DOCSLIB.ORG

Oil Spill Preparedness in the Baltic Sea Countries Jonas Pålsson World Maritime University, [email protected]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Oil Spill Preparedness in the Baltic Sea Countries Jonas Pålsson World Maritime University, Jp@Wmu.Se World Maritime University The Maritime Commons: Digital Repository of the World Maritime University Baltic Master II Project Reports 1-2012 Oil spill preparedness in the Baltic Sea countries Jonas Pålsson World Maritime University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.wmu.se/baltic_master2 Part of the Emergency and Disaster Management Commons, and the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation Pålsson, Jonas, "Oil spill preparedness in the Baltic Sea countries" (2012). Baltic Master II. 3. http://commons.wmu.se/baltic_master2/3 This Report Open Access is brought to you courtesy of Maritime Commons. Open Access items may be downloaded for non-commercial, fair use academic purposes. No items may be hosted on another server or web site without express written permission from the World Maritime University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Oil spill preparedness in the Baltic Sea countries Report written for the Baltic Master II project by Jonas Pålsson, World Maritime University. Index Abstract!......................................................................................................4 Introduction!................................................................................................5 The Baltic Sea!...........................................................................................................5 Commercial interests!...............................................................................................5 Shipping!....................................................................................................................7 Oil spills!....................................................................................................................8 Effects!.......................................................................................................................9 Cost!.........................................................................................................................10 Contingency planning!...........................................................................................10 Response preparedness!.......................................................................................10 Regulations and strategies!...................................................................................11 Current initiatives!..................................................................................................11 Material and methods!.............................................................................11 Results!.....................................................................................................12 Denmark!.................................................................................................................12 Estonia!....................................................................................................................14 Finland!....................................................................................................................15 Germany!.................................................................................................................17 Latvia!.......................................................................................................................19 Lithuania!.................................................................................................................20 Poland!.....................................................................................................................21 Russian Federation!................................................................................................23 Sweden!....................................................................................................................24 Aerial surveillance!.................................................................................................26 International conventions!.....................................................................................27 Previous oil spills!..................................................................................................27 2 Discussion!...............................................................................................30 Conclusion!...............................................................................................32 References!...............................................................................................34 Appendix 1: Contacts for the inquiry!....................................................36 Appendix 2: Oil Spill Response Vessels in the Baltic Sea!..................37 3 Abstract The Baltic Sea is one of the world’s busiest waterways. An estimated 9 % of the world’s trade and 11 % of the world’s oil transportation passes through Baltic waters. It is estimated that this will increase by 64 % between 2003 and 2020. For example, the oil transportation has increased by 133 % between 1997 and 2008 and is now over 250 million tonnes per year. Plenty of shallows and narrow passages make parts of the Baltic Sea difficult to navigate. There are around 130 accidents each year, with 10 of these leading to pollution, mostly of oil. The brackish water of the Baltic Sea coupled with a long residence time of water, makes the flora and fauna particularly sensitive to pollution. The Baltic Sea countries are fortunate to never have had a larger oil spill. The largest one, the Globe Asimi in Lithuania in 1981 spilled 