DOCSLIB.ORG

Homelands of Some of the Many Tribes That Settled in the State. the Historical Development and Establishment of Indian Settlements Within the State Are Outlined

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Homelands of Some of the Many Tribes That Settled in the State. the Historical Development and Establishment of Indian Settlements Within the State Are Outlined DOCUMENT RESUME ED 028 864 RC 003 359 Indians of Oklahoma. Bureau of Indian Affairs (Dept. of Interior), Washington, D.C. Pub Date 68 Note-19p. Available from-Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (0-287-162, $0.15). EMS Price MF-S0.25 HC Not Available from EDRS. Descriptors-*AmericanIndians,CollectiveSettlements,*CulturalBackground,FederalAid,*Federal Legislation, Federal Programs, Historical Reviews, History, Land Use, *Migration Patterns, *United States History Identifiers-Apaches, Cherokees, Cheyennes, Chippewas, Choctaws, Comanches, Creeks, *Oklahoma, Osage& Shawnees Oklahoma's present-day Indian culture and civilization, it is noted, are very much pronounced, with more than 68 tribes still proudly embracing their identities. Oklahoma is shown to be the melting pot of Indian America on a map indicating the original homelands of some of the many tribes that settled in the State. The historical development and establishment of Indian settlements within the State are outlined. A listing of Indian tribes represented in Oklahoma, a discussion of Oklahoma Indians today and Federal programs for Indians, and a list of places of interest are also included. (SW) , Ira. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION& WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE 'PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION .POSITION OR POLICY. " Owe t4 MOVEMENT OF INDIAN TRIBES INTO OKLAHOMA orAWA ,...._ / / vroktiodt i . Ic' 1._ ARAMHO A 2/ 1 ) t 1 CHEYENNE t FOX , 0 1 SAC s I r POTAWA71II, t PAWNei.... KASKASKIA , I ..... - t , ,i__,......70,...,. I PEORIA ., w % I SHAVISIS t! \ I i PIANKASHAW , t KA,,, i --.va 1 1 WEA t CHICK,W ,.$ % 0 ,.., % WICHITA % .......--'" 1 i.-_____ ` .-, --- ..... \ / 0 , I QUAPAW - i OSAGE 4% APACHE I TAWAKONI ------- .J CHOCTAW TONKAWA CADDO WACO HAINAI OKLAHOMA has been the melting pot of LIPAN KICHAI Indian America.The map indicates the ANADARKO original homelands of some of the many KICKAPOO sousal tribes that were resettled there. MAP: Courtesy of the Division of Indian Health, U.S. Public Health Service 1- ci 0111110111Its very name stirs memories ofa long-ago Indian civilization."Red People" were tilling Oklahoma's riverbanks and harvest- ing buffalo on her plains for centuries before 1492.The area of the present State became home andsanctuary during the 1800's for most Indian tribes displaced from their Eastern lands.And today, the State's Indian culture and civilization aremore pronounced than ever before, with more than 68 tribes still proudly --.mbracing their identities. Today in Oklahoma there are many Indian communities, where citizens engage in up-to-date farming or work in a myriad of occupations the same as any other Americans.At the same time, a very real link with the past is still in evidence.To the Indian citizen of Oklahoma, his heritage is too rich to be forgotten. MAHON In the language of the Choctaw Indians the word "Okla"was given to the western part of the region when it was means people, while the word for red is "homma" ororganized as a separate Territory in 1890.Seventeen years "humma." The name of the forty-sixth State to enter thelater, it became the name of the State. Union aptly reflects its place in history as the home of the Although the Choctaws named Oklahoma,at least 67 other red manan Indian Territory into which eastern tribes weretribes have been associated insome way with area history. nudged by the pressure of white settlement in the early 1800's and a sanctuary for other displaced and homeless Indians from various parts of the growing country. The name was first used in 1866 by Allen Wright, principal chief of the Choctaw Nation.In a treaty of that year, plans were presented for the organization under one government of all the Indian nations, tribes and bands within the area of the present State.These plans for an Indian State never materialized, but the name "Oklahoma" became popular.It Choctaw boys played a rough.and-tumble game of Lacrosse. This game engaged the attention of artist George Catlin not long after the Choctaws were resettled in Oklahoma. PHOTO: Smithsonian Institution. 