Strength in Evolution

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Strength in Evolution Strength in evolution Annual Report 2018 Report Annual En+ Group About the Report is a leading In this Annual Report, the terms “En+”, The Corporate Governance section “En+ Group”, “we”, the “Company” and covers the role and activities of the Board Strength in evolution vertically the “Group” in various forms shall mean of Directors (the “Board”), committees of En+ GROUP PLC and its subsidiaries the Board, and management team in integrated whose results are included in the running the business. The detailed consolidated financial statements Financials, accompanied by a report aluminium and prepared in accordance with the from the Group’s auditors, are included in A year of evolution International Financial Reporting this Report. power producer Standards. Unless stated otherwise, financial results This is the Annual Report of EN+ GROUP included in the 2018 Annual Report are of the company PLC. The Annual Report outlines the presented and calculated based on the Company’s strategy, business model, consolidated financial statements in 2018, and and internal control and risk prepared in accordance with the management processes. During 2018, the International Financial Reporting a continuing focus Company’s business was impacted by Standards. the imposition of the OFAC Sanctions Some numbers in the tables, charts and (defined below) beginning in April of 2018 diagrams in this Report may differ from on product evolution, and lasting through to the end the year. the sums of addends due to rounding. The OFAC Sanctions were lifted from the The En+ Group Annual Report was have created a stronger Company on 27 January 2019. The approved by the Board of Directors on Company has since adopted an 26 April 2019. enhanced compliance program and En+ for 2019 and beyond mechanisms, including at the Board level, to facilitate ongoing compliance with US sanctions and requirements following the removal of sanctions from the Company and its subsidiaries. Contents At a glance Sustainable Corporate Financial 2 The Group at a Glance development governance statements 3 Our history 68 Environmental protection 97 Timeline of corporate 125 Statement of Directors’ 4 2018 Key events and 77 Corporate responsibility governance changes Responsibilities WARNING figures 80 Social responsibility 97 Board of Directors 126 Independent Auditor's 6 Post sanctions The information presented in this Annual Report only Specially Designated Nationals List (the “OFAC The companies have also agreed to unprecedented 110 Committees Report development 84 Sustainable economic reflects the Company’s position during the review Sanctions”). The designated persons/entities included transparency for Treasury into their operations by development 114 Management team 132 Consolidated Statement period from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018 Mr Oleg Deripaska, a non-executive director of the undertaking extensive, ongoing auditing, certification, 8 A worldwide presence 119 Information for of Profit or Loss and (the “Review Period”) pursuant to the requirements of Company and its ultimate beneficial owner at the time and reporting requirements. All sanctions on 10 Our business model the Listing Rules (the “LR”) published by the UK’s that OFAC imposed sanctions, as well as the Deripaska continue in force.” shareholders and Other Comprehensive 12 Chairman’s review Financial Conduct Authority (the “FCA”) in its capacity Company, United Company RUSAL Plc. (“RUSAL”), The Company and RUSAL are continuing their Internal control investors Income as a competent authority under the Financial Services JSC EuroSibEnergo, and two of the Company’s direct compliance with requirements pursuant to the Terms 14 Our strategy and risk 134 Consolidated Statement and Markets Act 2000 (as amended) and the FCA’s major shareholders at the time, B-Finance Ltd. of Removal, a binding agreement between OFAC, the 16 Chief Executive Officer’s of Financial Position Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules (the (a BVI company), and Basic Element Limited (a Jersey Company, RUSAL, and JSC EuroSibEnergo including review management 135 Consolidated Statement “DTRs”). The LR and the DTRs together are the company), each controlled by Mr Deripaska. ongoing auditing, monitoring, and reporting “Rules”, unless otherwise specified. Accordingly, all On 27 January 2019, OFAC removed the Company, requirements associated with the Terms of Removal. 