J. Adv. Res. in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Sidhha & Homeopathy Volume 7, Issue 1&2 - 2020, Pg. No. 6-11 Peer Reviewed & Open Access Journal Review Article Physiology of Dhatu Poshan (Tissue Nutrition) Megha Shukla1, Rajesh Kumar Sharma2, Dinesh Chandra Sharma3 1P.G. Scholar, 2Associate Professor & H.O.D., 3Assistant Professor, P.G. Department of Kriya Sharir, DSRRAU, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2394.6547.202002

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Corresponding Author: In Ayurveda human body formed by Doshadhatumalamoolam-hi Megha Shukla, P.G. Department of Kriya Sharir, -Shariram (Acharya Sushruta). Dhatu forms with ‘dha’ (dharana karna) DSRRAU, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. adding with suffixTin.’ ‘ It means in Sanskrit “nirman ke liye mool tatva E-mail Id: (basic elements for construction).” Another is ‘dhranaat dharyati,’ [email protected] which means ‘that which bears.’ The basic constituent unit of a living Orcid Id: being is always a functional cell. By the nourishment fromAahar-Vihar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7741-9051 and Aushadh affect theDhatu nirman. Ayurveda describe seven types How to cite this article: of Dhatu and their sub tissue (Updhatu). There is also a description Shukla M, Sharma RK, Sharma DC. Physiology of about their kshaya (depletion) and vradhhi (enhancement) which is Dhatu Poshan (Tissue Nutrition).J Adv Res Ayur follow an another theory of samaanya- vishesha-sidhhanta. Under Cell Yoga Unani Sidd Homeo 2020; 7(1&2): 6-11. physiology; digestion, absorbtion, metabolism, energy transformation and tissue nutrition can be co-related with Dhatu Poshan Sidhhant.1 Date of Submission: 2020-05-02 Ancient texts very well known about anatomy and physiology of body Date of Acceptance: 2020-06-09 from uterine life to after birth. This review may be helpful to open the door of future research area in the field of reverse scientific approach of Ayurveda in the context of Dhatu Poshana Siddhanta. Keywords: Dhatu Poshan Siddhanta, Ayurveda, Cell Physiology, Tissue Nutrition

Introduction contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin which would harm the Nutrition and Digestion walls of the stomach and mucus is secreted for protection. In the stomach further release of enzymes break down The act or process of nourishing or being nourished. the food further and this is combined with the churning Absorption can occur through five mechanisms: action of the stomach. The partially digested food enters the duodenum as a thick semi-liquid chyme. In the small (1) Active transport, (2) Passive diffusion, (3) Facilitated intestine, the larger part of digestion takes place and this diffusion, (4) Co-transport (or secondary active transport), is helped by the secretions of bile, pancreatic juice and and (5) Endocytosis. intestinal juice. The intestinal walls are lined with villi, and Food digestion physiology varies between individuals and their epithelial cells is covered with numerous microvilli upon other factors such as the characteristics of the food to improve the absorption of nutrients by increasing the and size of the meal, and the process of digestion normally surface area of the intestine.In the large intestine the takes between 24 and 72 hours. Digestion begins in the passage of food is slower to enable fermentation by the mouth with the secretion of saliva and its digestive enzymes. gut flora to take place. Here water is absorbed and waste Food is formed into a bolus by the mechanical mastication material stored as feces to be removed by defecation via and swallowed into the esophagus from where it enters the anal canal and anus.2 In Ayurveda, occurs from the the stomach through the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice help of Pranavaha and Anna vaha srotasa, which aim to

Journal of Advanced Research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Sidhha & Homeopathy (ISSN: 2394-6547) Copyright (c) 2020: Author(s). Published by Advanced Research Publications Shukla M et al. 7 J. Adv. Res. Ayur. Yoga Unani Sidd. Homeo. 2020; 7(1&2) produce the essentialRasa dhatu. This Rasa Dhatu further gross movement; and cardiac muscle, found in the heart, nourishes all the seven Dhatus by their own Srotasa. where it contracts to pump blood throughout an organism. Process of Absorption:3 Nervous Tissue The Summary of Absorption in Different Parts of Digestive System Mouth Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Certain drugs coming in Principal organ for absorption of nutrients. Absorption of contact with the mucosa The digestion is completed here and the water, simple Absorption of water, of mouth and lower final products of digestion such as glucose, sugars, and some minerals and side of the tongue are fructose, fatty acids, glycerol and amino acids alcohol etc. drugs takes place. absorbed into the blood are absorbed through the mucosa into the takes place. capillaries lining them. blood stream and lymph.

