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N13 Fullversion Oct2017.Pdf Fabio G. Nigra Secretaria de Redacción: Valeria L. Carbone Comité Editorial: Aimé Olguin Ana Lojo Bárbara Gudaitis Darío Martini Gabriel Matelo Leandro della Mora Leandro Morgenfeld Leonardo Patacini Malena López Palmero Mariana Mastrángelo Mariana Piccinelli Martha de Cuntho Valeria L. Carbone Comité Académico: Carmen Manuel, Universidad de Valencia (España) María Graciela Abarca, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Margara Averbach, Universidad de Buenos Aires (Arg.) Michael Hannahan, University of Massachussetts (USA). Norberto Barreto, Universidad del Pacífico (Perú) Jorge Hernández Martínez, Centro de Estudios Hemisféricos y sobre Estados Unidos de la Universidad de La Habana (Cuba) “Gire a la Derecha” Graciela Iuorno, Universidad Nacional del Comahue (Arg.) #13 / Octubre 2017 Robson Laverdi, Universidade Estadual Do Paraná huellasdeeua.com.ar ISSN 1853-6506 (Brasil) Marcos Fábio Freire Montysuma, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Brasil) Pablo Pozzi, Universidad de Buenos Aires (Arg.) Marc Stern, Bentley University (USA) TABLA DE CONTENIDOS 11. Entrevista de Laura Carpineta a Valeria L. Carbone “Estados Unidos está construido sobre un racismo estructural” ........................................... 141 Editorial Fabio G. Nigra | “¿Es Trump el 12. Andrés Sebastián Diz Unidad y disgregación culpable?” .......................................................................... 2 de América Latina, entre 1809 y 1903 ............... 148 1. Inés Alberico Make America Great Again!: el Reseñas y Ensayos Bibliográficos ......................... 148 eslogan de la victoria .................................................... 6 13. Federico A. Sena Prisioneros del sueño 2. Michael H. Hunt La ideología en la política americano ..................................................................... 154 exterior de Estados Unidos durante el siglo XX . 27 14. Anabella Gluj Lucha de clases y desarrollo 3. Roberto A. Ferrero Alaska y el Expansionismo del capitalismo en los Estados Unidos. Debates y Ruso en Hispanoamérica ........................................... 77 contribuciones del Marxismo Político ................ 159 4. Entrevista de la periodista Lisa Howard al Fidel Castro Ruz “La revolución no es tarea de un hombre, es tarea de un pueblo.” ........................ 83 5. Entrevista de la periodista Lisa Howard a Ernesto “Che” Guevara Sobre la base de los principios, la normalización de las relaciones con Estados Unidos sería ideal para nosotros ............ 89 6. Márgara Averbach La escuela como institución total en poemas de Louise Erdrich, Jo Whitehorse Cochrane, Janet Campbell Hale y Simon Ortiz .................................................................. 101 LOS INDESEABLES -Estudios sobre minorías silenciadas ................................................................... 123 7. Yohuru Williams Bye Bye Beauregard: Poniendo al pasado Confederado en su lugar . 124 8. Valeria L. Carbone Charlottesville: Historia de racismo y supremacía blanca ............................... 128 9. Ana L. Bochicchio ¿Qué piensan los supremacistas blancos norteamericanos? ....... 132 10. Pablo A. Pozzi El Ku Klux Klan y el capitalismo .................................................................. 136 |#13 | Gire a la Derecha| Web site: www.huellasdeeua.com.ar 1 ISSN: 1853-6506 es la naturaleza del sistema político Editorial norteamericano actual?”; sin perjuicio de que a lo largo de todas las ediciones, con artículos particulares, entrevistas o notas Fabio G. Nigra | de opinión, hemos intentado poner en “¿Es Trump el culpable?” evidencia la problemática del racismo, la discriminación, el avance de la derecha más dura y el supremacismo blanco. Estos, Ojos bien vendados tengamos claro, no son más que epifenómenos, con un hilo estructurante Si efectuáramos un seguimiento de los que no hemos podido poner a la vista. temas abordados y los editoriales de esta revista, podría observarse que, aunque en En el final del Editorial del número 10, de forma fraccionada, desde el colectivo que abril de 2016, Pozzi se preguntaba: participa en Huellas de Estados Unidos se ha “¿Cómo interpretar un mundo que ha venido advirtiendo que lo que está cambiado profundamente con sucediendo en dicho país desde la asunción categorías y modelos que datan de una de Donald Trump no es una sorpresa. era anterior a la trasnacionalización? En realidad nuestro desafío es repensar y Por caso, en el número 1 (Mayo, 2011) el reinterpretar para poder sugerir artículo de Costas Lapavitsas sobre la políticas públicas acordes con las financiarización de los procesos nuevas realidades y necesidades de económicos y la captura de los ahorros de nuestra época.” los trabajadores por la clase dominante de impronta financiera. O en el número 4 En el