The Functions of English-Korean Code Switching Used by the Radio Announcer in Super K-Pop Program Aired on 9 June 2014

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THE FUNCTIONS OF ENGLISH-KOREAN CODE SWITCHING USED BY THE RADIO ANNOUNCER IN SUPER K-POP PROGRAM AIRED ON 9 JUNE 2014

AN UNDERGRADUTE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

By NIKEN PROBORINI Student Number: 144214086

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018

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THE FUNCTIONS OF ENGLISH-KOREAN CODE SWITCHING USED BY THE RADIO ANNOUNCER IN SUPER K-POP PROGRAM AIRED ON 9 JUNE 2014

AN UNDERGRADUTE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

By NIKEN PROBORINI Student Number: 144214086

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018

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A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis

THE FUNCTIONS OF ENGLISH-KOREAN CODE SWITCHING USED BY THE RADIO ANNOUNCER IN SUPER K-POP PROGRAM AIRED ON 9 JUNE 2014

By NIKEN PROBORlNl Student Number: 144214086

Approved by

~ Adventina Putranti, S.S., M.Hum. March 14,2018 Advisor

Arina Isti'anah, S.Pd., M.Hum. March 14,2018 Co-Advisor

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A Sarjana Sastfa Undergraduate Thesis

THE FUNCTIONS OF ENGLISH-KOREAN CODE SWITCHING USED BY THE RADIO ANNOUNCER IN SUPER K-POP PROGRAM AIRED ON 9 JUNE 2014

By NlKEN PROBORINI Student Number: 144214086

Defended before the Board ofExaminers on April 3, 2018 and Declared Acceptable

BOARD OF EXAMINERS

Name Chairperson : Adventina Plltranti, S.S., M.Hum. Secretary : Arina Isti'anah, S.Pd., M.Hum. Member 1 : Fransisca Kristanti, S.Pd., M.Hum. Member 2 : Adventina Putranti, S.S., M.Hum. Member 3 : Arina Isti'anah, S.Pd., M.Hum.

Yogyakarta, April 30,2018 Faculty ofLetters , ;,;-sn.. ata Dharma University Dean f'I;;.0«-' ." ""? ::>'" ".~:'... -, 1~ . -:z ~\\ ~. '? !J.-I·'-:...---~ !-J-~",. ! "",;- ~ ~, <>".""'....-<~ J -~~latangls'- I';;}"oo>;;'_ *' karna, M. Hum.

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STATEMENT OF ORlGINALITY

1 certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been previously submitted for the award ofany other degree at any university, and that, to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the text ofthe undergraduate thesis

Yogyakarta, February 20,2018

.@¥1kP·b" N I en ro onm

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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dhanna

Nama : Niken Proborini NomoI' Mahasiswa : 144214086

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dhanna karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul

THE FUNCTIONS OF ENGLISH-KOREAN CODE SWITCIllNG USED BY THE RADIO ANNOUNCER IN SUPER K-POP PROGRAM AIRED ON 9 JUNE 2014 beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dhanna hak ulltuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalanl behtuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin kepada saya maupun memberikan royalty kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.

Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.

Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal 20 Februari 2018

Yang menyatakan, NQl!:t

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Work hard in silence, let your success be your noise

-Frank Ocean-

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Dedicated to:

My Beloved Parents and All the Language Addicts

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In order to finish this undergraduate thesis, it requires not only hard work but also support. First of all, I would like to express my greatest gratitude to Jesus Christ for showering His love and blessings on me so that I could accomplish this undergraduate thesis. I respectfully express my deepest appreciation to my thesis advisor Adventina Putranti, S.S., M.Hum. for her guidance and patience in helping me to develop this undergraduate thesis from the beginning until the end. I also would like to acknowledge and thank my thesis co-advisor Arina Isti’anah, S.Pd., M.Hum. for giving suggestions and improvements so that I could improve my knowledge. I would like to express my never-ending gratitude to my my beloved parents for believing me in every path I take. Without them, none of this would indeed be possible. Also, I thank my brother Angga for protecting me although he is seven years younger than me. He will always be my little buddy. My extended gratitude goes to my best schoolmates Ni Luh, Audi, and Are for truckloads of good times during my study in Sanata Dharma University. I would like to extend my warmest thanks to my college senior Ko Iman for always encouraging me to be a better person. I give my sincere thanks to Rendy for his unending advice and support to me so that I can navigate through difficult times. I also thank to Ko Handy for always reminding me that I can accomplish my undergraduate thesis as soon as possible. To Joo Ok-hyeon, Kim Min-ho, Song Seung-beom, Jeong Hyeon-jun, I wholeheartedly appreciate everything they‟ve done for me. They are always there in my times of need. Last but not the least, I am hugely indebted to my Korean language teachers, Lee Hee-kyoung seonsaengnim and Seo Dae-young seonsaengnim for introducing such a beautiful language to me.

Niken Proborini.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ...... ii APPROVAL PAGE ...... iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ...... iv LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ...... v STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ...... vi MOTTO PAGE ...... vii DEDICATION PAGE ...... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...... xii LIST OF TABLES ...... xiii ABSTRACTS ...... xiv ABSTRAK ...... xv

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Background of the Study ...... 1 B. Problem Formulation ...... 5 C. Objectives of the Study ...... 5 D. Definition of Terms ...... 5

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...... 8 A. Review of Related Studies ...... 8 B. Review of Related Theories ...... 9 1. Bilingualism and Bilingual ...... 9 2. Code Switching versus Code Mixing ...... 10 3. Types of Code Switching ...... 11 4. Functions of Code Switching ...... 14 C. Theoretical Framework ...... 17

CHAPTER III: METHODOLODY ...... 18 A. Object of the Study ...... 18 B. Approach of the Study ...... 18 C. Method of the Study ...... 19 a. Data Collection ...... 19 b. Data Analysis ...... 20

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS (RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS) ...... 23 A. Types of Code Switching Used by the Radio Announcer in Super K-Pop on 9 June 2014 ...... 23 1. Tag Switching ...... 24 2. Inter-sentential Switching ...... 27 3. Intra-sentential Switching ...... 34

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B. Functions of Code Switching Used by the Radio Announcer in Super K-Pop on 9 June 2014 ...... 35 1. Addressee Specification ...... 36 2. Interjection ...... 40 3. Reiteration ...... 42 4. Message Qualification ...... 46 5. Personalization versus Objectivization ...... 48

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ...... 52

REFERENCES ...... 55 APPENDIX ...... 58

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

A : Addressee Specification DT : Data I : Interjection IA : Intra-Sentential Switching IE : Inter-Sentential Switching M : Message Qualification P : Personalization versus Objectivization Q : Quotation R : Reiteration TS : Tag Switching UT : Utterance

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LIST OF TABLES

No. Table Page

1. Table 1. The Occurrence of Type of Code Switching Used by 24 the Radio Announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014 2. Table 2. The Occurrence of Functions of Code Switching Used 35 by the Radio Announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014 3. Table 3. The Relation between the Types and the Functions 54 used by the Radio Announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014 4. Table 4. The Types and Functions of Code Switching Used by 58 the Radio Announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014

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ABSTRACT

PROBORINI, NIKEN. (2018). The Functions of English-Korean Code Switching Used by the Radio Announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

In this era, many people from the countries that do not adopt English as an official language learn and improve English proficiency. As a result, there are a lot of people using at least two languages in a conversation. This phenomenon is well-known as code switching. Nowadays, Korean entertainment is getting stronger to attract not only the South Koreans but also all people around the world that is known as the phenomenon of “Korean Wave”. This phenomenon has managed to attract the attention of some communities in the world. This research is conducted in order to analyze the phenomenon of code switching in one of the mass media in South Korea, which is radio talk show. The focus of this research is the English-Korean code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014. There are two problems formulated in this research. They are: (1) What are the types of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014?; (2) What are the functions of the code switching used by the announcer mentioned previously? In conducting this research, sociolinguistics was used as the approach of the study. The researcher used purposive sampling method in collecting the data. Any utterance of the radio announcer consisting English-Korean code switching was considered as the data. To answer the first problem formulation, the researcher applied a theory conducted by Poplack (1980). Meanwhile, the researcher applied a theory conducted by Gumperz (1982) in answering second problem formulation. There are 99 data found in the radio announcer‟s utterances containing English-Korean code switching. Based on the result of analysis, there are three types of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014. The types of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K- Pop Program on 9 June 2014 are tag switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching. On the other side, there are five functions of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014: addressee specification, interjection, reiteration, message qualification, and personalization versus objectivization.

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ABSTRAK

PROBORINI, NIKEN. (2018). The Functions of English-Korean Code Switching Used by the Radio Announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Pada zaman sekarang, banyak orang berasal dari negara yang tidak mengadopsi bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa resmi belajar dan meningkatkan keahlian berbahasa Inggris. Hasilnya, banyak orang yang menggunakan setidaknya dua bahasa dalam percakapan. Fenomena ini lebih dikenal dengan nama alih kode. Sekarang ini, hiburan Korea menjadi semakin kuat untuk menarik perhatian tidak hanya orang-orang Korea Selatan tetapi juga seluruh orang di dunia yang mana lebih dikenal dengan fenomena “Korean Wave.” Fenomena ini berhasil menarik perhatian beberapa komunitas di dunia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kemunculan fenomena alih kode disalah satu media massa di Korea Selatan yaitu radio talk show. Fokus penelitian ini adalah alih kode bahasa Inggris-Korea yang digunakan oleh penyiar radio dalam acara Super K-Pop pada tanggal 9 Juni 2014. Ada dua masalah yang dirumuskan dalam penelitian ini. Dua rumusan masalah tersebut adalah: (1) Apa saja tipe alih kode yang digunakan oleh penyiar radio dalam acara Super K-Pop pada tanggal 9 Juni 2014?; (2) Apa saja fungsi alih kode yang digunakan oleh penyiar yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya? Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, sosiolinguistik digunakan sebagai pendekatan penelitian. Peneliti menggunakan metode secara purposive sampling dalam pengambilan data. Dalam tuturan penyiar radio yang berisikan alih kode bahasa Inggris-Korea dianggap sebagai data. Untuk menjawab rumusan masalah pertama, peneliti menerapkan teori dari Poplack (1980). Sementara itu, peneliti menerapkan teori dari Gumperz (1982) dalam menjawab rumusan masalah kedua. Sebanyak 99 data ditemukan dalam tuturan penyiar radio yang mengadung alih kode bahasa Inggris-Korea. Berdasarkan hasil dari analisis, ada tiga tipe alih kode yang digunakan oleh penyiar radio dalam acara Super K-Pop pada tanggal 9 Juni 2014. Tipe alih kode yang digunakan oleh penyiar radio dalam acara Super K-Pop pada tanggal 9 Juni 2014 adalah tag switching, inter-sentential switching, dan intra-sentential switching. Selain itu, ada lima fungsi alih kode yang digunakan oleh penyiar radio dalam acara Super K-Pop pada tanggal 9 Juni 2014: addressee specification, interjection, reiteration, message qualification, dan personalization versus objectivization.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

English is widely considered as an international language. Being an international language, English plays an important role for people from various linguistic backgrounds to avoid misunderstanding caused by the linguistic diversity. Thus, it is not suprising that the number of people who have knowledge in English language is increasing.

There is a number of reasons why non-English speaking countries learn and acquire English proficiency. Mainly, the most common reason is a demand of society for a higher quality of individuals, especially the young generation. As a result, there are many people nowadays using more than a language which is well- known as a bilingualism phenomenon. According to Weinreich (1968), bilingualism is “the practice of alternately using two languages and the person involved, bilingual” (p. 1).

One of the countries which belong to non-English speaking countries is

South Korea. It belongs to one of the homogeneous countries related to language and cultural background (Lee, 2013 p. 1). This conveys a meaning that Korean language is used in under all conditions and situations in South Korea.

The early 1880s was the beginning of the spread of English language in

South Korea (Chang, 2008, p. 1). Korean people are labeled with their persistence in acquiring English language skills. According to Cho, the report shows that the

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majority of Korean students spend $4,800 at the minimum for a year. Some of them even decide to study in English-speaking countries, just to gain in the proficiency in English (2014, pp. 9-10). Additionally, based on International

Trade Administration, South Korea belongs to the top three leading countries regarding the international student admission in the United States (International

Trade Administration [ITA], 2016, p. 1). Although the use of English in South

Korea is limited in the specific purposes such as education, business, and media, the reports mentioned previously shows the increase of Korean people‟s enthusiasm in developing their English skills.

In this global era, South Korea has put development and improvement in mass media, both printed and electronic media in order to increase the target of being world-known. Spread through mass media, Korean entertainment is getting stronger to attract not only the South Koreans but also all people around the world which is known as the phenomenon of “Korean Wave”. In the late of the 20th century, China and Southeast Asia were the first targets of the expanding of

Hallyu (or “Korean Wave”). Hallyu has also been introduced to Japan in the early

2000s (Kim & Ryoo, 2007, p. 118). The trendiest product of the “Korean Wave” is Korean culture. Dance, music, food, and lifestyle are the examples of Korean culture. The popularity of “Korean Wave” is rapidly increasing year by year.

