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Message Based Analysis on Signaling System Number 7 and Its Comparison with Multi- Frequency Coded Signaling

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Message Based Analysis on Signaling System Number 7 and Its Comparison with Multi- Frequency Coded Signaling DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, JANUARY 2012 15 MESSAGE BASED ANALYSIS ON SIGNALING SYSTEM NUMBER 7 AND ITS COMPARISON WITH MULTI- FREQUENCY CODED SIGNALING Md. Shah Alam1 and Mohammad Rezaul Huque Khan2* Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: A message based comparative study (і) Basic call setup, management, and tear between signaling system #7(SS7) and MFC Signaling down. is done. Here the limitations of SS7 and MFC (ii) Wireless services such as Personal signaling are also studied. The reasons for the transition from Multi-frequency Coded (MFC) Communications Services (PCS), wireless Signaling to SS7 has been discussed. roaming, and mobile subscriber authentication. Keywords: Common Channel Signaling No.7 (CCS7), R2 (iii) Local Number Portability (LNP). Signaling or Multi-frequency Coded (MFC) Signalin and, (iv) Toll-free (800/888) and toll (900) wireline SS7 message. services. (v) Enhanced call features such as call 1. Introduction waiting, call forwarding, calling party The over increasing demand of name/number display/ restriction/rejection, telecommunication in the world wide and three-way calling. significantly involves telecommunication (vi) Interaction with Network Databases and signaling systems. The Common Channel Service Control Points (SCP) for service Signaling no.7 is usually termed as Signaling control. System No.7 (SS7). The purpose of this paper is (vii) Handling congestion and priorities. to study the signaling systems R2 or MFC, SS7 (viii) Efficient and secure worldwide [1], to find the limitations of the above signaling telecommunications. system, analysis of the signaling systems (R2 SS7 started to make inroads in the 1980‟s and SS7) on the basis of their message format. because it was a major technological advance. It An overall comparison between the two systems was a fully digital technology running at the then has been studied. This paper also focuses on the blazing speed of 64,000 bps (versus no more transition of MFC to SS7. than 30 bps for tone-based signaling). Messages which had previously been limited to a few digits 2. Common Channel Signaling No. 7 in length could now be over 200 bytes long. Common Channel Signaling System No. 7 (i.e., Signaling messages were no longer transmitted SS7 or C7) is a global standard for „in-band‟ (within the voice circuit), so they telecommunications defined by the International could be exchanged with network elements that Telecommunication Union (ITU) did not have voice trunks, allowing the Telecommunication Standardization Sector development of services such as 1-800, the intelligent network (IN) [5] and wireless (ITU-T). The standard defines the procedures mobility management. and protocol by which network elements in the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 3. R2 Signaling exchange information over a digital signaling R2 signaling was known originally as MFC network to effect wireless (cellular) and wireline signaling [3]. It was developed cooperatively by call setup, routing and control [2, 3, 4]. The SS7 European telecommunication equipment network and protocol are used for: manufacturers and the European conference of Date of submission : 25. 04. 2010 Date of acceptance : 30. 05. 2011 16 MESSAGE BASED ANALYSIS ON SIGNALING SYSTEM NUMBER 7 AND ITS COMPARISON WITH MULTI-FREQUENCY CODED ... postal and telecommunications administrations signaling. (ii) R2 signaling cannot be used on (usually represented as CEPT), and was Time Assignment Speech Interpolation (TASI) introduced in the 1960s. It is still used in many equipped trunks. (iii) It is more costly to national networks in Europe, Latin America, interface the MF registers and line signaling Australia, and Asia. Although R2 signaling has hardware for the individual trunks used in R2 been defined in ITU-T Q.400-Q.490 signaling. (iv)The transfer of additional signaling recommendations [6], there are many variations information for processing a call is not possible in how R2 is implemented. The R2 signaling is in case of R2 signaling. So MFC or R2 signaling an international signaling system that transmits does not provide the requirements to meet the numerical and other information relating to the new and future challenges [3]. called and the calling subscribers' lines. There 4.2 Limitations of SS7 Signaling are two elements of R2 Signaling. They are Line Signaling (supervisory signals) and Inter-register Some of the major restrictions with SS7 are: (i) Signaling (call setup/control signals) [7, 8]. Link speed and capacity, message size, addressing, international routing [12]. (ii) The 3.1 Line Signaling size of a single data packet must be less than R2 line signaling is a family of protocols which about 250 bytes. (iii) Lack of seamless govern