Tissue Types4 Cells comprising the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system are classified as nervous (or neural) tissue. Animal tissues are grouped into four basic types: connective, In the central nervous system, neural tissues form the brain muscle, nervous, and epithelial. and spinal cord. In the peripheral nervous system, neural Connective Tissue tissues form the cranial nerves and spinal nerves, inclusive Connective tissues are fibrous tissues made up of cells of the motor neurons.of tissues joined in units to serve a separated by non-living material, which is called an common function compose organs. extracellular matrix. This matrix can be liquid or rigid. For Epithelial Tissue example, blood contains plasma as its matrix and bone’s Epithelial tissues are the large sheets of cells covering the matrix is rigid. Connective tissue gives shape to organs exterior surfaces of organs and blood vessels throughout and holds them in place. Blood, bone, tendon, ligament, the body, as well as the inner surfaces of cavities in many adipose, and areolar tissues are examples of connective internal organs. All glands are composed of epithelial cells. tissues. One method of classifying connective tissues is to The cells of epithelial tissue perform secretion, selective divide them into three types: fibrous connective tissue, absorption, protection, transcellular transport, and sensing. skeletal connective tissue, and fluid connective tissue. There are no blood vessels in epithelial tissue so they have Muscle Tissue to receive nourishment via diffusion of substances from Muscle cells form the active contractile tissue of the body the underlying connective tissue, through the basement known as muscle tissue or muscular tissue. Muscle tissue membrane. Epithelial tissue helps to protect organs from 5 functions to produce force and cause motion, either microorganisms, injury, and fluid loss. locomotion or movement within internal organs. Muscle Co-relation with Functions to Modern Pathology6 tissue is separated into three distinct categories: visceral The seven Dhatus can be co-related to the modern terms or smooth muscle, found in the inner linings of organs; of human pathology as: skeletal muscle, typically attached to bones, which generate

Dhatu Co- Sthana Karmas Kshaya Dhatu Relation (Places /Seats) (Function) ( Deplition) Shram: Less nutrient supply easily leads to fatigue Amasaya Shosha: Lack of nutrients leads to Lymphatics, (stomach), emanciation of body capillary Hrdaya (heart), Prinana (nourishing), Glani: Dizziness Rasa secretions Dhamanis Tushti (satisfying satiation), Shabda sahisnuta-become intolerant to and digestive (arteries vein Rakta-pushti (nourishing) loud sound juices and lymphatics), Ghattate: patient becomes restlessness Twak (skin) Hrudravata: palpitation Hrudayam Tamyati Alpa Cheshtasya Api: Dyspnea on slight exersion

ISSN: 2394-6547 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2394.6547.202002 Shukla M et al. J. Adv. Res. Ayur. Yoga Unani Sidd. Homeo. 2020; 7(1&2) 8

Amla-shishir priti: Desire for sour and Jivana (supporting life), cold foods Yakrit (liver), Usmakara (responsible Sira-shaithilya: Loosness in blood Pliha (spleen), Haemopoetic for body temprature), vessels Dhamanis (blood Rakta (circulatory) Varnakara (responsible Rukshata: Dryness of skin vessels), system for red colour all over the Panduta: Symptoms of anemia Mamsa body), Mamsapustikara Parushata: Roughness (muscles) (nourishing the next dhatu) Suptata: Cracks Mlana: Dullness Bahya (externally Dehalepa (covering over the Aksha glani: weakness of sense adhering to the body forming the contour) organ(eyes) Muscular bone), Abhyantra Cheshtakara (responsible Ganda: spika shushkata: emanciation Mamsa system (internalling for all movement) of cheecks and buttocks, Weakning of forming the Medaspushtikara limbs Avayavas i.e. (nourishment Greeva udar shuhkata: emaciation of organs) of fat the next tissue) neck and abdomen Sphik (buttocks), Swapanam katya: loss of sensation in Udara (inside Snigdha (lubrication to the kati (lumbar)region and outside body), Pleeha vraddhi: sleenomegaly Lipids (Fat the abdomen), Dardhya (stability and Krushangata: body emanciation Meda tissue) Vapavahana plumpiness), Sandhi sphutana: cracking of joints (omentum), Asthipushti (nourishment to Glani-diziness Vrkkas (kidney), asthi dhatu) Akshano ayasa: tiredness of eyes Asthis (bone) Udara tanuta: thinness of abdomen Sakhas Dharana (supporting the Asthi toda: Pain in bones, joints (extremities),Kati body by providing the erect Danta-keha:nakhadishu: Falling of Skeletal (waist), Jaghana posture), teeth, hairs and nails. Hair Falling of Asthi system (pelvis), Prsta Majjapustikara beard including mustaches and teeth. (back), Uras (nourishment the majja Shrama: Tiredness (chest), Siras dhatu) Sandhi shaithilya: Loosness of joints (head) Nervous Asthi saushirya: Emptiness in bones system Asthipurana (filling the Bhrama: Giddiness including cavity of bone), Asthiabhyantra Timir darshana: Darkness in front of bone marrow, Snehana (lubrication), Majja (inside the cavity eyes brain, Balakara (provide strength), of the bone ) Daurbalya, laghu asthi: Thinness spinal cord Sukrapustikara (nourishing weakness and lightness of bones and nerve the Shukra Dhatu) Vata roga apparatus Chirat Praseka: Delayed Ejaculation Shukra-Shonita: Sperm errection with blood In men- Vrsanas Vrushana-Medra Vedana: Pain in testes (testis),Medhra and penile region Reproductive Dhairya (courage), Harsa (penis), In Daurbalya: Weakness Shukra/ system (pleasure), Bala (strength), women- Mukhashosha: Dryness of Mouth Aartava including Garbhopatti (formation of Phalakosa Pandutva: Pallor hormones embryo procreation) (ovaries), Yoni Sadana: Lassitude (genital tract) Shrama: Tiredness Klaibya: Impotency Shukra Avisarga: Non-ejaculation, non- ovulation

