Voluntary Contribution of the Republic of Serbia to the First Regional Review on the Implementation of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration
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THE AFTERMATH of YUGOSLAV WARS: the BIRTH of ORGANIZED CRIME Bachelor’S Thesis Programme of International Relations
TALLINN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY School of Business and Governance Department of Law Tatu Rajala THE AFTERMATH OF YUGOSLAV WARS: THE BIRTH OF ORGANIZED CRIME Bachelor’s thesis Programme of International Relations Supervisor: Holger Mölder, PhD Tallinn 2019 I hereby declare that I have compiled the paper independently and all works, important standpoints and data by other authors has been properly referenced and the same paper has not been previously presented for grading. The document length is 7663 words from the introduction to the end of conclusion. Tatu Rajala …………………………… (signature, date) Student code: 156098TASB Student e-mail address: [email protected] Supervisor: Holder Mölder, PhD: The paper conforms to requirements in force …………………………………………… (signature, date) Chairman of the Defence Committee: Permitted to the defence ………………………………… (name, signature, date) TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 5 1. THE EVOLUTION OF ORGANIZED CRIME IN WESTERN BALKANS ............................ 7 1.1. Forms of organized crime in the Western Balkans................................................................. 10 1.1.1. Corruption ........................................................................................................................ 10 1.1.2. Illegal smuggling and -
Development Ofmonitoring Instruments Forjudicial and Law
Background Research on Systems and Context on Systems Research Background Development of Monitoring Instruments for Judicial and Law Enforcement institutions in the Western Balkans Background Research on Systems and Context Justice and Home Affairs Statistics in the Western Balkans 2009 - 2011 CARDS Regional Action Programme With funding by the European Commission April 2010 Disclaimers This Report has not been formally edited. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNODC or contributory organizations and neither do they imply any endorsement. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNODC concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Comments on this report are welcome and can be sent to: Statistics and Survey Section United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime PO Box 500 1400 Vienna Austria Tel: (+43) 1 26060 5475 Fax: (+43) 1 26060 7 5475 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.unodc.org 1 Development of Monitoring Instruments for Judicial and Law Enforcement Institutions in the Western Balkans 2009-2011 Background Research on Systems and Context 2 Development of Monitoring Instruments for Judicial and Law Enforcement Institutions in the Western Balkans 2009-2011 Background Research on Systems and Context Justice and Home Affairs Statistics in the Western Balkans April 2010 3 Acknowledgements Funding for this report was provided by the European Commission under the CARDS 2006 Regional Action Programme. This report was produced under the responsibility of Statistics and Surveys Section (SASS) and Regional Programme Office for South Eastern Europe (RPOSEE) of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) based on research conducted by the European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control affiliated with the United Nations (HEUNI) and the International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD). -
Downloading and Recording of Music and Films
Publisher UNICRI Viale Maestri del Lavoro 10, 10127 Turin (Italy) Tel.: +39 011 6537111 Fax: +39 011 6313368 E-mail: [email protected] In cooperation with University of Florence Law School Department of Comparative and Criminal Law and Institute of Comparative Law of Belgrade For the Publisher Sandro Calvani UNICRI Director Design and printing „Dosije“, Belgrade Circulation 500 ISBN 978-86-80059-51-8 The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessary reflect the views of UNICRI. Contents of this report may be quoted or reproduced, provided that the source of information is acknowledged. UNICRI would like to receive a copy of the docu- ment in which this study is used or quoted. THE FIGHT AGAINST ORGANISED CRIME IN SERBIA From the Existing Legislation to a Comprehensive Reform Proposal Belgrade 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACNOWLEDGEMENTS. 11 FOREWORD – Sandro Calvani . 13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 15 METHODOLOGICAL INTRODUCTION – Michele Papa . 21 PART ONE ORGANISED CRIME, CORRUPTION AND TOPICAL ISSUES OF SUBSTANTIVE, PROCEDURAL AND ORGANISATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW Section One INTRODUCTION I. ORGANISED CRIME IN SERBIA AS A PHENOMENON OF RECENT TIMES . 29 1. On Organised Crime in General – M. Grubač . 29 2. Measures Against Organised Crime – M. Grubač. 38 3. Emergence of Organised Crime in Serbia – M. Grubač. 39 4. Developing Awareness of the Increased Social Dangers of Organised Crime – M. Grubač . 41 5. Preparation of Necessary Statutes for Combating Organised Crime– M. Grubač . 43 II. SERBIAN CONFRONTATION WITH ORGANISED CRIME – J. Ćirić. 45 Section Two PROBLEMS OF SUBSTANTIVE CRIMINAL LAW I. GENERAL ISSUES. .. 51 1. On Criminal Offences of Conspiracy to Commit Crime (Article 345 of the Serbian Criminal Code) and Criminal Association (Article 346 of the Serbian Criminal Code – R. -
Rule of Law Challenges in the Western Balkans
Helpdesk Report Rule of law challenges in the Western Balkans Huma Haider Independent consultant 23 October 2018 Question What are the main rule of law challenges in the six countries of the Western Balkans, and to what extent have external donor efforts to support reform been effective? Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Regional challenges 3. Albania 4. Bosnia and Herzegovina 5. Kosovo 6. Macedonia 7. Montenegro 8. Serbia 9. References The K4D helpdesk service provides brief summaries of current research, evidence, and lessons learned. Helpdesk reports are not rigorous or systematic reviews; they are intended to provide an introduction to the most important evidence related to a research question. They draw on a rapid desk- based review of published literature and consultation with subject specialists. Helpdesk reports are commissioned by the UK Department for International Development and other Government departments, but the views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of DFID, the UK Government, K4D or any other contributing organisation. For further information, please contact [email protected]. 1. Executive Summary The rule of law, in its most basic form, is based on the principles that society is governed openly and fairly according to widely known and accepted rules; that no one is above the law, including those in authority; and that justice is accessible to all (Bara and Bara, 2017, 24-25; Mavrikos- Adamou, 2014; Memeti, 2014). A country operates under “rule of law” when it has, among other institutions and services, a legislature that enacts laws in accordance with the constitution and human rights; an independent judiciary; effective and accessible legal services; and a legal system guaranteeing equality before the law (Gome, 2017). -
Corruption in Serbia: BRIBERY AS EXPERIENCED by the POPULATION
Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel.: (+43-1) 26060-0, Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5866, www.unodc.org CORRUPTION IN SERBIA BRIBERY AS EXPERIENCED BY THE POPULATION BRIBERY Corruption in Serbia: BRIBERY AS EXPERIENCED BY THE POPULATION Co-fi nanced by the European Commission UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna CORRUPTION IN SERBIA: BRIBERY AS EXPERIENCED BY THE POPULATION Copyright © 2011, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Acknowledgments This report was prepared by UNODC Statistics and Surveys Section (SASS) and Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia: Field research and data analysis: Dragan Vukmirovic Slavko Kapuran Jelena Budimir Vladimir Sutic Dragana Djokovic Papic Tijana Milojevic Research supervision and report preparation: Enrico Bisogno (SASS) Felix Reiterer (SASS) Michael Jandl (SASS) Serena Favarin (SASS) Philip Davis (SASS) Design and layout: Suzanne Kunnen (STAS) Drafting and editing: Jonathan Gibbons Supervision: Sandeep Chawla (Director, Division of Policy Analysis and Public Affairs) Angela Me (Chief, SASS) The precious contribution of Milva Ekonomi for the development of survey methodology is gratefully acknowledged. This survey was conducted and this report prepared with the financial support of the European Commission and the Government of Norway. Sincere thanks are expressed to Roberta Cortese (European Commission) for her continued support. Disclaimers This report has not been formally edited. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNODC or contributory organizations and neither do they imply any endorsement. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of UNODC concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