2 Ancient peoples flourished in the region long before the tribesof Missouri and Arkansas Territory) became popularly that were discovered there by the gold-seeking Spanish inknown as the Indian Territory.To many, including Presi- 1541.Today, more Indian tribes have retained their tribaldent Jefferson, this seemed a remote and isolated part of the identities and characteristics in Oklahoma than in any of thecountry where Indians could live in freedom, out of the path other so-called "Indian" States.In the 1960 Census theof advancing white settlement. Indian population of about 65,000 ranked second only to that Accordingly, a Congressional Act of March 26, 1804,au- of Arizona, which had over 83,000. thorized the President to negotiate with the eastern tribes to As an Indian melting pot Oklahoma is unequalled.Yetcede their land to the United States in exchange for new tribal once, only the nomadic Plains tribes roamed and hunted onlands in the Indian Territory. its western lands, while the Osages of Kansas and Missouri, the Through treaties with the indigenous Osages and Quapaws Wichitas, and a few other small bands visited the northeasternin the early 1800's the Government secured lands in the Terri- section of the present State from time to time.According totory for resettlement. some authorities, no more than a half-dozen of Oklahoma's The northeastern woodlands Indians were the first to agree tribes are indigenous.The influx of other Indian peoplesto removal.Many of them had already been pushed by the was largely due to the policies and pressures applied by whitecolonists from ancient homelands in coastal areas to new lands men. near the Great Lakes.By 1809 the Delaware, Piankashaw, Wea, Sac, Fox, Potawatomi and Kaskaskia tribes ceded lands in the area that now includes Wisconsin, Illinois, and Indiana Reseulement of Eastern Tribes and moved south and west to Indian Territory.They were The first step in establishing permanent Indian settlementsthe vanguard of the many other tribes that followed. within present Oklahoma boundaries was taken in 1802 Under the administration of President Andrew Jackson when French traders persuaded a large band of Osages toremoval became Federal policy.The Indian Removal Act of move from Missouri to northeastern Oklahoma. 1830 established procedures for voluntary exchange of east- After the Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803, theern Indian lands for new western acreage that was to be held newly acquired land was held in public domain until theby the tribes under perpetual guaranty from the Federal 1830's.The western part of the Purchase (west of the StateGovernment. 3 4. While many Indian tribes were moved into Oklahoma, the The removal treaties guaranteed title to the new western largest groupabout 60,000 peoplewas that of the Fiveacreage assigned to each tribe, the land being held in com- Civilized Tribes, resettled between 1828 and 1846 from theirmon ownership by all tribal members.All of the Indian lands in the southeastern United States. Territory that lay within the present State boundaries of The Civilized Tribesthe Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choc-Oklahoma was assigned to the Five Tribes, with the exception taws, Creeks, and Seminoleswere so named because oftheirof the northeastern corner.This was occupied by a mixed high degree of cultural development.Long at peace with thegroup of Senecas, Shawnees, Quapaws and various eastern white men, they had established schools, courts to administertribes. their tribal laws, and governments based upon the Federal The northern part of the Territory was assigned to the pattern, with executive, judicial, and legislative branches.Cherokees, the central part to the Creeks and the southern There were farmers, storekeepers, and millwrights amongpart to the Choctaws.The Chickasaws later purchased the them, as well as prosperous estate owners. right of settlement among the Choctaws, and the Seminoles Although removed to the new lands under treaties, the In-moved from Florida to live among the Creeks. dians resisted resettlement and suffered severely as the Guaranteed title made it possible for the industrious In- Federal Government forced their westward migration.Even dians to hold their land long enough to reestablish tribal those who went willingly faced hunger, illness and cold as ainstitutions, and soon each tribe had organized as a separate result of inadequate preparation by the Federal agents whonation under the protection of the United States.Five tribal guided them.The Cherokee story of death and hardshipcapitals, where Indian