ISSN: 2394-6547 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2394.6547.202002 Shukla M et al. 9 J. Adv. Res. Ayur. Yoga Unani Sidd. Homeo. 2020; 7(1&2)

Dhatu Poshan Metabolism and Energy Transformation with Organ System Involved Tissue Nutrition Ayurveda Perspective • Anna Vaha Srotas: Amasya (Stomach) and Vam-Ch- Parshve (Left side organs of body means Gallbladder Saptabhirdehadhataro dhatvo dvividham paunah. and Liver) yathasvaagnibh pakam yanti kittaprasadvat. • Rasa Vaha Srotasa: Hridaya, Dash Dhamaniya ch. chi. 15/15 • Udaka Vaha Srotasa: Talu (Palate Or Oral Cavity) and Kloma (Pancrease) Further (during the process of metabolism) the Dhatus • Pranvaha Srotas: Hridya (Heart) and Mahasrotasa supporting the body undergo two fold conversion into (Gastrointestinal tract) Excertion and Essence having been acted upon by the respective one of the seven Agnis.10 Physiology of Dhatu Nutrition In Ayurveda metabolism there is only three basic mechanisms-Rasa (nutrient effect), Agni (digestion and Digestion in Ayurveda metabolism), and Srotas (microcirculation and tissue Anna-aadankarma tu pranah koshtham prakarshati. perfusion). As the essence of digested and assimilated food or drug reaches to respective Dhatu (tissues), they Tad dravaiyarbhinnasanghata snehane maradutam are nourished well to perform respective functions in gatam. Samanenavadhuto agnira-udirya pavanen tu optimum capacity.Ayurveda mentions about emergence of kale bhuktam.... ch.chi. 15/6-7 various Dhatus in a sequence such as “Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, The Prana-Vayu with receiving function carries the food to Meda, Asthi, Majja, and Shukra.” These Dhatus develop the stomach where the food disintegrated by fluids (juices) sequentially and nourish further Dhatus. For example, and softened by fatty substances gets acted upon by the Rakta Dhatus plays important role in formation ofMamsa , digestive fire fanned bySaman Vayu. which further nourishes Meda. The proper functioning of all the 7 units culminates into an eighth unit known as The amount of food that an individual ingest in depend on “OJAS”, which is considered as the ultimate refinement, the intrinsic desire for food (known as hunger) and the type the supreme nectar that sustains life.11 of food that an individual seeks is determined by appetite. For maintaining an adequate supply of nutrition to the Fundamental of Metabolism body these mechanisms are important. In human there Metabolism, the sum of the chemical reactions that take are mainly two mechanisms of ingestion: 1) Mastication place within each cell of a living organism and that provide 7 or chewing and 2) Deglutition or swallowing. energy for vital processes and for synthesizing new organic Annasya bhuktamatrasya Shadrasasya...... material or enzyme-mediated chemical reactions that take paripinditpakvasya vayuh syat~ katubhavat. place in living matter (metabolism). The human body uses Ch. chi. 5/9-11 three types of molecules to yield the necessary energy to drive ATP synthesis: fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. As soon as the food that has all the six tastes is consumed, The diet needs essential nutrients like carbon, hydrogen, it undergoes the first stage of digestion known as madhura oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and around 20 other (sweet) state during which kapha is produced which is like inorganic elements. The major elements are supplied in froth. Afterwards, while the food undergoing digestion is in carbohydrates, lipids, and protein. In addition, vitamins, its partially digested form, it attains amla (sour) state.When minerals and water are necessary.12 the semi-digested food leaves the stomach, the release of liquid form of pitta known as accha-pitta occurs.When Metabolism can be conveniently divided into two categories: the pakva part (the non-absorbable remnant part after • Catabolism: The breakdown of molecules to obtain the absorption of the nutrients), reaches the pakvashaya energy. The release of chemical energy from food (the colon), the drying effect of agni converts it into a solid materials essentially occurs in three phases. In the mass. There also occurs the release of vata which is katu first phase (phase I), the large molecules that make up 8 (pungent) state. the bulk of food materials are broken down into small Yathasvam savam cha pushnati dehe dravyagunah constituent units: proteins are converted to the 20 or prathak. Ch. chi. 15/14 so different amino acids of which they are composed; carbohydrates (polysaccharides such as starch in plants In body, the substances and their properties and their and glycogen in animals) are degraded to sugars such properties nourish their counterparts respectively.9

