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Planet Agriculture: Global Commons Natural Resources, Climate Change, Models & Vision to Feed Hungry Planet

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Planet Agriculture: Global Commons Natural Resources, Climate Change, Models & Vision to Feed Hungry Planet Global Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science (ISSN: 2315-5094) Vol. 8(10) pp. 286-299, November, 2019 Issue. Available online http://garj.org/garjas/home Copyright © 2019 Global Advanced Research Journals Full Length Research Paper Planet Agriculture: Global Commons Natural resources, Climate change, Models & Vision to Feed Hungry Planet M.B. Dastagiri and L. Bhavigna 1Principal Scientist, ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030. India. 2Young Professional, ICAR-NAARM, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030. Accepted 24 November, 2019 Natural resources depletion and Climate change impact on the planet could conceivably lead to human extinction. Demographer’s projects that increasing population and consumption are placing record demands on agriculture and natural resources. Globally, food security is major concern. The study researches dynamics of natural resources, climate change and vision to feed hungry planet. The land available for cultivation is 11.6% only. Developing countries using more water to agriculture whereas developed countries to Industry. Agriculture intensification and deforestation have serious environmental impacts. The major sources of pollutants are industrial waste, illegal dumping of solid waste and poor agricultural practices. World population would require 70% increase in overall production by 2050. The planet vision is food for growth, food for peace, food for planet, food for health and food for economic opportunities. Climate change effects oxygen depression, ice melts, global warming, floods, droughts, extinction of animals, plants, birds and biodiversity. Researchers need to estimate the exchange ratio of oxygen and Co 2 between plants and animals, birds, humans then how to bring more area under agriculture is the future step to solve planet environment safety. The study suggest strategies for planet agriculture are; satellite farming, geo-intelligence, climate smart agriculture, factory farming, organic farming, digital technologies. Keywords: Planet, agriculture, environment, food security, models, vision. INTRODUCTION International Astronomical Union (IAU), 2001 and 2006 29% is land constitutes continents and islands. These two General Assembly defined a planet is an astronomical have number of lakes, rivers and erstwhile water sources body orbiting a star. Earth is an only planet to harbor life. which contribute hydrosphere. The polar regions of earth Earth's surface is roofed 71% with water, mostly by oceans mainly covered by ice including Antarctic ice sheet and (J. J. O'Connor and E. F. Robertson, May 2019). The rest Arctic sea ice pack. Earth plane one-eighth portion suitable for humans to live, three-quarters is covered by oceans and one-quarter as land. 50 percent of land is desert (14%) (M. C. Peel, 2007) high mountains (27%), *Corresponding Author's Email: [email protected] Dastagiri and Bhavigna 287 (Convention on Biological Diversity,2007) or other consequence of human population size and its unsuitable terrains. technological sophistication, neither of which would have UN 2006, projects in 2050, Earth's human population will been possible without agriculture. reach 9.2 billion in 2050 and most of the growth would be John Bellamy Foster (1994) stated that as of now world in in developing nations. The density of population is more has more food than needed to feed world population. The in Asia. Of the world land mass, 68% in Northern capacity to increase agricultural yields on available land, in hemisphere. So far, humans in space are on the the meantime, may be limited by dependency on International Space Station (Abel Mendez, 20). From Earth agricultural chemicals-pesticides and fertilizers in most in 1970, by Apollo Mission 13, humans have traveled modern agriculture and by the need for water. highest distance is 400,171 km (248,655 mi), (National Jonathan A. Foley, et.al., (2011) stated that increasing Aeronautics and Space Administration, (NASA), November population and consumption are placing record demands 2015). on agriculture and natural resources. On a global scale, a Annenberg Foundation, 2017 reported that in 2000, out billion people are chronically malnourished while of total earth’s land only 37 per cent was Agricultural land, agricultural systems are degrading land, water, biodiversity 11 per cent used for crops. And remaining balance ¼ is and climate. pasture land, which includes forage crops land and grazing Lal (2015), to combat climate change, we have to land. During 21 st century, Demographers projects that sequester carbon from atmosphere and must store it to earth population will reach 10 billion but the available land long lived pools. Strategies to increase soil carbon pool and new area to bring under cultivation