Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2012 The edeF ral Judicial Vacancy Crisis: Origins and Solutions Ryan Shaffer Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Shaffer, Ryan, "The eF deral Judicial Vacancy Crisis: Origins and Solutions" (2012). CMC Senior Theses. Paper 321. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/321 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact
[email protected]. CLAREMONT McKENNA COLLEGE THE FEDERAL JUDICIAL VACANCY CRISIS: ORIGINS AND SOLUTIONS SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR JOHN J. PITNEY, JR. AND DEAN GREGORY HESS BY RYAN SHAFFER FOR SENIOR THESIS SPRING 2012 APRIL 23, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: OBAMA’S VACANCY CRISIS . 1 I. THE FOUNDERS’ JUDICIARY . 6 II. JURISPRUDENCE FROM MARSHALL TO WARREN . 10 III. FORTAS AND NIXON . 23 IV. DRAWING THE BATTLE LINES . 32 V. ESCALATION: BUSH AND CLINTON . 41 VI. THE CONFLICT GOES NUCLEAR: BUSH AND OBAMA . 50 VII. FIXING ADVICE AND CONSENT . 60 CONCLUSION . 66 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 67 INTRODUCTION: OBAMA’S VACANCY CRISIS On January 20 th , 2009, Barack Obama’s first day in the White House, there were 55 vacancies in the federal judicial system. His first nomination, of David Hamilton for the Seventh Circuit, came only two months later; Hamilton did not win confirmation until November 19 th , 59-39, with only one Republican supporter. By September, the number of vacancies had jumped to 93; the administration had made 16 nominations, with no confirmations. For all of 2010, the number of judicial vacancies would remain above 100, of 874 authorized judgeships, and for more than half of those seats, the administration had not even submitted nominees.