16 000 tonnes of oil. Compared to the larger oils spills in other parts of the world, for example the Prestige, that spilled 63 000 tonnes, this is a small amount. In the Baltic Sea region, several bilateral agreements and international conventions exist to strengthen the cross border cooperation in case of an oil spill. Annual exercises are held by the respective countries’ Navy and Coast Guard on combatting oil spills at sea. These have held multiple joint response operations during the HELCOM Balex Delta exercises for several years. However, this spirit of international cooperation and capacity building has not been the case with the land based oil spill response. The organisation of the on land oil spill response in the Baltic Sea countries varies. Certain countries have a centralised system, with a federal authority in charge of the response and aided by local resources. Other countries have the local authorities in charge, who are aided by the governmental authorities and resources. Different countries have worked with contingency planning to a varying degree. Poland for example have had no larger spills at all, but have invested much time and money into response preparedness. Sweden has had several smaller to medium sized spills, but there is large variation between the municipalities concerning the preparedness level. Different nations have set different goals for their oil spill response as well, for example Finland is prepared for an oil spill of 30 000 tonnes, Germany for 15 000 tonnes, Sweden 10 000 tonnes and the Russian Federation for 5 000 tonnes. The two Baltic Master projects have highlighted the changing patterns related to shipping in the Baltic Sea and the corresponding need to continuously re-assess the threats to coastal environments and communities. One of the important conclusions from Baltic Master II is that the preparedness to deal effectively with oil spills at the local and regional level in most of the Baltic Sea countries is poorly developed. Important aspects are related to the need for updated and well rehearsed contingency plans. The need to test these plans in real exercises with regular intervals must be emphasised in particular. Such practices will test the collaboration between different agencies locally, the cooperation between central and local agencies, and the collaboration across borders. To cover the cost for such an improved preparedness various funding mechanisms can be discussed, one example highlighted in the present report is the development of a fund similar to the Finnish model. 4 Introduction The increased maritime traffic in the Baltic Sea in the last decade has fundamentally changed the needs for response preparedness for a major oil spill accident in the adjacent countries. Larger tankers and more oil being transported through the Baltic Sea have also changed the risk factors of the region. Coupled with anticipated development of both coastlines and the sea, many reports are calling for a holistic approach to marine spatial planning. Efforts in this direction have already been made, with the European Union’s (EU’s) Integrated Maritime Policy and Baltic Sea Strategy and Helsinki Commission’s (HELCOM’s) Baltic Sea Action Plan. (Boverket, 2006; HELCOM, 2010a; EU, 2009 & 2010 and WWF, 2010) This report has been written for the EU project Baltic Master II. During the project, several contingency plans have been written for coastal municipalities in the south Baltic Sea. Additionally, exercises has been held in these municipalities to increase the familiarity with the written plans and to make all participants understand the need for a plan. This has also led to an awareness rising for the topic in the region. The purpose of this report is to describe how the different countries around the Baltic Sea have formed their oil spill preparedness and to identify possible weaknesses that need to be addressed. The Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea covers around 377 000 km² and is one of the largest brackish water bodies in the world. It is located in the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Meteotsunami Occurrence in the Gulf of Finland Over the Past Century
    Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2535–2546, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2535-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Meteotsunami occurrence in the Gulf of Finland over the past century Havu Pellikka, Terhi K. Laurila, Hanna Boman, Anu Karjalainen, Jan-Victor Björkqvist, and Kimmo K. Kahma Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland Correspondence: Havu Pellikka (havu.pellikka@iki.fi) Received: 4 January 2020 – Discussion started: 8 January 2020 Revised: 13 July 2020 – Accepted: 29 July 2020 – Published: 25 September 2020 Abstract. We analyse changes in meteotsunami occurrence 1 Introduction over the past century (1922–2014) in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. A major challenge for studying these short-lived On 29 July 2010, in Pellinki, in the Porvoo archipelago, Gulf and local events is the limited temporal and spatial resolu- of Finland (Fig.1), a summer resident witnessed an excep- tion of digital sea level and meteorological data. To over- tional event: come this challenge, we examine archived paper recordings I have spent all my summers in Pellinki, now for from two tide gauges, Hanko for 1922–1989 and Hamina for the 50th time, and from 1989 in this place. Dur- 1928–1989, from the summer months of May–October. We ing that time I have of course seen the water rise, visually inspect the recordings to detect rapid sea level vari- fall and flow in various ways, but what I saw on ations, which are then digitised and compared to air pres- 29 July was something totally new.