is limited. This comprises of carbon sequestration through conservation leads to many nations to feed growing population, agriculture, integrated nutrient management, agroforestry requirement of food, fuel, and fiber from limited land, water, etc. With proper management, 75-100 parts per million of and labor and need to practice intensification of agriculture. CO2 can be stored in soil and forestry systems. The United Nations FAO to help governments with land- Michael Huston (1995) stated that conservative use planning has developed based on physical parameters economists may be far ahead of the environmental like climate, soil, and topography called Agro-Ecological community in their plans for a sustainable future that will Zoning system that characterizes land's suitability for save the Earth’s bio-diversity and environmental quality. agriculture. Based on these parameters data it estimates is The biggest environmental challenge of the century – ¾ of earth surface is not suitable for rain fed crops and Climate Change – is hitting hard on the human lives with only 3.5 percent suitable for crops without constraints increase in the onset of rising temperatures. Global (Annenberg Foundation, 2017). warming has become an alarming atmospheric deviation, Satellite farming or Precision agriculture (PA), is a has turned into an unprecedented truth and environmental farming management concept based on observing, change is one of the problems that need to be addressed. measuring and responding to inter and intra-field variability Tripathi et al., 2016 stated that Living life beyond our in crops. This has been enabled by the advent of GPS and means, with burning huge amounts of fossil fuels, breeding GNSS. As a management tool satellite images are used to huge amounts of methane producing livestock and cutting characterize a farmer's fields in detail, often used in down swathes of forests, thereby, reducing the natural combination with GIS, to allow more intensive and efficient absorption of carbon dioxide has disturbed the balance of cultivation practices (McBratney et.al.,2005, Whelan, B.M. our planet, mother earth. The technology revolution could et.al.,2003, Reina Giulio,2018). however provide a strategy to deal with climate change. Planet is an integrated aerospace and data analytics Adaptation in various societal sectors to the influence of company by operates earth-imaging satellites and collect climate change is now considered inevitable. of information about our changing planet. Decision makers William C. Clark (1989) mentioned that the World in business, governments use Planet's data to develop new Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), technologies, deliver business outcomes, power research, Sustainable development thus reflects a choice of values and solve the world’s toughest challenges for managing planet earth in which equity matters - equity (planet.com,2019). among peoples around the world today, equity between Some review of literature on planet agriculture: parents and their grandchildren. An important step towards tackling climate change is The study researches present dimensions of working on the global warming factors – primarily the anthropogenic impact, Natural resources dynamics and anthropogenic based carbon emissions. ‘Carbon pollution climate change on the planet and sustainability global food limits are necessary to prevent climate change from security in future. Global food production must grow damaging the global economy’ has been an established substantially at the same time, environment and planet truth which facilitated the climate financing. must be safe. Brown, A. D (2003) discusses present dimensions of The specific Objectives are human impact on the planet, and reported that could 1. To analyze the components, status and extent of conceivably lead to human extinction. This is a direct use of planet resources. 288. Glo. Adv. Res. J. Agric. Sci. Table 1. Land distribution scenario in the planet and different countries CULTIVATED CULTIVABLE STABLE ALTERNATIVE TOTAL FIELD 2 2 2 2 S. COUNTRY LAND (KM ) LAND (KM ) CROPS LANDS (KM ) (KM ) 2 NO. (KM ) World 17,235,800 (11.6) 15,749,300 (10.6) 1,549,600 (1) 131,701,100 (88.4) 149,000,000 1 India 1,891,761 (57) 1,753,694 (52.8) 138,067 (4.2) 1,395,502(43) 3,287,263 2 Nigeria 412,938 (44.7) 344,577 (37.3) 68,361 (7.4) 510,830 (55.3) 923,768 3 Indonesia 478,055 (25.1) 247,598 (13) 230,457 1,426,514 (74.9) 1,904,569 (12.1) 4 United States 1,681,826 (17.1) 1,652,028 (16.8) 29,798 (0.3) 8,151,691 (82.9) 9,833,517 5 Argentina 397,598 (14.3) 386,476 (13.9) 11,122 (0.4) 2,382.802 (85.7) 2,780,400 6 China 1,238,013 (12.9) 1,084,461 (11.3) 153,552 (1.6) 8,358,947 (87.1) 9,596,960 7 Brazil 800,485 (9.4) 732,359 (8.6) 68,126 (0.8) 7,715,285 (90.6) 8,515,770 8 Russia 1,265,267 (7.4) 1,248,169 (7.3) 17,098 (0.1) 15,832,975 (92.6) 17,098,242 9 Australia 487,695 (6.3) 479,954 (6.2) 7,741 (0.1) 7,253,525 (93.7) 7,741,220 10 Canada 519,205 (5.2) 469,281 (4.7) 49,924 (0.5) 9,465,465 (94.8) 9,984,670 Source: CIA World Fact book.
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