89 Internal Control System of Cash Flows forward-looking statements, analyses, reviews, UC RUSAL Plc, and JSC EuroSibEnergo from the The Company is implementing enhanced compliance 90 Risk management 137 Consolidated Statement discussions, commentaries, and risks presented in this Business review OFAC Sanctions. In removing the Company from the programs and mechanisms, including at the Board 91 En+ Group’s key risks of Changes in Equity Annual Report (excluding this warning and the OFAC Sanctions, OFAC stated: level, to address ongoing compliance with US 20 Industry position Corporate Governance section, or unless otherwise 93 Code of Corporate Ethics 138 Notes to the – “Under the terms of their removal from OFAC’s List sanctions and the requirements of the Terms of 22 Operational performance specified) are based on the financial information Removal. Due to the ongoing requirements and Consolidated Financial available to the Company covering the Review Period of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked 22 Metals Segment Persons (“SDN List”), En+, RUSAL, and ESE have continued scrutiny by the US Congress of the OFAC Statements only. The forward-looking statements in this report are reduced Oleg Deripaska’s direct and indirect Sanctions removal, there is some risk that OFAC 42 Energy segment subject to risks and uncertainties, and are not shareholding stake in these companies and decides to re-impose the Sanctions on the Company. guarantees of future performance. 50 Management Discussion severed his control. This action ensures that the If the sanctions are re-imposed, it is highly likely that and Analysis Appendices Shareholders and potential investors should be aware majority of directors on the En+ and RUSAL boards the impact may be materially adverse to the business that on 6 April 2018, the Office of Foreign Assets will be independent directors – including and prospects of the Group. 202 Glossary Control of the Department of the Treasury of the – US and European persons – who have no business, 208 Contacts United States of America (the “OFAC”) designated professional, or family ties to Deripaska or any certain persons and certain companies which are other SDN, and that independent US persons vote controlled by some of these persons added to its a significant bloc of the shares of En+. A WORLDWIDE PRESENCE AT A GLANCE BUSINESS REVIEW SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INTERNAL CONTROL AND RISK MANAGEMENT CORPORATE GOVERNANCE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS En+ Group is a leading Our history vertically integrated aluminium 2 3 EN+ GROUP and power producer 2019 EN+ GROUP OFAC announced the removal of the Company and its subsidiaries from the SDN List on January 27 ANNUAL REPORT 2018 2018 ANNUAL REPORT 2018 We are unique among global natural resources companies. On April 6, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of Our business advantage stems from the full integration the Department of the Treasury of the United States of 2017 America designated certain legal and natural persons to mtpa of world- class hydro power assets that reliably and 3.9 its Specially Designated Nationals List (the SDN List), The En+ Group successfully completed its initial sustainably supply the energy required for the production of total aluminium capacity including, among others, the Company and its public offering of global depository receipts on subsidiaries the London Stock Exchange and the Moscow aluminium. In turn, our substantial production capabilities Exchange on November 3. The offer price was make us the largest aluminium producer outside of China set at USD 14 per share. The proceeds from the 1 IPO amounted to USD 1,500 million, making it the 19.6 GW biggest IPO of 2017 in London. In line with pre-IPO commitments, the proceeds from the With a well-established presence across The Group has a world-class market total installed electricity primary tranche of the offering were used for five continents and a strong operational research and analytics platform which capacity deleveraging: shortly after the listing, the Group hub in Siberia, combining the assets of provides valuable input to the Group’s 2013–2017 repaid its VTB loan in full, totalling both our Metals and Energy segments, long-term operational and financial – 100% of Krasnoyarsk HPP consolidated USD 942 million the Group is able to capture planning. – 92.5% of Irkutskenergo consolidated opportunities arising from its world class At the same time, our Energy segment – Dams previously leased by Irkutskenergo assets and scale. operates the largest and the most acquired The Group’s Metals segment has a cost-efficient network of power plants in – Debt portfolio proactively managed – over well-diversified sales platform which the Siberian region, which allows it to USD 2.5 bn debt refinanced at lower rates with allows it to efficiently access and efficiently and reliably cater to its core longer tenor operate in all key aluminium markets clients in Siberia, including the largest – New long-term power supply agreements including the United States, Western smelters operated by our Metals 2010 between EuroSibEnergo, Irkutskenergo and Europe, Japan and South East