    [Show full text]
  • Building Walls: Fear and Securitization in the European Union
    CENTRE DELÀS REPORT 35 Fear and securitization in the European Union Authors: Ainhoa Ruiz Benedicto · Pere Brunet Published by: Centre Delàs d’Estudis per la Pau Carrer Erasme de Janer 8, entresol, despatx 9 08001 Barcelona T. 93 441 19 47 www.centredelas.org [email protected] This research is part of Ainhoa Ruiz Benedicto’s doctoral thesis for the “Peace, Conflict and Development” programme at Jaume I University. Researchers: Ainhoa Ruiz Benedicto, Pere Brunet Acknowledgements: Guillem Mases, Edgar Vega, Julia Mestres, Teresa de Fortuny, Cinta Bolet, Gabriela Serra, Brian Rusell, Niamh Eastwood, Mark Akkerman. Translator: María José Oliva Parada Editors: Jordi Calvo Rufanges, Nick Buxton Barcelona, September 2018 Design and layout: Esteva&Estêvão Cover photo: Stockvault; p. 11: Ashley Gilbertson/VII/Redux; p. 5: blublu.org p. 9: www.iamawake.co; p. 21: Georgi Licovski/EPA D.L.: B-19744-2010 ISSN: 2013-8032 INDEX Executive summary . 5 Foreword . 9 1 . Building walls . 12 1.1 New security policies in the border area.........................12 1.2 European border policy: towards securitization and militarisation...............................................13 1.3 The European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex).........14 2 . Mental walls . 16. 2.1 Concept and practice of fortress europe.........................16 2.2 Mental walls in Europe: the rise of racism and xenophobia ......17 3 . Physical walls . 23 3.1 Walls surrounding Europe ..................................... 23 3.2 Land walls .....................................................25 3.3 Maritime walls ................................................ 30 4 . Virtual walls . 34 4.1 Virtual walls and surveillance systems ........................ 34 4.2 Systems for the control and storage of data on movements across borders................................. 34 4.3 Surveillance system for border areas: EUROSUR...............
    [Show full text]
  • See Helsinki on Foot 7 Walking Routes Around Town
    Get to know the city on foot! Clear maps with description of the attraction See Helsinki on foot 7 walking routes around town 1 See Helsinki on foot 7 walking routes around town 6 Throughout its 450-year history, Helsinki has that allow you to discover historical and contemporary Helsinki with plenty to see along the way: architecture 3 swung between the currents of Eastern and Western influences. The colourful layers of the old and new, museums and exhibitions, large depart- past and the impact of different periods can be ment stores and tiny specialist boutiques, monuments seen in the city’s architecture, culinary culture and sculptures, and much more. The routes pass through and event offerings. Today Helsinki is a modern leafy parks to vantage points for taking in the city’s European city of culture that is famous especial- street life or admiring the beautiful seascape. Helsinki’s ly for its design and high technology. Music and historical sights serve as reminders of events that have fashion have also put Finland’s capital city on the influenced the entire course of Finnish history. world map. Traffic in Helsinki is still relatively uncongested, allow- Helsinki has witnessed many changes since it was found- ing you to stroll peacefully even through the city cen- ed by Swedish King Gustavus Vasa at the mouth of the tre. Walk leisurely through the park around Töölönlahti Vantaa River in 1550. The centre of Helsinki was moved Bay, or travel back in time to the former working class to its current location by the sea around a hundred years district of Kallio.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining the Role of Local Authorities in Managing and Propagating Cultural Heritage