Language and culture are closely related. As the increase of Korean culture in the world, the interest of people in the world in learning Korean language has also risen as well. According to National Institute of Korean

Language, Korean language belongs to top ten languages of the internet and top

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fifteen by total number of speakers (Park, 2010, p. 13).

Since the growth of international audience choose to immerse themselves in “Korean Wave”, many Korean entertainers have to use at least two linguistic codes, Korean and English, within a conversation. This phenomenon is well- known as code switching. Code switching is “the alternate use of two or more languages in the same utterance or conversation” (Grosjean as cited in Srinivas,

2008, p. 308). Through mass media, they tend to employ English-Korean code switching to both serve entertainment purpose and reach all the fans around the world.

Arirang, an international English-language broadcasting network which is based in Seoul, South Korea, is designed for international viewers as their marketing target. The phenomenon of code switching can be found both in television and radio programs in Arirang. Even though code switching occurs in all types of mass media, the researcher is going to focus on one of the radio programs of Arirang, Super K-Pop in consideration of a large intensity of code switching, especially in the utterances used by radio announcer. Super K-Pop, targeting global market, is provided for international listeners to get closer to their idols by sending fan messages through this radio program.

The utterances used by the radio announcer of Super K-Pop, DJ 1KYNE

(pronounced as One Kind) in interviewing a Korean idol group U-KISS on 9 June

2014 are analyzed in this study. 1KYNE is a Korean-American rapper, DJ, and actor. The radio announcer of Super K-Pop, 1KYNE is a Korean-American.

According to Koh (2003), people who belong to Korean-American is defined as

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follows.

Korean American includes everyone who is related to Korea. There are six subcultural Korean American groups: first-generation Korean Americans who emigrated from Korea when they were 19 years of age or older, 1.5- generation Korean Americans who were born in Korea and emigrated to the United States between the ages of 4 and 19, second- and third- generation Korean Americans who were born in the United States or emigrated before the age of 4 and were raised in the United States, Korean immigrant women who married American military personnel, Korean children adopted by European American families, and Korean Americans in interethnic or interracial marriages (p. 2).

1KYNE belongs to the third subcultural Korean-American group since he was born in Kentucky, the United States. He was raised in United States before going back to South Korea for career path . It is added that Korean-American family mainly applies cultural and linguistic characteristics of Korean. Furthermore, cultural and also linguistic features of Americans are also applied so as to adapt with the American environment (Kim & Wolpin, 2008, pp. 1-3). It can be concluded that a Korean American is proficient or familiar with both English and

Korean languages.

Meanwhile, U-KISS, which is a seven-member Korean boy-group, is invited as the guest star in this program. U-KISS lineup is composed of Soohyun

(Shin Soo-hyun), Eli (Kim Kyoung-jae), Kiseop (Lee Ki-seop), Hoon (Yeo Hoon- min), AJ (Kim Jae-seop), Kevin (Woo Sung-hyun), and Jun (Lee Jun-young). The two out six of U-KISS members who come to the studio, Eli and Kevin are having no difficulties of speaking in English since they are also Korean-Americans while the rest of the members lack English language background knowledge. Though there are three Korean-Americans in the studio, this research just focuses on the radio announcer since he has amore tendency in inserting code switching to his

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utterances. Becoming a bridge between the guest star, U-KISS which is majority of the members lack English language knowledge and international fans is the reason why the radio announcer tends to insert code switching in his utterances.

The researcher is going to analyze the types and the functions of code switching occurred in the utterances used by the radio announcer, 1KYNE.

B. Problem Formulation

There are two problems formulated for the purpose of this study:

1. What are the types of code switching used by the radio announcer in

Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014?

2. What are the functions of the code switching used by the announcer?

C. Objectives of the Study

The research objectives of this study are first to discover the types of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop Radio Program on 9 June

2014 based on its grammatical unit. Second, after identifying the types of code switching, the researcher distinguishes the functions of the code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop Radio Program on 9 June 2014 based on the context of the utterance.

D. Definition of Terms

The researcher provides some explanations related to some terms that are discussed in the study in order to make this research understandable and avoid wrong interpretation. The terms that are used in the study are sociolinguistics, code switching, code mixing, and radio talk show.

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According to Radford, Atkinson, Britain, Clahsen, and Spencer, sociolinguistics is “the study of relationship between language use and the structure of society” (Radford et al, 1999, p. 16). In other words, sociolinguistics is one of linguistics subfields concerning the way in which language and people behave toward each other. It is also stated further that how the language is used might be affected by some factors, such as social backgrounds and bond of both of two parties, the talker and the listener, and interaction circumstances (Radford et al, 1999, p. 16).

Code switching can be described as a general phenomenon occuring in bilingual speech where two languages at minimum appearing within sentence or utterance boundaries in communicating. This is in line with Grosjean (1982) that the meaning of code switching is “the alternate use of two or more languages in the same utterance or conversation” (as cited in Srinivas, 2008, p. 308).

Code mixing is also another phenomenon occurred in bilingualism. It can be found when the speaker alternates two languages in one sentence. The variance between code switching and code mixing is delivered by McLaughin, as quoted by Hoffmann

The distinction between mixing and switching by referring to code- switches as language changes occurring across phrase or sentences boundaries, whereas code-mixes take place within sentences and usually involve single lexical items (1991, p. 110).

In conclusion, the significant difference is that code switching takes place in the sentence boundaries, yet code mixing occurs within a sentence involving lexical a word or a set of words which acts a unit of meaning.

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According to International Encyclopedia of the Social Science, a radio talk show can be defined as a radio program hosted by a radio announcer where the listeners only rely on the conversation. In the radio talk show some elements, such as interviews, question-and-answer session, storytelling, are blended with music. Sometimes some guests are invited to be interviewed in such program. For an international radio program, the listeners are provided to send their questions, comments, or requests to the radio announcer. (International Encyclopedia of the

Social Science, para. 1-2).

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

In Chapter II, the researcher reviews relevant studies in order to support this study. The aim of this chapter is providing basic principles of the research.

Thus, this chapter consists of three parts which are review of related studies, review of related theories, and theoretical framework.

A. Review of Related Studies

There are two studies which are related to this study. Two related studies discuss the phenomenon of code switching. The first research is an undergraduate thesis written by Kapa (2014) entitled “Code Switching as Seen in Hitam Putih

Talk Show in 12 June 2013”. Kapa, in her study, conducts two problem formulations which are what the types and what the functions of code switching used by Joe Taslim, Dedy Corbuzier, and Daniel Mananta utterances in Hitam

Putih Talk Show on 12 June 2013. In order to analyze the data, two theories about types of code switching from Stockwell (2002) and functions of code switching from Gumperz (1982) are applied in her study. In her conclusion, Intra-sentential switching and personalization vs objectivization function are primarily used

(Kapa, 2014, p. 50).

The second one is an article written by Zebari (2014) entitled

“Conversational Code-Switching between Arabic and Kurdish in Duhok City”. In his study, the writer identifies the conversational functions of code switching between Kurdish and Arabic among Kurds speakers in Duhok city. He states that

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all the six conversational functions of code switching conducted by Gumperz

(1982) were found in his finding and discussion (Zebari, 2014, pp. 2464-2465).

Based on two previous studies, the researcher finds out similar and different aspects as well. Here, the studies done by Kapa and Zebari are helpful in order to process this research. The main similarity this research with both of the researches reviewed before is dealing the phenomenon of code switching. Another similarity is the theories used in the reviewed studies are adapted in order to identify two problems formulated in this study. Even though the object of this study is different which is dealing with English-Korean code switching, both studies help the researcher understand the theories better which are used to solve the problems formulation.

B. Review of Related Theories

` There are several theories elaborated for this research. The theories used are bilingualism and bilingual, code switching, code switching versus code mixing, types of code switching, and functions of code switching.

1. Bilingualism and Bilinguals

Briefly, people interpret bilingualism as having an ability using at least two languages. Bilingualism is formed in multicultural society. According to

Hoffmann, “The practice of alternately using two languages will be called bilingualism, and the person involved, bilingual” (1991, p. 15).

Generally, most people see a bilingual as a person using two languages.

Skutnabb-Kangas (1981) gives an explanation of the definition of an „ideal bilingual‟

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A bilingual speaker is someone who is able to function in two (or more) languages, either in monolingual or bilingual communities, in accordance with the sociocultural demands made of an individual‟s communicative and cognitive competence by these communities or by the individual herself, at the same level as native speakers, and who is able positively to identify with both (or all) language groups (and cultures) or parts of them (as cited in Beswick, 2007, p. 13).

In addition, Weinreich delivers another idea about an „ideal bilingual.‟

Weinreich states that “the ideal bilingual switches from one language to another according to appropriate changes in the speech situation (interlocutors, topic, etc.), but not in unchanged speech situation and certainly not within a single sentence”

(1968, p. 73). Both of the definitions above describe an ideal bilingual. However,

Weinreich highlights that the „ideal bilingual‟ is an individual who utters within sentences boundaries, not within a single sentence. The phenomenon when a bilingual switches from a language to another language in a conversation is called code switching.

2. Code Switching versus Code Mixing

Code refers to a specific way used among certain people in communication. As stated by Yun, “a code means any style, variety, dialect, or language” (2009, p. 10). In addition, Wardhaugh also states that code is “a system used by at least two people to exchange or impart information or news (1992, p.

103).

Based the statement of Myres-Scotton and Ury (1977), code switching is any distinctive feature form of a language or linguistic expression of interaction of slightly two languages‟ interaction (as cited in Jones, 2013, p. 39). It is also supported by Grosjean (1982) that the meaning of code switching is “the alternate

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use of two or more languages in the same utterance or conversation” (as cited in

Srinivas, 2008, p. 308). In other words, code switching is the phenomenon, a result of bilingualism, where the speaker uses two languages in a conversation.

Another result of bilingualism is code mixing. This phenomenon can be found when the speaker uses two languages within a sentence. The difference between code switching and code mixing is delivered by McLaughin, as quoted by Hoffmann

In other words, the significant difference is that code switching happens in the sentence boundaries. Meanwhile, code mixing occurs within a sentence involving lexical a word or a set of words which acts a unit of meaning.

3. Types of Code Switching

According to Poplack (1980) as cited by Michael (2010, pp. 134-135), there are three types of code switching, namely tag switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching. a. Tag Switching

Tag switching involves a tag or a parenthetical in another language in purpose to express the mood of the speaker. Tag switching can occur in any position of an independent sentence. The example of tag switching type can be seen below used by Cantonese-English speaker:

keoi5 m4 hai6 hou2helpful gaa3, you know (S/he‟s not very helpful, you know) (Michael, 2010, p. 134)

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In the example above, the speaker does code switching by inserting an English tag

“you know” within a sentence in Cantonese. Tag switching here appears in the final position of the sentence. Another example of tag switching is provided below.

I was happy about that, capisci? (I was happy about that, do you understand?) (Cantone, 2007, p. 58)

In this case, the other example found in the utterance of an English-Italian speaker. The speaker here interjects an Italian tag “capisci” in the ending of his

English sentence. Tag switching occurs in the final position of the sentence. b. Inter-sentential Switching

Inter-sentential switching appears in clause or sentence boundaries from one language to another language. Intonation can be a signal to distinguish the clause and sentence boundaries in speech (Wells, 2006, p. 11). There are some intonation variations in Korean sentence: neutral statements (falling or flat intonation), yes-no questions (rising intonation), wh questions (rising or falling intonation), soft sounding, nondemanding wh questions (rising intonation), and commands (falling or prolonged intonation) (Choo & O‟Grady, 2003, pp. 103-

104). Here is an example of inter-sentential switching from a Cantonese-English speaker:

keoi5 cam4jat6 ceng2 ngo5, but I didn‟t feel like going (S/he invited me yesterday, but I didn‟t feel like going) (Michael, 2010, p. 134)

The speaker uses Cantonese for the first clause and English for the second clause.

The example above appears within clause boundaries within a sentence. Another

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example is an Italian-English code switching.

A: Do you know Pavarotti‟s newest song? B: Yes, I know it. È una bellissima canzone. (Yes, I know it. It is a beautiful song) A: Anche a me piace (Also to me like (I) it) (Cantone, 2007, p. 58)

Inter-sentential switching occurs in the sentence boundaries. The speaker B speaks in English in the first sentence, then he switches his language to Italian in the second sentence. c. Intra-sentential Switching

Intra-sentential switching exists within single sentence and it contains an insertion of a smaller morphosyntactic constituent, such as words and phrases.

Intra-sentential switching and tag switching might seem similar, but the difference is that tag switching only requires the sentence filler. If the intra-sentential switching is reduced, the sentence construction will be ruined. For the example of intra-sentential switching of a Cantonese-English speaker:

jan1wai6 keoi5 tung4 ngo5 were staring at each other (Because s/he and I were staring at each other) (Michael, 2010, p. 135)

In this situation, the speaker inserts the English verb phrase “were staring at each other” for his Cantonese sentence. This English verb phrase cannot be omitted since the meaning of the sentence will be violated.