Recommended publications
  • Sustainability Report 2017
    SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2017 A L L O W FOR A BETTER FUTURE WARNING CONTENTS The information presented in this Sustainability Report Shareholders and potential investors should be About the company 6 Environment protection only reflects the Company’s position during the review aware that the information presented in this Sustainability Land and biodiversity 88 period from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017 (the Report (save for this Warning) does not take into account Corporate governance Water resources 92 “Review Period”) pursuant to the requirements of the Rules the OFAC Sanctions or any potential impact, which the Corporate governance system 16 Energy consumption 96 Governing the Listing of Securities on the Stock Exchange OFAC Sanctions may have on the Company or the Group. Management bodies 17 Air emissions 100 of Hong Kong Limited (the “Listing Rules”) (unless oth- Accordingly, the information presented in this Sustaina- Internal control 20 Climate Change 104 erwise specified). Accordingly, all forward-looking state- bility Report (save for this Warning), including but not lim- Risk management system 25 Waste 110 ments, analyses, reviews, commentaries and risks pre- ited to all forward-looking statements, analyses, reviews, Ethics and human rights 30 Investments in environmental protection 116 sented in this Sustainability Report (save for this Warning) commentaries and risks, does not necessarily reflect the are based upon the information of the Company covering latest position (financial or otherwise) of the Group. Given Performance management Work safety the Reporting Period only and not thereafter. the global nature of the business of the Group, the inter- Quality Management System 36 Management system 120 national politico-economic dimension of the OFAC Sanc- Main results in 2017 38 Approach 124 Shareholders and potential investors should be tions, and the potential cross-jurisdictional implications UC RUSAL Business System 42 Actions 130 aware that on 6 April 2018, the Office of Foreign Assets of the OFAC Sanctions, this matter is continually evolving.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Social Values Characteristics of Various Demographic Groups of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
    Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 9 (2017 10) 1308-1326 ~ ~ ~ УДК 304.444; 316.752 Ecological Social Values Characteristics of Various Demographic Groups of the Krasnoyarsk Territory Maria I. Bukova, Anastasia V. Kistova* and Natalia N. Pimenova Siberian Federal University 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia Received 14.07.2017, received in revised form 08.08.2017, accepted 21.08.2017 The main areas of topical researches in the field of ecological values of various social groups, their influence on pro-environmental behavior and connection with environmental knowledge in Russia and other countries are studied in the article. The existing ecological situation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is identified. The results of practical studies that reveal the contradictory nature of the value orientations of various demographic groups in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are considered. Conclusions about the current situation of this field of knowledge in the largest region of Siberia – both in the scientific community and in the public sphere are made. Keywords: ecological social values, pro-environmental behavior, ecological situation, demographic groups, the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The reported study was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Government of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Krasnoyarsk Region Science and Technology Support Fund to the research project № 17-16-24601. DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0138. Research area: сulturology. Introduction A detailed review of the development stages Environmental values studies are directly of various models of pro-environmental behavior related to the problems of climate change and in American science starting from the middle scientists’ attempts to develop ways of shaping of the 20th century is given in the work by Anja the population’s pro-environmental behavior, that Kollmuss and Julian Agyeman, who reveal a is, the responsible attitude of each person to the gap between the environmental knowledge, environment, manifested in appropriate actions.