    Defining the Role of Local Authorities in Managing and Propagating Cultural Heritage Symposium Proceedings Book ICLAFI SYMPOSIUM AND ANNUAL MEETING 2019 22-24 October 2019 Gaziantep, Turkey ICLAFI SYMPOSIUM AND ANNUAL MEETING 2019 GAZIANTEP, TURKEY Gaziantep Metropolitan Municipality Cultural Publications—37 DEFINING THE ROLE OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN MANAGING AND PROPAGATING CULTURAL HERITAGE International Symposium October 22-24, 2019 Symposium Proceedings Book ICOMOS International Scientific Committee on Legal, Administrative and Financial Issues, ICOMOS Turkey National Committee, Gaziantep Metropolitan Municipality ICOMOS TR Organising Team: Tamer GÖK, Yasemin SARIKAYA LEVENT, Meltem UÇAR Compiled by Yasemin SARIKAYA LEVENT ISBN: 978-605-80940-6-2 The responsibilities of proceedings and images belong to authors. All the printing rights are reserved. Copyright © 2020 ICLAFI Symposium and Annual Meeting 2019 is supported and hosted by Gaziantep Metropolitan Mu- nicipality. The proceedings book is published by Gazikültür A.Ş. Cover Image: “The Gypsy Girl Mosaic” from the Ancient City of Zeugma (Photo by Nevit Dilmen) ICLAFI SYMPOSIUM AND ANNUAL MEETING 2019 GAZIANTEP, TURKEY Dear participants, distinguished members of ICLAFI, We happily welcome you in Gaziantep at the 2019 Symposium and Annual Meeting of the International Scientific Committee on Legal, Administrative and Financial Issues established under the International Council of Monuments and Sites. Gaziantep has been home to various civilizations throughout the his- tory. Gaziantep region is a place where important civilizations such as Hittite, Roman, Seljuk and Ottoman have lived and left their traces. The uncovered cultural assets in Rumkale, Yesemek, Zeugma, Karkamış and Dülük reveal the historical background of the region and constitute important documents of human history.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Cover: a Global Forest Coalition Newsletter on International Forest Policy April 2018 the Big Four Drivers of Deforestation 2
    Forest Cover: a Global Forest Coalition newsletter on international forest policy April 2018 The big four drivers of deforestation 2 About Global Forest Coalition: The Global Forest Coalition In this issue: (GFC) is an international coalition of 92 NGOs and Indigenous Peoples’ Organisations from 61 countries defending social justice and the rights of forest peoples in 3 Editorial: Driving forest policies. GFC organises joint advocacy campaigns on deforestation the need to respect the rights, role and needs of Indigenous By Ashlesha Khadse Peoples, women and local communities in forest conservation and the need to address the underlying causes of forest loss. Its staff and collaborators work from, amongst others, Paraguay, the Netherlands, Colombia, 5 Burning trees while Thailand and the UK. saving forests? The mythology of bioenergy Editorial Team: Ashlesha Khadse, Mary Louise Malig, By Rachel Smolker Ronnie Hall and Simone Lovera Editor: Ronnie Hall Graphic Design & Photo Research: Oliver Munnion 10 Palm oil and land grabbing in Cameroon th About Forest Cover: Welcome to the 55 issue of Forest By Center for Environment Cover, newsletter of the Global Forest Coalition (GFC). It and Development (CED) features reports on important intergovernmental meetings by different NGOs and IPOs, and articles from GFC member organisations. For free subscriptions, please contact: [email protected] 12 Biofuels for aviation: about to take off? You can donate to GFC here By Almuth Ernsting Website: globalforestcoalition.org Image library: globalforestcoalition.org/photography Facebook: @globalforestcoalition 14 Natural pine forests rich Twitter: @gfc123 in biodiversity threatened Instagram: global.forest by logging in Sweden By Kristina Bäck and Skydda Front cover main photo: Judith Deland/CIC Skogen Other front cover photos: Jai Mansson/Flickr, GFC, Dogwood Alliance, Mathias Rittgerott/CIC 17 Booming trade in biofuels Contents page photos: Alysson D.