I love that Kleid (I love that dress) (Cantone, 2007, p. 58)

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The sentence above is an example of an Italian-English code switching. The speaker inserts an Italian word “Kleid” into the English sentence. The case of code switching stands as the object of the sentence.

4. Functions for Code Switching

There is a variety of functions of code switching delivered by the sociolinguists. However, according to Gumperz (1982, pp. 75-84), there are six functions of code switching. They are quotation, addressee specification, interjection, reiteration, message qualification and personalization versus objectivization. a. Quotation

This is applicable in the term of either direct or reported speech. In this situation, the speaker tends to repeat what is being quoted in the language what they have just heard. As an example, there is a conversation consisted Spanish-

English code switching between two Chicano proffesionals.

She doesn‟t speak English, so, dice que la reganan: “Si se les va olvidar el idioma a las criaturas” (she says that they would scold her: “the children are surely going to forget their language”). (Gumperz, 1982, p. 76)

In this case, the topic of the speaker is talking about her baby-sitter. The speaker reports exactly what her baby-sister has just said in Spanish. b. Addressee Specification

In this circumstance, the speaker will switch to a different language in conveying a direct message to particular person. The addressee specification can occur because of several possible addresses. In the following example, a group of

Hindi students are discussing the subject of Hindi-English code switching.

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A: Sometimes you get excited and then you speak in Hindi, then again you go on to English. B: No nonsense, it depends on your command of English. A: [shortly thereafter turning to third participant, who has just returned from answering the doorbell] Kɔn hai bai (who is it)? (Gumperz, 1982, p. 77) In this kind of situation, speaker A is able to speak in both English and

Hindi. Speaker A speaks in English to speaker B. Meanwhile, speaker A delivers his message directly in Hindi to the third participant. c. Interjection

Interjection as the function is used to mark an interjection or sentence filler. The use of interjection is usually to express more about the feeling or emotion of the speaker. For further understanding, there is a conversation of

Chicano professionals. Spanish-English code switching occurs in the utterance created by the speaker B.

A: Well, I‟m glad I met you. B: Andale pues. (O.K. swell). And do come again. Mm? (Gumperz, 1982, p. 77)

In this situation, the Chicano professionals are saying goodbye after having been introduced by a third participant. Speaker B uses a Spanish exclamation “Andale pues” which is used as a pause to consider the next words. d. Reiteration

This occurs when a message is restated in the other code. The form of code switching could be a literal translation or a paraphrase. It can function as a clarification or emphasis of what the meaning of their message is. For instance, there is a conversation between a father and his son containing English-Hindi code switching.

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Keep straight. Sidha jao [louder] (keep straight) (Gumperz, 1982, p. 78)

In the first sentence, the speaker says “keep straight” has the same meaning with the second sentence which is said in Hindi, “sidha jao”.The repetition of the sentence “keep straight” exists because the speaker wants to emphasize that his son has to follow his instruction to keep straight. e. Message Qualification

Message qualification occurs when the speaker wants to give more explanations for the main topic which has been stated in the preceding. Here, the example is the sentence used by the speaker who switches the language from

English to Spanish in giving explanation.

The oldest one, la grande la de once años (the big one who is eleven years old). (Gumperz, 1982, p. 79)

In the example above, the speaker uses English to convey the main message, but even so he also uses Spanish in order to qualify the main point of the sentence. In this case, it is believed that the aim of using Spanish for pointing out the main message is to make it more understandable and clearer for the receiver. f. Personalization versus Objectivization

In this situation, code switching functions as reflection of an opinion or knowledge of the speaker. It also can refer to specific instances or to a generally known fact. In this function, the degree and relative distance of the speaker are involved too. An example for personalization versus objectivization is in a conversation betwen college student consisting Hindi-English code switching.

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A: Vaišna ai (did Vaishna come)? B: She was supposed to see me at nine-thirty at Karol Bag. A: Karol Bag? B: ɔr mãî nɔ bəĵe ghərse nikla (and I left the house at nine) (Gumperz, 1982, p. 80)

In the example above, the English sentence used by speaker B reflects how the speaker B views the appointment as a true statement, not including personal feeling. In explaining his own actions, speaker B uses Hindi again.

C. Theoretical Framework

This research aims to comprehend the phenomena of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014. There are two research problems formulated in this study, the types of code switching and the functions in the utterances created by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop

Program on 9 June 2014.

In categorizing the types of code switching, the researcher considered the theory delivered by Poplack (1980). There are three types of code switching, namely tag switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching.

All the data of code switching found will be classified based on the theory.

Afterwards, the researcher employs the theory conducted by Gumperz

(1982) in identifying the functions code switching in the utterances produced by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014. Each expression with code switching will be classified based on the context in each of his utterance. There are six functions of code switching, namely quotation, addressee specification, interjection, reiteration, message qualification, and personalization versus objectivization.

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A. Object of the Study

Super K-Pop, a radio talk show aired on 9 June 2014 was chosen as the primary source of the data in order to conduct this research. In this episode, the interview mainly was about the promotion of a Korean boy group U-KISS‟ new album, Mono Scandal. Also, there was a session when the radio announcer,

1KYNE, read the messages sent by the international Kiss Me, a fan club name of

U-KISS. The video was recorded and uploaded to Youtube by the fans and the length of the video was 41‟ 41‟‟. As having been mentioned in Chapter I, the objectives of this research were to analyze what types and what functions of code switching used by the radio announcer, 1KYNE.

B. Approach of the Study

This research was conducted by using sociolinguistic approach since it deals with one of the various language practices in a community. As stated by

Radford et al, sociolinguistics is “the study of relationship between language use and the structure of society” (1999, p. 16). Examining the relation between the language and the society with some consideration regarding the speaker and the listener, sociolinguistics perspective was applicable to this research.

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C. Method of the Study a. Data Collection

The major research instrument of this research is audio-visual recording.

Basically, the video which the researcher relies on during gathering the data was an interview between the radio announcer, 1KYNE and the guest star, U-KISS.

The data were collected through purposive sampling, meaning to say that the researcher carefully choose only the essential population suitable to the research

(Boeije, 2010, p. 35). Any utterance of 1KYNE consisting English-Korean code switching was considered as the data.

This research was done by using qualitative research method so as to understand the code switching phenomenon occurred in the radio announcer‟s utterances. As the occurrence of code switching involved in the varied circumstances on the Korean radio program Super K-Pop was classified as one of the use of language among the natural phenomena, this research can be categorized as a qualitative research. In line with Bogdan & Biklen as cited in

Boeije, there is a set of technique involved in the qualitative research data analysis

Data analysis is the process of systematically searching and arranging the interview transcripts, field notes and other materials that you accumulate to increase your own understanding of them and to enable you to present what you have discovered to other. Analysis involves working with data, organizing them, breaking them into manageable units, synthesizing them, searching for patterns, discovering what is important and what is to be learned, and deciding what will you tell to others (2010, p. 76).

The data needed was collected by taking the video of Super K-Pop program aired on 9 June 2014 from a video-sharing website, Youtube. For the purpose of data analysis, the researcher made an interview transcription of the

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program, which serves as the raw data, in the form of a table and numbered every utterance made by the radio announcer and the guest star. Since Super K-Pop is

English-language radio program, every Korean word performing as code switching cases in the interview was italicized. Meanwhile, the other languages existed in this program were underlined in order to avoid misunderstanding.

Afterward, the researcher selected the data needed by highlighting the utterances of the radio announcer containing code switching cases from the beginning until the end of the interview. The data displayed in the form of a table.

Here, the researcher also provided Korean-English translation for each data. In assigning a code for the purpose of data analysis, a set of coding DT(number of

Data)/UT(number of Utterance) was used. For instance, DT(28)/UT(74) refers to the radio announcer‟s utterance number 74 and it belongs to data number 28. b. Data Analysis

To record the observation of the data, the utterances of the radio announcer containing code switching cases, the researcher used a table as the medium which was for both research problems formulated. The first column was used for numbering the data of code switching. The code switching cases were listed based on the order of occurrences in the video.

In the second column, the cases of code switching found in the radio announcer‟s utterances were listed. The researcher also added the utterance numbers by putting them stacked inside brackets beside the utterances. Here, every code switching case analyzed was marked in bold and a Korean-English translation was provided below the utterance for each code switching bolded.

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The third column was provided in order to answer the first problem formulation, what types of code switching were used by the radio announcer.

Based on theory conducted by Poplack (1980), there are types of code switching which are tag switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching.

At any time the phenomenon of code switching occurred, the researcher classified and put a checklist () symbol on the specified coloumn. In order to determine what type of code switching it belonged, first both the meaning and grammatical unit of the code switching case were analyzed. There were five fundamental grammatical units, namely morpheme, word, phrase, clause, sentence. The next step was processing the data by matching each code switching case‟s meaning and grammatical unit to the certain criteria of each code switching type. Each type of code switching was also given a code: TS referred to tag switching, IE referred to inter-sentential switching, IA referred to intra-sentential switching.

The fourth column was arranged to solve the second problem formulation, what functions of code switching were used by the radio announcer. According to the theory from Gumperz (1982), there are six functions of code switching which are quotations, addressee specification, interjections, reiteration, message qualification and personalization versus objectivization. In order to determine what function of code switching it belonged, first both the meaning and context of the utterance when the radio utterance altered occured were analyzed. The next step was processing the data by matching each code switching case‟s meaning and context to the certain criteria of each code switching function. After finding out the function of code each code switching case, the researcher categorized and put

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a checklist () symbol on the specified column. Every function of code switching was labeled with certain code: Q referred to quotation, A referred to addressee specification, I referred to interjection, R referred to reiteration, M referred to message qualification, and P referred to personalization versus objectivization.

Type of Code Switching Function of Code Switching No. Utterance TS IE IA Q A I R M P

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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS (RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS)

As stated previously, two research problems are conducted in this research. The research problems discussed in this study are what types and functions of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop program on 9 June 2014. The findings and discussions related to those research problems will be presented in this chapter.

A. Types of Code Switching Used by the Radio Announcer in Super K-

Pop on 9 June 2014

After analyzing the first problem about what types of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop on 9 June 2014, the researcher found that there were three types of code switching, namely tag switching (TS), inter- sentential switching (IE), and intra-sentential switching (IA).

There were 94 utterances of the radio announcer containing English-

Korean code switching. However, some of the utterances contain more than one case of code switching. Therefore, there were 99 cases of code switching which belonged to the data of this research. In order to show which type of code switching was used the most by the radio announcer, the researcher provided a table containing the percentage of the type of code switching. The occurrence of the types of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop on 9 June

2014 could be seen in the table below.

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Table 1. The Occurrence of Types of Code Switching Used by the Radio Announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014

No. Type of Code Switching Number of Frequency

1. Tag switching 7

2. Inter-sentential switching 91

3. Intra-sentential switching 1

Total 99

It can be concluded that the most dominant type of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop on 9 June 2014 was inter-sentential switching. The frequency of inter-sentential switching was 92%. For tag switching, the percentage of occurance was 7%. Meanwhile, the third type of code switching which was intra-sentential switching occured 1%. Each type of code switching used by the radio announcer would be discussed in the next part by explaining some code switching cases.

1. Tag Switching

Tag switching involves a tag or a parenthetical in another (Michael, 2010, p. 134). The occurrence of tag switching does not give any significant meaning to the sentence. If tag switching is omitted, it will not distract the main message of the sentence. In the finding, there are 7 data which belong to tag switching. Some examples are provided below.

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Code Utterance and Translation DT(78)/UT(518) Jom = [PLEASE.] Context of the Conversation 516. 1KYNE Soohyun. This one is from Philippine and her name is Yhey. (reading the fan‟s message) “Jun and Soohyun, can you please blow me a kiss?” 517. Kevin Khamera bogo Yheyhante… [LOOK AT THE CAMERA AND FOR YHEY...] 518. 1KYNE Khamera bosigo kiss jom… [LOOK AT THE CAMERA AND PLEASE KISS...]

In DT(78)/UT(518), the case of code switching “jom” occurs in the last part of the third sentence. The case of code switching here occurs as a Korean exclamation and it is the form of a single word. The word “jom” which means

“please” in English is the second code switching case in the sentence “Khamera bosigo kiss jom...”

The word “jom” does not give any specific meaning to the sentence. In this context, it is used as a polite way in order to soften the request of the radio announcer. If it is deleted, the message of the sentence will remain the same. The main point of the sentence is the radio announcer asks U-KISS‟ members,

Soohyun and Jun to look at the camera while doing the request of a fan named

Yhey. She asks U-KISS‟ members, Soohyun and Jun, to blow a kiss for her.

The next example of tag switching which occurs between the speaker‟s turns is explained below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(41)/UT(259) Ne, ne. = [YES, YES.] Context of the Conversation 251. 1KYNE Her name is Anna Suriah Mazean. (reading fan‟s message) “If you guys were given a chance to go on vacation, which place would you choose to go?”Manyake yeohaengeul kal su ittdamyeon eodiro kago sipnayo?