    [Show full text]
  • DISCOVER URAL Ekaterinburg, 22 Vokzalnaya Irbit, 2 Proletarskaya Street Sysert, 51, Bykova St
    Alapayevsk Kamyshlov Sysert Ski resort ‘Gora Belaya’ The history of Kamyshlov is an The only porcelain In winter ‘Gora Belaya’ becomes one of the best skiing Alapayevsk, one of the old town, interesting by works in the Urals, resort holidays in Russia – either in the quality of its ski oldest metallurgical its merchants’ houses, whose exclusive faience runs, the service quality or the variety of facilities on centres of the region, which are preserved until iconostases decorate offer. You can rent cross-country skis, you can skate or dozens of churches around where the most do snowtubing, you can visit a swimming-pool or do rope- honorable industrial nowadays. The main sight the world, is a most valid building of the Middle 26 of Kamyshlov is two-floored 35 reason to visit the town of 44 climbing park. In summer there is a range of active sports Urals stands today, is Pokrovsky cathedral Sysert. You can go to the to do – carting, bicycling and paintball. You can also take inseparably connected (1821), founded in honor works with an excursion and the lifter to the top of Belaya Mountain. with the names of many of victory over Napoleon’s try your hand at painting 180 km from Ekaterinburg, 1Р-352 Highway faience pieces. You can also extend your visit with memorial great people. The elegant Trinity Church was reconstructed army. Every august the jazz festival UralTerraJazz, one of the through the settlement of Uraletz by the direction by the renowned architect M.P. Malakhov, and its burial places of industrial history – the dam and the workshop 53 top-10 most popular open-air fests in Russia, takes place in sign ‘Gora Belaya’ + 7 (3435) 48-56-19, gorabelaya.ru vaults serve as a shelter for the Romanov Princes – the Kamyshlov.
    [Show full text]
  • WORLD DISTRIBUTION of THUNDERSTORM DAYS PART I: TABLES Supplement No
    \jV IVI 0 ~I TP,6 WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION METEOROLOGIQUE MONDIALE,J,: f Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organblation Secretariat de l'Organis~tion M~teorologique Mondiale S;L" t.) ~ IJ, f Geneva • Switzerland Geneve • Smsse I ff. WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF THUNDERSTORM DAYS PART I: TABLES Supplement No. I REPARTITION . MONDIALE DES JOURS D'ORAGE Ire PARTIE: TABLEAUX Supplement N° I PRICE/PRIX: Sw. fr./Fr.s. 2.- WMO IOMM • No. 21. TP. 6 1956 - 3 - INT ROD UCT ION This supplement contains data from 245 stations in the U.S.S.R., received since the main volume was published in July 1953. Further sup­ plementswill be issued if and when data from other countries are received in the Secretariat. An explanation of the tables will be found in the In­ troduction to the original publication "World Distribution of Thunderstonn ll Days - Part 1 : Tables , WMO - No. 21. TP. 6, copies of which are avail­ able from the WMO Secretariat, Price Sw. fr. 9.-. 1 NT ROD UCT ION Ce supplement contient des renseignements sur 245 stations de l'U.R.S.S. regus depuis la publication, en juillet 1953, du volume prin­ cipal. D'autres supplements seront publies au fur et a mesure que des donnees d'autres pays seront communiquees au Secretariat. On trouvera l'explication des tableaux dans l'introduction a la publication originale ll "RepartitioD mondiale des j ours d' orage - lere Partie : Tableaux , OMM­ N° 21. TP.6, dont les exemplaires peuvent etre obtenus au Secretariat de l'OMM au prix de : fr. s·.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide Book Geoecological Educational Training in Khakasia
    TOMSK POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY L.P. Rikhvanov, Е.G. Jazikov, S.I. Arbuzov, L.M. Bolsunovskaya, I.A. Matveenko GUIDE BOOK GEOECOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL TRAINING IN KHAKASIA Tutorial Tomsk Polytechnic University Publishing House 2008 UDK 55+502.4(075.8) Р50 Rikhvanov L.P. Р50 Guide Book – Geoecological Educational Training in Khakasia: tutorial / L.P. Rikhvanov, Е.G. Jazikov, S.I. Arbuzov, L.M. Bol- sunovskaya, I.A. Matveenko. Тоmsk: Publishing house of TPU, 2008. 80 p. This tutorial briefly describes main geoecological educational training conduc- tion materials for students from Geoecological Department. Basing on natural and mining – industrial systems this tutorial reveals Geoecological problems of mineral lakes, extractive and processing ore – mining industries and also the attention was paid to the waste fields. The tutorial was prepared by Geoecology and Geochemistry Department, Tomsk Polytechnic University and is intended for students of specialty 013600 “Ge- oecology” (code 020804 in ОКSО-2003). UDK55+502.4(075.8) Recommended for publishing by Publishing council of Tomsk Polytechnic University Reviewers Doctor of Technical Science, professor of TPU А.