    [Show full text]
  • Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission Expert Working Group on Response on the Shore EWG SHORE 10-2015 Online Meeting, 15 April 2015
    Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission Expert Working Group on Response on the Shore EWG SHORE 10-2015 Online meeting, 15 April 2015 Document title Revision of HELCOM Response Manual Volume III Code 4-1 Category CMNT Agenda Item 1 - Revision of the HELCOM Response Manual Volume III Submission date 13.4.2015 Submitted by Finland Reference Outcome of EWG SHORE 8-2014 and EWG SHORE 9-2014, Outcome of RESPONSE 19- 2014 (paragraph 6.11) Background Reviewing and updating of HELCOM Response Manual Volume III on response to pollution incidents on the shore is one of the main tasks of the HELCOM Expert Working Group on Response on the Shore (EWG SHORE) according to the Terms of Reference of the Group (Task 3). Finland has been appointed as the Lead Country for the Task. Amendments to the Manual have been discussed during previous meetings of the group and some work has been conducted intersessionally. A revised version of the Manual was submitted to HELCOM RESPONSE 19-2014 for the meeting to note the revision process and to provide guidance for EWG SHORE for the way forward (c.f. paragraph 6.11 of the Outcome of the meeting). The attached document contains a further amended version of the Manual by Finland. No input has been received from other countries and Task Leaders. Action required The Meeting is invited to - take note of the status of the status of the revision of HELCOM Response Manual Volume III, - discuss and agree on how to proceed with the revision. Page 1 of 1 The HELCOM Response Manual Volume III “Response to Pollution Incidents on the shore” was adopted by the HELCOM Ministerial Meeting in October 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • EUROISLANDS ESPON Scientific Report
    C Scientific report Table of contents Table of contents _____________________________________________________ 1 Table of Maps ________________________________________________________ 3 Table of Figures ______________________________________________________ 3 1. Rationale and context of the Study _____________________________________ 5 1.1. Territorial cohesion and sustainability: the overall goal _____________________ 5 1.2. Areas’ attractiveness and territorial cohesion _____________________________ 6 1.3. Islands characteristics as permanent obstacles for attractiveness _____________ 8 1.4. Islands’ policy in order to exploit islands characteristics ___________________ 15 2 Methodology ____________________________________________________ 21 2.1. Planning for primary and secondary research required to collect data and information to answer the questions of the study _____________________________ 26 2.1.1. Variables for the state of islands and data collection strategies _____________________ 26 2.1.2. Variables for the attractiveness of islands and data collection strategies: data bases and local researches on cases studies _________________________________________________ 34 2.1.3. Methodology for the Research in the Case Studies ______________________________ 42 2.1.4. Indexes for the comparison and the typology of islands: state, change and attractiveness 52 2.1.5. A typology of Islands _____________________________________________________ 58 2.2. Methods for the Islands’ Impact Assessment _____________________________ 61 2.2.1 The
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Ship Accidents in the Baltic Sea Area for the Year 2004
    Report on ship accidents in the Baltic Sea area for the year 2004 Introduction Data on ship accidents in the Baltic Sea area has been collected since 2000 according to the agreed reporting format. In 2004 a new reporting format was developed and agreed to be used for the reporting of accidents for the year 2004. It was also agreed that the Secretariat will take over the collection of annual information and development of the map on ship accidents as well as prepare the annual report on ship accidents in a way which would facilitate discussions and conclusions on prevention and response to accidents. All Contracting States have provided their data for 2004. The complete data reported on ships accidents for 2004 is contained in Annex 1. Total accidents According to the reports from the Contracting States there were 121 ship accidents in the HELCOM area in 2004. As can be seen from Figure 1 the total number of accidents has increased significantly in 2004 compared to 2000-2003. Number of ship accidents in the Baltic Sea during the period 2000-2004 140 120 s 100 80 112 60 No. of accident of No. 40 60 57 53 63 20 11 9 0 5 4 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year Pollution No pollution Total number of accidents 2000-2004: 374 Figure 1 The spatial distribution of the reported accidents in 2004 can be seen in Figure 2. Figure 2 Page 2 of 16 Looking into the types of accidents in the Baltic Sea area (Figure 3) it can be noticed that groundings (41%) and collisions (27%) constitute the most significant part of the reported events.
    [Show full text]
  • Alfons Håkans History 1896 -1930’S
    Alfons Håkans history 1896 -1930’s In 1896, Johannes Håkans, a farmer from Strandas, established a small steam sawmill. The sawmill’s production was modest at first and mainly consisted of sawing timber in order to build houses. However, tragedy struck in 1897 when the mill burnt down, believed to be the work of an arsonist. What was left of the burnt sawmill & property were sold and Johannes emigrated to the USA. It was during this time that the steam sawmill was put back into operation and it even expanded to incorporate a forage and planning mill. Johannes returned to Finland and in 1905 he bought back the mill. The company was registered as a limited company in 1910 and during the next 5 years the first tugs, Leo and Tor, were purchased and were used for shipping timber to the mill. In the 1920s, Johannes’s son, Alfons Håkans, joined the family business. More tugs and pontoons were purchased, among them Kraft and Hurtig (built 1920-21) to name but a few. As a tribute to the early years of the company, several old names are still in use on the modern tugs. Hard times struck again in the 1920s with two devastating fires at the sawmill in addition to the world-wide recession that lasted from 1929 until 1932. However, the company made progress as well, one example being the successful salvage of the Greek 10,000tdw steamship ‘Diamantis’ in 1929. The salvage took place off the rocks of Norrskär Island, just outside the Port of Vaasa and Alfons worked as a diver during the salvage.
    [Show full text]
  • Ladda Ner Fulltext (Pdf)
    slavica antiqua et hodierna Stockholm Slavic Papers ———————— 28 ———————— Elisabeth Löfstrand, Alexander Pereswetoff-Morath, Ewa Teodorowicz-Hellman (red.) slavica antiqua et hodierna En hyllningsskri till Per Ambrosiani ·ⰒⰀ· Stoholm 2019 stockholms universitet Institutionen för slaviska och baltiska språk, finska, nederländska och tyska Elisabeth Löfstrand, Alexander Pereswetoff-Morath & Ewa Teodorowicz-Hellman (red.): Slavica antiqua et hodierna: En hyllningsskri till Per Ambrosiani (Stockholm Slavic Papers · 28). Stockholm 2019. xxiv + 323 sidor. © Författarna 2019 Sats och grafisk formgivning Alexander Pereswetoff-Morath Omslag Åke Zimmermann Bjersby Tryck Universitetsservice US AB Fotografi på smutstitelns baksida Inga Nyman Ambrosiani issn 0347-7002 isbn 978-91-519-3591-1 (tryck); 978-91-519-3607-9 ( pdf ) INNEHÅLL Tabula gratulatoria vii Per Ambrosianis publicerade skrifter (1983–2019 ) xi Förord xxiii ETNONYMI OCH TOPONYMI 1 Jussi Nuorluoto Bemerkungen zu altruss. murom(a) 3 Svante Strandberg Flodnamnet Havel och Hävla i Östergötland 11 АДРИАН СЕЛИН Боярин Василий Казимир и топонимика Северо-Запада Новгородской земли конца XVI века 19 Martina Björklund Toponymer i Finland enligt Peter I år 1713 31 Mats Wahlberg Nogård, Musko och Sibirien 45 Ryska ortnamn i Sverige RYSKAN OCH RYSKA HANDLINGAR I DET SVENSKA RIKET 61 Elisabeth Löfstrand »Мы уж в осаде три недeли а по городу бьют крeпкo из наряду…» 63 Fem privatbrev från det belägrade Smolensk Alexander Pereswetoff-Morath Ulwichius’ lista och rösterna från Caporie län 79 Nya källor om
    [Show full text]
  • Frontex Refers to the Mission