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[IF YOU CAN GO ON A TRIP, WHERE WOULD YOU LIKE TO GO?] 252. Eli Juni! [JUN] 253. 1KYNE Junssibuteo sijakhalkkayo? [SHALL WER START FROM JUN?] 254. Hoon Magnaebuteo [FROM THE YOUNGEST ONE.] 255. Kevin Jun… 256. Jun Jeoneun ilbon kagosipeoyo… [I WOULD LIKE TO GO TO JAPAN] 257. 1KYNE Ah! Ilbon. [OH! JAPAN.] 258. Jun Geuttae hyeongdeurirang gatchi ilbone jamkkan kasseottneunde… [AT THAT TIME I WENT TO JAPAN FOR A WHILE WITH THE OTHER MEMBERS...] 259. 1KYNE Ne, ne. [YES, YES] 260. Jun Hwansangieosseoyo. Mwodeun cheom kattneunde neomu johaseo. Najunge hyugareul badeumyeon honja ilbone kago sipeoyo. [IT WAS A DREAM. IT WAS GOOD BECAUSE I WENT FOR THE FIRST TIME. NEXT TIME WHEN I GET HOLIDAY, I WANT TO GO TO JAPAN ALONE.] 261. 1KYNE So Jun wants to go to Japan because when he went for first time, it was very fantastic and he had good memories. And yeah it‟s a great country. I have been there three times. Hoonssineunyo? [MR. HOON?]

In DT(41)/UT(259), the code switching case “Ne, ne” which means “Yes, yes” appears as a Korean exclamation. The form of this code switching case is an exclamatory sentence. The code switching here does not mean that the radio announcer gives an affirmative answer. The code switching is an expression showing that the speaker is paying attention to what is being explained.

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The language switch here does not contribute any significant meaning. If the sentence “Ne, ne” is omitted, the flow of the conversation will not be distracted. In this context, the radio announcer produces the code switching in the middle of Jun‟s explanation. Jun is giving an answer to a fan‟s question who asks about which country that he wants to go as travel destination. In the middle of

Jun‟s explanation, the radio announcer reacts to Jun‟s explanation and shows that he understands what is being explained by using the code switching “Ne, ne.”

2. Inter-sentential Switching

Inter-sentential switching appears in the clause or sentence boundaries

(Michael, 2010, p. 134). In the finding, there are 96 data which belong to inter- sentential switching. Some examples are provided below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(35)/UT(217) Ibeon geon migukeseo wattseumnida. = [THIS MESSAGE CAME FROM THE U.S.] Context of the Conversation 212. 1KYNE Yeah, we are… couple years ago I played basketball with Hoon and Kiseop… and Eli! So yeah, it was very fun and hopefully we can play basketball. 213. Kevin Yeah… yeah… 214. Eli Yeah. 215. 1KYNE Because it‟s very good… 216. Kevin Let‟s go to Hangang soon! [LET‟S GO TO HAN RIVER SOON!] 217. 1KYNE Let‟s go to Han River soon. Alright, we have so many questions, so we have to move on. Ibeon geon migukeseo wattseumnida. [THIS MESSAGE CAME FROM THE U.S.] 218. Kevin Woo! (screaming) 219. 1KYNE Her name is Charmaine.

In DT(35)/UT(217), the sentence “Ibeon geon migukeseo wattseumnida” which means “This message came from the U.S.” is categorized into inter-

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sentential switching since it occurs within sentence boundaries marked by intonation. It can be shown from: “Let‟s go to Han River soon (falling intonation)

Alright, we have so many questions, so we have to move on (falling intonation)

Ibeon geon migukeseo wattseumnida (falling intonation).” Since the radio announcer uses falling intonation at the end of the third sentence, it indicates that the code switching case appears as a declarative sentence. The next example of inter-sentential switching which appears as a declarative sentence is explained below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(2)/UT(13) Ireohke wajusyeoseo neomu kamsahamnida. = [THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR COMING!] Context of the Conversation 10. Kevin I kept my promise. 11. 1KYNE Yes? 12. Kevin I brought everyone in this studio! Woo! (screaming) 13. 1KYNE I‟m so glad that U-KISS is here. Ireohke wajusyeoseo neomu kamsahamnida. [THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR COMING!]

In DT(2)/UT(13), the case of code switching “Ireohke wajusyeoseo neomu kamsahamnida” which means “Thank you for coming!” occurs in the second sentence of the utterance. It is categorized as inter-sentential switching since the code switching occurs in the sentence boundaries. Intonation is used in order to distinguish the boundaries of the sentence. Thus, it can be seen as: “I‟m so glad that U-KISS is here (falling intonation) Ireohke wajusyeoseo neomu kamsahamnida (falling intonation).” Since the radio announcer uses falling intonation at the end of the second sentence, it indicates that the code switching case appears as a declarative sentence. The next example of inter-sentential

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switching which appears as an interrogative sentence is explained below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(97)/UT(703) Masittneungeot manhi sajusinayo? = [DOES HE BUY A LOT OF DELICIOUS FOOD?] Context of the Conversation 693. Kevin (reading the fan‟s message) “I‟m huge Kiss Me. I‟m so happy you guys are here. You‟re always interactive with fans and especially trying to reach out to those internationally. I have one question since there‟s a new member who happens to be my age, seventeen, which member likes to take care of him the most so far?” Jeil jalchaengkyeojuneun maembeo… (chuckling) [THE MEMBER WHO LIKES TO TAKE CARE THE MOST...] (...) 698. Jun Soohyunihyeongiyo! [SOOHYUN!] 699. U-KISS Woo! 700. Kevin Igeo… igeo… akka sikhingeo gateunde. [THIS... THIS... IT SEEMS HE GAVE AN ORDER A WHILE AGO.] 701. Soohyun Naega eonje sikyeosseo… [WHEN DID I GIVE AN ORDER...] 702. Kevin I think Soohyun… (not clear) 703. 1KYNE So Soohyun takes care of Jun the most. Like, you buy him a lot of food? Masittneungeot manhi sajusinayo? [DOES HE BUY A LOT OF DELICIOUS FOOD?]

In DT(97)/UT(703), the case of code switching “Masittneungeot manhi sajusinayo?” which means “Does he buy a lot of food?” occurs in the third sentence of the utterance. It is categorized as inter-sentential switching since the code switching occurs within the sentence boundaries. Intonation is used in order to distinguish the boundaries of the sentence. It can be seen as: “So Soohyun takes care of Jun the most (falling intonation) Like, you buy him a lot of food? (rising intonation) Masittneungeot manhi sajusinayo? (rising intonation)” Since the radio

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announcer uses rising intonation at the end of the third sentence, it indicates that the code switching case appears as an interrogative sentence. The next example of inter-sentential switching which appears as an interrogative sentence is explained below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(98)/UT(716) Music video chwalyeongeseo jeil eosaekhaettdeon saram nuguyo? = [WHO WAS THE MOST AWKWARD PERSON WHILE SHOOTING THE MUSIC VIDEO?] Context of the Conversation 714. 1KYNE We have a question from the Philippines, and her name is Joanna Eskanalia. 715. Kevin Joanna. Hello. 716. 1KYNE (reading the fan‟s message) “Who‟s the most awkward with the music video?” Music video chwalyeongeseo jeil eosaekhaettdeon saram nuguyo? [WHO WAS THE MOST AWKWARD PERSON WHILE SHOOTING THE MUSIC VIDEO?] 717. Kevin Kkobja. [LET‟S SELECT!] 718. 1KYNE Kkobja! [LET‟S SELECT!] 719. U-KISS Hana… dul… set! (laughing) Hoon… [ONE.. TWO... THREE!]

In DT(98)/UT(716), the case of code switching “Music video chwalyeongeseo jeil eosaekhaettdeon saram nuguyo?” means “Who was the most awkward person while shooting the music video?” occurs in the second sentence of the utterance. Since the language switch occurs in the sentence boundaries, it is categorized as inter-sentential switching. Intonation is used as a mark to distinguish the limitation of each sentence. This can be seen: “(reading the fan‟s message) “Who‟s the most awkward with the music video?” (falling intonation) Music video chwalyeongeseo jeil eosaekhaettdeon saram nuguyo?

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(rising intonation)” Since the radio announcer uses rising intonation at the end of the second sentence, it indicates that the code switching case appears as an interrogative sentence. The next example of inter-sentential switching which appears as an imperative sentence is explained below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(23)/UT(144) Greekpaen yeoreobundeureul wihaeseo jamkkan “saranghamnida” ireohke haejuseyo.= [FOR YOUR GREEK FANS, PLEASE SAY “WE LOVE YOU”!] Context of the Conversation 144. 1KYNE So yeah… thank you for rapping that. And (continuing reading the fan‟s message) “Can you guys say “we love you” to your Greek fans?” Geurikpaen yeoreobundeureul wihaeseo jamkkan “saranghamnida” ireohke haejuseyo. [FOR YOUR GREEK FANS, PLEASE SAY “WE LOVE YOU”!] 145. Eli To all Greek Kiss Mes 146. Kevin (giggling) 147. U-KISS (shouting) Saranghaeyo! [WE LOVE YOU!] 148. Eli We love you!

In DT(23)/UT(144), the code switching case “Geurikpaen yeoreobundeureul wihaeseo jamkkan “saranghamnida” ireohke haejuseyo” which means “For your Greek fans, please say „we love you‟!” occurs in the third sentence of the utterance. This code switching appears in the form of an interrogative sentence. Because the code switching case occurs within the sentence boundaries, it is classified as inter-sentential switching. Intonation is used in order to distinguish the boundary of the sentence. Thus, it is shown as:

“So yeah… thank you for rapping that (falling intonation) And (continuing reading the fan‟s message) “Can you guys say “we love you” to your Greek

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fans?” (rising intonation) Geurikpaen yeoreobundeureul wihaeseo jamkkan

“saranghamnida” ireohke haejuseyo (falling intonation).” Since the radio announcer uses falling intonation at the end of the fourth sentence, it indicates that the code switching case appears as an interrogative sentence. The next example of inter-sentential switching which appears as an imperative sentence is explained below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(7)/UT(54) Jamkkan aelbeom hongbo jom haejuseyo. = [PLEASE PROMOTE YOUR ALBUM FOR A WHILE!] Context of the Conversation 49. Kevin Oh! Speaking on album, we have our album for you. All signed by us. 50. 1KYNE Oh! Thank you so much! 51. Soohyun Ne. 52. 1KYNE Aelbeom neomu jal deutgoittseumnida. [I ENJOY YOUR ALBUM SO MUCH.] 53. Soohyun Kamsahamnida (clapping hands). [THANK YOU.] 54. 1KYNE I haven‟t it on replay, now it‟s time for your chance to PR your album right now. Jamkkan aelbeom hongbo jom haejuseyo. [PLEASE PROMOTE YOUR ALBUM FOR A WHILE!]

In DT(7)/UT(54), the sentence “Jamkkan aelbeom hongbo jom haejuseyo” which means “Please promote your album for a while” is categorized into inter-sentential switching since it occurs within sentence boundaries. It can be seen from: “I haven‟t it on replay, now it‟s time for your chance to PR your album right now (falling intonation) Jamkkan aelbeom hongbo jom haejuseyo (falling intonation).” Intonation is used in order to mark the boundary of the sentences.

Since the radio announcer uses falling intonation at the end of the second sentence, it indicates that the code switching case appears as an interrogative

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sentence. The next example of inter-sentential switching which appears as a clause is explained below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(37)/UT(234) apeuro hoksi gwiyeoun khonsepteu hal saenggak ittnayo?= [IS THERE ANY THOUGHT OF DOING A CUTE CONCEPT IN THE FUTURE?] Context of the Conversation 234. 1KYNE And the question is you guys had sexy concept for this album but apeuro hoksi gwiyeoun khonsepteu hal saenggak ittnayo? [AND THE QUESTION IS YOU GUYS HAD SEXY CONCEPT FOR THIS ALBUM BUT IS THERE ANY THOUGHT OF DOING A CUTE CONCEPT IN THE FUTURE?] 235. Kevin Cute concept? 236. Hoon Ijeneun gwiyeoun khonseupeun geumanhago sipheoyo [WE WANT TO STOP DOING A CUTE CONCEPT NOW.] 237. Kevin I don‟t think we ever, you know, had a cute concept as a title track. 238. 1KYNE Right. 239. Kevin But I mean for fans, we have done a lot of tracks just for fans.

In DT(37)/UT(234), the case of code switching “apeuro hoksi gwiyeoun khonsepteu hal saenggak ittnayo?” which means “Is there any thought of doing a cute concept in the future?” appears in the clause boundaries. In this case, the radio announcer uses English in the first clause “And the question is you guys had sexy concept for this album.” Then, he switches his language to Korean in the second clause “apeuro hoksi gwiyeoun khonsepteu hal saenggak ittnayo?” which means “is there any thought of doing a cute concept in the future?” in English.

