INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 117 SUMMER 2 001

THE BULLETIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUsTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY f1.25 FREE TO MEMBERS OF AIA

Maltings o Hand of Time o Ball mill rescue o Pencil power o King's Cross Mexican cemetery o Websites . Gunpowder Group o Letters o Regional news Ups and Downs in the Malting Industry

The recording of processes at work before closure Bury 5t Edmunds were added. lt operated as their is a valuable aid to our understanding of the No 4 Maltings until they ceased production in surviving industrial archaeology, in this case the 'I 990. lt was then operated by Moray Firth and at INDUSTRIAL malting industry. Recent losses are reported in closure by Baird's Malt. The malthouse is a the industry through closures in Norfolk while, in substantial red brick building with a slate roof. lt ARCHAEOLOGY contrast, a floor malting in Devon has recognised has four original conical hopper bottomed steeps that its traditional nethods can be part of a serving two growing floors, and a modern NEWS LL7 tourist attraction. pressure kiln, although one Boby furnace was Summer 2001 retained, unused. There is a fine belt driven Boby Amber Patrick rotary malt screen and an equally fine Porteus malt mill. Unlike many floor maltings the floor to Chairman good was built as a Dr Michael Harrison In all industries, methods of production are ceiling height is because it 1 9 Sandles Close the Ridings, Droitwich Spa, WRg 8RB always subject to change, gradually or speedily, brewery, but there are now no other features to Vice-Chairman depending upon circumstances, but to indicate its original use. As far as I am aware the Prof Marilyn Palmer understand surviving industrial remains it is often maltings is not listed. lt is understood that its School of Archaeological Studies, The University, future use is as a dwelling. Leicester LE1 7RH helpful to see the process at work. The buildings are no exception. The East Dereham maltings was F. & G. Secretary of the floor malting industry lt David Alderton is therefore regrettable that in December 2000 Smith's (now Crisp Malting) No 8 Malthouse and, 48 Quay Street, Halesworth, Suffolk lPl9 8EY two floor maltings closed at Beeston and East unlike Beeston, was built as a malthouse. Tteasuret Dereham in Norfolk. Not only do we lose a little Originally it was one of a pair, but one was Michael Messenger bit of technical knowledge each time a malting destroyed by fire leaving just one malthouse of 1tl4 Lake Road East, Roath Park, Cardiff CF23 5NQ closes but we also lose details of machinery and 1 870 and the office of 1 894 fronting onto lA Review Editors Norwich Road. lt is a three storey brick building Peter Neaverson and Prof Marilyn Palmer perhaps the building's structure. Both maltings School of Archaeological Studies, The University, had belt driven screens, that at East Dereham with slate roofs to the office building and tile Leicester LE1 7RH being substantially older than at Beeston. How roofs to the malthouse, and the kiln roofs are of lA News Editor these screens operated is of importance when corrugated iron. There were three growing floors Dr Peter Stanier are and typical cast-iron columns support the upper 49 Ereach Lane, Shaftesbury Dorset SP7 8LF recording other maltings where remains incomplete, for example, Mistley, Free Rodwell No floors. Originally there were ditch steeps but Aff iliated Societies Officet installed in Prof Ray Riley 1, which is currently undergoing conversion. And, conical hopper bottomed ones were 8 Queen's Keep, Clarence Parade, Southsea, Hants to add the debate on Doorman Long of 1993. Air conditioning had been installed in the PO5 3NX Middlesbrough, it is interesting to note that the 1950s. The kilns had wedge wire floors and, as Sales Officer steelwork forming part of the roof structure at there were no mechanical turners, the turning Roger Ford was done by hand! The heat was produced by Barn Cottagq Bridge Street, Bridgnorth, Shropshire Beeston is by Dorman Long. WV,I5 6AF To appreciate what will be lost in one way or Sux? anthracite furnaces. Very fortunately, the Librarian and Archivist another it is necessary to know something of the building was recently listed, but that does not John Powell history of each site. The Beeston maltings were mean its future is secure. do IGMT, lronbridge, Telford, 5hropshire TF8 7AW originally the brewery of the Beeston Brewery Co Both buildings have been recorded Conference Secretary Ltd which was acquired by Shipstone's in 1922, photographically, with English Heritage Tony Parkes and 50 School Lanq Hill Ridware, Rudgely W51 5 3QN and converted by then to a floor maltings in photographing Beeston in November December 2000, just before closure. We, as Conference Booking Secretaries about 1 926. Two kiln furnaces, by Robert Boby of Tony & MaryYoward 4 Slipper Mill, Emsworth, Hampshire P010 8XD Recording Awards Officer Dr Victoria Beauchamp 3 Parsonage Court, Parsonage Crescent, Walkley, Sheffield 56 5BJ Honorary vi(e-Presidents ProfAngus Buchanan Sir Neil Cossons John Hume Stuart B. Smith Council Members Mike Bone Dr Robert Carr Dr Paul Collins (co-opted) John Crompton David Lyne Philip Monis Stuart Warburton Liaison Officer lsabel Wilson AIA 0ffice, School of Archaeological Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH I 01 1 6 252 5337, Fax: 01 1 5 252 5005 e-mail: [email protected] Website: wr,vw.industrial-archaeology.org. uk

COVER PICTURE Highlight of TICCIH 2000 in Scotland - a view looking south from the hoist on the Fife Cantilever which carried conference delegates to the top of the Fonh Bridge last Septenber. (See Regional News) Photo Miles Oolethorpe East Dereham maltings, Norfolk Photo: Anber Patrick

2 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 117 industrial archaeologists, will not, at least in the short term, be able to affect the economics which have resulted in the closure of these two malthouses, and no doubt others in the future. lt should be pointed out, however, that the reasons for closure were actually different. East Dereham's contract had been with Marston's Brewery (until at least I998, although I do not know the position at closure), and anyone who reads the financial pages will be aware of that particular brewery's problems, not to mention those of other companies. In contrast, Beeston had plenty of orders from small and in particular micro breweries, but the business did not own the building, and the owners presumably consider housing more profitable than malting. We can ensure that at least some record is made and that not all the information is lost to future generations, and that closure does not go un- noticed and without discussion. It should not be thought that the malting industry has no regard for its heritage, even amongst those firms closing their floor maltings, but one company has made a particular effort to One of the Suxd anthracite furnaces at East Dereham maltings Photo: Amber Patrick present itself to the public, and that is Tuckers architect, William Bradford, they were no doubt to be congratulated on keeping so much of their Maltings of Newton Abbot, Devon, who received one of the most modern of their time. As those of original machinery in use and for opening their the AIA President's Award in 1998 for their you who visited during the 1998 conference will maltings so that the public can see how malt was 'excellent standard of interpretation and knoW the barley screen, the solid cast-iron (and is) traditionally made. They are open from presentation of the floor malting industry.' (the steeping cisterns with hopper bottoms, the Good Friday to 31 October each year, but their award plaque is now in prominent display). In growing floors with a reasonable head height, the Speciality Beer Shop is open all the year! Also, a November I was pleased and privileged to attend kilns and finally a Nalder's malt screen for booklet has been produced for their centenary: their centenary celebrations: the maltings had cleaning the dried malt, are still in use as they Tucker's Maltings - History in the Making by ooened for business on 5 November 1900. were a hundred years ago, although the kilns Brian Gates. This complements the one on the Designed by the well-known malting and brewing have changed from anthracite to gas. Tuckers are malting process.