World Bank Document
Desk Review of Analytic Work on Justice Reform in Serbia Public Disclosure Authorized Background and Scope The Desk Review of Analytic Work on Justice Reform in Serbia is conducted as a part of the Serbia Judicial Functional Review (JFR) under the umbrella of the Multi-Donor Trust Fund for Justice Sector Support administered by the World Bank. The Desk Review Report is a deliverable of the JFR under Component 2: Performance and Justice Service Delivery: Baseline and Challenges in the Serbian Judicial System. As the integral part of the JFR the Desk Review Report (DRR) shares the same objective, focus and scope as the JFR as identified and outlined in the JFR Concept Note. Therefore, the conducted review of analytic work on justice in Serbia does not provide entire review of all analytical works related to justice Public Disclosure Authorized Serbian judiciary. The DRR rather focuses on the information such work provides on the activity of the Serbian institutions and how the performance of such institutions supports the delivery of justice services by the courts and impacts the reform efforts. Where a question arises as to whether a certain analytical work would be examined under the desk review, the test to be applied will be ‘whether issues analyzed in a specific analytical work relate to the delivery of justice services by the courts in Serbia’. The DRR focuses on information the specific work provides regarding the three areas of performance in terms of justice service delivery: efficiency of service delivery; quality of services delivered, and; access to these services. Special focus is given to any recommendations on future reform activities indicated in the reviewed analytical works. -
1 Executive Summary Following the Country's Recent Political Progress
Executive Summary Following the country’s recent political progress, Serbia’s investment climate is slowly improving. In April 2013, the country signed an agreement to normalize relations with neighboring Kosovo, which paved the way for the January 2014 opening of accession negotiations with the European Union (EU). These developments present a real opportunity for the country to attract new foreign direct investment (FDI), especially as the government moves to align domestic legislation with EU standards and implement other measures to improve the business environment. The Serbian government continues to prioritize investment, especially investment originating from abroad. U.S. investors report positively on doing business in Serbia; they highlight the country’s strategic geographic location, the well-educated and affordable labor force, and the free trade agreements with key markets (including Russia, Turkey, and the EU) as particular appeals. Although there are occasional challenges with bureaucratic delays and corruption, for the most part U.S. investors enjoy a level playing field with their Serbian and foreign competitors. The U.S. Embassy in Belgrade assists investors when issues arise, and Serbian leaders are responsive to our concerns. The March 2014 national elections resulted in Aleksandar Vučić becoming the new Prime Minister, and he has identified economic growth as his top concern. Prime Minister Vučić has promised swift action by his government to resolve a number of long-standing issues related to the country’s slow transition to market-driven capitalism. On the legislative front, the country’s outdated labor, construction permitting, bankruptcy, and privatization laws hinder development of a stronger business environment. -
Public Security Strategic Assessment