    Frontex · Warsaw · 2010 Beyond the Frontiers Frontex: The First Five Years Produced by Frontex Information and Transparency Team. Author / Editorial consultant: Anthony Lodge Photographs courtesy of Alfred Azzopardi, Armed Forces of Malta Press Office (p. 11); Armed Forces of Malta Maritime Squadron (p. 34), Darrin Zammit Lupi (p. 70), European Union (p. 17, 18, 19, 20, 58, 72), Frontex (p. 8, 47, 74), Guarda Nacional Republicana (p. 30), Guardia Civil (p. 36), Guardia Costiera (p. 6), Guardia di Finanza (p. 68), Hellenic Coast Guard (p. 22, 32), Julio Vijande, Frontex (p. 35), Julio de la Vega, Frontex (p. 44), Krzysztof Niemiec, Straz˙ Graniczna (p. 13), Michał Parzyszek, Frontex (p. 24, 26, 28, 38, 40, 42, 52, 54, 56, 63, 64, 76), Rasa Karbauskaite, Frontex (p. 50) Copyright © 2010 by Frontex ISBN 978-92-95033-29-0 All rights reserved. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Design by Foxrabbit Designers Printed in Poland by Offset-Print, Michałowice Table of contents Introduction · 6 The Executive Director’s View: an Interview with Ilkka Laitinen · 8 The First Joint Operation: Fast and Effective · 18 Meeting the Common Challenge: ‘The Highest Possible Standard’ · 24 Joint Operation Hera: ‘The Birth of Sea Operations’ · 30 The Broader Picture: The Mediterranean · 38 Joint Operation Hammer: A Flexible Response · 44 Research & Development: Coming up with ‘Smarter Solutions’ · 52 Rapid Border Intervention: ‘Expecting the Unexpected’ · 58 Risk Analysis: The ‘Brain’ of Frontex · 62 A Longer Perspective: Third Countries · 68 Wider Cooperation: A Helping Hand · 70 Joint Return Operations: Coordinating a European Response · 72 The Next Five Years? · 74 Annex · 76 Introduction Introduction 7 Beyond the Frontiers highlights some of the operational organisation.
    [Show full text]
  • A-Sarja Ntm 8 / 20.03.2016 - Ntm 35 20.12.2018 Ntm 2 / 20.01.2019 - Ntm 35 / 20.12.2019 Ntm 2 / 20.01.2020 - Ntm 36 / 31.12.2020 Ntm 2 /20.01.2021
    A-sarja NtM 8 / 20.03.2016 - NtM 35 20.12.2018 NtM 2 / 20.01.2019 - NtM 35 / 20.12.2019 NtM 2 / 20.01.2020 - NtM 36 / 31.12.2020 NtM 2 /20.01.2021 - Tm/UfS/NtM 35 20.12.2018 *352 /2018 (2018-12-20) Suomi. Suomenlahti. Helsinki. Länsisatama. Poistettu ODAS -poiju. Turvalaitteet Finland. Finska viken. Helsingfors. Västra hamnen. Indragen ODAS-boj. Säkerhetsanordningar Finland. Gulf of Finland. Helsinki. West Harbour. Withdrawn ODAS buoy. Buoyage Kartat / Kort / Charts Edellinen / Föregående / Previous 18 (INT 1250) 334 /2018 191 (INT 1159) 334 /2018 A626,A626.1 337 /2018 B626,B626.1 334 /2018 Kumotaan/Utgår/Cancelled: 307(T) /2018 1 18, 191, A626, A626.1, B626, B626.1 Poista 60°08.606'N 24°53.912'E Stryk Delete Fl(5)Y.20s ( Ilmatieteen laitos/Meteorologiska institutet/Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki/Helsingfors 2018 ) Tm/UfS/NtM 33 30.11.2018 *337 /2018 (2018-11-30) Suomi. Suomenlahti. Orrengrundin KA -puoli. Kotkan majakka. Muuttunut valotunnus. Turvalaitteet. Finland. Finska viken. SO om Orrengrund. Fyren Kotkan majakka. Ändrad fyrkaraktär. Säkerhetsanordningar. Finland. Gulf of Finland. SE of Orrengrund. Lighthouse Kotkan majakka. Amended light character. Buoyage. Kartat / Kort / Charts Edellinen / Föregående / Previous 15 (INT 1247) 61 /2018 951 311 /2018 A614 336 /2018 1 15, 951, A614 Muuta 60°10.34'N 26°39.06'E | 13055, (C5380) Ändra Amend KOTKAN MAJAKKA KOTKAN MAJAKKA Fl(4)W.30s23m12M > Fl(4)W.30s23m10M Racon K Racon K ( FTA, Helsinki/Helsingfors 2018 ) Tm/UfS/NtM 33 30.11.2018 *336 /2018 (2018-11-30) Suomi. Suomenlahti.
    [Show full text]