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LAPPEENRANTA UNIVERSITY of TECHNOLOGY LUT School of Energy Systems Electrical Engineering Kuznetcova Aleksandra MASTER's THESI

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LAPPEENRANTA UNIVERSITY of TECHNOLOGY LUT School of Energy Systems Electrical Engineering Kuznetcova Aleksandra MASTER's THESI LAPPEENRANTA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LUT School of Energy Systems Electrical Engineering Kuznetcova Aleksandra MASTER’S THESIS BENEFITS OF SMART METERS IN RUSSIAN ELECTRICITY MARKET Examiners Prof. Samuli Honkapuro DSc. Evgenia Vanadzina Lappeenranta 2017 Abstract Lappeenranta University of Technology School of Energy Systems Electrical Engineering Kuznetcova Aleksandra Benefits of smart meters in Russian electricity market Master’s thesis 2017 81 pages, 12 figures, 13 tables and 4 appendices Examiners: Prof. Samuli Honkapuro DSc. Evgenia Vanadzina Keywords: smart meters, benefit, electricity market, cost-benefit analysis. Smart metering technologies have become more popular in Europe. The benefits of smart metering are obvious both for different stakeholders, and for the whole energy system. Cost-benefit analysis of smart metering system was implemented for all European countries. However, there is no similar analysis for Russian electricity market. This work aims to consider specific features of electricity market in Russia and conduct a cost-benefit analysis for residential customers from the guaranteeing supplier point of view. Main costs were defined as capital and operational expenditures and main benefits as a profit from demand response, which led to peak demand reduction and decrease in guaranteeing supplier expenses. Results suggest that smart metering system implementation is not economically justified in Russia. However, it can be implemented optionally or subsidized. 2 Table of content 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 8 2. Literature review on smart meters technology ................................................................ 11 2.1. Technical specification of electricity smart meters ................................................... 11 2.2. Challenges ................................................................................................................. 13 2.3. Examples of implementation ..................................................................................... 14 2.4. The first smart metering system in Russia ................................................................ 15 2.5. Demand response and Demand side management .................................................... 16 3. Russian electricity sector ................................................................................................. 18 3.1. The United Energy System of Russia ....................................................................... 18 3.2. The main principles of the Russian wholesale market organization ......................... 19 3.2.1. Day-ahead market ............................................................................................... 21 3.2.2. Balancing market ................................................................................................ 22 3.2.3. Capacity market .................................................................................................. 22 3.2.4. The wholesale market participants ..................................................................... 23 3.3. Infrastructure companies and organizations .............................................................. 24 3.3.1. System operator .................................................................................................. 24 3.3.2. ATS ..................................................................................................................... 24 3.3.3. Association NP Market Council ......................................................................... 25 3.4. Electric grids companies ........................................................................................... 25 3.4.1. Rosseti ................................................................................................................ 25 3.4.2. OAO FSK UES ................................................................................................... 26 3.4.3. PAO MRSK ........................................................................................................ 27 3.5. The largest generating companies ............................................................................. 27 3.5.1. PAO Inter RAO UES .......................................................................................... 27 3.5.2. AO Concern Rosenergoatom .............................................................................. 28 3 3.5.3. PAO RusHydro ................................................................................................... 28 3.5.4. Gaspromenergoholding ...................................................................................... 29 3.5.5. Eon Russia .......................................................................................................... 29 3.5.6. Enel Russia ......................................................................................................... 29 3.5.7. OAO Fortum ....................................................................................................... 30 3.5.8. PAO Quadra ....................................................................................................... 30 3.6. Retail market ............................................................................................................. 31 3.6.1. Price formation on the retail electricity market .................................................. 31 3.6.2. Price formation in non-price zones ..................................................................... 32 4. Electricity tariff formation ............................................................................................... 34 4.1. The categories of tariffs ............................................................................................ 34 4.2. Guaranteeing supplier ............................................................................................... 36 4.2.1. Regulated part of tariff ....................................................................................... 38 4.2.2. Free prices .......................................................................................................... 40 4.2.3. Limited level of non-regulated prices ................................................................. 40 4.2.4. Supplier surcharge .............................................................................................. 41 4.2.5. Reasons for supply limitation ............................................................................. 42 5. Cross subsidization .......................................................................................................... 44 6. Cost-benefit analysis of smart meters .............................................................................. 46 6.1. Possible benefits from using smart meters ................................................................ 46 6.1.1. Reduction in meter reading and operation costs ................................................. 46 6.1.2. Reduced operational and maintenance costs ...................................................... 46 6.1.3. Deferred distribution capacity investments ........................................................ 47 6.1.4. Electricity technical losses ................................................................................. 47 6.1.5. CO2 emissions and fossil fuel usage .................................................................. 49 6.1.6. Calculation of payment for environment pollution ............................................ 49 4 6.2. Costs .......................................................................................................................... 50 7. The model of monetizing benefits from smart meters implementation ........................... 53 7.1. Review and description of goals of the thesis ........................................................... 53 7.2. NPV calculation ........................................................................................................ 58 7.3. Sensitivity analysis .................................................................................................... 61 7.3.1. Different percentage of smart metering devices ................................................. 61 7.3.2. Different tariff type ............................................................................................. 62 7.3.3. Demand response ................................................................................................ 63 7.3.4. Energy saving ..................................................................................................... 64 8. Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 65 9. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 69 Reference list ....................................................................................................................... 71 Appendices ........................................................................................................................... 77 Appendix 1. Initial data for calculation ............................................................................ 77 Appendix 2. Dynamics of NPV calculation different percentage of smart metering devices .............................................................................................................................
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