legislators met in parliamentary as- along the "Trail of Tears" is retold each summer in an out-sembly, were established at Tahlequah, by the Cherokees; door dramatic presentation that is attended by thousands ofTishomingo, the Chickasaws; Tuskahoma, the Choctaws; visitors to the reservation of the Eastern Cherokees in NorthOkm Agee, the Creeks; and Wewoka, by the Seminoles. Carolina.The drama "Unto These Hills" depicts the historyChunhes, schools, farms and businesses began to flourish of that portion of the Cherokee Tribe which resisted theonce more and, by the beginning of the Civil War, the Civil- forced removal and escaped to seek refuge in the Smokyized Tribes had regained much of the prosperity they had Mountains.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Story of the Taovaya [Wichita]
    THE STORY OF THE TAOVAYA [WICHITA] Home Page (Images Sources): • “Coahuiltecans;” painting from The University of Texas at Austin, College of Liberal Arts; www.texasbeyondhistory.net/st-plains/peoples/coahuiltecans.html • “Wichita Lodge, Thatched with Prairie Grass;” oil painting on canvas by George Catlin, 1834-1835; Smithsonian American Art Museum; 1985.66.492. • “Buffalo Hunt on the Southwestern Plains;” oil painting by John Mix Stanley, 1845; Smithsonian American Art Museum; 1985.66.248,932. • “Peeling Pumpkins;” Photogravure by Edward S. Curtis; 1927; The North American Indian (1907-1930); v. 19; The University Press, Cambridge, Mass; 1930; facing page 50. 1-7: Before the Taovaya (Image Sources): • “Coahuiltecans;” painting from The University of Texas at Austin, College of Liberal Arts; www.texasbeyondhistory.net/st-plains/peoples/coahuiltecans.html • “Central Texas Chronology;” Gault School of Archaeology website: www.gaultschool.org/history/peopling-americas-timeline. Retrieved January 16, 2018. • Terminology Charts from Lithics-Net website: www.lithicsnet.com/lithinfo.html. Retrieved January 17, 2018. • “Hunting the Woolly Mammoth;” Wikipedia.org: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hunting_Woolly_Mammoth.jpg. Retrieved January 16, 2018. • “Atlatl;” Encyclopedia Britannica; Native Languages of the Americase website: www.native-languages.org/weapons.htm. Retrieved January 19, 2018. • “A mano and metate in use;” Texas Beyond History website: https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/kids/dinner/kitchen.html. Retrieved January 18, 2018. • “Rock Art in Seminole Canyon State Park & Historic Site;” Texas Parks & Wildlife website: https://tpwd.texas.gov/state-parks/seminole-canyon. Retrieved January 16, 2018. • “Buffalo Herd;” photograph in the Tales ‘N’ Trails Museum photo; Joe Benton Collection. A1-A6: History of the Taovaya (Image Sources): • “Wichita Village on Rush Creek;” Lithograph by James Ackerman; 1854.
    [Show full text]
  • Delaware Indian Land Claims: a Historical and Legal Perspective
    Delaware Indian land Claims: A Historical and Legal Perspective DAVID A. EZZO Alden, New York and MICHAEL MOSKOWITZ Wantagh, New York In this paper we shall discuss Delaware Indian land claims in both a histori­ cal and legal context. The first section of the paper deals with the historical background necessary to understand the land claims filed by the Delaware. In the second part of the paper the focus is on a legal review of the Delaware land claims cases. Ezzo is responsible for the first section while Moskowitz is responsible for the second section. 1. History The term Delaware has been used to describe the descendants of the Native Americans that resided in the Delaware River Valley and other adjacent areas at the start of the 17th century. The Delaware spoke two dialects: Munsee and Unami, both of these belong to the Eastern Algonquian Lan­ guage family. Goddard has noted that the Delaware never formed a single political unit. He also has noted that the term Delaware was only applied to these groups after they had migrated from their original Northeastern homeland. Goddard sums up the Delaware migration as follows: The piecemeal western migration, in the face of white settlement and its attendant pressures during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, left the Delaware in a number of widely scattered places in Southern Ontario, Western New York, Wisconsin, Kansas and Oklahoma. Their history involves the repeated divisions and consolidations of many villages and of local, political and linguistic groups that developed in complicated and incompletely known ways. In addition, individuals, families and small groups were constantly moving from place to place.