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INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 117 3 Time Trinder, has said 'his photographs reflect the a small workshop on the site where his great The Hand of paradoxes of social and economic change and in factory would stand. He invented a thread rolling so doing interpret the industrial past in a highly machine which made a great advance in the An exhibition of photographs of canals by Clifford original way.' manufacture of screws. When he died aged only Morris FRPS, an AIA member, has been touring The poetry adds another dimension to the 59 in 1910 he employed over 'l 20 people the country over the last couple of years. lt has work and underlines the poignant impressions of manufacturing and supplying screws, nuts and been shown in Gloucester, Ellesmere Port, the photographer. Semba Jallow-Rutherford has rivets to most industrial concerns in this country London, Newcastle under Lyme, Burton on Trent had his work published in several anthologies and also to many abroad. expanded. The factory and Wednesbury, and in February-March this year and was awarded the Editor's Choice by the grew to four times its original size, but the in the Towneley Hall Art Gallery in Burnley, in International Society of Poets in 1995. He has company was taken over in 1 987 and the factory conjunction with celebrations of the 20Oth published two volumes of his work, Chapters in finally closed in 1998. The building has been anniversary of the opening of the Leeds & Life in 1997 and Sweet and Bitter Twisted the converted into a series of small workshons, Liverpool Canal through Burnley. The tour finishes following year. at the NationalWaterways Museum in Gloucester Clifford Morris, a Fellow of the Royal Foxfield Colliery, North Staffordshire. lt Docks during the summer holidays. Photographic Society, was delighted to have the produced household and manufacturing coal, Whilst all this has been going on Clifford has exhibition shown in Bath but, sadly, the Octagon worked from the 1890s until 1965. In the 1940s not let the grass grow under his feet. He is a Galleries closed to the oublic at the end of average output was around 1 50,000 tons. A member of a group of disabled artists called January as the Society headquarters is moving to mineral railway connected the colliery to the Talking Pictures and he has been working with a Devizes. He personally raised over [2,000 which main line at Blythe Bridge. disabled poet, Semba Jallow-Rutherford. The he donated to the fund set up to install the lift for results of their combined efforts, 'The Hand of disabled persons in the Octagon. Time', was unveiled to the public with its first Clifford, who was awarded the 1981 Fenton showing in the historic Octagon Galleries, Bath, Medal for services to the RPS, says'The from 5-17 January 2001. The exhibition was photography is not strict recording but it is funded by the National Lottery and West intended to make a poignant and personal Midlands Arts. statement. I think that the subjects that we have The photographs and the poems portray five chosen, and the way that we present them, abandoned industrial sites which will have to be suggests something of the frailty of mankind adapted for alternative uses or left to deteriorate which Semba and I understand well through our until they are lost. The sites and the industries disabilities. The Hand of Time may be depicting that they represent are varied and Clifford and the effects of the end of the century upon certain Semba have sought to show how nature moves industries but perhaps it is also saying something quickly to reclaim that which man has no further about Semba and me. Like the situation at the need for and abandons. RPS, it is about the end of an era.' Visitors to the exhibition saw not only the photographs and poetry but also a history of The five sites featuring in the exhibition were: each site. All the photographs are in monochrome Ephraim Phillips Ltd factory, Bissell Street, printed to archival standards and mounted in acid Birmingham. This owes its origins to the free boards. Clifford has a Certificate of Higher outstanding engineering ability of Ephraim Education in Industrial Archaeology from Phillips who was already working on his own

Birmingham University and his tutor, Dr Barrie account from an attic in his teens. Bv 1 880 he had Looking down on the bicycle sheds, Foxfield Colliery. The sheds have not seen a bicycle in 35 years but there are signs of some hard winters. Photo: Clifford Morris

Springfield Brewery was opened in 1873 by William Butler and it was expanded over the years so that production reached 3500 banels a week in 1898. In '1960 the company was taken over by Mitchells & Butiers, who merged with Bass the following year. Another merger created Bass Chanington in 1967 and in I991 production was switched to the old M & B brewery at Cape Hill (Smethwick) and Springfield Brewery was closed. After closure the building was listed Grade ll.

Torr Vale Mill was the last working cotton mill in Derbyshire and is a Grade ll listed building. lt is set in the deep sandstone gorge of the River Goyt, power from which enabled the town of New Mills to boast eight spinning mills by 1819. Torr Vale Mill, completed in 1794, had a steam engine coupled to the waterwheel in the mid- nineteenth century. Electricity came to the mill in 1931 and water and steam Dower ceased in the 1940s and '50s.W.S. Lowe ran the mill from 1864

A study in windows at the Ephraim Phillips screw factory, Birmingham Photo Clifford Morris until 1948 when it passed to Higham Tonge Ltd,

4 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAE)L)GY NEWS 117 although they continued to trade as W.5. Lowe & Sons Ltd. Torr Vale Mill is set in a most impressive location and it conjures up a vision of the cotton industry in its heyday.

Wolverhampton Low Level Railway Station, begun in 1848, and designed as an interchange between the 7ft broad gauge and standard gauge railways. Extra long platforms enabled scissor crossings in mixed gauges to be included. To counter comoetition from the LNWR the three small railway companies using the station amalgamated with the GWR in 1859. After the grouping of companies in 1923 the rivalry in Wolverhampton was simply between the GWR sat Low Level and the LMS on the High Level. After nationalisation in 1948 both stations passed to British Railways. The last passenger train from Low Level ran on 27 July I 969 but the station remained as a parcels depot until finally abandoned in 1972.

Nature tapping on the window, Torr Vale cotton mill An abandoned coach stands by tracks which have not seen Photo: Clifford Morris a train for over a quarter of a century at Wolverhampton Low Level Railway Station Photo: Clifford Morris

THE OLD BREWERY

The sting of death has struck and the last breath taken Whilst its body is preserved for some time to come Where there once was life, there now lies an empty shell From its skin lichen grows Its belly pulled and turned inside out Bringing back new life For the sting of death has spoken To this now old building 0n an outside wall a mirror leans reflecting jagged scars, Which has served its time To faces long gone Providing bread enough to feed its children A radiator freeze, it has no heat for its veins are cut Large vats remain The staircase leads half way to no where Their veins are drained It hangs in limbo its footing lost Lacking juice to spin my head The chimney pot does not cough any more They were drained before they died Its lungs are clogged so it is stilled Leaving carcass as reminders of lives once lived Its last breath breathed some years ago 5em ba la I low-Rutherford

Fermenting vat, Springfield Brewery. From 'The Hand of Time'exhibition Photo: Clifford Morris

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 117 5 Potters' milling - an early ball mill rescued

The nills and the processes for grinding hard naterials for the Staffordshire Potteiles are discussed. An early twentieth century 'ball mill' from Lower Washford Mill at Buglawton in Cheshire, and thought to be the earliest in the country, was recently rescued for display at the Etruria lndustrial Museum in Stoke-on-Trent.

Chris Bradley

An interesting industry in the area around the Potteries in Staffordshire is the grinding of hard materials for use by the potters. These include bone, flint, Cornish stone (feldspar), whiting (limestone), magnesite, and 'grog', which is ground waste pottery. These materials are used in substantial quantities; for example, Bone China contains more ground bone than clay. Water power is scarce in the Potteries, so when grinding of these materials began in the eighteenth century it was largely done in water- powered mills in outlying areas. Later, larger steam-powered mills were built close to the potteries, and one of these has been preserved and opened to visitors at the Etruria Industrial Removing the grinding cylinder at Lower Washford Mill, Buglawton, Congleton on l5 lanuary 2001 Photo: 4arry )ob Museum. Most of the outlying mills then went out of use; one, still water-powered, is preserved at Hanley, then moved to Lower Washford in tube. The flint pebbles cannot pass through the and open to visitors at Cheddleton, near Leek. 1 966. oerforations and so remain in the drum for re-use. However this article is concerned with another These cylinders, typically six feet in diameter The pebbles and the lining gradually wear down, outlying mill: Lower Washford Mill, at Buglawton, and about the same in length, have a lining of but only slowly because they are much harder a suburb of Congleton in Cheshire about 15 miles 'silex' (silica) blocks. The cylinder is rather more than the material being ground. A small from the Potteries. than half-filled with large flint pebbles, which proportion of silica in the ground material is This mill was built in 1848 but was converted serve as the grinding agent. lt is loaded, through acceptable. to grinding pottery materials only in the 1920s, a small removable cover, with the material to be This process is the one used at Lower using machinery moved from mills in Hanley and ground (which, in some cases, has been roasted Washford, and also by Jesse Shirley and Sons who from a mill elsewhere in Buglawton. A in a kiln to soften it), and water, and revolved for are still operating successfully in premises wateruvheel and a gas engine powered the mill several hours. The ground material and water are adjoining their former mill which has become the until the 1940s when it was converted to electric then drawn o{f as 'slop' through a perforated core of the Etruria Industrial Museum. However, DOWer. In recent years the mill was run single- handed by the proprieto; Mr John Goodwin, who comes from a family that owned grinding mills in and around the Potteries. In January 2000 he decided to retire, and the mill closed down. The site will be sold and it seems likely that most of the machinery will be scrapped. Thus ends the long history of potter's milling in Buglawton, and one of the last of the outlying mills that fed the Staffordshire Potteries. However, this is not quite the end of the story. Mr Goodwin has generously donated some of the machinery to the Etruria Industrial Museum in Stoke-on-Trent, where it will be re-erected. The principal item is a very early grinding cylinder and the motor and gearing that drive it. The grinding process to be seen at the mills open to visitors, at Etruria and Cheddleton, is based on the open-pan process. However open- pan grinding is now obsolete, and the most common process uses grinding cylinders or 'ball mills'. These were introduced to the UK early in the twentieth century and the particular one donated to Etruria is thought to be the first that was used in this country. lt was made in Germany The Lower Washford Mill grinding cylinder is loaded and ready for transport to the Etruria lndustrial Museun about 1904 and first installed in Westwood Mill Photo Chris Bradley

