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The Existential Coordinates of the Human Condition: Poetic - Epic - Tragic Analecta Husserliana

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The Existential Coordinates of the Human Condition: Poetic - Epic - Tragic Analecta Husserliana THE EXISTENTIAL COORDINATES OF THE HUMAN CONDITION: POETIC - EPIC - TRAGIC ANALECTA HUSSERLIANA THE YEARBOOK OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH VOLUME XVIII Editor-in-Chief· ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA The World Institute for Advanced Phenomenological Research and Learning Belmont, Massachusetts THE EXISTENTIAL COORDINATES OF THE HUMAN CONDITION: POETIC- EPIC- TRAGIC The Literary Genre Edited by ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA Published under the auspices of The World Institute for Advanced Phenomenological Research and Learning A·T. Tymieniecka, President SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: The Existential coordinates of the human condition, poetic -epic­ tragic. (Analecta Husserliana ; v. 18) A selection of studies presented at three annual seminars of the International Society for Phenomenology and Literature, 1980-1982. "Published under the auspices of the World Institute for Advanced Phenomenological Research and Learning." Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Literature-Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Tymieniecka, Anna-Teresa. II. International Society for Phenomenology and Literature. III. World Institute for Advanced Phenomenological Research and Learning. IV. Series. B3279.H94A129 vol. 18. [PN45] 142'.7s [809] 84-1960 ISBN 978-94-011-7987-4 ISBN 978-94-009-6315-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-009-6315-3 All Rights Reserved © 1984 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published D. Reidel Publishing Company in 1984 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1984 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner TABLE OF CONTENTS ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA I 1'he Theme: The Poetic, Epic and Tragic Genres as the Existential Coordinates of the Human Condition ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xvii PART ONE: POETRY AND ITS ROLE IN LITERATURE A. POETRY IN THE HUMAN CONDITION ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA I Aesthetic Enjoyment and Poetic Sense. Poetic Sense: The Irreducible in Literature 3 WOLFGANG WITTKOWSKII Movement in German Poems 23 MARIA-TERESA BERTELLONII Why Be a Poet? 37 LOIS OPPENHEIM I The Field of Poetic Constitution 47 B. THE NATURE OF THE POEM: PHILOSOPHICAL AND LITERARY ANALYSIS CYNTHIA A. MILLER I The Poet in the Poem: A Phenomenological Analysis of Anne Sexton's 'Briar Rose (Sleeping Beauty)' 61 JEANNE RUPPERT I Nature, Feeling, and Disclosure in the Poetry of Wallace Stevens 75 C. METAPHYSICS OF THE POETIC MEENA ALEXANDER I "Failings from Us, Vanishings ...":Com- position and the Structure of Loss 91 ZYGMUNT ADAMCZEWSKII Poetic Thinking to Be 99 D. THE POET AND THE WORLD OF POETRY L. M. FINDLAY 1 From Helikon to Aetna: The Precinct of Poetry in Hesiod, Empedokles, Holderlin, and Arnold 119 CHRISTOPH EYKMAN I What Can the Poem Do Today? The Self- Evaluation of Western Poets after 1945 141 TERESA GELLA I Poetry as Essential Graphs 157 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS PART TWO: THE EPIC COORDINATE IN HUMAN HISTORICITY A. HISTORICITY OF HUMAN EXISTENCE "CIPHERED" IN THE GREAT EPOS L. M. FINDLAY 1 The Shield and the Horizon: Homeric Ekphrasis and History 163 GILA RAMRAS-RAUCH I The Myth of Man in the Hebraic Epic 175 JESSE G ELLRICH I On Medieval Interpretation and Mythology 185 VALDO H. VIGLIELMO I The Epic Element in Japanese Literature 195 BEVERLY ANN SCHLACK I A Long Day's Journey into Night: The Historicity of Human Existence Unfolding in Virginia Woolf's Fiction 209 B. THE EXISTENTIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF RHETORIC ANGEL MEDINA I The Existential Sources of Rhetoric: A Com- parison Between Traditional Epic and Modern Narrative 227 PATRICIA M. LAWLOR I Metaphor and the Flux of Human Ex- perience 241 CHRISTOPH EYKMAN I The Literary Diary as a Witness of Man's Historicity: Heinrich Boll, Karl Krolow, Gunter Grass, and Peter Handke 249 VICTOR CARRABINO I The French Nouveau Roman: The Ulti- mate Expression of Impressionism 261 PART THREE: TRAGEDY- THE TRAGIC FEELING AND THE DRAMA IN THEIR EXISTENTIAL SIGNIFICANCE A. THE EVERLASTING TRAGIC ELEMENT OF HUMAN EXISTENCE AND OF DRAMATIC ART MAR LIES KRONEGGER I The Birth of Tragedy out of the Spirit of Music: Claude!, Milhaud and the Oresteia 273 ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA I Tragedy and the Completion of Freedom 295 SHERL YN ABDOO I Hardy's Jude: The Pursuit of the Ideal as Tragedy 307 TABLE OF CONTENTS vii WOLFGANG WITTKOWSKI I Values and German Tragedy 1770- 1840 319 A. BEN CHEHIDA 1 La Destinee de Ia tragedie dans Ia culture Islamique 333 EUGENE KAELIN 1 Toward a Theory of