. ANNEX.............................................................................................................................................42 6 7 1. FOREST FIRE PREVENTION ACTIVITIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION 1.1. Council and European Parliament Regulation (EC) No 2152/2003 (Forest Focus) It was recognised long ago that fires are a serious threat to forests in the Community. This is an environmental, economic and social problem of particularly relevance in the Southern Member States where fires regularly ravage thousands of hectares of forests and other land areas. Although there are no provisions in the EU Treaty for a comprehensive common forest policy, since this is mainly a national responsibility, the Community has - since the 1980s - supported and contributed to the efforts
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