Both of the clauses are connected by a conjunction “but” which shows contrast ideas. The contrast ideas which the radio announcer highlights are “sexy concept”

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and “gwiyeoun khonsepteu” which means “cute concept” in English.

3. Intra-sentential Switching

Intra-sentential switching occurs in a sentence. It contains a language- switch insertion of a smaller morphosyntactic constituent, such as words and phrases (Michael, 2010, p. 134). In this type, if the case of code switching is deleted, the meaning of the message will be distracted. In the finding, there is a datum which belongs to intra-sentential switching. The datum is provided below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(76)/UT(485) Majimak Romania, Mirela = [THE LAST MESSAGE IS FROM ROMANIA, MIRELA] Context of the Conversation 467. 1KYNE Banggeum eungwonmeseji eomcheong manhi derowattseumnida. [WE GOT SO MANY MESSAGES OF SUPPORT.] This one is from Sweden, Amina. 468. Kevin Sweden. 469. 1KYNE Can you guys say “Hi Amina”? 470. U-KISS Hi Amina… 471. 1KYNE And the next one is from Colombia, Laura. 472. U-KISS Hi Laura… (…) 485. 1KYNE Majimak Romania, Mirela. [THE LAST MESSAGE IS FROM ROMANIA, MIRELA] 486. U-KISS Romania… Mirela…

In DT(76)/UT(485), intra-sentential switching appears in the word boundaries. In this case, the word “majimak” which means “last” in English occurs in the beginning of the utterance “Majimak Romania, Mirela.”

If the case of code switching is omitted, the main point of the message will be distracted. The main point of this sentence is that the radio announcer telling to

U-KISS that the last message of support sent by their fans is from Romania and

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the name of the sender is Mirela. The word “majimak” stands as the adjective of the subject while the subject and predicate of the sentence are absence.

B. Functions of Code Switching Used by the Radio Announcer is Super

K-Pop on 9 June 2014

The second problem analyzed was what functions of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop on 9 June 2014. According to theory conducted by Gumperz (1982), there were six functions of code switching, which were quotation (Q), addressee specification (A), interjection (I), reiteration (R), message qualification (M), and personalization versus objectivization (P).

After the whole data were analyzed, the writer found that code switching employed by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop talk show on 9 June 2014 only have functions as addressee specification, interjection, reiteration, message qualification, and personalization versus objectivization.

In order to show which type of code switching used the most by the radio announcer, the researcher provided a table containing the occurance of the function of code switching. The occurrence of the functions of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop on 9 June 2014 can be seen in the table below.

Table 2. The Occurrence Functions of Code Switching Used by the Radio Announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014

No. Function of Code Switching Number of Frequency

1. Quotation -

2. Addressee specification 29

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3. Interjection 7

4. Reiteration 32

5. Message qualification 11

6. Personalization versus objectivization 20

Total 99

It can be concluded that the most dominant function of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop on 9 June 2014 was reiteration with the percentage of occurrences was 32%. For the other functions of code switching, addressee specification occured 29%, personalization versus objectivization occured 20%, message qualification occured 11%, and interjection appeared occured 7%.

1. Addressee Specification

Addressee specification means that the speaker switches to a different language in conveying a message directly to particular person due to several possible addresses (Gumperz, 1982, p. 77). Based on findings, there are 29 cases of code switching which function as addressee specification. Some examples are provided below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(43)/UT(276) Teukbyeolhan iyuga ittnayo? = [IS THERE ANY SPECIAL REASON?] Context of the Conversation 273. 1KYNE So, Soohyun wants to go to Malaysia to meet you, Anna. And… he wants to go to Malaysia. Kiseopssineunyo? [MR . KISEOP?] 274. Kiseop Jeoneun hawaie kago sipeoyo. [I WANT TO GO TO HAWAII]

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275. U-KISS Hawaii… 276. 1KYNE Teukbyeolhan iyuga ittnayo? [IS THERE ANY SPECIAL REASON?] 277. Kiseop Bada neulmanhi bogo jom nolgo sipeoyo. Haebyeongaeseo. [I ALWAYS WANT TO SEE AND PLAY ON THE BEACH. ON SEASIDE.] 278. 1KYNE So, as you know, Kiseop wants to go Hawaii because they have a lot of beaches and he just wants to chill around the beach area. What about you, Eli?

According to DT(43)/UT(276), the language switch “Teukbyeolhan iyuga ittnayo?” appears as a sentence and it is classified as addressee specification. The type of this code switching is inter-sentential switching. The context of the utterance is the main consideration in determining the function of code switching.

The situation when this utterance occurs is that previously the radio announcer explains a question from fan asking U-KISS‟ travel destination choices. Thus,

Kiseop chooses Hawaii as his travel destination and it makes the radio announcer asking the reason behind choosing Hawaii as his travel destionation. Then, the radio announcer delivers a question “Teukbyeolhan iyuga ittnayo?” which means

“Is there any special reason?” directly to Kiseop.

As stated before, there are some possibilities why the speaker switches the language to a certain addressee. In this case, the reason why the radio announcer shifts his language to Korean is that Kiseop lacks of English language knowledge.

Since the addressee lacks of English language knowledge, the radio announcer uses Korean language instead of English language in order to avoid misunderstanding for the addressee. The next example of addressee specification is explained below.

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Code Utterance and Translation DT(84)/UT(579) Hanbeon boyeojuseyo jamjalttae. = [PLEASE SHOW HOW YOU SLEEP!] Context of the Conversation 572. 1KYNE So when Hoon sleeps, he has tendency to move his fingers like this… (imitating the sleep habit) 573. Soohyun Ne. 574. Kevin Like this? Finger popping. 575. 1KYNE Hoksi kkumeseo chumchugo ittneungeongayo? [PERHAPS ARE YOU DANCING IN YOUR DREAM?] 576. Hoon Anyo, jeoneun kkumeul ankkwoyo. [NO, I DON‟T DREAM] 577. Kevin He has no dreams. 578. Hoon Gwisin… jinjja gwisin… [GHOST... REALLY A GHOST.] 579. 1KYNE Hanbeon boyeojuseyo jamjalttae. [PLEASE SHOW HOW YOU SLEEP!] 580. U-KISS (laughing) 581. Kiseop Hana… dul… set! (snapping his fingers) [ONE... TWO... THREE!] 582. Hoon (showing his sleeping habit)

In DT(84)/UT(579), the code switching case “Hanbeon boyeojuseyo jamjalttae” appears as a sentence and it is classified as addressee specification.

The type of this code switching belongs to inter-sentential switching. The context when this utterance occurs is that previously the radio announcer explains a question from fan asking the sleeping habit of U-KISS‟ members. The members of U-KISS explain that Hoon has a sleeping habit. Then, the radio announcer delivers a command to Hoon “Hanbeon boyeojuseyo jamjalttae” which means

“Please show how you sleep.”

There are some possibilities why the speaker changes the language to a specific addressee. In this case, the radio announcer switches his language to

Korean because Hoon lacks English language knowledge. Since the addressee

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lacks of English language knowledge, the radio announcer uses Korean language instead of English language in order to avoid misunderstanding for the addressee.

The next example of addressee specification is explained below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(86)/UT(593) Finland ka bon jeok ittnayo? = [HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO FINLAND?] Context of the Conversation 589. 1KYNE Alright, we have another one from Finland. Finlandeseo wattseumnida. [ANOTHER MESSAGE FROM FINLAND.] 590. Soohyun Finland. 591. 1KYNE Her name is Ellena. 592. Kevin Hi Ellena. 593 1KYNE (reading the fan‟s message) “To U-KISS. I love you guys so much. Can you come to Finland someday?” Finland ka bon jeok ittnayo? [HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO FINLAND?] 594. Kevin Ajik obseoyo [NOT YET.] Not yet. 595. Kiseop Pindlandeuneun… (mumbling). [FINLAND...]

Based on DT(86)/UT(593), the language shift uttered by the radio announcer “Finland ka bon jeok ittnayo?” which means “Have you ever been to

Finland?” also belongs to addressee specification. The type of this code switching case is inter-sentential switching. In this context, a fan of U-KISS from the

Finland named Ellena asks U-KISS to come to Finland someday. Afterwards, the radio announcer asks if they have ever been to Finland or not.

The radio announcer‟s language switch indicates that he is not addressing any specific member of U-KISS. Since the radio announcer is aware that four out six members lack English language capability, he delivers his question in Korean.

The purpose of delivering the question in Korean is that to avoid misunderstanding for all of the addressees and make the members of U-KISS who

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do not understand well feel involved to the conversation. Therefore, it can be stated that the type of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop

Program on 9 June 2014 functions as addressee specification is inter-sentential switching.

2. Interjection

Interjection as the function is used to mark an interjection or sentence filler. The use of interjection is usually to express more about the feeling or emotion of the speaker (Gumperz, 1982, p. 77). According to the findings, there are 7 cases of code switching which function as addressee specification. Some examples are provided below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(78)/UT(518) Jom = [PLEASE.] Context of the Conversation 516. 1KYNE Soohyun. This one is from Philippine and her name is Yhey. (reading the fan‟s message) “Jun and Soohyun, can you please blow me a kiss?” 517. Kevin Khamera bogo Yheyhante… [LOOK AT THE CAMERA AND FOR YHEY] 518. 1KYNE Khamera bosigo kiss jom… [LOOK AT THE CAMERA AND PLEASE KISS...]

The context when the code switching case occurs is the main contribution in order to determine what function of the code switching is. The context when

DT(47)/UT(295) occurs is that in the previous, the radio announcer has explained that someone asks Jun and Soohyun to blow a kiss for her. Thus, the radio announcer uses a Korean exclamation “jom” in order to soften the request of the radio announcer.

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Based on the context, the code switching produced by the radio announcer

“jom” which means “please” in English functions interjection. The case of code switching does not contribute any specific meaning. If the code switching is deleted, the flow of the conversation will not be distracted. The next example of interjection is explained below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(41)/UT(259) Ne, ne. = [YES, YES.] Context of the Conversation 256. Jun Jeoneun ilbon kagosipeoyo… [I WOULD LIKE TO GO TO JAPAN] 257. 1KYNE Ah! Ilbon. [OH! JAPAN.] 258. Jun Geuttae hyeongdeurirang gatchi ilbone jamkkan kasseottneunde… [AT THAT TIME I WENT TO JAPAN FOR A WHILE WITH THE OTHER MEMBERS...] 259. 1KYNE Ne, ne. [YES, YES] 260. Jun Hwansangieosseoyo. Mwodeun cheom kattneunde neomu johaseo. Najunge hyugareul badeumyeon honja ilbone kago sipeoyo. [IT WAS A DREAM. IT WAS GOOD BECAUSE I WENT FOR THE FIRST TIME. NEXT TIME WHEN I GET HOLIDAY, I WANT TO GO TO JAPAN ALONE.] 261. 1KYNE So Jun wants to go to Japan because when he went for first time, it was very fantastic and he had good memories. And yeah it‟s a great country. I have been there three times. Hoonssineunyo? [MR. HOON?]

In DT(41)/UT(259), the case of code switching appears as a short exclamation. For this case, the short exclamation “ne”, which means “yes” in

English,” is repeated. It occurs twice within an utterance.

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The language switch here has nothing to do with the main message of the utterance. If the short exclamation “Ne, ne” is omitted, the flow of the interview will not be distracted. In this context, the radio announcer utters “ne” in the middle of Jun‟s explanation. In this context, Jun is trying to explain why he chooses Japan as his travel destination. This Korean exclamation is used as a response to show that the radio announcer is paying attention to Jun‟s explanation and he wants Jun to continue to explain his reason.

According to the analysis above, both cases which functions as interjection have the same type, tag switching. In conclusion, the type of all the code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014 functions as interjection is tag switching.

3. Reiteration

Reiteration as the function of code switching occurs when a message is restated in the other code. The form of code switching could be a literal translation or a paraphrase (Gumperz, 1982, p. 77). It can function as a clarification or emphasis of what the meaning of their message is. Based on findings, there are 32 cases of code switching which function as reiteration. Some examples are provided below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(85)/UT(589) Finlandeseo wattseumnida. = [ANOTHER MESSAGE CAME FROM FINLAND.] Context of the Conversation 589. 1KYNE Alright, we have another one from Finland. Finlandeseo wattseumnida. [ANOTHER MESSAGE CAME FROM FINLAND.] 590. Soohyun Finland. 591. 1KYNE Her name is Ellena. 592. Kevin Hi Ellena.

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593 1KYNE (reading the fan‟s message) “To U-KISS. I love you guys so much. Can you come to Finland someday?” Finland ka bon jeok ittnayo? [HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO FINLAND?] 594. Kevin Ajik obseoyo [NOT YET.] Not yet.

According to DT(85)/UT(589), the language switch “Finlandeseo wattseumnida” which means “Another message came from Finland” functions as reiteration. The type of this case of code switching is inter-sentential switching.

The language switch here occurs in the second sentence: “Alright, we have another one from Finland. Finlandeseo wattseumnida.” The second sentence is a

Korean translation of the first sentence so both the main points are similar.