М. Adam Candidate of Pedagogical Science, associate professor, Head of Foreign Language Department in Engineering and Technology of TPU N.A. Kachalov Candidate of Historical Science, associate professor, Head of English Language Department in Natural and Physical-Mathematical Science of Tomsk State University V.М. Smokotin © Tomsk Polytechnic University, 2008 © Rikhvanov L.P., Jazikov Е.G., Arbuzov S.I., Bolsunovskaya L.M., Matveenko I.A., 2008 © Design. Tomsk Polytechnic University Publishing House, 2008 CONTENT INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 1. GEOECOLOGICAL REGION OF EDUCATIONAL TRAINING. GENERAL GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC .................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Single-Industry Areas, Socio-Economic Development Based on Cluster Approach
    Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 128 International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2020) Industrial Single-Industry Areas, Socio-Economic Development Based on Cluster Approach A N Bikineeva1, O N Nedzelsky2, E N Bulakina2 1GAOU VO"Khakas state University", Russian Federation, Abakan 2Federal STATE Autonomous educational institution, "Siberian Federal University" Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The article presents research, socio-economic development of coal-mining areas of the Republic of Khakassia. It is proved that the increasing economic changes, overcoming the crisis phenomena of increasing variability of organizational and technological systems, determine the need to develop new methodological approaches to the assessment of the most important areas of specialization of the industrial region - the coal mining industry. As a priority direction in the process of industry diversification, the authors consider the cluster approach that contributes to the development of industrial areas. Newly created business entities can become a source of new jobs, tax revenues to the budget of single-profile territories. Currently, the project of development of polycentric Abakan-Montenegrin agglomeration is promising. The presence and nature of interaction is manifested in the intensity of labor and economic migration (labor and capital) between settlements. Particular attention is paid to the control of the implementation of innovation-oriented management strategy,
    [Show full text]
  • Hygienic Assessment of Foods Quality and Safety Within the Territory of the Khakas Republic1
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE В мире научных открытий, Том 9, №3, 2017 19 DOI: 10.12731/wsd-2017-3-19-24 UDC 613.2 HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF FOODS QUALITY AND SAFETY WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF THE KHAKAS REPUBLIC1 Kondrashova E.A. The paper presents the results of the research within the territory of the Khakas Republic of foods in terms of chemical safety indicators. The rate of non-oncogenic risk in relation to food consumption was determined as well as the analysis of alimentary-dependent diseases levels was carried out. A num- ber of suggestions aimed at reducing dietary risk factors were made. Keywords: foods; alimentary-dependent pathology rate; nitrates; chemical safety; risk assessment; contaminant exposure; danger coefficient. Г И Г И Е Н И Ч Е С К А Я О Ц Е Н К А К АЧ Е С Т ВА И БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПрОдуктов питания НА ТЕрриторИИ рЕСПуБлИКИ Хакасия Кондрашова Е.А. В статье отражены результаты исследований на территории Ре- спублики Хакасия продуктов питания по показателям химической без- опасности. Установлена величина неканцерогенного риска в связи с по- треблением пищевых продуктов. Приведен анализ уровней алиментарно- зависимой заболеваемости. Изложены предложения по снижению али- ментарных факторов риска. Ключевые слова: продукты питания; алиментарно-зависимая забо- леваемость; нитраты; химическая безопасность; оценка риска; экспо- зиция контаминантом; коэффициент опасности. 1 Кондрашова Е.А. Гигиеническая оценка качества и безопасности продуктов питания на территории Республики Хакасия // В мире научных открытий, 2016. № 3(75). С. 20–26. doi:10.12731/wsd-2016-3-2. 20 Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture, Vol 9, №3, 2017 Environment, diet as well as lifestyle are considered to be significant fac- tors to affect public health.
