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Full Spring 2001 Issue the .SU Naval War College Review Volume 54 Article 1 Number 2 Spring 2001 Full Spring 2001 Issue The .SU . Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Naval War College, The .SU . (2001) "Full Spring 2001 Issue," Naval War College Review: Vol. 54 : No. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol54/iss2/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Naval War College: Full Spring 2001 Issue NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIE COLLEGE WAR NAVAL NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW W Spring 2001 Volume LIV, Number 2 Spring 2001 Spring S E T A T S D E T I N U E H T N A V A L W A R C O L L E RI B RI A G V I U O E S T M AR I V I C Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2001 1 Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Naval War College Review, Vol. 54 [2001], No. 2, Art. 1 Cover The first large-scale thermonuclear deto- nation—the 10.4-megaton IVY MIKE test of 1 November 1952, at the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Pacific Proving Grounds on Eniwetok Atoll in the Mar- shall Islands. The test was designed to confirm, at the megaton level, the effec- tiveness of the newly discovered “Teller-Ulam” radiation “trigger,” an advance that made fusion explosions practicable. The explosion was unexpect- edly powerful, five hundred times more so than the fission-technology FAT MAN of 1945. It left a crater 164 feet deep and 6,240 feet across where the islet upon which the device rested had been, and it wrecked the unmanned observation equipment on nearby islets. On islands miles away, where scientists had intended to examine birds and trees, etc., to mea- sure biological effects, all animal and veg- etable life was simply destroyed. Warships over thirty miles out to sea endured sear- ing heat. The mushroom cloud rose some forty thousand feet and spread out over a hundred miles. IVY MIKE was not a “bomb” but a test-bed; the Soviet Union made the same break- through the next year. Successive tests were devoted to developing serviceable thermonuclear weapons, or “hydrogen bombs,” ultimately producing the vast ar- senals that are the subject of one of this is- sue’s themes—reductions in nuclear weapons. On page 13 begins an exchange of views between Admiral Stansfield Turner, USN (Ret.), a former president of the Naval War College, and two members of the College’s research faculty. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol54/iss2/1 2 5/14/01 Monday, May 14, 2001 3:32:27 PM Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Naval War College: Full Spring 2001 Issue NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW Spring 2001 Volume LIV, Number 2 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS 686 Cushing Road Newport, RI 02841-1207 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2001 3 5/14/01 Monday, May 14, 2001 3:32:28 PM Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Naval War College Review, Vol. 54 [2001], No. 2, Art. 1 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW ADVISORY BOARD Professor Inis L. Claude, Jr. Dr. Norman Friedman Professor Colin Gray The Naval War College Review was established in 1948 as a forum for discus- Captain Wayne P. Hughes, Jr., U.S. Navy, Ret. sion of public policy matters of interest to the maritime services. The thoughts Professor Paul M. Kennedy and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are Professor James R. Kurth not necessarily those of the U.S. government, the U.S. Navy Department, or The Honorable Robert J. Murray the Naval War College. Professor George H. Quester The journal is published quarterly. Distribution is limited generally to com- Professor Eugene V. Rostow mands and activities of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard; regu- Vice Admiral James B. Stockdale, U.S. Navy, Ret. lar and reserve officers of U.S. services; foreign officers and civilians having a Lieutenant General Bernard E. Trainor, present or previous affiliation with the Naval War College; selected U.S. gov- U.S. Marine Corps, Ret. ernment officials and agencies; and selected U.S. and international libraries, Professor Russell F. Weigley research centers, publications, and educational institutions. The Honorable G. William Whitehurst Contributors PRESIDENT, NAVAL WAR COLLEGE Please request the standard contributors’ guidance from the managing editor Vice Admiral Arthur K. Cebrowski, U.S. Navy or access it on-line before submitting manuscripts. The Naval War College Re- PROVOST, NAVAL WAR COLLEGE view neither offers nor makes compensation for articles or book reviews, and it Rear Admiral Barbara E. McGann, U.S. Navy assumes no responsibility