    [Show full text]
  • Tonkawa Indians Before the Time of the Spanish Explorers, Native Americans Inhabited the Open Ranges and Woodlands of Texas
    Tonkawa Indians Before the time of the Spanish explorers, Native Americans inhabited the open ranges and woodlands of Texas. One group that made its mark in history is the Tonkawa Indians. These people were thought to have come to Texas as early as the seventeenth century. Tonkawa, a Waco Indian word, means, “they all stay together,” which eloquently describes this group of nomadic Indian tribes. There is scant archeological evidence of the Tonkawa people, and historians have several theories on the tribal structure and lifestyles of this group. Some believe the Tonkawa were actually a group of independent bands of Indians, which may have included the Sana, Toho, Tohaha, Cantona, and Cava Indians. In the early eighteenth century these bands of Indians were thought to have joined together to form Tonkawa Proper. There is some evidence that the Tonkawa actually came to Texas much earlier as one cohesive group of Tonkawa Indians that lived further north. These nomadic hunters lived in tepees made from buffalo hide, grass and other materials. Tepees allowed bands to easily pack their homes and move with the migrating herds of buffalo or to outrun their enemies. An elected tribal chief led each band of Tonkawa, and each band was composed of maternal clans. Unlike many societies that are patriarchal, the Tonkawa clan membership followed on the side of the mother. When a couple got married, the man would go live with his wife’s clan, and the children would become members of their mother’s clan as well. As a society that always stays together, the Tonkawa established a system that ensured all widows, widowers, and orphaned children were taken care of if their family members died.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections
    University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections C. Ross Hume Collection Hume, Carleton Ross (1878–1960). Papers, 1838–1948. 10.50 feet. Attorney. Personal and business correspondence (1893–1948) relating to Hume’s family, his attendance at the University of Oklahoma, his contact with the university as an alumnus, and his law practice as an attorney for the Caddo Indians. Also included are numerous legal documents (1838–1948) relating to Indian claims and the Indians of Oklahoma, the Shirley Trading Post, the Anadarko, Oklahoma, area and the University of Oklahoma. ___________ Biographical Note: Carleton Ross Hume, who along with Roy P. Stoops made up the first graduating class of the University of Oklahoma in 1898. He was born at Tontogany, Ohio, in 1878. He was the son of Charles Robinson Hume and Annette Ross Hume. The Humes moved to Anadarko, Oklahoma Territory, in December of 1890, when Dr. Hume was appointed as government physician to the Anadarko Indian Agency. C. Ross Hume later served as attorney for the Caddo Nation, and a judge in Anadarko. Box 1 Native American Tribal Materials Apaches (1925-26) 1. Legal inquiry concerning an Apache woman Various Individual claims- includes letter to Hume from Sen. E. Thomas Folder of Clippings Cherokees 2. Power of Attorney Notes on Sequoyah Treaties with Republic of Texas (1836 and 1837) Cherokee Indians' Claim Texas Land Research notes - secondary sources Cheyennes 3. Historical notes including origins, dates of wars, movements, etc. 47th Congress, 1st session -1882. Message from the President of the United States. Confirmation of Certain Land in Indian Territory to Cheyenne and Arapahoe Indians Comanches 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Washita AND/OR COMMON Fort Washita Q LOCATION
    National Historic Landmark-Westward Expansion Form No. 10-300 (Rev 10-74) (Military and I^^an Affairs) XVI UNITHI) STATES ULI'ARTMLl PDF THL. INILR1OR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS ____________TYPE ALL ENTRIES - COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS_______ I NAME HISTORIC Fort Washita AND/OR COMMON Fort Washita Q LOCATION STREET& NUMBFR Route 199 — NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY, TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Durant _X VICINITY OF 3rd STATF CODE XOUNTY CnDi •klahbmaa 40 Bryan 013 CLASSIFICATION CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENTUSE v _.DI STRICT X PUBLIC -^OCCUPIED —AGRICULTURE fhMUSEUM X_BUILDING(S) —PRIVATE —UNOCCUPIED —COMMERCIAL ApARK _STRUCTURE __BOTH —WORK IN PROGRESS —EDUCATIONAL .—PRIVATE RESIDENCE _SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE —ENTERTAINMENT —RELIGIOUS _OBJECT —IN PROCESS —YES RESTRICTED —GOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC ..BEING CONSIDERED _.YES UNRESTRICTED —INDUSTRIAL —TRANSPORTATION _NO —MILITARY —OTHER OWNER OF PROPERTY NAME Oklahoma Historical Society STREET & NUMBER ^ Willey Pase Hisctorical Building CITY, TOWN STATE Oklahoma City VICINITY OF Oklahoma LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE. County Clerk REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC Bryant County Courthouse STREETS NUMBER CITY.4th TOWN and———————————— Evergreen STATE Durant Oklahoma 74701 REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE None DATE _ FEDERAL —STATE ^.COUNTY ..-LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS DESCRIPTION CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE ^EXCELLENT —DETERIORATED —UNALTERED JfcjRIGINALSITE GOOD RUINS X ALTERED MOVFD DATF _FAIR _ UNEXPOSED DESCRIBETHE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Fort Washita situated at the mouth of the Washita River was created as a protection for the "civilized" Chickasaws and Choctaws from the more violent Plains Indians. Established in 1842, Fort Washita was an impressive facility constructed of logs and limestone quarried nearby.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribal and House District Boundaries
    ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribal Boundaries and Oklahoma House Boundaries ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 22 ! 18 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 13 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 20 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cimarron ! ! ! ! 14 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 11 ! ! Texas ! ! Harper ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! n ! ! Beaver ! ! ! ! Ottawa ! ! ! ! Kay 9 o ! Woods ! ! ! ! Grant t ! 61 ! ! ! ! ! Nowata ! ! ! ! ! 37 ! ! ! g ! ! ! ! 7 ! 2 ! ! ! ! Alfalfa ! n ! ! ! ! ! 10 ! ! 27 i ! ! ! ! ! Craig ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! h ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 26 s ! ! Osage 25 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! a ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 6 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribes ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 16 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! W ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 21 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 58 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 38 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribes by House District ! 11 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 Absentee Shawnee* ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Woodward ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 ! 36 ! Apache* ! ! ! 40 ! 17 ! ! ! 5 8 ! ! ! Rogers ! ! ! ! ! Garfield ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 40 ! ! ! ! ! 3 Noble ! ! ! Caddo* ! ! Major ! ! Delaware ! ! ! ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! ! Mayes ! ! Pawnee ! ! ! 19 ! ! 2 41 ! ! ! ! ! 9 ! 4 ! 74 ! ! ! Cherokee ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ellis ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 41 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 72 ! ! ! ! ! 35 4 8 6 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 5 3 42 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 77
    [Show full text]
  • The Caddo After Europeans
    Volume 2016 Article 91 2016 Reaping the Whirlwind: The Caddo after Europeans Timothy K. Perttula Heritage Research Center, Stephen F. Austin State University, [email protected] Robert Cast Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Perttula, Timothy K. and Cast, Robert (2016) "Reaping the Whirlwind: The Caddo after Europeans," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2016, Article 91. https://doi.org/10.21112/.ita.2016.1.91 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2016/iss1/91 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Reaping the Whirlwind: The Caddo after Europeans Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2016/iss1/91
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    ______________________________ Table of Contents INTRODUCTION TO THE GUIDE TO CAMPING . 2 THE SCOUT LAW . 3 THE SCOUT OATH . 3 THE OUTDOOR CODE . 4 LEAVE NO TRACE . 4 TREAD LIGHTLY! . 4 SOUTHERN REGION 3 (SR-3) ADDRESSES . 5 WHERE TO GO CAMPING BOY SCOUT COUNCIL SUMMER CAMPS – TEXAS . 6 BOY SCOUT COUNCIL SUMMER CAMPS – ARKANSAS . 7 BOY SCOUT COUNCIL SUMMER CAMPS – COLORADO. 7 BOY SCOUT COUNCIL SUMMER CAMPS – LOUISIANA . 7 BOY SCOUT COUNCIL SUMMER CAMPS – NEW MEXICO . 8 BOY SCOUT COUNCIL SUMMER CAMPS – OKLAHOMA . 8 BSA PROPERTIES - OTHER COUNCIL PROPERTIES . 9 BSA PROPERTIES – HIGH ADVENTURE (LAND ORIENTED) . 10 BSA PROPERTIES – HIGH ADVENTURE (WATER ORIENTED). 12 NATIONAL PARKS/FEDERAL LANDS IN TEXAS . 13 TEXAS STATE PARKS. 14 CORP OF ENGINEER LAKES – CENTRAL TEXAS . 19 LCRA PARKS/CAMPGROUNDS. 19 OTHER CAMPGROUNDS IN CENTRAL TEXAS . 20 1 Tonkawa Lodge 99 * 2019 Edition * Capitol Area Council __________________________________ Introduction A purpose of the Order of the Arrow is to “promote camping, responsible outdoor adventure, and environmental stewardship as essential components of every Scout’s experience, in the unit, year-round, and in summer camp.” Camping and outdoor adventure are at the heart of the purpose of the Order of the Arrow. Camping and the outdoor adventure are at the core of the mission of Scouting. It is with this focus that the Arrowmen of Tonkawa Lodge 99 present this revised camping guide to the units of our council and any units who are looking to discover new opportunities for camping and exploration. This revision updates some of the changes that have occurred in Scouting, revises outdated information, and provides new locations for camping and outdoor adventures.