6 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 117 there does not seem to be a site where the drum settling ark (tank), which separates the ground employ professionals (Meanwhile the volunteers grinding process can be seen by visitors. So the material from much of the water. lt is then run undertook another project, refurbishing an 1888 machinery brought from Lower Washford will be onto a drying bed. This is a very shallow open horizontal steam engine at Middleport Pottery). re-erected at the Etruria lndustrial Museum. tank with brick walls and a floor of quarry tiles, Accordingly, the task was taken on by Alan Although it will not be possible to show the below which are furnace flues so that the ground McEwen of Keighley and one of his staff, with the whole process, the intention is to install the material can be dried out ready for shovelling into assistance of Powerrun who provided a large grinding cylinder with its original motor so that it sacks. Unfortunately the construction of the flatbed truck, equipped with a 10-ton hydraulic can be rotated, and no doubt a charge of pebbles drying bed makes it impossible to move it to the crane, and a staff of three. inside will produce the authentic sound effects. Etruria museum, although a small-scale replica It took a whole day to dismantle the The grinding cylinder, with its lining, is may be built there. machinery and load it onto the truck, which estimated to weigh 6 to B tons. lt has a gear ring The Etruria Industrial Museum has a very remained at Lower Washford overnight and then of slightly larger diameter attached at one end, small staff and a devoted group of volunteers, was driven to Etruria where the eouioment was and a stub axle at each end. Each axle runs in a some of whom have worked at the museum for unloaded Re-erecting it will take some time, and bearing carried on an A-frame secured to the over 20 years, doing the majority of the may require some professional help as well as concrete floor. The gear ring is driven by a pinion engineering work. At first it was thought that they advice from Mr Goodwin. lt is hoped that erection mounted on a layshaft, which in turn is driven could move the equipment from Buglawton, will be completed during 2001, but probably not through V-belts by a 20 HP three-phase slip-ring especially since they were unable to work at the as soon as the Museum re-opens after the motor. Museum for some months while essential structural repairs to the main building are In a working mill the slop from the grinding building repairs were in progress, but in view of finished. 5o before making a journey, visitors are cvlinders is allowed to stand for some hours in a the need for heavy equipment it was decided to advised to rino 01 782-2331 44 for information.

PHOTO FEATURE

PENCIL POWER

This steam engine provided power for the works of A.W. Faber-Castell GmbH, pencil manufacturers of Stein, on the outskirts of Nurnberg, Germany. lt was a 'Sulzer' type engine, typical of continental practice, with drop valves and a positive cut-off (i.e. without trip gear) controlled by the layshaft governor. Built by Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg A.G. (M.A.N.) in 1926, with a 400mm x 640mm cylinder taking steam at 30 atmospheres, it drove a 520kw flywheel alternator at 187 rpm. lt was non-condensing, exhausting to process and heating. lt will be seen from the photographs that this was an immaculate installation, the engine being one of a number still in use in Germany in the 1980s. lt was superseded in mid-1987, shortly after these photographs were taken. Text and ohotos: Colin Bowden

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 1 17 7 AIA NEWS

Gift Aid I am also grateful to those D. Carnow Redruth Dr N. Meeke, The Waterworks members who signed direct debit R.K. Collard, llkley Museum. Hereford Can I express my thanks to all those forms for the payment of their subs Mrs S. Davies, Derby Mrs J. Reilly (Hon Sec), lsle of members who were able to in future. These are a great help in M. Eaton. Ihistleton Wight lA Society, Ventnor comolete Gift Ald forms in favour of saving work and costs and I shall G. Gremwade, Yungaburra the Association. I was really also be glad to send one of these on J.E. Hendry Sidcup delighted with the excellent re0uesI. R. Henkel, Pittsburgh Copy date for next issue response, and members should be Michael Messenger, Hon Treasurer G. Hutton, Glasgow Contributors are reouested to note delighted too that, so far; I have Jones, Barry C.P. that the copy date for the next /,4 been able to extract over f2.500 J. Lych, Rumsun Newshas been brought forward to from the lnland Revenue. New members J. McGarr. Alston 15 June. lhis will allow the August lf you have mislaid the form The AIA welcomes the followinq T.J. 0'Meara, Castlepollard issue to be mailed in July with then I shall be glad to send another new members: P.C. Radley, Waterlooville accompanying AGM papers etc, or you can print one off from our W.A. Bartlam, Elgin P.J. Smith, Milton Keynes year's web-site: P. Brown, Georgetown J. Theobald, Carshalton necessitated by this earlier- www.industrial-archaeology.org.uk M. Buckridge, Cardiff J.M. Turner St Annes-on-Sea than-usual Conference date LETTERS

Prints off slides - no Walbrzych (Waldenburg) to Klodzko the date of publication although I residential development cannot be and is one of several similar suspect the early 1930s. Unless the determined by Greenwich Council. complaints with Max railway bridges on the line. The railway was men in the photograph are very The two cranes became a local With regard to Robert Carr's piece built in 1883 as a single line, being short, their implement would be landmark, and may also have been on the potential dangers of taking doubled in 1909 when the inverted larger than that in the catalogue the last two such cranes remaining prints off slides, in lA News | | 5, I bow-spring section was added to ('with 72-inch Ash handle') - no on this part of the Thames, where have been doing this for years and give additional strength. The line is doubt for deeper gulliesl once there were hundreds. They in fact I never take prints but always about 40 miles west of Wroclaw. John L. Townsend, have been the subject of many copy what I want. I invariably use Mike Clarke The Frome, Priors Frome photographs, drawings and Max Spielmann's mail order service paintings years. 4l Fountain Street, Dormington, Hereford HRI 4EH over the Locally, it which is cheap, efficient and fairly accepted an Accrington BB5 OQR had been widely that if fast. They always return slides in the was intrigued by the mystery industrial use could not be found for original mounts and I have yet to I photograph and read with interest the wharf then it was important that have cause to complain about That big spoon the preserve as - the three different letters which some way was found to thumb prints or scratches. An mystery continues were published in lA News ll6.You much of the character of the excellent service in my opinion. possible of which the mystery will note that the ladle on the long riverside as - David Johnson Perhaps the answer to the cranes were an integral part. photo in lA News | | 5 nay be found pole is not at right angles to the I The Hollies, Stainforth, Settle 1999 Greenwich Industrial in a catalogue of contractors' tools handle, used in drainage work, but ln North Yorkshire BD24 9QD History Society applied for the and equipment available from T.C. is in line with the handle. Looking cranes to be listed but were told by Jones & Co Ltd of Shepherd's Bush. up this sort of ladle in the Sheffield the DOE that they could only be Bridges in Poland Unfortunately there is no clue as to lllustrated List for 1910, they are I have some more information on featured under 'gas making considered under English Heritage's the two photographed bridges equipment'. ls it possible that these Monuments Protection Programme, but it is understood that the part of featured in lA News | | 6, pages 5-6. two gentlemen were doing The 'Most Grunwaldzki' or the something nefarious in the by- the programme under which they Kaiser bridge in Wroclaw (Breslau) products section of a gas works? fell has not even been time-tabled was ooened on 10 October 1910 Stuart B. Snith yet. This is an issue which should be and was part of a development The Trevithick Trust taken up since many such competition instituted by the city Chyganh, 5 Beacon Terrace endangered features are still architect Richard Pl?ddermann. Camborne, Cornwall TRl5 3NP without protection of any sort. Around 100 plans were submitted. The site has been rented out by the owners, Morden College, on a As originally built, the towers were Lost cranes at slightly higher surmounted by short term basis to various film convex-sided pyramids, and there Greenwich companies and so on - which has was a shield in the centre of one Two cranes at Lovell's Wharf, meant that it has become less stone arch inscribed'Kaiser Brticke'. Greenwich, were demolished earlier secure than it ought to be - and of Towards the end of the Second this year with no notice to either course, we accept, that the safety of World War, the road to the north of Greenwich Council or to the local local children is important. The the bridge was converted into a community. Lovell's Wharf was a cranes were demolished on grounds runway by the Germans and the working wharf until the mid-1980s of lack of site security. Many local pyramids were removed to make but two recently renovated Scotch orotests have been sent to Morden take-off and landing easier. The denicks remained on site. The wharf College which owns much of the outlines of Silesian eagles which is a protected one but no other Greenwich riverside and we would decorated the face of the towers industrial use had been found for it. urge that they are made aware of were also removed in an effort to The status is now under review by any feelings people may have about suppress regional identity. the Government and, for this its future. F13.1405r. The inverted bow-girder bridge solld sockot reason, an outstanding planning lack Vaughan, Chair, is actuallv at Ludwikowice on the Culloy Bowls application for commercial/ G reenwich H istorical Sociev