for the return of manuscripts, although every effort is DEAN OF NAVAL WARFARE STUDIES AND made to return those not accepted. In submitting work, the sender warrants EDITOR-IN-CHIEF that it is original, that it is the sender’s property, and that neither it nor a similar Professor Alberto R. Coll work by the sender has been accepted or is under consideration elsewhere. Professor Thomas B. Grassey, Editor Permissions Pelham G. Boyer, Managing Editor Reproduction and reprinting are subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and ap- Patricia A. Goodrich, Associate Editor plicable treaties of the United States. To obtain permission to reproduce ma- Phyllis P. Winkler, Assistant Editor terial bearing a copyright notice, or to reproduce any material for commercial Lori A. Almeida, Secretary and Circulation Manager purposes, contact the editor for each use. Material not bearing a copyright Frank Uhlig, Jr., Editor Emeritus notice may be freely reproduced for academic or other noncommercial use; however, it is requested that the author and Naval War College Review be EDITORIAL OFFICES credited and that the editor be informed. Naval War College Review Code 32, Naval War College The Naval War College Review is listed in Ulrich’s International Periodicals 686 Cushing Rd., Newport, RI 02841-1207 Directory, Military Media Database, Free Magazines for Libraries, and by Fax: 401.841.1071 Oxbridge Communications; it is microformed by UMI® (Bell & Howell Infor- DSN exchange, all lines: 948 mation and Learning); it is abstracted in International Political Science Abstracts, Website: http://www.nwc.navy.mil/press in the Lancaster Index to Defence & International Security Literature, and in the Editor, Circulation, or Business Joint Warfighting Center Futures Database. It is indexed in the Air University 401.841.2236 Index to Military Periodicals, in Historical Abstracts and America: History and [email protected] Life (both ABC-CLIO), the International Bibliography of Periodical Literature, Managing Editor the International Bibliography of Book Reviews, and selectively in the American 401.841.4552 Foreign Policy Index and INFO-SOUTH. A bound 1948–1991 index of Review [email protected] feature articles is available from the editorial office; it is updated annually in the Winter issue. An index is available on-line. Book reviews (beginning with Newport Papers, Books Spring 1994) are indexed in the Gale Research, Inc., Book Review Index and 401.841.6583 on-line for recent years. [email protected] The Naval War College Press is listed in the Gale Research, Inc., Directory of Essays and Book Reviews Publications and Broadcast Media. A catalog of Press offerings is available 401.841.6584 on-line. [email protected] Other Naval War College Offices 401.841.3089 Periodicals postage paid at Newport, R.I. POSTMASTERS, send address changes to: Naval War College Review, Code 32S, Naval War College, 686 Design by Chapman and Partners, Warren, R.I. Cushing Rd., Newport, R.I. 02841-1207. Composition and typesetting by JIL Information Systems, Newport, R.I. ISSN 0028-1484 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol54/iss2/1 4 5/14/01 Monday, May 14, 2001 3:32:28 PM Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Naval War College: Full Spring 2001 Issue CONTENTS President’s Forum. 5 Doctrines, organizations, and technologies that have evolved since World War II and before are being challenged. Clearly it is time to look at new ideas objectively and to make hard choices. But what are the rules by which these choices are to be made? Nuclear Weapons: An Exchange The Dilemma of Nuclear Weapons in the Twenty-first Century. 13 Admiral Stansfield Turner, U.S. Navy (Ret.) The United States does not need a reserve of nuclear weapons to take the offensive; something in the neighborhood of two hundred nuclear warheads will do for deterrence and retaliation. How did this nation ever get to a nuclear arsenal of 32,500 weapons? What Deters? Strength, Not Weakness . 24 Roger W. Barnett The risks of sharp reductions are of the greatest magnitude, and so are the possible consequences. “Existential deterrence,” the pivotal concept in Admiral Turner’s scheme, is a very risky and dan- gerous approach to nuclear deterrence—for if it fails, it fails catastrophically. Thinking about the Unthinkable Unreasonable Exuberance? . 36 Andrew L. Ross Defense planners will not rush to embrace Admiral Turner’s nuclear-escrow scheme. Yet the de- tails of the process Admiral Turner seeks to set in motion should not be allowed to obscure the grand purpose of the process and its significance. He is on the right track. War Gaming War Gaming in the Information Age Theory and Purpose .
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