    [Show full text]
  • At Lake Tawakoni on the Sabine River, Rains County, Texas
    Volume 2019 Article 34 2019 The Pearson Site (41RA5) at Lake Tawakoni on the Sabine River, Rains County, Texas Timothy K. Perttula [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Perttula, Timothy K. (2019) "The Pearson Site (41RA5) at Lake Tawakoni on the Sabine River, Rains County, Texas," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2019, Article 34. https://doi.org/10.21112/ita.2019.1.34 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2019/iss1/34 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Pearson Site (41RA5) at Lake Tawakoni on the Sabine River, Rains County, Texas Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2019/iss1/34 The Pearson Site (41RA5) at Lake Tawakoni on the Sabine River, Rains County, Texas Timothy K.
    [Show full text]
  • The Choctaw Nation and the Dawes Commission
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1954 The Choctaw Nation and the Dawes Commission Jeanne Francis Moore Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Moore, Jeanne Francis, "The Choctaw Nation and the Dawes Commission" (1954). Master's Theses. 1157. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/1157 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1954 Jeanne Francis Moore THE CHOCTAW INDIANS AND THE DAWES COMMISSION by ;' Sister. Jeanne Francis Moore A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate Scnoo1 of Loyola University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts June 1954 --------._-------------,------_.. -.. ,._-- \ LIFE Sister Jeanne Francis Moore was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, , May 20, 1906. ; She was graduated from the Saint John Acad.~, Indianapolis, IndianaI June 20, 1923 and entered the novitiate of the Sisters of Providence Q~ Septem-~ ber 7, 1923. She received her degree of Bachelor of Arts from Saint Mar.y-of- the-Woods College in June, 1942. From 1926 to 1942 she taught in the elementar.y parochial schools of Chicago, Illinois; Fort Wayne, Indiana; Washington, D.C. After receiving her degree she taught at the Immaculata Seminar.y in Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Washita Basin Project Oklahoma
    Washita Basin Project Oklahoma James M. Bailey, Ph.D. Bureau of Reclamation 2008 0 Table of Contents Table of Contents .............................................................................................................. 1 Washita Basin Project ...................................................................................................... 2 Physical Setting ............................................................................................................. 3 Prehistoric and Historic Setting .................................................................................. 4 Project Investigation and Authorization .................................................................. 11 Project Construction................................................................................................... 16 Uses of Project Water ................................................................................................. 30 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 32 Bibliography .................................................................................................................... 33 Index................................................................................................................................. 35 1 Washita Basin Project Located adjacent to America’s arid west/humid east division line known as the 100th meridian, western Oklahoma’s rolling uplands are susceptible to unpredictable weather cycles.
    [Show full text]
  • Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma Ca
    Tickanwa•tic Informational Guide to the History and Culture of the Tonkawa Tribe. Tonkawas photographed by Rhinehart in 1898. Standing L-R: Winnie Richards, John Rush Buffalo, William Stevens, John Allen, and Mary Richards. Seated L-R: John Williams, Grant Richards, and Sherman Miles. Ft. Oakland - Oklahoma Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma ca. 1980 ca. 1999 ca. 1885 - 1901 ca. 2003 On the cover: Tickanwa•tic Tribal name in Tonkawa Language means:“Real People” Pronounced: “Titch-kun-wha-titch” 1 Tonkawa Tribal History The Tonkawa belong to the Tonkawan linguistic family, that was once composed of a number of small sub tribes that lived in a region that extended west from south central Texas and western Oklahoma to eastern New Mexico. The Tonkawa had a distinct language, and their name, as that of the leading tribe, was applied to their linguistic family. They were one of the most warlike tribes during nearly two centu- ries of conflict with their enemy tribes on the Western plains and with the Spanish and, later, American settlers in the Southwest. Their men were famous warriors, and their chiefs bore many scars of battle. The Tonkawa women were also strong physically and vindictive in disposition. The people of this tribe were no- madic in their habits in the early his- toric period, moving their tipi villages according to the wishes of the chiefs Winnie and Chief Grant Richards ca. 1898 of the different bands. They planted a few crops, but were well known as great hunters of buffalo and deer, using bows and arrows and spears for weapons, as well as some firearms secured from early Spanish traders.
    [Show full text]