The context of the utterance is that the radio announcer changes the topic by telling to U-KISS that there is a new message sent from Finland. The radio announcer translates the first sentence into Korean to emphasize the sentence. The next example of reiteration is explained below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(26)/UT(182) Wanjeon segye ka bon geot gateunde. = [IT SEEMS LIKE YOU HAVE BEEN ALL AROUND THE WORLD.] Context of the Conversation 158. 1KYNE So I am curious what countries have you guys been to? Yeotaekkaji kabwadeon nara eodi kabwasseoyo? [WHAT COUNTRIES HAVE YOU VISITED SO FAR?] 159. Soohyun Jeongmal manhi kattneundeyo. [WE HAVE VISTIED SO MANY COUNTRIES.] 160. Eli Geujyo. [RIGHT.] 161. Soohyun Da yegihaeyo? [DO I HAVE TO TELL ALL OF THEM?] 162 1KYNE Ne. [YES.] (…)

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178. Eli Guam. 179. Soohyun Guam. 180. Hoon Ah hanguk. [SOUTH KOREA.] 181. Soohyun Hanguk. Eomcheong manhi... [SOUTH KOREA. SO MANY...] 182. 1KYNE Basically you guys been all around the world. Wanjeon segye ka bon geot gateunde. Geu ingi bigyeori mworago saenggakhaseyo? [IT SEEMS LIKE YOU HAVE BEEN ALL AROUND THE WORLD. WHAT IS THE SECRET OF YOUR POPULARITY?] What is your secret to your popularity?

Based on DT(26)/UT(182), the language switch “Wanjeon segye ka bon geot gateunde” which means “It seems like you have been all around the world” functions as reiteration and appears as a sentence. The type of the code switching is inter-sentential switching. The language switch here occurs in the second sentence: “Basically you guys been all around the world. Wanjeon segye ka bon geot gateunde. Geu ingi bigyeori mworago saenggakhaseyo? What is your secret to your popularity?” The second sentence of the utterance is a Korean translation of the first sentence so both the main point is similar.

The context of the utterance is that the radio announcer concludes that U-

KISS have been all around the world based on the list of the countries that they have been to. The radio announcer translates the first sentence “Basically you guys been all around the world” into Korean in order to emphasize the sentence.

The next example of reiteration is explained below.

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Code Utterance and Translation DT(61)/UT(399) Rolmodel nuguseyo? = [WHO‟S YOUR ROLE MODEL?] Context of the Conversation 397. 1KYNE If you see Jun up front, like next to me, is very a good looking guy. I can see why girls really like Jun. Alright, this question is for Kiseop… 398. Kiseop Yeah. 399. 1KYNE And this one is from USA, Marakh. (reading the fan‟s message) “Who‟s your role model?” Rolmodel nuguseyo? [WHO‟S YOUR ROLE MODEL?] 400. Kiseop Jeoneun Chris Brown. [I‟M CHRIS BROWN.] 401. U-KISS Ooo…

According to DT(61)/UT(399), the language switch “Rolmodel nuguseyo?” which means “Who‟s your role model?” functions as reiteration. The type of this code switching case is inter-sentential switching. The language switch here occurs in the third sentence of the utterance: “And this one is from USA,

Marakh. (reading the fan‟s message) “Who‟s your role model?” Rolmodel nuguseyo?” The main point of both the second and third sentence is same.

In this case, a fan from The USA named Marakh asks Kiseop about who his role model is. After reading the original message which is written in English, the radio announcer translates the message into Korean for Kiseop. For this case, the reason why the radio announcer restates “Who‟s your role model?” to

“Rolmodel nuguseyo?” is that to emphasize what is being asked by Marakh.

Based on the analysis, the type of code switching which functions as reiteration can be seen through this part. Both of the examples displayed in this part here have the same type which is inter-sentential switching. Therefore, it can be concluded that the type of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super

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K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014 functions as reiteration is inter-sentential switching.

4. Message Qualification

Message qualification occurs when the speaker wants to give more explanations for the main topic which has been stated in the preceding (Gumperz,

1982, p. 79). According to the findings, there are 11 cases of code switching which function as message qualification. Some examples are provided below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(89)/UT(606) Ireumeun Ethan. = [HIS NAME IS ETHAN.] Context of the Conversation 603. 1KYNE They wanna go to Finland. I wanna go to Finland. Next one is from Egypt. 604. Soohyun Egypteu? [EGYPT?] 605. U-KISS Waa! 606. 1KYNE Egypteseodo wattseumnida. Ireumeun Ethan. [THE NEXT MESSAGE EVEN CAME FROM EGYPT. HIS NAME IS ETHAN.] 607. Kevin Ethan. 608. Eli Ethan.

According to DT(89)/UT(606), the language switch “Ireumeun Ethan” which means “His name is Ethan” appears as a subject and it functions as message qualification. The type of this code switching case is inter-sentential switching.

The context of this code switching case is the radio announcer gives information to U-KISS that another message from an Australian fan. He adds additional information about the name of the sender, Ethan. Functioning as message qualification means the case of code switching plays a role as a supporting message of the main message.

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At this point, the main message can be found in the first sentence of the utterance “Egypteseodo wattseumnida (The next message even came from

Egypt).” In this case, the supporting message and the main message occur within an utterance. The next example of addressee specification is explained below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(76)/UT(485) Majimak Romania, Mirela = [THE LAST IS FROM ROMANIA, MIRELA] Context of the Conversation 467. 1KYNE Banggeum eungwonmeseji eomcheong manhi derowattseumnida. [WE GOT SO MANY MESSAGES OF SUPPORT.] This one is from Sweden, Amina. 468. Kevin Sweden. 469. 1KYNE Can you guys say “Hi Amina”? 470. U-KISS Hi Amina… 471. 1KYNE And the next one is from Colombia, Laura. 472. U-KISS Hi Laura… (…) 485. 1KYNE Majimak Romania, Mirela. [THE LAST IS FROM ROMANIA, MIRELA] 486. U-KISS Romania… Mirela…

According to DT(76)/UT(485), the language switch “majimak” which means “last” in English appears as a single word of the sentence. Thus, the type of this code switching case is intra-sentential switching. This case of code switching functions as message qualification because it serves to support the main message.

The main message of this case can be seen in the first sentence of utterance 467

“Banggeum eungwonmesiji eomcheong manhi derowattseumnida. (We got so many messages of support.)” The supporting message and the main message do not occur within an utterance because of the multiple overlaps in the conversation.

The context when the case of code switching occurs is that the radio announcer tries to convey is that highlighting the last support message sent by the fans for U-

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KISS comes from Romania. He also adds additional information about the name of the sender, Mirela.

Based on the analysis of two data in this part, the researcher can draw a conclusion related to the type of code switching functioning as message qualification. The type of code switching in DT(89)/UT(606) is inter-sentential switching, while DT(76)/UT(485) is intra-sentential switching. Thus, it can be said that the types of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop

Program on 9 June 2014 functions as message qualification are inter-sentential switching and intra-sentential switching. However, inter-sentential switching type is more dominant than intra-sentential switching for the code switching cases functions as message qualification.

5. Personalization versus Objectivization

The code switching functioning as personalization versus objectivization reflects an opinion or knowledge of the speaker. In this function, the degree and relative distance of the speaker are involved (Gumperz, 1982, p. 80). Based on the findings, there are 20 data of code switching which function as personalization versus objectivization. Some examples are provided below.

Code Utterance and Translation DT(1)/UT(1) Annyeonghaseyo U-KISS yeoreobun? = [HELLO U-KISS!] Context of the Conversation 1. 1KYNE (playing music intro of the radio) K-Star and live. Now who‟s your favorite K- Pop star? Well here at Super K-pop, we invited your favorite stars, hear them sing live, and talk about their lives and about their music. It can be deep, funny, but we always have a great time. And today‟s K-star and live guest is U-KISS. Now U-KISS is a seven-member-boy group that

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debuted in 2008 with their first single. And recently, U-KISS recruited a new member, Jun, this year, while member AJ is taking a break from promotion to pursue his education. Now the six remaining members recently released the new album, „Mono Scandal‟, which is definitely turning heads for its sexy masculine concept. So, let‟s meet U-KISS „cause we have U-KISS in the building. Annyeonghaseyo U-KISS yeoreobun? [HELLO U-KISS!] 2. Kevin Hana… dul… set… [ONE... TWO... THERE...] 3. U-KISS Hey everyone, we are… U-KISS (laughing)

According to DT(1)/UT(1), the language switch “Annyeonghaseyo U-

KISS yeoreobun?” which means “Hello U-KISS!” functions as personalization versus objectivization. The language switch here occurs as a sentence. The type of this case of code switching is inter-sentential switching since it occurs within sentence boundaries: “So, let‟s meet U-KISS „cause we have U-KISS in the building. Annyeonghaseyo U-KISS yeoreobun?”

After finishing the opening‟s words of the program in English, the radio announcer switches to Korean language to greet the guest star. In other words, the radio announcer produces a language switch which appears as a Korean greeting.

The code switching is related to both the radio announcer and the members of U-

KISS‟ ethnicity. The radio announcer switches his language from English to

Korean becomes a signal of a group membership and shared ethnicity with the addressees, U-KISS. As a result, the addressees feel included to the conversation and put them more at ease. The next example of personalization versus objectivization is explained below.

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Code Utterance and Translation DT(28)/UT(188) Doege bureowoyo. = [I REALLY ENVY.] Context of the Conversation 182. 1KYNE Basically you guys been all around the world. Wanjeon segye ka bon geot gateunde. Geu ingi bigyeori mworago saenggakhaseyo? [IT SEEMS LIKE YOU HAVE BEEN ALL AROUND THE WORLD. WHAT IS THE SECRET OF YOUR POPULARITY?] What is your secret to your popularity? 183. Eli Arirang! 184. ALL (laughing) 185. Hoon Segyero ppeoteonaganeun Arirang deokbunimnida. [BECAUSE OF ARIRANG, WE SPREAD TO THE WORLD.] 186. 1KYNE So, their secret to the popularity basically Hoon said, is Arirang. Eli says Arirang. I really envy you guys. 187. Kevin Why? 188. 1KYNE Doege bureowoyo. Jeodo Electroboyzeuro hanbeon segyero kago sipeunde. [I REALLY ENVY. I ALSO WANT ELECTROBOYZ TO GO ARROUND THE WORLD FOR ONCE.] 189. Kevin You guys are very popular too. 190. 1KYNE But we are not as popular yet as U-KISS. I‟m so glad you guys very popular because I really like you guys.

Based on DT(28)/UT(188), the code switching case “Doege bureowoyo” which means “I really envy” functions as personalization versus objectivization.

This language switch appears as a sentence. Thus, the type of this case of code switching is inter-sentential switching since it occurs within sentence boundaries.

After hearing from U-KISS about which countries they have been to, the radio announcer changes his language to Korean in order to express his personal feeling. He expresses that he feels envy with U-KISS‟ popularity. Since this case of code switching involves the speaker‟s personal feeling, the function of this

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code switching classified as personalization versus objectivization. Therefore, it can be stated that the type of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super

K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014 functions as personalization versus objectivization is inter-sentential switching.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

In Chapter V, the answers of two problems formulation are presented. As mentioned in the Chapter I, the first problem formulation is what types of code switching are used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June

2014. The second problem formulation is what functions of code switching are used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014.

The types of code switching in this research are classified into three which are tag switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching. Based on the analysis of the data, the inter-sentential switching occurs the most with the total amount of the data is 91. The number of occurrence of tag switching is 7, while intra-sentential switching is 1. For the function of code switching, mostly the case of code switching in this study functions as reiteration. The amount of data which functions as reiteration is 32 times. The number of code switching cases functioning as addressee specification is 29 times, personalization versus objectivization is 20 times, message qualification is 11 times, and interjection is 7 times,.

For the first problem formulated, there are three types of code switching can be seen in the radio announcer‟s utterances. The first type of code switching is tag switching. Tag switching means that it involves a tag or a parenthetical in another. As a result, the occurrence of tag switching does not give any significant meaning to the sentence. The second type of code switching is inter-sentential

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switching. Inter-sentential switching appears in the clause or sentence boundaries.

A short pause is a mark the limitation of sentence. The last type of code switching is intra-sentential switching. Intra-sentential switching occurs in a sentence. In this type, if the code switching is deleted, the meaning of the message will be distracted.

The second problem formulation deals with the function of code switching. There are five different functions of code switching can be seen in this study. The first function of code switching is addressee specification. Addressee specification means that the speaker switches to a different language in conveying a message to particular person due to several possible addresses. The second function of code switching is interjection used to mark an interjection or sentence filler. The third function of code switching is reiteration. In reiteration, the message is restated in the other code. The fourth function of code switching is message qualification. It occurs when the speaker wants to give more explanations for the main topic. The last function of code switching is personalization versus objectivization which reflects an opinion or knowledge of the speaker.