Contemporary Tragedy 341 B. SOME RECURRING MOMENTS OF TRAGIC SIGNIFICANCE IN THE DRAMA BEVERLY KENNEDY I The Re-emergence of Tragedy in Late Medieval England: Sir Thomas Malory's Marte Darthur 363 MICHAEL PLATT I Tragical, Comical, Historical 379 FRAN<:;OISE RAVAUX I The Denial of Tragedy: The Self-Reflexive Process of the Creative Activity and the French New Novel 401 C. THE MODES OF THE TRAGIC JOHN LYONS 1 Tragic Closure and the Carnelian Wager 409 BARBARA WOSHINSKY I Intuition in Britannicus 417 MARILYN STEW ART I Myth and Tragic Action in La Celestina and Romeo and Juliet 425 BERNADETTE LINTZ MURPHY I Du desordre a l'ordre: le role de Ia violence dans Horace 435 PART FOUR: LITERARY SIGNIFICANCE AND MAN'S SELF-INTERPRETATION WITHIN THE LIFE-WORLD- LITERARY THEORY AND PRACTICE A. LITERARY EXPRESSION AND MAN'S BEING-IN-THE-WORLD JACQUES GARELLI 1 The Act of Writing as an Apprehension of the Enigma of Being-in-the-World 451 MICHAEL D. RILEY I The Truth of the Body: Merleau-Ponty on Perception, Language, and Literature 479 B. LITERARY INTERPRETATION OF "REALITY" FELIX MARTINEZ-BONATI I Fiction and the Transposition of Presence 495 JESSE GELLRICH I The Structure of Allegory 505 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS MARLIES KRONEGGER 1 Literary Impressionism and Phenom- enology: Affinities and Contrasts 521 PETER STOWELL I Phenomenology and Literary Impressionism: The Prismatic Sensibility 535 C. LITERARY "READING" OF THE HUMAN DRAMA ADN AN MOUSSALL Y I Un modele d'analyse dy texte dramatique 547 JOSEPH MARGOLIS I The Problem of Reading, Phenomenologi- cally or Otherwise 559 INDEX OF NAMES 569 ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA THE THEME: THE POETIC, EPIC AND TRAGIC GENRES AS THE EXISTENTIAL COORDINATES OF THE HUMAN CONDITION The investigation of the literary genres - the poetic, epic and tragi-comic - as the existential coordinates of the human condition has a double relevance: to the life significance of literature, and to the metaphysics of the human condition. This enquiry calls for a context that includes them both. The literary genres are, in fact, in need of a new, philosophical investigation: they require philosophical reflection to go to their ultimate source in order to have their irreducible residuum, which persists through innumerable fluctuations of their historical genesis, retrieved and estimated with respect to their artistic and aesthetic role and validity. In turn, they offer to philoso­ phy a thread to follow in assessing the significance of art and its role in man's meaning-inventing. To begin with, let us affirm that philosophy and literature - art at large - stem from a common source: the invention of the sense of experience. "Inventing the sense" means for the living individual crossing the borderline of the strictly vital significance of the "external" life-elements, as well as his "inward" promptings, propulsions, reactions, etc., to that of the specifically human significance of life. It means orchestrating his functions of sensing, intellecting and imagining in a mode of reflection upon himself, his life and its meaning; it means the origin of culture and the establishment of the specifically human life-world. 1 In this spectrum of studies we continue in an individually diversified fashion, proper to our common work, to probe into this ultimate source common to philosophy and literature.2 We may here follow our initial plan, in which we proposed a compre­ hensive investigation of the source-relationship between philosophy and literature. 3 This study should, on the one hand, yield profound and inno­ vative perspectives for the understanding and interpretation of literature in its role in man's self-interpretation in existence; on the other hand, it will lead us to the hitherto inaccessible germinal phase of this self-interpretation itself: the factors, criteria, aims of its expansive elan, and its limits. We have begun this twofold investigation through the descent to the "creative crucibles" of man's sense-inventing for the sake of his own cultural ix A-T. Tymieniecka (ed.}, Analecta Husserliana, Vol. XVIII, ix-xvi. © 1984 by D. Reidel Publishing Company. X ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA individualization - as well as for that correlated with it - of his human life­ world. Literary analysis leads us through the labyrinth of the creative pro­ cesses, with their structural schema and their pulp of experiential complexes; philosophical reflection scrutinizes the many-sided relevances of the creative endeavor and distills from their interfaces moments pregnant with various kinds of significance for man's self-interpretative effort and progress. Both meet ultimately at their common source: in the conjectural inquiry into the Human Condition, where the subliminal virtualities of the human inventive power and its shaping proficiencies both meet: the promptings of nostalgias, hopes, and Visionary dreams, as well as their limitative
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