8 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAE)L)GY NEW, 117 NEWS

King's Cross They are nearly all owned by P & 0. major thoroughfare which runs north the east of York Way is Balfe Street. redevelopments The general plan for this western from the vicinity of King's Cross for An inviting archway on the west fringe of lslington is to build office some distance. Both occur in the area side of the Street at number 1 7 York Way runs from south to north blocks and a large hJtel block, with shown by the attached sketch plan. leads into Albion Yard where blue, immediately to the east of King's some of the present small buildings The old name for York Way was for washing white clothes, was Cross main line railway station. being retained to present a pleasing York Road and a subterranean manufactured. Balfe Street is Along the middle of the Road runs prospect to pedestrians. New railway once ran from the single interesting and elegant, well worth the boundary between the London proposals to 'brighten up' and platform York Road station (in use the detour to explore. lt is just to the Boroughs of Camden and lslington. redevelop the locality will mean 1866-1977) southwards beneath south of Battlebridge Basin and the There are many Victorian and some some demolition taking place to York Way to join the Metropolitan London Canal Museum (see sketch buildings considerable later of make passages and courts, removing line (the World's first underground plan). The Museum is open in the industrial archaeological interest on some of the oresent Vicwardian railway) which runs roughly west to week even during the winter up to road. in the east side of the buildings. Some of the yards and east beneath Euston Road. This 4.30 pm and the admission charge lslington. inner block space is to be opened up connecting spur, south of Caledonia for adults is a modest f2.50. lt has a The two great railway stations to the general public and there are Street running beneath the useful bookstall at the entrance. immediately the west are both to to be shops and caf6s with the idea 'lslington properties', enabled Great Teleohone 020 7713 0836 for listed grade one and in the lengthy being to attract tourists who might Northern Railway commuter trains details. debate as just how Channel to be using the new rail facilities when to run to a City terminus at It has recently come to the Tunnel trains will be brought to the Eurostar finally anives. Moorgate. Behind buildings to the notice of GLIAS that number 348 area the houses and former works lf the large new hotel is built, east of York Way the trackbed of the York Way, built in 1 873, has a hipped and businesses to the east of York (critics think this will be ugly, connecting curve survives and it is roof structure of remarkable design Way have conservation terms in inappropriate, and out of scale), it even now possible to look down in timber, wrought and cast iron. been overshadowed. They have a will be necessary to clear some and see where the railway once ran This roof is of sufficient interest for Cinderella status compared with the space to give motor coaches - a wet path with rails now lifted. the question of listing to be be more soectacular monuments of this bringing guests room to turn. This 0n the north side of Pentonville raised. very rich industrial archaeological clearance will entail the demolition Road the connecting spur ran under By the time you read this work area. Most of the planning debate ofthe 1850s Pontifex Brass Foundry Bravington's, once famous as a may be well underway. The Pontifex has raged in the Borough of building but as it is unlisted this romantic place where young brass foundry site has been empty Camden to the west and for some presents no problem. At present a couples went to buy their and fenced off for some time and years the properties in lslington group of artists occupy the 1 906 engagement ring. The pre-railway the public house on the east side of have been under sentence of death. Laundry building in Caledonia Street building(s) on this site were York Way immediately to the south powers Planning were obtained and they had until Christmas 2000 demolished when the sour line was has been surrounded by scaffolding, such that if the railway builders to move out. constructed and the Bravington's displaying danger notices warning east of required, anything to the ln case the reader becomes jewellery shop building that it is a dangerous structure York Way could be demolished. confused it should be pointed out (Bravington's are no longer in liable to collaose. properties Right now the lslington that Caledonia Street is a short street business) now straddles the course Robert Carr but none are in a conservation area which runs east from York Way. The of the railway beneath. of the buildings are actually listed. better known Caledonian Road is a Running from north to south to Belgian flint mines heritage An encouraging move towards Regent's Canal recognising the importance of underground archaeology, albeit in Belgium rather than in Britain, is the recent announcement that the Neolithic flint mines at Spiennes reNDoh have been declared a World fi cANAr F Heritage 5ite. Spiennes is a hamlet some 5km QusruS \ to the south west of Mons (Bergen), Vvharfdale Road .o9 and is on a oar with Grimes Graves .t- ^Y-// in England, Ryckholt-St Geertruid in tq the Netherlands. and Krzemionki in * ,/;v Poland. A description, site map and J mine sections are given in Robert e- Shepherd's Prehistoric Mining and t- King's Cross p Allied Industries (Academic Press, Sation I 1980, 68-76). When I visited the site a few years ago, there were archaeological excavations in Euston Road Pentonville Road progress both on the surface and underground, but no arrangements s Cross for mass public access, the site ink being reached across fields from a farm track, and quite difficult to find. The area south of the London Canal Museum hot to scale) Map: London Canal Museum Paul Sowan

INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 117 9 NEWS

Cornish cemetery in established to care for the cemetery Great Britain. The trams were sold to the Group should adapt their name and ensure the people of Real del Torquay and Gravesend. Several of to indicate widening interests was Mexico Monte understand the imDortant the original tramway standards well received. Brenda has been Cornish miners first went ot Mexico part that Cornish people plated in were removed to other parts of the appointed Chair of the new Group, in 1824 and soon a large Cornish the development of Mexico's mining borough to serve as lighting with Wayne Cocroft as Newsletter community had established itself at heritage. The Mining Museum and standards, where they may still be Editor and Kenneth Major as an Real del Monte. Worked by Archive of Pachuca is assisting and 5een. Treasurer. English company until 1848 and is administering moneys raised in To mark the centenary, More information on the then Mexican and later United Cornwall. A brief history of the Somerset lA Society are arranging Gunpowder & Explosives History States companies, Cornish Cornish in Mexico is available, price an exhibition of old photographs Grouo can be obtained from Dr managers and engineers continued f 5, with all proceeds to the and diagrams, at Taunton Central Brenda Buchanan, l3 Hensley Road, to be employed. The remittances cemetery fund. More details can be Library from 20 August to 1 Bath BA2 2DR, e-mail: were went home to Cornwall obtained from Richard Williams, September. Also on 21 August they [email protected] considerable and often the only Poldark Mine, Wendron, Helston will be involved in a guided tour of income for many Cornish families TRl3 oER.8 01326 573173. the route by Vintage Bus. This will No more leaks at the during times of depression. visit the recently refurbished The Pachuca - Real del Monte Museum of the West Somerset forge Taunton electric District retains much from its period Railway Association at Bishops Leaking roofs and overflowing of association with Cornwall. ln the tramway centenery Lydeard, where there will be a gutters will be a thing of the past at Monte pitched town of Real del At the end of the nineteenth century special display of model trams and Wortley Top Forge near Barnsley give an roofs of corrugated iron Taunton had ambitions to build an tramway items. thanks to repairs funded by grants 'English' appearance, and almost inter-urban (or perhaps 'inter- Roger Eckersley of 113000 from Waste Recycling four engine houses survive. Cornish village'!) electric tramway system Environmental Ltd (WREN), through At Pachuca, the facade of the and to this end incorporated the the Landfill Tax credits of Waste English Company Office stands, Gunpowder group re- still longest tramway title in the country Recycling Group plc, and t2000 and the town clock chimes to the - The Taunton & West Somerset formed from a local trust. The forge is tune London's Big Ben, the of Electric Railways & Tramways At their autumn meeting at the Britain's only surviving water- mechanism made England; the in Company Ltd. In the event the town lnstitute of Historical Research in powered heavy iron forge and dates Methodist Church was built by finished uo with the shortest route London on 21 October 2000, the from the seventeenth century. lt is Cornish miners. The residence of in the country under 2 miles, and Gunpowder Mills Study Group was run entirely by volunteers and is Francis Rule Camborne. last of the the title was quietly amended to the re-formed as the Gunpowder & open to the public every Sunday Cornish manager of Real del Monte, Taunton Electric Traction Co Ltd: it Explosives History Group. Although except in December and January. was gifted the State Hidalgo to of was associated with the British the title has been amended, the logo Dr Jim McQuiad, chairman of his retirement and bears his on still Electric Traction Grouo. has been retained, thus showing South Yorkshire Trades Historical initials on its stained glass window. The 3ft 6in gauge single line both change and continuig. Trust Ltd which manages the forge The social heritage this of with passing loops opened on 2l The Group first met in 1985 says that the rainy autumn Mexican district also reflects the August 1901 from East Reach, with Alan and Glenys Crocker and underlined the need for repairs.'0n oeriod of Cornish influence. 'Pastes' through the town centre, to the Phil Philo as its convenors. When wet days parts of the forge were are local delicacy, Pachuca and a GWR station. Originally there were Phil's museum duties took him to leaking like a sieve. Our guides had Real del Monte daily producing as six double-decker open-topped cars the north-east. the Crockers to steer visitors round the leaks. lf many as Cornwall but mostly with with seating for 50, supplied by the continued to organise the Group, the repairs had been left any longer; decidedly Mexican fillings. The Brush Company. By 1905 the assuming the roles of chairman, the building could have been Mexican national game football of trackway had deteriorated so badly secretary treasurer and editor of seriously damaged.' The repairs are was first played by miners Cornish that it had to be rebuilt and the and chief contributor to the the first step in plans to bring more at Pachuca in 1900. a fact that is opportunity was taken to extend the newsletter. lt was, as one member visitors top the forge site. The grant celebrated each year. route was extended a short distance has written, a 'very persona I from WREN was made through the The Cornish married into beyond the station. At the same involvement' and an intense government's Landfill Tax Credit Mexican families so Cornish that time the cars, which could not pass commitment to the Group. However, Scheme which gives waste surnames are not uncommon today. under the station bridge and had by 2000, pressure of work was such management companies the The Cornish Cemetery contains the proved too large for the available that the Group must be handed over opportunity to invest up to 20% of graves of many Cornish men and traffic, were sold to Leamington & to others or wound up entirely. lt their Landfill Tax bill into women who never returned to their Warwick Railways. Six new single- was felt that the group should be community, environmental, research native land; there is a total of about decker cars were purchased from kept going because it provides the and education projects. graves, Cornish. 680 the majority Brush. only forum readily available for the The cemetery use by is still in Electricity at 550 volts d.c. was discussion of gunpowder history descendants miners. An Rare textile books of the supplied from the municipal power and the exoloration of relevant sites. example is Ing. Umberto Skews, a station and in 1921 the Corporation, Brenda Buchanan's proposal that saved great retired mining engineer whose which had already declined to An unusual set of volumes great grandfather from came purchase the undertaking, proposed containing rare samples of cloth Camborne. He has undertaken the to double the cost. The Company woven in Oldham over 100 years role of guardian of the cemetery but claimed they could not afford this, ago will be preserved as a result of as result neglect over former a of but the Corporation went ahead and a special initiative. Their restoration years and damage from storms, the the result was the abrupt closure of has been secured by awards from cemetery requires considerable the line on 28 May. With a life of the national Manuscriots Conserva- work to preserve this important part under 20 years, the Taunton system tion Trust, Oldham Council and a of Cornwall's overseas heritage. An became not only the shortest in GUNPOWDER & EXPLOSIVES donation by descendants of the association friends beinq of is length but also the shortest-lived in HISTORY GROUP Mellodew familv.

1O INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 117 NEWS

The six pattern books were Coxe and a drawing by Sir Richard created by the spinning and Colt Hoare show the viaduct had a weaving firm established by Thomas roofed top for a horse-drawn DOROTHEA Mellodew at Moorside, Oldham, in tramway, with miners' houses built the 1 840s. Many of the cloth between the piers. By I812 the samples are in pristine condition viaduct had been buried under RESTORATIONS and give a good impression of the mining waste and it was lost to variety and quality of work canied sight until the recent excavation. LTI) out at Moorside Mills. There are also The Time Team excavators also patterns shoving how to weave discovered the remains of Limekiln Incorporating Ernest Hole (Engineers) of Sussex different types of cloth. Terrace, dated by pottery to the Thomas Mellodew was highly 1820s. Finally, they cast iron at the CONTRACTORSAND CONSULTANTS IN THE innovative and invented methods ironworks for the first time in over a C O N SERUAT I O N O F H I STOR I C M ETALW O RK, for weaving and dying velvet which century. Blaenavon lronworks is run included an imitation silk velvet by Cadw and is open from Easter to MACHINERY AN D WINDIWATER MILLS made from cotton. He amassed a 0ctober. fortune through these ground Recent contracts include designs for an atmospheric breaking ideas which enabled him railway, and a replica steam locomotive, restoration of to build most of Moorside villaqe. Anderton survey l8C lead sculptures, repair and gilding of the Albert An archaeological survey at the Memorial bronze decoration, conservation work on Lift in Cheshire is seeking 'lA on an industrial Anderton Turbinia, Lion, Sans Pareil and Locomotion, and even discover how goods were to the restoration of an hydraulic catafalque! scale' exchanged between the River 'This is industrial archaeology on an Weaver and Trent & Mersey Canal industrial scale' is how one before the opening of the lift in Over 100 man years experience archaeologist described the work of 1875. A railed way, chutes and the Channel 4 Time Team as they inclined olanes are known to have excavated their largest hole ever (1 1 existed. We all know of the famous Northern Works: Ncw Road, Whaley Bridgc, via Stockport, metres deep!) at Blaenavon, South lift, but seldom think of what Chcshirc SK23 7JG. Contact: Dave Hodgson Wales. The work was undertaken in happened before. Tcl: (0 1663) 733-54,1 Fax: (01663) 734521 March 2000, although it was only screened in February this year. Their Southern Works: Riverside Business Park, St Anncs Road, challenge, set by Peter Wakelin of Website news St. Anncs Park, Bristol, BS,l 4ED. Contact: Geoll'Wallis Cadw. was to discover if the world's Among an increasing number of Tcl: (0 | t'7) 91 t5331 Fax: (0 | 11) 911 1611 first railway viaduct still lay buried websites with an lA interest, four beneath a huge waste tip. Much have recently come to attention, all overburden of unstratified material with photographs alongside a short textile buildings, coal and clay Narrow and Rochdale Canals. was removed until at the last text. Martin Roe has established mining, brickworks, pipeworks and The Peak District Mining moment, at the full reach of the two in Yorkshire. His www.mroe. quarries, Still in the area, Museum at Matlock Bath now has a digging machines, the top of the freeserve.co.uk introduces lead penninewaterways.co.uk is useful website which gives long lost eighteenth-century mining in the Yorkshire Dales, with dedicated to the canals radiating information on the museum and the structure was located. sections on extraction, processing from Ashton under Lyne and others Temple Mine site, a small archive of The viaduct dates from the smelting and water features, while in the south Pennines. lt includes. for mining photographs and a selection Blaenavon lronworks of 1788. A www. m roe.f reeserve.co. uk/ example, progress reports on the of titles from the bookshop. Try it on description by Archdeacon William halifax.htm includes information on restoration of the Huddersfield wwwoeakmines.co.uk. ln North Wales, the slate industry is covered in penmorfa.com/Slate/ which has excellent photographs by Dave Sallery of tramways, blondins, and other remains and relics. In London. GLIAS now has a website. which is http://webs ite.lin eone. net/ - robert. mason/glias.html