    [Show full text]
  • The State of Bitcoin Mining in Russia
    The State of Bitcoin Mining in Russia 1 The State of Bitcoin Mining in Russia CONTRIBUTORS RESEARCH TEAM John Lee Quigley​ is the Lead Author of this report and the Director of Research at HASHR8. John leads all Bitcoin mining research initiatives. Whitney Gibbs​ is the CEO at HASHR8, and co-founder of the Compass Bitcoin mining and hosting platform. Thomas Heller​ is the COO at HASHR8, and co-founder of the Compass Bitcoin mining and hosting platform. Paul Gosker​ is the Lead Developer at HASHR8, and co-founder of the Compass Bitcoin mining and hosting platform. CONTRIBUTORS This report would not have been possible without the contributions of leading professionals in the Russian mining industry. Thank you to​ Igor Runets ​(CEO of BitRiver), ​Max Matrenitski​ (CEO of Cyberian Mine), ​Jahon​ ​Khabilov​ (CEO of Sigmapool), ​Artem Eremin​ (Founder of Chilkoot), ​Didar Behbauov​ (Founder of Xive),​ Alan Dorjiyev​ (Head of Data Center Association of Kazakhstan), and ​Darek Piotrowski​ (COO of 2Miners). 2 The State of Bitcoin Mining in Russia ABSTRACT By some estimates, Russian miners rank among the top-three countries in terms of their contribution to the Bitcoin network hashrate. We analyze the dynamics underpinning the Russian Bitcoin mining industry. Russia’s Siberian region houses the dominant share of the country’s mining facilities. A significant energy surplus from advanced hydropower infrastructure in the region enables miners to secure extremely competitive electricity rates. A federal law passed in 2020 clearly defines Bitcoin mining as an economic activity but will require entities to operate in a specific manner. Mining hardware that will be used for proprietary mining must be owned in the name of a foreign entity.
    [Show full text]
  • Siberian Expectations: an Overview of Regional Forest Policy and Sustainable Forest Management
    Siberian Expectations: An Overview of Regional Forest Policy and Sustainable Forest Management July 2003 World Forest Institute Portland, Oregon, USA Authors: V.A. Sokolov, I.M. Danilin, I.V. Semetchkin, S.K. Farber,V.V. Bel'kov,T.A. Burenina, O.P.Vtyurina,A.A. Onuchin, K.I. Raspopin, N.V. Sokolova, and A.S. Shishikin Editors: A. DiSalvo, P.Owston, and S.Wu ABSTRACT Developing effective forest management brings universal challenges to all countries, regardless of political system or economic state. The Russian Federation is an example of how economic, social, and political issues impact development and enactment of forest legislation. The current Forest Code of the Russian Federation (1997) has many problems and does not provide for needed progress in the forestry sector. It is necessary to integrate economic, ecological and social forestry needs, and this is not taken into account in the Forest Code. Additionally, excessive centralization in forest management and the forestry economy occurs. This manuscript discusses the problems facing the forestry sector of Siberia and recommends solutions for some of the major ones. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Research for this book was supported by a grant from the International Research and Exchanges Board with funds provided by the Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs, a division of the United States Department of State. Neither of these organizations are responsible for the views expressed herein. The authors would particularly like to recognize the very careful and considerate reviews, including many detailed editorial and language suggestions, made by the editors – Angela DiSalvo, Peyton Owston, and Sara Wu. They helped to significantly improve the organization and content of this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Particulate Organic Carbon and Total Suspended Matter Fluxes from the Ob and Yenisei Rivers Into the Kara Sea (Siberia)
    Marine Geology 207 (2004) 225–245 www.elsevier.com/locate/margeo Recent particulate organic carbon and total suspended matter fluxes from the Ob and Yenisei Rivers into the Kara Sea (Siberia) A.C. Gebhardta,*, B. Gaye-Haakeb, D. Ungerc, N. Lahajnarb, V. Ittekkotc a Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstraße, Postfach 120161, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany b Institute for Biogeochemistry and Marine Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany c Centre for Marine Tropical Ecology, Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany Received 17 June 2003; received in revised form 19 December 2003; accepted 18 March 2004 Abstract The Ob and Yenisei Rivers account for more than one-third of the total fresh water supply to the Arctic Ocean. In the past, their sediment load and particulate organic carbon (POC) discharge into the Kara Sea has been measured at stations in the hinterland far south of the estuaries. Suspended matter has been sampled in the estuaries and southern Kara Sea within the framework of the joint Russian–German ‘‘SIRRO’’ program (Siberian River Run-Off), allowing a reliable new estimate of fluxes from the rivers into the Kara Sea. Our estimates of annual supplies of sediment (3.76 Â 106 t), particulate organic carbon (0.27 Â 106 t) and particulate nitrogen (PN) (0.027 Â 106 t) from the Ob River to the Kara Sea are lower than earlier estimates from the northernmost gauging station in the hinterland due to deposition of particulate matter in the Ob Bay. On the other hand, our estimates of the Yenisei’s annual sediment (5.03 Â 106 t), particulate organic carbon (0.57 Â 106 t) and particulate nitrogen (0.084 Â 106 t) supplies to the Kara Sea are probably too high, as they suggest a pure bypass system in the investigated area.