Both the first and the second problem formulation are related. In order to determine which type of code switching dominates each function of code switching, the researcher has to distinguish the type of code switching first. The relation between the type and the functions of code switching used by the radio announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014 can be seen in a table below.

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Table 3. The Relation between the Types and the Functions of Code Switching Used by the Radio Announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014

Type of Code Switching No. Function of Code Switching TS IE IA

1. Addressee Specification 

2. Interjection 

3. Reiteration 

4. Message Qualification  

5. Personalization versus Objectivization 

For the first function of code switching which is addressee specification, all data appear as inter-sentential switching. The second function of code switching, interjection, always occur as tag switching. The type of code switching for the third function of code switching, reiteration is inter-sentential switching. The fourth function of code switching which is message qualification, there are two types of code switching, inter-sentential and intra-sentential switching. However, most of the data appear as inter-sentential switching. Meanwhile, the fifth function of code switching which is personalization versus objectivization, all data occur as inter-sentential switching.

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REFERENCES

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Jones, Amanda J. (2013). Overcoming Language Barriers: How Teachers Can Help Dialect Speakers Succeed. Indiana: AuthorHouse.

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Hague: Mouton & Co.

Wells, John Corson. (2006). English Intonation: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Yun, Seong Won. (2009). The Socializing Role of Codes and Code-Switching among Korean Children in the U.S (Doctoral Dissertation). Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma.

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Appendix: The Types and Functions of Code Switching Used by the Radio Announcer in Super K-Pop Program on 9 June 2014

Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P 1. (1) K-Star and live. Now who‟s your favorite K-Pop star? ✓ ✓ Well here at Super K-pop, we invited your favorite stars, hear them sing live, and talk about their lives and about their music. It can be deep, funny, but we always have a great time. And today‟s K-star and live guest is U-KISS. Now U-KISS is a seven-member-boy group that debuted in 2008 with their first single and recently, U-KISS recruited a new member, Jun, this year, while member AJ is taking a break from promotion to pursue his education. Now the six remaining members recently released the new album, „Mono Scandal‟, which is definitely turning heads for its sexy masculine concept. So, let‟s meet U- KISS „cause we have U-KISS in the building. Annyeonghaseyo U-KISS yeoreobun?

Annyeonghaseyo U-KISS yeoreobun? = [HELLO U- KISS!] 2. (13) I‟m so glad that U-KISS is here. Ireohke ✓ ✓ wajusyeoseo neomu kamsahamnida.

Ireohke wajusyeoseo neomu kamsahamnida. = [THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR COMING!]

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Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P 3. (15) And as you know, we have known each other for… ✓ ✓ how many years? Seoro anji eolmana doeeottjyo?

Seoro anji eolmana doeeottjyo? = [HOW LONG HAVE WE KNOWN EACH OTHER?] 4. (32) Eomcheong manhi deureowattseumnida. ✓ ✓ Cheotbeonjjae mesiji ilboneseo wattseumnida. Manami. (reading the fan‟s message) “U-KISS… yeoreonara mallo insareul butakdeurilkeyo.”So, can you guys say “hey” in various count… ah languages?

Eomcheong manhi deureowattseumnida. = [WE GOT SO MANY MESSAGES.] 5. (32) Eomcheong manhi deureowattseumnida. ✓ ✓ Cheotbeonjjae mesiji ilboneseo wattseumnida. Manami. (reading the fan‟s message) “U-KISS… yeoreonara mallo insareul butakdeurilkeyo.”So, can you guys say “hey” in various count… ah languages?

Cheotbeonjjae mesiji ilboneseo wattseumnida. = [THE FIRST MESSAGE CAME FROM JAPAN.] 6. (52) Aelbeom neomu jal deutgoittseumnida. ✓ ✓ Aelbeom neomu jal deutgoittseumnida. = [I ENJOY YOUR

ALBUM SO MUCH.] 7. (54) I haven‟t it on replay, now it‟s time for your chance ✓ ✓ to PR your album right now. Jamkkan aelbeom hongbo

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Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P jom haejuseyo.

Jamkkan aelbeom hongbo jom haejuseyo. = [PLEASE PROMOTE YOUR ALBUM FOR A WHILE!] 8. (58) Ne, khamera bomyeonseo haejuseyo. ✓ ✓ Ne, khamera bomyeonseo haejuseyo. = [YES, PLEASE

LOOK AT THE CAMERA WHILE PROMOTING IT!] 9. (60) Ne, ne, ne. ✓ ✓ Ne, ne, ne. = [YES, YES, YES.]

10. (62) Ne. ✓ ✓ Ne. = [YES.]

11. (64) Ne. Alright so that is song, „Kkiburijima‟, „Quit ✓ ✓ Playing‟ is basically their first concept that having of sexy concept.

Ne. = [YES.] 12. (70) Neomu jal deutgoittseumnida. ✓ ✓ Neomu jal deutgoittseumnida. = [I REALLY ENJOY

YOUR ALBUM.] 13. (75) Mallesiaeseo wattseumnida. Ireumeun Anna Suriya ✓ ✓ Mazeon.

Malaysiaeseo wattseumnida. = [A MESSAGE CAME

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Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P FROM MALAYSIA.] 14. (75) Malaysiaeseo wattseumnida. Ireumeun Anna ✓ ✓ Suriya Mazeon.

IreumeunAnna Suriya Mazeon. = [HER NAME IS ANNA SURIYA MAZEON.] 15. (78) (reading the fan‟s message) “Hi U-KISS! Can you ✓ ✓ guys sing an early birthday song for my sister? Her name is Hanani and she is a Kiss Me just like me.” Hananiran dongsaeng saengilindeyo.

Hananiran dongsaeng saengilindeyo= [IT‟S BIRTHDAY OF HER LITTLE SISTER, HANANI.] 16. (80) Jamkkan saengil norae jom haejul su isseulkkayo? ✓ ✓ Jamkkan saengilnorae jom haejul su isseulkkayo? = [CAN

YOU SING HAPPY BIRTHDAY SONG A LITTLE BIT?] 17. (83) Ne. ✓ ✓ Ne. = [YES.]

18. (92) She says, (reading the fan‟s message) “Hello U- ✓ ✓ KISS! I wanna ask, what is your favorite song from your new album? Ibeon aelbeomeseo kajang johahaneun norae eotteon noraeingayo?

Ibeon aelbeomeseo kajang johahaneun norae eotteon noraeingayo? = [WHICH SONG IS YOUR FAVORITE IN THIS ALBUM?]

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Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P 19. (104) Kabjagi wae noraehae? ✓ ✓

Kabjagi wae noraehae? = [WHY DID YOU SING ALL OF A SUDDEN?] 20. (112) ‘Hana’ dugae ittne! Okay and Kevin? ✓ ✓ „Hana‟ dugae ittne! = [THERE ARE TWO„HANA‟]

21. (115) „Dasi naegero wajwo.‟ Geunde jega jeonchero da ✓ ✓ deureottneundeda joheun geot gatayo.

Geunde jega jeonchero da deureottneunde da joheun geot gatayo. = [ANYWAY I HAVE HEARD ALL THE WHOLE ALBUM AND I THINK ALL SONGS ARE GOOD] 22. (137) Gwaenchanayo. ✓ ✓ Gwaenchanayo. = [IT‟S OKAY.]

23. (144) So yeah… thank you for rapping that. And ✓ ✓ (continuing reading the fan‟s message) “Can you guys say “we love you” to your Greek fans?” Geurikpaen yeoreobundeureul wihaeseo jamkkan “saranghamnida” ireohke haejuseyo.

Greekpaen yeoreobundeureul wihaeseo jamkkan “saranghamnida” ireohke haejuseyo. = [FOR YOUR GREEK FANS, PLEASE SAY “WE LOVE YOU”] 24. (158) I am curious what countries have you guys been to? ✓ ✓ Yeotaekkaji kabwadeon nara eodi kabwasseoyo?

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Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P Yeotaekkaji kabwadeon nara eodi kabwasseoyo? = [WHAT COUNTRIES HAVE YOU VISITED SO FAR?] 25. (162) Ne. ✓ ✓

Ne. = [YES]

26. (182) Basically you guys been all around the world. ✓ ✓ Wanjeon segye ka bon geot gateunde. Geu ingi bigyeori mworago saenggakhaseyo? What is your secret to your popularity?

Wanjeon segye ka bon geot gateunde. = [IT SEEMS LIKE YOU HAVE BEEN ALL AROUND THE WORLD.] 27. (182) Basically you guys been all around the world. ✓ ✓ Wanjeon segye ka bon geot gateunde. Geu ingi bigyeori mworago saenggakhaseyo? What is your secret to your popularity?

Geu ingi bigyeori mworago saenggakhaseyo?= [WHAT IS THE SECRET OF YOUR POPULARITY?] 28. (188) Doege bureowoyo. Jeodo Electroboyzeuro hanbeon ✓ ✓ segyero kago sipeunde.

Doege bureowoyo. = [I REALLY ENVY.] 29. (188) Doege bureowoyo. Jeodo Electroboyzeuro ✓ ✓ hanbeon segyero kago sipeunde.

Jeodo Electroboyzeuro hanbeon segyero kagoseipeunde.= [I ALSO WANT ELECTROBOYZ TO GO AROUND THE

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Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P WORLD FOR ONCE] 30. (199) Qatareseo wattseumnida and her name is Moza. ✓ ✓ (reading the fan‟s message) “Hey! My name is Moza and I love you so much. And my question is since you guys been together, how would you describe your bond or relationship with the group or each other?” Seoro ireohke anji deoge orae dwaettjyo?

Qatareseo wattseumnida. = [ANOTHER QUESTION CAME FROM QATAR.] 31. (199) Qatarwattseumnida and her name is Moza. (reading ✓ ✓ the fan‟s message) “Hey! My name is Moza and I love you so much. And my question is since you guys been together, how would you describe your bond or relationship with the group or each other?” Seoro ireohke anji deoge orae dwaettjyo?

Seoro ireohke anji deoge orae dwaettjyo? = [YOU ALL HAVE KNOWN EACH OTHER FOR LONG TIME, HAVEN‟T YOU?] 32. (201) Saiga eotteseyo? ✓ ✓ Saiga eotteseyo? = [HOW IS THE RELATIONSHIP

GOING?] 33. (203) Ne. ✓ ✓ Ne = [YES]

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Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P 34. (207) You know, seeing you guys... you guys seem very ✓ ✓ close. Jinjja doege chinhae boiseyo.

Jinjja doege chinhae boiseyo. = [YOU ALL LOOK VERY CLOSE.] 35. (217) Let‟s go to Han River soon. Alright, we have so ✓ ✓ many questions, so we have to move on. Ibeon geon migukeseo wattseumnida. Her name is Charmaine. Ibeon geon migukeseo wattseumnida. = [THIS MESSAGE CAME FROM THE U.S.] 36. (225) Geundae Charmainereul wihaeseo ppuing ppuing ✓ ✓ jom haejul su isseulkkayo?

Geundae Charmainereul wihaeseo ppuing ppuing jom haejul su isseulkkayo? = [ANYWAY CAN YOU DO ppuing ppuing* FOR CHARMAINE] *A Korean term used to express cuteness 37. (234) And the question is you guys had sexy concept for ✓ ✓ this album but apeuro hoksi gwiyeoun khonsepteu hal saenggak ittnayo? apeuro hoksi gwiyeoun khonsepteu hal saenggak ittnayo?= [IS THERE ANY THOUGHT OF DOING A CUTE CONCEPT IN THE FUTURE?] 38. (249) Alright. Now another question from Malaysia. Tto ✓ ✓ mallesiaeseo wattseumnida.

Tto mallesiaeseo wattseumnida. = [ANOTHER QUESTION

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Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P CAME FROM MALAYSIA AGAIN.] 39. (251) Her name is Anna Suriah Mazean. (reading fan‟s ✓ ✓ message) “If you guys were given a chance to go on vacation, which place would you choose to go?”Manyake yeohaengeul kal su ittdamyeon eodiro kago sipnayo?

Manyake yeohaengeul kal su ittdamyeon eodiro kago sipnayo? = [IF YOU CAN GO ON A TRIP, WHERE WOULD YOU LIKE TO GO?] 40. (253) Junssibuteo sijakhalkkayo? ✓ ✓

Junssibuteo sijakhalkkayo? = [SHALL WE START FROM JUN?] 41. (259) Ne, ne. ✓ ✓ Ne, ne. = [YES, YES.]

42. (265) Angeuraedo geogi sani eomcheong manhdago ✓ ✓ dereottneundeyo.

Angeuraedo geogi sani eomcheong manhdago dereottneundeyo = [I HEARD THERE ARE LOTS OF MOUNTAINS] 43. (276) Teukbyeolhan iyuga ittnayo? ✓ ✓

Teukbyeolhan iyuga ittnayo? = [IS THERE ANY SPECIAL REASON?]