REPUBLIC OF SERBIA MINISTRY OF INTERIOR PUBLIC SECURITY STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT PUBLIC VERSION Belgrade, 2017 PUBLIC SECURITY STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT Publisher MINISTRY OF INTERIOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Bulevar Mihajla Pupina 2а, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia website: www.mup.gov.rs, E-mail: [email protected] For publisher Police General VLADIMIR REBIĆ Police Director Working Group for Preparation of the Public Security Strategic Assesment and Strategic Plan of Police Working Group Chairman BOGOLJUB ŽIVKOVIĆ Assistant Police Director Working Group Deputy Chairman BRANISLAV TONČIĆ Deputy Head of the Police Director’s Bureau Members of the Working Group ILIJA RACIĆ, SINIŠA MILKOVIĆ, IVAN BRANDIĆ, OLIVERA ARSENOVIĆ, BOJANA NOŽICA, MILJAN ĐOROVIĆ, BOJAN MILOJIČIĆ, BOJAN MARKOVIĆ, DEJAN MILANKOVIĆ, NIKOLA NOVAKOVIĆ, DRAGANA STOJADINOVIĆ, DRAGAN POPADIĆ, VLADIMIR UROŠEVIĆ, SLAVIŠA LAKIĆEVIĆ, DUŠAN MARKOVIĆ, SAŠA ARSENIJEVIĆ, TANJA ŠAJTINAC, IGOR MIKIĆ, MIROLJUB KOLAREVIĆ, DRAGAN MIJATOVIĆ, TANJA ĐORĐEVIĆ Editor Prof. ZORAN ĐURĐEVIĆ, PhD Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies Proofreading: MARJA BRANDIĆ Copyediting: IVANA ĐERMANOVIĆ Computer printset JOVAN PAVLOVIĆ Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies Circulation 100 copies Printing of the publication was fiancially supported by the Swedish Government ISBN 978-86-83397-25-9 Content CONTENT I INTRODUCTION 1 II SUMMARY 5 III METHODOLOGY 13 IV STRATEGIC ANALYSIS 19 1. CRIME SITUATION AND TRENDS ...................................................................... 21 1.1. -
Serbia – Serbian Volunteer Guard – Arkan's Tigers – International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia – War Cr
Country Advice Serbia Serbia – SRB36154 – Serbian Volunteer Guard – Arkan’s Tigers – International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia – War Crimes – Organised Crime 5 March 2010 1. Please provide a brief history of the SDG (1990-1996) The paramilitary group, the ‘Serbian Volunteer Guard’ (SDG), commonly known as ‘Arkan’s Tigers’ (‘Tigers’, ‘Arkanovci’ or ‘Arkanovi Tigrovi’) was established on 11 October 1990 by notorious Serbian underworld figure Željko Ražnatović, popularly known as Arkan.1 The SDG were one of many Serbian paramilitary groups which took part in the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, between 1991 and 1999. At various times during the conflict, membership of the SDG expanded to include other paramilitary, Yugoslav People’s Army (JNA) or special forces units. This response will focus on the involvement of Arkan’s Tigers in the Balkans conflict Serbian paramilitary groups varied in skill and motivation, from professional soldiers to loosely affiliated groups of criminal gangs and football hooligans. The more ‘professional units including the Tigers were often armed, funded and trained through the Yugoslav People’s Army (JNA) or other state security organisations.2 Some other groups were known as ‘weekend warriors’ – living and working during the week in Serbia and crossing into contested territory in neighbouring villages on weekends to loot and vandalise property.3 The symbiotic relationship between the Milošević regime and organised crime in Serbia flourished in an increasing unstable Yugoslavia. Criminal organisations fought amoungst each other, vying to expand and develop new black and grey markets in pertrol, cigarettes and narcotics. Longtime Milošević allies, including Ražnatović, were favoured beneficiares. -
Organized Crime in the Western Balkans
Organized Crime in the Western Balkans Trafficking Trafficking in drugs in weapons Trafficking in human beings 1 Organized Crime in the Western Balkans Dejan Anastasijevic1 The author provides a short history and a general overview of the situation and trends in the three most vibrant and resilient sectors of organized crime in the Western Balkans – illicit drugs, weapons, and human trafficking – and aims to assess the government’s efforts (or the lack of it). The author provides also recommendations for the future. He concludes that the three main sectors of organized crime activities – trafficking in drugs, human beings, and weapons – are intertwined, and all three are deeply embedded in the pervasive culture of corruption in the region and that there is no comprehensive strategy to address the problem, neither locally, nor in the EU, although organized crime in the Western Balkans is widely recognized as the main threat against stability in the region and in Europe. I. Introduction Six years after the end of the Yugoslav wars, it can be safely asserted that the potential for large scale armed conflicts in the Western Balkans is, by large, diminished. However, the states which emerged from Yugoslavia’s ruins are suffering from chronic political instability, high unemployment rate, and lack of rule of law. That, along with widespread corruption, unresolved ethnic issues, and porous borders makes them susceptible to both terrorism and organized crime. Moreover, the law enforcement structures in the region are largely relics from the war period, unaccustomed to democratic environment. Designed to serve autocratic regimes in deep secrecy, they remain deeply suspicious towards any attempt to reform and accountability. -