editorial siguiente, correspondiente al (Marzo, 2013), dedicado en gran parte a las número 11 (Octubre, 2016), poco antes de perspectivas del segundo mandato de las elecciones presidenciales, propuse para Barack Obama, en donde los argumentos e finalizar la siguiente disyuntiva: ideas de los participantes no se alejó mucho “En pocas palabras, la crisis económica de lo que efectivamente sucedió con la incidió en gran medida sobre la práctica economía norteamericana (que mantuvo su política desde el 2008 de la manera en debilidad endógena), pero más aún, en el que se hierve una rana viva: se la coloca artículo de Valeria L. Carbone en el que en agua fría y se la va calentando explica cómo se financian las campañas lentamente. Muy posiblemente Donald electorales luego de que la Corte Suprema Trump no pueda escapar de la eliminara las restricciones a los aportes disyuntiva que propone el desarrollo del monetarios poco transparentes. O en el mercado mundial, pero a diferencia de número 9 (Octubre, 2015), con un Hillary, es consciente de que gran parte inquietante artículo de Pablo A. Pozzi, que de la ciudadanía se ha dado cuenta, y que quiere saltar de la olla. Lo que vaya nos advierte ya desde su título: “¿Del a hacer si gana Trump es un misterio, absolutismo capitalista al fascismo?: ¿cuál |#13 | Gire a la Derecha | Web site: www.huellasdeeua.com.ar 2 ISSN: 1853-6506 pero es seguro el camino que seguirá de identificación (en un país en que no se Hillary.” (Fabio Nigra) pide el documento para casi nada), menores posibilidades del voto joven y menores Puede advertirse que de alguna forma nos lugares de votación. Pero además, los preguntamos algo parecido. Y al día de hoy republicanos han arrebatado ciudades y seguimos sin certezas. pueblos al partido Demócrata porque éste, Hace pocos días Pablo Pozzi y el que escribe durante la gestión de Obama, dejó de estuvimos reunidos en un bar hablando de prestarles atención, para concentrar poder política. Desde perspectivas ideológicas y focalizarse en los grandes centros claramente diferentes, acordamos más de lo urbanos. En otras palabras, Estados Unidos que hubiéramos imaginado, en profunda está fortaleciendo la tensión campo-ciudad, sintonía con la pregunta que efectuó y ha y por ende, la reacción ideológica por el sido citada precedentemente: ¿qué es lo que desempleo y la pauperización de los no podemos ver? Los artículos citados, y asalariados. muchos otros de nuestra revista tienen Asimismo, el éxito electoral debe una parte parte de la respuesta, pero creemos que aún difícilmente cuantificable, pero no menor, no hemos logrado una síntesis unificadora. en el uso de las “nuevas herramientas” de comunicación. Como dice Mike Davis: El cómodo conformismo de no preguntar “Y como un horrorizado David Brooks enfatizó, éstas fueron las primeras El triunfo de Donald Trump se produjo, en elecciones de la ‘postverdad’, gran medida, por el voto de ciudadanos de surrealísticamente inundadas en las mentiras de Trump, noticias falsas clase media empobrecida o clase obrera manufacturadas en Macedonia, invasión pauperizada, por una parte. Por otra, de chateos-robot, ‘dark posts’ en gracias a una hábil campaña llevada a cabo Facebook, mensajes cifrados para en más de un frente. Es decir, la ingeniería públicos target (dog whisties), teorías de electoral en estado puro, por cuanto los la conspiración y un mortal goteo de republicanos han hecho hincapié en revelaciones de correos hackeados.”1 construir de abajo para arriba, arrebatándole de a poco escaños a los Hace años venimos reiterando que el demócratas en legislaturas estaduales y mundo tiende a una concentración gobernaciones: hoy hay 26 estados económica, que implica no solamente triplemente republicanos, ya que es de este transformaciones materiales, sino también partido el gobernador y las dos legislaturas. sociales, políticas y culturales. Lo que Ciertamente, en un contexto en donde se 1 Mike Davis. “El Gran Dios Trump y la clase obrera restringe cada vez más el derecho al voto blanca”, en http: //www.sinpermiso.info/textos/el-gran- desde las legislaturas locales y estaduales. dios-trum-y-la-clase-obrera-blanca; obtenido de Por caso, para 2016 ya eran 14 las nuevas https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/02/the-great-god- trum-and-the-white-working-class/; consultado en normas en vigor, tales como estrictas leyes 29/09/2017. |#13 | Gire a la Derecha| Web site: www.huellasdeeua.com.ar 3 ISSN: 1853-6506 hemos dado en llamar absolutismo2 como programas ómnibus de la tarde, el continuo etapa superadora del imperialismo implica bombardeo de informaciones que cambios en la percepción de la ciudadanía solamente desvirtúan el centro del media. Tal como sostiene Terry Eagleton, problema, la intromisión de los grandes “el mercado es el mejor mecanismo para operadores
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