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Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P 44. (288) You guys are so famous in South America. ✓ ✓ Namieseo ingi eomcheong manhjanhayo…

Namieseo ingi eomcheong manhjanhayo… = [YOU ARE VERY POPULAR IN SOUTH AMERICA, RIGHT?] 45. (290) Eotteohke sijakhasyeosseoyo? How did you guys ✓ ✓ start in South America? I‟m very curious…

Eotteohke sijakhasyeosseoyo? = [HOW DID YOU START?] 46. (301) Colombia. „cause you guys are very famous in all ✓ ✓ the South America countries, now it‟s time to you guys sing live. Ibeon laibeuro dellyeojusilgok sogae jom butakdeurilkkeyo

Ibeon laibeuro dellyeojusilgok sogae jom butakdeurilkkeyo = [I‟M ASKING YOU TO EXPLAIN THE SONG THAT YOU ARE GOING TO SING LIVE THIS TIME.] 47. (310) Groove. Heungiittneun eumakiraseo neomu ✓ ✓ joheun geot gatendeyo.

Ihomiraseo neomu joheun geot gatendeyo = [IT SEEMS GOOD BECAUSE OF ITS EXCITING MUSIC.] 48. (312) Geurigo gasado, gonggamhal su ittneun gasain ✓ ✓ geot gatayo.

Geurigo gasado, gonggamhal su ittneun gasain geot

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Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P gatayo = [FOR THE LYRICS, IT SEEMS LIKE THE LYRICS THAT I CAN RELATE] 49. (318) And… you guys having a sexy concept to this song ✓ ✓ and we have a request from the Philippines. Pillipineseo wattseumnida. Her name is Keith Chriselle. (reading the fan‟s message) “Hi U-KISS! I love your new album. It shows other side of U-KISS. My question is who‟d you think the sexiest member of U-KISS?”

Phillipinneeseo wattseumnida = [A REQUEST CAME FROM PHILLIPPINE.] 50. (320) Maembeojungeseo kajangseksihan maembeoga ✓ ✓ nugurago saenggakhaseyo?

Maembeojungeseo kajang seksihan maembeoga nugurago saenggakhaseyo? = [WHO DO YOU THINK THE SEXIEST MEMBER?] 51. (322) Ne. ✓ ✓ Ne. = [YES.]

52. (336) Da meosittke saenggyeosseoyo. ✓ ✓

Da meosittke saenggyeosseoyo. = [ALL MEMBERS ARE GOOD-LOOKING.] 53. (343) Ne, Moroccoeseo wattseumnida and her name is ✓ ✓ Photania. (reading the fan‟s message) “I‟ve been at school passing an exam when the show airs. So I was wondering

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Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P if it‟s right to submit my question request now, but I‟m doing it anyway.” For this question is for Jun.

Ne, Moroccoeseo wattseumnida. = [YES, A NEW QUESTIONCAME FROM MOROCCO.] 54. (348) Aegyo jom boyeonjul su isseulkkayo? ✓ ✓

Aegyo jom boyeonjul su isseulkkayo? = [CAN YOU SHOW aegyo**?] **A Korean term referring to a cute display of affection often expressed through a cute voice. 55. (350) Khamera bomyeonseoyo. ✓ ✓

Khamera bomyeonseoyo = [LOOK AT TO THE CAMERA!] 56. (352) Ne. ✓ ✓

Ne. = [YES.] 57. (364) So, another question from the Philippines, Marie ✓ ✓ Rose Yongko. This is for Jun. (reading the fan‟s message) “What is your blood type?” Hyeoreokhyeong eotteohke doeseyo?

Hyeoreokhyeong eotteohke doeseyo? = [WHAT‟S YOUR BLOOD TYPE?] 58. (382) (laughing) Alright, thank you so much! Thank you ✓ ✓ for that. And Malaysia, another one for Jun and this one is

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Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P from Jasmine. (reading the fan‟s message) “Can Jun speak a little English for Kiss Mes out there?” Jamkkan yeongeoro ‘saranghamnida’,jamkkan butakhae dallago haeneunde

Jamkkan yeongeoro „saranghamnida‟, jamkkan butakhae dallago haeneunde = [SHE ASKED YOU TO SAY „I LOVE YOU‟ IN ENGLISH.] 59. (385) Ireumi Jasmine. ✓ ✓

Ireumi Jasmine = [HER NAME IS JASMINE.] 60. (393) Geunde ireohke kakkaunikka jinjja ✓ ✓ jalsaenggineyo.

Geunde ireohke kakkaunikka jinjja jalsaenggineyo = [ANYWAY BECAUSE I SIT NEAR HIM LIKE THIS, HE LOOKS VERY HANDSOME] 61. (399) And this one is from USA, Marakh. (reading the ✓ ✓ fan‟s message) “Who‟s your role model?”Rolmodel nuguseyo?

Rolmodel nuguseyo? = [WHO‟S YOUR ROLE MODEL?] 62. (404) Chris Browneui noraejunge johahaneun gok ✓ ✓ isseoyo?

Chris Browneui noraejunge johahaneun gok isseoyo? = [DO YOU HAVE ANY FAVORITE SONG AMONG CHRIS

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Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P BROWN‟S SONGS?] 63. (408) Jamkkan dellyeojuseyo. ✓ ✓

Jamkkan dellyeojuseyo = [PLEASE SING A LITTLE BIT!] 64. (419) Neomu jaemittseumnida. ✓ ✓

Neomu jaemittseumnida. = [IT IS VERY FUN.] 65. (421) It‟s okay. Talking about Hoon, this one is question ✓ ✓ for Hoon and from USA, Maram. (reading the fan‟s message) “Hoon, how‟s your experience working with IU and Jang Geun Seok?” IUssirang Jang Geun Seokirang gatchi il hasyeottdago dereottneundeyo.

IUssirang Jang Geun Seokirang gatchi il hasyeottdago dereottneundeyo, = [I HEARD THAT YOU EVER WORKED TOGETHER WITH IU AND JANG GEUN SEOK.] 66. (423) Eotteosyeosseoyo? ✓ ✓

Eotteosyeosseoyo? = [HOW WAS IT?] 67. (435) Jigeumkkajido yeonlakhaseyo? ✓ ✓

Jigeumkkajido yeonlakhaseyo? = [DO YOU STILL KEEP IN TOUCH WITH THEM TILL NOW?] 68. (446) Khamera bosigo butakdeurilkeyo. ✓ ✓

Khamera bosigo butakdeurilkeyo. = [I AM ASKING YOU

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Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P TO LOOK AT THE CAMERA.] 69. (450) (clapping hands) Norae neomu jalhasineun geot ✓ ✓ gatayo.

Norae neomu jalhasineun geot gatayo = [I THINK YOU ARE REALLY GOOD AT SINGING] 70. (452) Ye. ✓ ✓

Ye. = [YES.] 71. (459) Now it‟s time to hear your song. Daeum gok sogae ✓ ✓ jom butakderilkeyo.

Daeum gok sogae jom butakderilkeyo. = [I AM ASKING YOU TO EXPLAIN YOUR NEXT SONG.] 72. (465) Neomu jal dereottseumnida. ✓ ✓

Neomu jal dereottseumnida. = [I REALLY ENJOYED THE SONG.] 73. (467) Banggeum eungwonmesiji eomcheong manhi ✓ ✓ derowattseumnida. This one is from Sweeden, Amina. Can you guys say “Hi Amina”?

Banggeum eungwonmesiji eomcheong manhi derowattseumnida. = [WE GOT SO MANY MESSAGES OF SUPPORT.] 74. (479) And… Eo? Daeumgeoneun Phillipinneeseo ✓ ✓ wattseumnida. Joanna Rez Camila.

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P

Daeumgeneun Phillipinneeseo wattseumnida = [THE NEXT MESSAGE OF SUPPORT IS FROM PHILLIPINNE] 75. (481) Okay. Hojueseo wattseumnida. Australia, Maura. ✓ ✓

Hojueseo wattseumnida = [ANOTHER MESSAGE OF SUPPORT FROM AUSTRALIA] 76. (485) Majimak Romania, Mirela. ✓ ✓

Majimak Romania, Mirela. = [THE LAST IS FROM ROMANIA, MIRELA.] 77. (518) Khamera bosigo kiss jom… ✓ ✓

Khamera bosigo = [LOOK AT THE CAMERA AND] 78. (518) Khamera bosigo kiss jom… ✓ ✓

Jom = [PLEASE] 79. (553) Now, it‟s time to hear you guys sing live. Ibeon ✓ ✓ laibeuro deullyeojusigo sogae jom butakdeurilkeyo.

Ibeon laibeuro deullyeojusigo sogae jom butakdeurilkeyo. = [I AM ASKING YOU TO EXPLAIN THE SONG THATYOU ARE GOING TO SING LIVE.] 80. (562) Norwayeseo wattseumnida. Ireumi Asma. ✓ ✓

Norwayeseo wattseumnida. = [A NEW MESSAGE CAME FROM NORWAY.]

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P 81. (562) Norwayeseo wattseumnida. Ireumi Asma. ✓ ✓

Ireumi Asma. = [HER NAME IS ASMA.] 82. (565) (reading the fan‟s message) “Can you guys tell us ✓ ✓ about the member‟s sleeping habit?” Maembeo gakjamada i jamjaneun beoreut ittnayo?

Maembeo gakjamada i jamjaneun beoreut ittnayo? = [DOES EACH MEMBER HAVE A SLEEPING HABIT?] 83. (575) Hoksi kkumeseo chumchugo ittneungeongayo? ✓ ✓

Hoksi kkumeseo chumchugo ittnayo? = [PERHAPS ARE YOU DANCING IN YOUR DREAM?] 84. (579) Hanbeon boyeojuseyo jamjalttae. ✓ ✓

Hanbeon boyeojuseyo jamjalttae. = [PLEASE SHOW HOW YOU SLEEP!] 85. (589) Alright, we have another one from Finland. ✓ ✓ Finlandeseo wattseumnida.

Finlandeseo wattseumnida. = [ANOTHER MESSAGE CAME FROM FINLAND.] 86. (593) (reading the fan‟s message) “To U-KISS. I love you ✓ ✓ guys so much. Can you come to Finland someday?” Finland ka bon jeok ittnayo?

Finland ka bon jeok ittnayo? = [HAVE YOU EVER BEEN

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P TO FINLAND?] 87. (596) Geureom jamkkan Finlandpaendeureke hanmari ✓ ✓ jom butakdeurillkeyo.

Geureom jamkkan Finlandpaendeureke hanmari jom butakdeurillkeyo = [SO I AM ASKING YOU TO SAY SOMETHING TO FINLAND FANS!] 88. (606) Egypteseodo wattseumnida. Ireumeun Ethan. ✓ ✓

Egypteseodo wattseumnida. = [THE NEXT MESSAGE EVEN CAME FROM EGYPT.] 89. (606) Egypteseodo wattseumnida. Ireumeun Ethan. ✓ ✓

Ireumeun Ethan. = [HIS NAME IS ETHAN.] 90. (621) And… this one is from Mexico. Meksikhoeseo ✓ ✓ wattseumnida.

Meksikhoeseo wattseumnida. = [ANOTHER MESSAGE CAME FROM MEXICO.] 91. (623) Mexico, Samantha. This is a question for Jun. ✓ ✓ (reading the fan‟s message) “What kind of song does he like to listen to?” Eotteon norae johahasinayo?

Eotteon norae johahasinayo? = [WHAT SONG DO YOU LIKE?] 92. (628) Teukhi jasehan… ✓ ✓

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P Teukhi jasehan… = [DETAILED…] 93. (639) Jamkkan dellijusil su isseulkayo? ✓ ✓

Jamkkan dellijusil su isseulkayo? = [CAN YOU SING A LITTLE BIT?] 94. (643) Ijeolman! ✓ ✓

Ijeolman! = [VERSE TWO ONLY!] 95. (656) He sings better than Soohyun. Switch. But, wow! ✓ ✓ He had a very good voice. Norae jinjja jalhasio.

Norae jinjja jalhasio. = [YOU ARE REALLY GOOD AT SINGING.] 96. (685) I can feel the love as little brother. Hyeonghante ✓ ✓ dongsaeng aneunde…

Hyeonghante dongsaeng aneunde… = [I KNOW A LITTLE BROTHER FOR AN ELDER BROTHER…] 97. (703) So Soohyun takes care of Jun the most. Like, you ✓ ✓ buy him a lot of food? Masittneungeot manhi sajusinayo?

Masittneungeot manhi sajusinayo? = [DOES HE BUY A LOT OF DELICIOUS FOOD?] 98. (716) (reading the fan‟s message) “Who‟s the most ✓ ✓ awkward with the music video?” Music video chwalyeongeseo jeil eosaekhaettdeon saram nuguyo?

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Type of Code Function of Code Switching No. Utterance Switching TS IE IA Q A I R M P

Music video chwalyeongeseo jeil eosaekhaettdeon saram nuguyo? = [WHO WAS THE MOST AWKWARD PERSON WHILE SHOOTING THE MUSIC VIDEO?] 99. (725) Yeojareul jalmollanikkayo? ✓ ✓

Yeojareul jalmollanikkayo? = [BECAUSE YOU DON‟T KNOW WOMAN WELL?]

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI