State of California Marine Research Committee
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STATE OF CALIFORNIA MARINE RESEARCH COMMITTEE This report is not copyrighted and may be reproduced in other publications provided due credit is given the Cali- fornia Marine Research Committee, the author, and the reporting agencies. Inquiries concerning this report should be addresed to the State Fisheries Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Game, Terminal Island, California 90731. EDITORIAL BOARD J. L. Baxter, Chairman E. H. Ahlstrom J. D. lsaacs P. M. Roedel STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME MARINE RESEARCH COMMITTEE CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS Volume XI 1 July 1963 to 30 June 1966 Cooperating Agencies: CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME STANFORD UNIVERSITY, HOPKINS MARINE STATION U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY 1 January 1967 This volume is dedicated to JULIAN G. BURNETTE, Member of the Marine Research Committee since its inception in 1948 and Chairman, 1948-1967. The work reported upon in this volume and all those preceding it was done during the period of his leadership. Much of the credit for the scientific advances that we have made belongs to him. His continued interest, wholehearted support, early understonding of the necessity for a broad examination of the ocean environment, and, particularly, his farseeing insight into the delicate balance between freedom and obligation in research, created an almost unprecedented rapport between men of science and of practice; an intellectuol environment in which both basic scientific progress and practical results became possible; and a high goal for future research programs. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL January 1. 1967 RONALDREAGAX Govcriwr of the Slate of California Xacranzento, California Dear Sir: Ve respectfully submit the eleventh report on the work of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Inrestigations. The report consists of three sections. The first contains a review of the adminis- trative and research activities during the period July 1, 1963 to June 30, 1966, a description of the fisheries, and a list of publications arising froni the pro- grams. The second section is comprised of papers prepared for a special sym- posium on anchovy biology. The third is comprised of original scientific contri- butions which are either a direct result of CalCOFI research prodorams, or represent research directly pertinent to resource dcvelopment in the pelagic realm of California. Respectfully, THE XAKINII:RESEARCH COXMITTICE J. a. BURNCTTE, Chairman EDWARD17. BRUCE,Vice Chairnzan C. R. CARRY R. E. CIrilPnim It-. M. CHAPMAX JOHNHAWK ARTI-IURH. hhND0NCA4 ,4hTT€IONY NIZETICH JOSEPHL. OLIVIERI CONTENTS I. Review of Activities Page 1. Review of Activities July 1, 1963-June 30, 1966_______-______--__ 5 2. Review of the Pelagic Wet Fisheries for the 1963-64, 1964-65, 1965-66.. Seasons .............................................. 21 3. Publications ................................................. 22 11. Symposium on Anchovies, Genus Engraulis John L. Baxter, Editor _______- ________________________________ 27 1. Oceanic Environments of the Genus Engraulis around the World Joseph L. Reid, Jr.--- ........................ - ________________ 29 2. Synopsis of Biological Information on the Australian Anchovy Engraulis australis (White) Maurice Blackburn ___________________________________________ 34 3. A Note on the Biology and Fishery of the Japanese Anchovy Engradis. .. japonica (Houttuyn) Xtgezta Hayasi .................................. - _______-____ 44 4. Present State of the Investigations on the Argentine Anchovy Engraulis anchoita (Hubbs, Marini) Janina Dz. de Ciechomski...................................... 58 5. Influence of Some Environmental Factors upon the Embryonic Development of the Argentine Anchovy Engraulis anchoita ( Hubbs, Marini) Janina Dz. de Ciechomski...................................... 67 6. Investigations of Food and Feeding Habits of Larvae and Juveniles of the Argentine Anchovy Engraulis anchoita Janina Dx. de Ciechomski ..................................... 72 7. A Brief Description of Peruvian Fisheries W. P.Doucet and H. Einarsson ..................... - ____-____ - 82 8. Preliminary Results of Studies on the Present Status of the Peruvian Stock of Anchovy (Engradis ringens Jenyns) G. Xaetersdal, J. Valdivia, I. Tsukayama, and B. Alegre____________ 88 9. An Attempt to Estimate Annual Spawning Intensity of the Anchovy (Engraulis ringens Jenyns) by Means of Regional Egg and Larval Surveys during 1961-1964 H. Einarsson and B. Rojas de Mendiola.......................... 