High ship restoration Two iron ships built in Britain by James Watt's Foundry in Birmingham in 1862 were sent in nearly 3000 parts to Peru and canied by train and mules to Lake Titicaca high up in the Andes. Here

t L.,/t,, the Yavari and Yaoura were as ( ()\'lt.: ilr,'u) lslltlJll.r)(i l.' \"1' lJ I.r\N l'1 ,\\'()N - assembled and launched gunboats in 1870-1, but as their The Blaenavon trench, almost at full depth where the viaduct was discovered guns were never delivered they lake and The Blaenavon viaduct as seen by Richard Colt Hoare in 1 798 Photo: Peter Wakelin became cargo ships on the

INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 117 11 NEWS ooerated as such until the 1 950s. In late seventh or early eight-century National Waterways Museum, A new steam museum 1984, the Yavari was discovered by Wellington, Gloucester, December to watermill near from Markham Grange Steam Museum is great-great- Herefordshire. This rare could February and finally at the London Meriel Larken, find a new, privately owned museum granddaughter of Alfred Yarrow the have been part of a Mercian royal anal Museum, probablyApril to June dedicated to preserving and shiobuilder. She has set about estate at Sutton St Nicholas. 2002. A booklet of some of the exhibiting stationary steam engines. photographs the restoring the boat and its 1914 is on sale with There are usually 1'l engines in diesel engine to carry tourists. exhibition. Ship canal cruises steam every Wednesday and at Meanwhile the Yavari has served as Bank Holiday weekends. Included 0nce again Mersey Ferries are a floating museum. Voies Navigables engines Washpit Mill, running summer cruises on the are from Holmfirth, Wilderspool Brewery, Manchester Ship Canal, departing d'Europe Lancashire, Friden firebrick works, Hawkstone oil mill from Liverpool on Saturdays and VN E is a relatively recent Cromford, and many others. Free Plans are afoot to restore the wind- Salford Quays on Sundays, with organisation and is a consortium in admission every day, at Markham powered oil mill at Hawkston, some special mid-week dates. This the waterways a uthorities Grange Nurseries & Garden Centre, Lancashire. which dates from the 35-mile trip is an excellent way to throughout Europe concerned with Longlands Lane, Brodsworth, early nineteenth century, lt is view the industrial archaeology promoting tourism and heritage Doncaster. 01302 330430. thought to be the only surviving along the way. Further details can issues. The administration for VNE is I windmill in Britain for crushing and be obtained from Mersey Ferries, provided by British Waterways. This producing linseed and oil seed oils. 8 0151 3301444. collaboration has already resulted in Maudslay seminar trans-national funding from 'Maudslay, Sons & Field and the first programmes for the Huddersfield Foot and mouth Steam coming to Kew engine' is the title of a seminar Canal, Canal, the Union Steam have organised by the Kew Bridge There can be few of us who Kempton Park Canal Monmouthshire and Brecon Museum, to be held on Thursday 26 not been affected in some way by A new boiler house for the steam and the Anderton Lift, in conjunction this year's terrible foot and mouth July 2001. Papers will embrace a plant for the No.6 engine has been with waterways in Holland, Belgium the outbreak. This includes opening number of themes including the and France. constructed at the Kempton Park Maudslay family, impact the and access to a number of industrial the of Pumping Station. lt is hoped that company on British manufacturing, archaeological sites, but this is small steam will be supplied soon, as Maudslay's Greenwich shipyard and fry compared to the distress suffered Madrid's Napier engine another step in the Kempton Great a historical study of the Kew Bridge by the farmers directly involved, and Engines Trust's programme to Readers may recall a short notice in our thoughts remain with lA News /06(Autumn 1998) which museum's 1839 Maudslay beam must restore one of the trruo historic triole engine last surviving Cornish them until this crisis is truly over. mentioned a Napier beam engine on - the expansion engines and a turbine for display at Madrid University. A engine built by the company. This Thames Water. When ready, the engine operated under member of the Naoier Power will be Pub history engine and turbine will be operated Heritage Trust has supplied the steam for seminar delegates. A new society to study the history of on selected weekends, accompanying photograph of the The fee is f45 and further public soon the house may be engine with has cast in the base'D. details and booking forms are formed and anyone with an interest available from Kew Bridge Steam Boating exhibition NAPIER & SON. LONDON. 1859.' ON is invited to contact the Pub History Museum, Green Dragon Lane, The exhibition of photographs his visit he was unable to obtain any Society, Grovewood, Sandcombe l3 'Boating Life and Work: Poland's further information on the engine or Brentford TW8 0EN, I 020 8568 Road, KeW Richmond, Suney TW9 Waterways in the 1950s' is at the find anyone showing an interest in 4757. 3NF, or visit the website: www.uk- Boat Museum from 13 April to 3 it. Further, the streams of university history.co.uldphs.htm. June 2001 . lt will be at the extended students passing by never SEE the Waterways Museum at Goole in engine as it is there every day, such Lottery grant for September and October, then at the as anv decoration on the walls! Foxfield railway The Foxfield Light Railway Society (Britain's premier industrial heritage railway) has been awarded a [446,500 Lottery grant to restore part of the mineral railway and Foxfield Colliery pithead at Dilhorne in North Staffordshire. The Foxfield Railway Gala at Blythe Bridge on 21- 22 July will have at least eight steam locomotives working, with freight and passenger trains on this oreserved 3? mile mineral line between Blythe Bridge and Dilhorne. There will be an exhibition at the Dilhorne end and guided tours around the Foxfield Colliery site. fhe derelict Foxfield Colliery, soon to become part of the Foxfield Light Railway's Early mill uncovered layout. The photograph shows headgear at Archaeologists have revealed the the two shafts with a screen building in the background timber remains of the wheel oit of a Unseen by passing students - David Napier's beam engine on display at Madrid Univesity Photo'Chris Thonas Photo: Napier Power Heritage Trust