Annual Report on Human Rights : Serbia in 2009 – Europeanization
HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN SERBIA annual report on human rights : serbia in 2009 europeanization – accomplishments and limitations and – accomplishments europeanization a nnual europeanization – r accomplishments eport on and limitations h uman r ights : ights s erbia in in erbia 2009 iizvestaj2009-eng-monta.inddzvestaj2009-eng-monta.indd 1 228/06/20108/06/2010 220:46:010:46:01 PProcessrocess CyaannPProcessrocess MMaageentantaPProcessrocess YYellowellowPProcessrocess BBlacklack jjjp j7g HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN SERBIA Annual Report on Human Rights : Serbia in 2009 Europeanization – Accomplishments and Limitations BELGRADE, 2010 HOLJP, “godišnji izveštaj za 2009– ENGLESKI” strana 1 Annual Report on Human Rights : Serbia in 2009 EUROPEANIZATION – ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND LIMITATIONS publisher Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia for the publisher Sonja Biserko translation Dragan Novaković Veronika Bauer Vera i Mira Gligorijević Spomenka Grujičić layout and design Ivan Hrašovec title page illustration Maurits Cornelis Escher, Ascending and Descending, 1960 printed by Zagorac, Belgrade This edition was published with the support of Civil rights defenders ISBN 978-86-7208-167-1 COBISS.SR-ID 176051212 CIP - Katalogizacija u publikaciji Narodna biblioteka Srbije, Beograd 061.2”2009”; 316.4(497.11)”2009”; 323(497.11)”2009” EUROPEANIZATION - Accomplishments and Limitations : Annual Report on Human Rights : Serbia in 2009 / [prepared by] Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia ; [translation Dragan Novaković ... et al.]. - Belgrade : Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia, 2010 (Belgrade : Zagorac). - 601 str. ; 23 cmIzv. stv. nasl.: Između realnosti i evropskih integracija. - Tiraž 500. - Napomene i bibliografske reference uz tekst. 1. Helsinški odbor za ljudska prava u Srbiji (Beograd) a) Helsinški odbor za ljudska prava u Srbiji (Beograd) - 2009 b) Srbija - Društvene prilike - 2009 c) Srbija - Političke prilike - 2009 HOLJP, “godišnji izveštaj za 2009 – ENGLESKI” strana 2 jjjp j7g 3 Contents Conclusions and Recommendations . -
Mapping the Criminological Landscape of the Balkans
For the first time, this volume brings together experts in the fields of criminology, Anna-Maria Getoš Kalac The Max Planck Partner Group for Balkan Criminology (MPPG) is a criminal law and criminal justice from across the Balkans, to discuss the state of the Zagreb-based research division jointly established by the Max Planck art of criminology and current crime trends in a region that has thus far largely been Hans-Jörg Albrecht Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law in Freiburg (MPI) and the University of Zagreb’s Faculty of Law. It is headed by neglected by European criminological research. Michael Kilchling (eds.) Assist. Prof. Dr. Anna-Maria Getoš Kalac. The MPPG promotes, The first chapter analytically describes and defines the Balkan region, not only as a conducts and facilitates scientific research in the field of criminology unique historical region, but also as a religious and legal territory, as well as a region and criminal justice and hosts the Balkan Criminology Network. of migration and violence and a criminological region sui generis. These facts are Mapping the Criminological The MPPG’s current research programme focuses on three main used to explore and promote the likely benefits of a coherent regional criminological research areas, specifically targeting criminal phenomena that are of particular relevance to the Balkan region, or that may threaten its research approach – with the long-term goal of creating a sustainable ‘criminological Landscape of the Balkans future security and stability: I. Violence, Organized Crime and Illegal landscape’. Contributions from all members of the Balkan Criminology Network Markets; II.