96 10. The Predation of Guano Birds on the Peruvian Anchovy (Engraulis ringens Jenyns) R6mulo Jordcin ________- ..................................... 105 11. Summary of Biological Information on the Northern Anchovy Engradis mordax Girard John L. Baxter______________-___________-___-__-_--~___--_-_-110 12. Co-occurrences of Sardine and Anchovy Larvae in the California Current Region off California and Baja California Elbert H. Ahlstrom __- ........................................ 117 13. The Accumulation of Fish Debris in Certain California Coastal Sediments Andrew Xoutar .............................................. 136 111. Scientific Contributions 1. The Pelagic Phase of Pleuroncodes planipes Stimpson (Crustacea, Galatheidae) in the California Current Alan E. Longhurst _____________-__________________________-__ 142 2. Summary of Thermal Conditions and Phytoplankton Volumes Measured in Monterey Bay, California 1961-1966 Donald P. Abbott and Richard Albee ........................... 155 3. Seasonal Variation of Temperature and Salinity at 10 Meters in the California Current Ronald J. Lynn ________________________________________-_-___ 157 (4) PART 1 REVIEW OF ACTIVITIES July 1,1963-June 30,1966 REPORT OF THE CALCOFI COMMITTEE INTRODUCTION years (1969 next), and a continuing expansion of the several programs, descriptions of which follow. It has become increasingly apparent that the policy of the CalCOFI has been a valid and valuable one- Early in 1966 the CalCOFI Committee, in a letter that the intensive long-term study of the California to the Chairman of the Marine Research Committee, Current has constituted a nucleus and raison d’6tre outlined the history, accomplishments, and status of of an expanding research and technology of greater the CalCOFI research program in simple, brief, fac- depth, field and compass in the North Pacific. The tual terms. The 13 points, to which we referred as nature of these expanded portions of the program “a few of the many unshakeable pillars of cer- are discussed later in the reports of agencies. tainty”, were : The CalCOFI Committee is deeply involved with (1) The CalCOFI program was established as a broad and thoughtful inquiry into the environment and the biology its fundamental objectives and with reappraisal of of the California Current system. the direction that the CalCOFI should now take. (2) An object of the program was to clarify the nature of This reappraisal is necessitated by the delineation the decline of sardine abundance and to understand the of unutilized fish resources of the eastern North nature of the other organisms associated with the sar- Pacific and the initiation of a fishery one of these- dine in the California Current system. the anchovy. (3) Organizationally, the CalCOFI is established as a group of cooperative research programs responsible to these The philosophical, scientific, and politico-economic objectives and subject to the review of their progress factors pertinent to this reappraisal cannot be com- by the Marine Research Committee, a highly selected petently discussed here. However, the crucial ques- group of interested, practical men. tions can be reasonably well formulated as follows : (4) As will be enumerated below, this arrangement has Are the long-term needs of the state, society, and proven to be extremely successful and rewarding. The rapport between men of scientific and practical bents mankind best served at this juncture by a concentra- has, we believe, been unique. There has been neither tion of research on the anchovy and its fishery or constraint, on the one hand, nor lack of direction, on by a continued expansion of the research into the the other but rather an almost wholly unprecedented ? balance between the two where the scientist has been total environment able to work with “responsible freedom” and where he, The resolution of this problem depends upon a the MRC and the public have been highly rewarded. valid understanding of the evolving position of Cali- (5) The oceanography, the biology of the California Cur- fornia ; its changing responsibilities to its people rent system, and the variations in these are now the and to its challenges and opportunities; and the pres- best documented and best understood of any oceanic ent and potential contribution of the CalCOFI to the area in the world. (6) The understanding of fish populations, biology and re- State. source potential through studies of eggs, larval and On the one hand, as a result of CalCOFI research, adults of pelagic fishes are the most highly advanced we have the opportunity of reestablishing a reduction of any. fishery of some magnitude. On the other hand, we have (7) Wholly new technologies of studies of pelagic fish have been developed and are of far-reaching, world-wide im- the demonstrated, suspected, and as yet unrecognized port. opportunities and implications