12 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 117 REGIONAL NEWS

Scotland provided with emergency funding to provide It has been another eventful year time for a Working Group (made north of the Border. Work on the up of senior representatives Millennium Link continues, with from the major heritage organisations in Scotland) major stretches of the Forth & Clyde to devise and the Union Canals being totally a viable way forward. There was reconstructed, an example being therefore huge relief when in December Dr reinstatement work at Wester Hailes 2000, the minister, near Edinburgh. Work is also Sam Galbraith. announced a three- gfuw619r,'**rr,",/ package progressing on the 'Falkirk Wheel' year funding for the museum. The programme also site, and in the Spring a flotilla of Engineering Restoration and Heritage Consultants boats will make the journey from included the Scottish Fisheries Museum (Anstruther, Fife) and the the beginning of the Forth & Clyde Restoration and conservation of rolling stock, wind & Scottish Maritime Museum (lrvine, Canal at Grangemouth to its end in watermills, engines, cast iron work, bandstands, Ayrshire). However, in the case of Bowling. Meanwhile, the Phoenix lighthouses. Restoration and contemporary Trust has, with the assistance of the latter. it excludes the SY Canick (formerly hydropower. Engineering displays. Museum collection Historic Scotland, completed its The City of Adelaide), the fate of which remains very much in moves. Feasibility studies. Recording and conversion to f lats of two mill the balance whilst remains at its Conservation Plans. All work undertaken in-house by blocks at Stanley Mills in Perthshire. it present location privately- The Trust is now moving on to tackle on a our experienced 2o-strong team UK and worldwide. owned slipway in lrvine. Currently, the conversion of the Domestic projects the lack of funds and resulting Recent include: 20 T timber lock gates for Finishing Mill in Paisley, once part of a threat of demolition remains a very British Waterways; restoration and rebuild of 1786 the Clark's huge Anchor Mills cotton real possibility, despite the outrage Boulton & Watt engine for National Museums of thread manufacturing complex. expressed in South Australia, where Scotland; interactive room diorama The biggest crisis to occur engine for Scottish during the year has undoubtedly it is said that a substantial Maritime Museum; restoration of electric loco E4 for proportion population is been that centred on the Scottish of the Tyne & Wear Museums. Mining Museum, which found itself related to emigrants who travelled on this vessel. Sadly, the obvious Preserving our Industrial Heritage in a position of impending bankruptcy following shortfalls in its solution of swapping the Carrick for future generations (built revenue funding. Whilst the in Sunderland, England in 1864) the Cutty Sark (built in 22-24 Carmyle Avenue, Foxley, Glasgow G32 8HJ Museum and its local authority, for Dumbarton, Scotland in 1869, but Midlothian Council, argued that its Tel: (0141) 763 0007 Fax: (0141) 763 0583 currently in Greenwich) has not yet undoubted national importance E mail: [email protected] merited national funding from the been taken seriously. assistance for Scottish Executive. the Executive Although the these three museums most Mining Museum at Wanlockhead, one bakeries the argued that it only had is of the last in responsibilities for the'National welcome, it has still left Scotland's and Doon Valley's industrial country to bake using traditional other independent and regional museum Dunaskin. There was, coal-fired ovens. Museums of Scotland'. There was at the earliest of the therefore a very real threat of museums in great difficulty. As was however. better news at Summerlee three being of early nineteenth stressed in this column last year, the closure, in spite of over ri4 million in Coatbridge, where North century origin. The fate of the site collapse local authority finance yet worth of caoital investment from of Lanarkshire Council decided not to has to be determined. has caused severe problems, and close museum year, Scotland's National Lottery and other sources the for the winter Throughout the these have worsened last all. heritage bodies have in recent years. in the after been occupied months. The threat of crosure The progressing Fortunately, a rescue package twelve town of Alloa continues to a number of still hangs over the Scottish Lead programmes and projects. RCAHMS was brokered. and the museum was be a major centre of attention. RCAHMS completed a detailed has continued recording work, and graphic survey of McLay's Thistle the National Museums of Scotland Brewery following the cessation of have continued to build on the brewing. lt is considered to be one success of the Museum of Scotland. of the finest surviving examples of a Historic 5cotland's activities have traditional brewery in Scotland, and included the scheduling of a variety given the national importance of the of industrial sites, including mining industry it is hoped that it can be remains in central Scotland. and in saved, possibly by conversion to particular the areas adjacent to some sort of brewing heritage Wilsontown lronworks. Much work centre. Meanwhile, Tescos have has also gone into the preparation acouired from Paton & Baldwins the of the World Heritage List huge Kilncraigs Mills site nearby, application and Management Plan and in a deal brokered with the local for New Lanark by Historic Scotland. authorig, will demolish most of the The Scottish Industrial Heritage complex to make way for a Society has, in the meantime, supermarket, but will retain the fine remained active, and looks forward office block and adjacent wareroom. to welcoming members of the AIA Not far away (in Mar Street), the to Scotland in September 2002. TICCIH 2000 Scotland - Dr Piotr Gerber from the University of Wroclaw, Poland, on top of closure of Hope's Bakery has also One of the highlights of the year the Fife cantilever of the Forth Bridge, Sunday 3 September 2000 Photo: Miles 0olethorpe attracted interest because it was was inevitablv the TICCIH 2000 tour

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 117 13 REGIONAL NEWS of Scotland. We were very pleased West of England to welcome 51 delegates lrom 24 During 1999 the firm of Meniott different countries. The tour included Mouldings Ltd of Tail Mill near a visit to the top of the Forth Bridge, Crewkerne in Somerset went into and the subseouent launch of the Sir liquidation. The Somerset lA Society William Anol Collection catalogues were unaware of the importance of by RCAHMS. Anyone who has the unlisted site as a former passed by the Forth Bridge more integrated flax mill producing recently will have been alarmed to sailcloth, tow and webbing from painting and have seen that c1 825 until 1929 when the goodwill maintenance work appears to have and trade marks of the company, ceased, and all the scaffolding has Richard Hayward & Sons, were sold hooed this been removed. lt is that to Baxter Brothers Ltd of Dundee. relates only to a contractual The Hayward 'empire' once oroblem with the maintenance consisted of several sites in South company, and does not reflect wider Somerset and Dorset and the quality Railtrack difficulties being faced by of its sailcloth, known by the generic since the Hatfield disaster. name of Coker Canvas, was such Shillingstone limeworks, Dorset, with the aerial ropeway seen in May 1988. Now closed Finally, the year was marred by that it was favoured by both Photo: Peter Stanier the sad loss of Scotland's First challengers defenders and Mill complex was listed Grade ll in the future of the station, originally Minister, Donald Dewar. His pafticipating in the America Cup March 2000. opened on 20 July 1 885. successot Henry Mcleish, yacht races. and kilns by SIAS is taking a continuing Meanwhile, the limeworks commenced his reign initial assessment by SIAS An interest in the site through further have closed at Shillingstone chalk implementing a reshuffle in which authority was for the local historical research to include details pit near Blandford (5T 823098). we lost a much-resoected minister forwarded to English Heritage who (to about Merriott Mouldings, the Reduced to a single kiln in the end, Rural Development), and then carried out a photographic and 'Bonfire company having been established at two pairs of traditional limekilns announced a of the measured survey at Tail Mill. With tail Mill in 1938 but which can trace had been burning since the 1930s Quangos'. This has, unfortunately, the assistance of archival material its origins back to the 1860s in when a large hydration plant was thrust much of the oublic sector in supplied by the Society was it London. ln relation to this later erected by the 5hillingstone Lime & 5cotland into a oaranoid state of possible to identify a textile mill phase the Society gratefully Stone Co. Ltd. The site has remnants self-justification, and there may well with internal engine and boiler the way built acknowledges assistance from of an aerial ropeway system which be major changes to houses. warehouse with an a lronbridge tutor Brian Tildesley and brought chalk down to the kilns. heritage is catered for in the future. attached dwelling, a north light Tim Smith of GL|AS. An unusual ECC Ball Clays (now part of Whilst not wanting to be overly weaving shed, single-storeyed pessimistic, was not encouraging survival within the curtilage of the lmerys) have ceased their it ancillary buildings and a second, had mill is an hydraulic accumulator of underground operations beneath to hear that the new era external engine house. early 'l 940s vintage, a rare find on the heaths near Wareham. The resulted in the Deoartment of The report by Mike Williams of an inland, as opposed to a curious structures at the head of the Culture and Sport being re-named English Heritage in November 1999 docklands, location. inclined mine shafts, with their the Department of Environment, placed special emphasis of the News from Dorset includes the incline, winch house and clay bins, Sport and Culture. Watch this comoleteness and character the of hidden space... or maybe, try to spot the ball ref urbishment of Bournemouth will be dismantled. Mostly site and its structures which had station which was officially away in wooded areas, few instead. fortunately been left relatively completed on 4 August 2000. This is members of the oublic were aware Miles Oglethorpe undisturbed twentieth by the welcome news because there had that these mines for high quality century mouldings business. The tail been a period of uncertainty over ball clay existed. The Norden Mine

AIA 2OOI CAMBRIDGE CONFERENCE WHERE? FitzwilliamCollege,Cambridge WHEN? Pre-conference seminar Friday l7 August Main Conference Friday l7 August to Sunday 19 August Post-conference programme Sunday l9 August to Friday 24 August

Lectures and visits will cover a variety of themes, but in particular the drainage of the Fens and the forms of power used. Also planned are the industries of the larger towns of Cambridge and Peterborough, rural industries such as the use of wind power and local extractive industries and their products, such as bricks, lime and cement making. Industries distinctive to the area include coprolite mining, horse racing stables at Newmarket, airships and aircraft restoration.