the resource acquisition and resource international operation, unlike the TCP/IP release related to a two-party telephone call protocol used on the internet and the basic attempt and, if successful, the establishment of a addressing method, the point code, stops at a two-party telephone call. Although in the 1960s country boundary, etc [13]. R2 line signaling was represented as electrical pulses on a two-wire or four-wire circuit, by the 5. Message Based Analysis of the Signaling latter 1970s these analog electrical pulses also System (R2 & Ss7) could be represented in digital form by a A message based analysis on SS7 signaling signaling DS0 (usually known as frame format system and R2 signaling system is presented of American first-order digital multiplex) in the here. Usually SS7 mainly deals with ISUP trunk, which is normally channel 16 in an E1(a signaling i.e., Integrated Services user part frame contains 32 eight-bit time slots defined by signaling. There are some basic differences CEPT) trunk [9]. between these two systems (R2 and SS7) in their 3.2 Register Signaling message format and how the signaling is done. An SS7 message format (ISUP TRACE) [14] R2 register signaling is a family of protocols and an R2 message format (R2 TRACE) [14] is which govern the conveyance of addressing given below for example. From the analysis of information during the addressing phase and how ISUP traces it is shown that there are three types the call attempt turned out during the disposition of codes included in ISUP message format. phase. Although in the 1960s R2 register These are originating point code (OPC), signaling was represented by electromechanical destination point code (DPC), and circuit devices which could generate multi-frequency identification code (CIC) and they are audio tones and by electromechanical devices represented in hexadecimal number. The CIC which could detect those audio tones, by the identifies a trunk within a trunk group. The CIC latter 1970s these electromechanical registers field has a length of 12 bits, and thus can identify also could be represented by digitized Pulse trunks in groups of up to 4095 trunks. When an Code Modulation (PCM) audio in DS0 channels ISUP message is sent or received, it contains of an E1 other than the R2 line signaling DS0 in these codes. But in case of R2 messages it that E1 [10]. contains only the destination point code. For this reason a R2 signal message does not contain its 4. Limitations caller ID. In case of R2 message it is also 4.1 Limitations of R2 Signaling observed that it conveys two types of signal, one Some of the major limitations of R2 signaling is forward signal (FS) and another is backward are (i) much slower than common channel signal (BS). On the other hand ISUP message DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, JANUARY 2012 17 consists of initial address message (IAM), RLC 00 subsequent address messages (SAM), address REL_REASON = NORMAL CALL complete message (ACM), answer message CLEARING (ANM), release message (REL), release complete message (RLC), and many other 5.2 An R2 Message Format message parts. The different parts of the message R2 TRACE contain different types of signaling information TRC-R2: RTE=601; (SI). M8430 R2 SIGNALING TRACE The transfer of additional signaling information for processing a call is most necessary. This is TRC_TYPE = RTE possible only in case of SS7. In ISUP message, RTE_NO = 601 many signaling information just like call COUNT =100 origination, trunk type, call start time, end time RESULT =OK and the release of call is also mentioned in the REASON =TRACE RAG OK message. In case of R2 signaling the transfer of M8430 R2 SIGNALING TRACE additional signaling information is not provided. TRC_MODE=RTE-ALL TRC_CNT=001/100 5.1 An SS7 Message Format: RTE_NO =0601 ASP_NO=00 ISUP TRACE TRK_NO=0130 R2_NO=014 FS_CNT=08 BS_CNT=08 TRC-ISUP: RTE 700; S/R=RECEIVER SIG_TIME=2064MSEC M8480 ISUP SIGNALING TRACE FS=03 10 10 10 10 10 02 04 xx xx xx xx xx RESULT =OK BS=01 01 01 01 01 01 03 06 xx xx xx xx xx ITEM ASP TI LNK TRK S_TRK E_TRK RTE ** ****** ** **** **** **** 6. Transition from MFC To SS7 RTE CNT TRC_TYPE There are several reasons for the move from MFC to SS7.These are faster call setup times 700 100 ALL (compared to in-band signaling using MF signaling tones).The speed of operation results in M8480 ISUP SIGNALING TRACE (1/100) reduced post-dialing delays and consequently, ITEM ASP TI LNK TRK S_TRK E_TRK this allows the sending of an increased number RTE 0 ***** ** 34 **** **** of signals for additional customer services. RTE CALL S_TIME E_TIME TRC_TYPE Complex messages, instead of simple signals, allow SS7 to offer more services and increased 700 OGT 13:43:34 13:43:40 ALL flexibility to meet new and future service OPC DPC CIC requirements. More efficient use of voice NAT/H‟ OcOf NAT/H’0001 H’0002 circuits, especially on international or long distance calls, where the voice channel is only MSG DIR DATA ------- ----- --------------------- occupied when the called party is available.
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