    [Show full text]
  • Subject of the Russian Federation)
    How to use the Atlas The Atlas has two map sections The Main Section shows the location of Russia’s intact forest landscapes. The Thematic Section shows their tree species composition in two different ways. The legend is placed at the beginning of each set of maps. If you are looking for an area near a town or village Go to the Index on page 153 and find the alphabetical list of settlements by English name. The Cyrillic name is also given along with the map page number and coordinates (latitude and longitude) where it can be found. Capitals of regions and districts (raiony) are listed along with many other settlements, but only in the vicinity of intact forest landscapes. The reader should not expect to see a city like Moscow listed. Villages that are insufficiently known or very small are not listed and appear on the map only as nameless dots. If you are looking for an administrative region Go to the Index on page 185 and find the list of administrative regions. The numbers refer to the map on the inside back cover. Having found the region on this map, the reader will know which index map to use to search further. If you are looking for the big picture Go to the overview map on page 35. This map shows all of Russia’s Intact Forest Landscapes, along with the borders and Roman numerals of the five index maps. If you are looking for a certain part of Russia Find the appropriate index map. These show the borders of the detailed maps for different parts of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainability R Eport 2018
    Sustainability Report 2018 Sustainability Report Positive matters En+ Group Sustainability Report 2018 ABOUT THE REPORT GRI 102-5 102-32 102-45 About the 102-48 102-49 102-50 Report 102-51 102-52 102-54 The 2018 En+ Sustainability Report (hereinafter This is the Company’s first Sustainability Report The Health, Safety, and Environment Committee referred to as the “Sustainability Report” since listing on the London Stock Exchange (the “HSE Committee”) of the Board and or the “Report”) is a comprehensive review which demonstrates En+ Group's commitment the Board itself have reviewed and approved of the Company’s progress and achievements to transparency by providing a comprehensive the Sustainability Report to ensure that all in sustainable development. disclosure of important non-financial material topics have been covered. information on an annual basis. By publishing Whilst En+ Group included a section this Sustainability Report, En+ Group highlights This Sustainability Report covers the period on Sustainable Development in its 2018 Annual its commitment to transparency with all its from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018 Report, the Company has now made the decision stakeholders and investors around the most and, in certain instances, discloses significant to publish a separate Report dedicated entirely material environmental, social and governance sustainability events during first six months to sustainability to reflect the Board's focus (“ESG”) issues. of 2019. It has been prepared in accordance on this area. with the Global Reporting Initiative The Company understands that providing (“GRI”) Standards: Core option, including regular information on the economic, the Mining & Metals and Electric Utilities Sector governance, social and environmental aspects supplements, as this is the most widely used of its business to internal and external standard for sustainability reports worldwide stakeholders, and receiving their feedback, and the Board considers the GRI standards is central to building stable and sustainable relevant to the Company’s operations.
    [Show full text]