Details are available from: The AIA Liaison Officer, School of Archaeological Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester LEI 7RH 8 0116 252 5331, Fax: 0l 16 252 5005, e-mail: [email protected]

14 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 117 REGIONAL NEWS near Corfe Castle is probably the most visible, where a new drift was only recently completed. Underground, the mine worklngs remained labour-intensive, extracting at the clay face by hand with pneumatic spades and pushing ancient-looking trams to the foot of the incline. A good depth of clay was left as a watertight ceiling and much timber was used for pit props. Continuing economic growth and a rise in property prices have affected some orominent sites in the large cities at the centre of the West of England region. Bristol's large 'Harbourside' develooment - known to lA enthusiasts for its transoort features and early gasworks - has already been partly developed for leisure use. The former GWR goods shed and City Leadworks have been incorporated in new cinema and exhibition areas. Revised olans for the remainder of the site have just grewery Demolition in progress at Eristol Photo. M. Eone been announced and involve the substantial remains of the old lucam over the harbour. Brewing went back to the eighteenth century. industrial archaeologists in the early Canon's Marsh Gasworks, a former ceased in 1 999 and one-third of the Another malthouse - the last in the days of the subject are attracting oil-gas works of the early site is currently changing to office industrial suburb of Twerton - is also fresh activity. Brief ly, work on nineteenth century. and residential use. Plans for the undergoing conversion to offices. rebuilding Midford Aqueduct on the Elsewhere, Bristol's brewing and other two-thirds are awaited. lt is a Whilst the passing or development old Somersetshire Coal Canal is to be malting heritage continues to great pity that this important of these sites is cause for regret, it is restarted after recent floods, and a disappear. The remains of William regional brewery with evidence of good to report that archaeological number of local groups are showing Brad{ord's substantial maltings for continuous development from recording and a fair degree of fresh interest in the Lower Works at the former Bristol United Breweries eighteenth-century porter brewery adaptive reuse has been present. Mells This edge-tool works was on Gasferry Road is due for to 1980's hightech real ale plant Also. some of this material is to developed by the Fussell family and demolition. The distinctive roofs and could not be kept intact during appear in BIAS Journal. featured in the late Robin Atthill's kiln vents were lost in a fire in the redevelopment. lt is in a Finally, some of the sites that classic book 1ld Mendip(1964). 1930s but its passing is to be conservation area but a late appeal were the focus of interest to Brian Murless and Mike Bone regretted. Further along the Floating for listing was refused. The only Harbour; the varied and distinctive listed building in the complex is the THE BOOK HOUSE facade of the former George's former tramways general station, Thc lcading industrial archacology booksellers sincc 1963 Bristol Brewery has now been latterly Courage's accounting office. - books on all aspecls ol'technology & trarrsporl breached by demolition of the It is hoped that this will survive phase of the development 1 930s bottling store and ll Lrsrs rssueo - FI

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 117 15 DIARY

2-3 JUNE 2001 29 JUNE - 1 JULY 2OO1 21-28 JULY 2001 13 oCTOBER 2001 ARCHAEOLOGY IN SURREY IEE HISTORY OF INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY WILTSHIRE INDUSTRIAL 2001 TECHNOLOGY SUMMER IN NORTH EAST ENGLAND ARCHAEOLOGY at the University of Surrey, MEETING at Durham, with lectures and field SYMPOSIUM Guildford, to offer new perspectives at the University of Greenwich, visits on topics including coal and at the Wharf Theatre, Devizes, on for the future in all asoects of Chatham. Papers have been called lead mining, railways, chemicals, topics including textile workers' archaeology from prehistory to the for. Please contact the Events iron and shipbuilding. Details from housing, hydraulic rams and bell industrial period. Information from Department, lEE, Savoy Place, Jane Roscoe, Centre for Lifelong foundries. For details. contact the Suney Archaeological Society, Castle London WC2R 0BL, I +44 (0)20 Learning, University of Durham, 32 Bookings Secretary, Wiltshire Arch, Guildford, GU'l 35X. 7344 5732, Fax: +44 (0)207 497 Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HN. 8 Heritage Museum, 41 Long Street, 3633, e-mail: [email protected] 01913 143735. Devizes, Wiltshire SN10 1 N5. 9 JUNE 2OO1 EERIAC 21-22 JULY 2001 4-11 AUGUST 2001 lnformation for he diary should be at the Ransome's gallery Museum FOXFIELD RAILWAY GALA PRACTICAL INDUSTRIAL sent directly to the Editw as soon as Blythe Bridge North Staffordshire, ARCHAEOLOGY of East Anglian Life, Stowmarket, at it is available. DaEs of mailing and working steam trains, an at Plas Tan y Bwlch, Snowdonia, a the East of England Region lA with last dates for rreipt of copy are Conference. on the theme of rural exhibition and tours of the Foxfield long-established course run jointly given helow. ltens will normally engineering firms. Details and Colliery site, recently awarded a with Hull University, recording slate appear in successive issues up to tln booking form (SAE please) from: Heritage Lottery grant for quanies at Dorothea and others in date of fie event Please ensure Mrs Brenda Taylor, Crown House, restoration. Details from Foxfield Dyffryn Nantlle. For details contact deails are sent in if yw widt your Horsham St Faiths, Norwich, NRl0 Light Railway Society, Blythe Bridge Plas Tan y Bwlch, Maentwrog, event to be afuised. 3JD. (Caverswall Road) Station, Stoke-on- Blaenau Ffestiniog, Gwynedd LL41 Trent 5T1 1 gEA. 8 01 782 39621 0. 3YU, 8 01766 590324, Fax: 01766 A full diary can al$ fu viewed at 22-24 JUNE 2001 59027 4, e-mail: [email protected] www. i n dustri a I - a rch a u Iqy. o rg. u k PENRHYN QUARRY 21-27 JULY 2001 RAILWAY BICENTENARY BRIDGES 17-24 AUGUST 2001 WEEKEND at Plas Tan y Bwlch, Snowdonia, a AIA CONFERENCE, at Plas Tan y Bwlch, the Snowdonia course investigating the history and CAMBRIDGE National Park Environmental engineering of bridges with visits to at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, Studies Centre, a weekend school many Welsh examples. For details Please note the date has been brought AIA examining the railway's legacy in its contact Plas Tan y Bwlch, forward to August. Details from the AIA bicentenary yeal through lectures, Maentwrog, Blaenau Ffestiniog, Office, School of Archaeological Studies, discussions and site visits. For Gwynedd LL41 3YU, 8 01 766 University of Leiceste[ Leicester LE1 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS further details contact Plas Tan y 590324, Fax: 01 766 590274, e-mail: 7RH 8 01 16 252 5337. Fax: 01 16 252 (formerly AIA Bulletin lSSN 0309-0051) Bwlch, Maentwrog, Blaenau [email protected] 5005, e-mail: [email protected] rssN 1 354-1 455 Ffestiniog, Gwynedd LL41 3YU, I 19-25 AUGUST 2001 01766 590324, Fax:01766 590274, LITTLE TRA!NS IN Editor: Dr Peter Stanier e-mail: [email protected] SNOWDONIA Published by the Association for lndustrial at Plas Tan y Bwlch, a course on the Archaeology. Contributions should be narrow gauge railways in and sent to the Editor, Dr Peter Stanier, 49 around Snowdonia National Park. Breach Lane, Shaftesbury, Dorset SP7 8Lf. For details contact Plas Tan y Bwlch, News and press releases may be sent to Maentwrog, Blaenau Ffestiniog, the Editor or the appropriate AIA Regional Correspondents. fhe Editor nay be Gwynedd LL4'l 3YU, 8 01766 telephoned on 0l 747 854707. 590324, Fax: 01 766 590274, e-mail: [email protected] Final copy dates are as follows:

7-9 SEPTEMBER 2OO1 30 March for May mailing SFES UNDERGROUND 30 June for August mailing ARCHAEOLOGY 30 September for November mailing CONFERENCE 30 December for February mailing at Laon, northern France, a conference The AIA was established in | 973 to pronote archaeology, on underground the study of lndustrial Archaeology and pafticularly the building stone quanies encourage improved standards of recording, and sand mines beneath the city. research, conseruation and publication. lt Hosted by the Societ6 Franqaise aims to assist and support regional and specialist survey groups and bodies involved d'Etudes des Soutenains. Details from in the presevation of industrial monuments, Denis Montagne, 8 rue de Senurie[ M to represent the interests of lndustrial F-2000 LAON. France. Archaeology at national level, to hold conferences and seminars and to publish the 21-23 SEPTEMBER 2OO1 results of research. The AIA publishes an STEAM ENERGY annual Review and quafterly News bulletin. TECHNOLOGY 2OO1 Fufther details nay be obtained from the at Falmouth College of Arts, an Liaison Officer. AIA Office. School of international symposium on the Archaeological Studies, University of Leicester LEI 7RH. current and future uses of steam, Leicester, 8 0l l6 252 5337 Fax: 0ll6 252 5005. organised by the Trevithick Society. Steam tug Dofny Sfask at work on the River Oden c1955. Fron an exhibition of For information, contact Philip The views exoressed in this bulletin are photographs of Poland's waterways (see page | 2) Corbett, Greenacres, Short Cross not necessarily those of the Association Photo: M ieczyslaw Wrdblewski Road, Mount Hawke,TruroTR4 8DU. for Industrial Archaeology.

16 @ Association for Industrial Archaeology, May 2001

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