ISSN: 2394-6547 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2394.6547.202002 Shukla M et al. J. Adv. Res. Ayur. Yoga Unani Sidd. Homeo. 2020; 7(1&2) 10

as glucose; and fats (lipids) are broken down into fatty into Meda and so on. Thus, the previous Dhatu acts as acids and glycerol. a substratum for the successive one. The time taken for Shukra Nyaya In the second phase of the release of energy from food transformation of Rasa into the as per this is (phase II), the small molecules produced in the first phase- explained in various ways by the seers of yore. As per the Dhatavagni Bhootagni Rasa sugars, glycerol, a number of fatty acids, and about 20 strength of the and the , the Dhatu Dhatus varieties of amino acids-are incompletely oxidized (in undergoes transformation into the successive . this sense, oxidation means the removal of electrons Kedari Kulya Nyaya or hydrogen atoms), the end product being (apart from According to this theory, the process of nourishment of carbon dioxide and water) one of only three possible tissues can be compared to the irrigation of different fields substances: the two-carbon compound acetate, in the form by water from a canal. Crops in a field get irrigated by of a compound called acetyl coenzyme A; the four-carbon creatingKuliya (drains) and Kedar (small pieces of land). The compound oxaloacetate; and the five-carbon compound Kedar (small pieces of land) get irrigated one by one through α-oxoglutarate. Kuliya (drains) in sequence. In the same way, different Total oxidation of the relatively few products of phase II Dhatus of the body get nutrition one by one in sequence occurs in a cyclic sequence of chemical reactions known through Srotasa ( vessels ). The 1st dhatu; Rasa Dhatu, gets as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, or the Krebs cycle.13 nutrition fromAhar Rasa (digested food), Then Rakta Dhatu gets nutrition from the rest ofAhar Rasa and likewise up to • Anabolism: the synthesis of all compounds needed Shukra Dhatu Kedari Kulya Nyaya by the cells. . or microcirculation and tissue perfusion. This nyaya states that the living body is Anabolic pathways, are sequences of enzyme-catalyzed provided with innumerable micro vascular channels ( srotas reactions in which the component building blocks of large ) which carry nourishment to the respective sites inDhatus molecules, or macromolecules (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates (tissues). The cells and tissues are literally perfused with and fats), are constructed from the same intermediates. nutrient plasma but mere tissue perfusion is not enough The two types of pathway are linked through reactions to complete the process of nourishment. This needs the of phosphate transfer, involving ADP, AMP, and ATP, and complementary play of the subsequent two nyayas. (Ch. also through electron transfers, which enable reducing Su 28/4), (Ch Chi 15/36) equivalents (i.e., hydrogen atoms or electrons), which have Ek Kala Dhatu Poshan Nyaya been released during catabolic reactions, to be utilized for biosynthesis.14 Rasa (including rakta) is always , everywhere , continuously Dhatu Poshan Nyaya15 and simultaneously thrown (into circulation) in the body by the vyana Vata performing the function. Rasa while in Some theories of tissue formation and developmentDhatu ( circulation if sticks somewhere due to morbidity in channel, Pushti Nyaya) are elucidated by different commentators it causes disorder there like cloud in the sky causing rain. in this regard. These theories are Ksheera Dadhi Nyaya, Dosa also get aggravated in localized parts in the same Kedari Kulya Nyaya, Khale Kapota Nyaya and Ek Kala Dhatu way. The site of Rasa Dhatu is Hridaya, but it circulates Pushti Nyaya. throughout the body. Even though separate sites have been Kshira Dadhi Nyaya stated for the seven dhatus , they are present throughout the body. Therefore the ahara rasa , which circulates quickly Sarvatmana Also known as the Law of Transformation, or the in the body is stated to nourish all dhatus at the same time. Parinama Paksha Ksheeradadhi Nyaya , the has been the first This method of utilisation of the nutrients derived from of the theories placed forward towards the understanding the food indicates only nourishment of Sthayi Dhatus. Dhatu Poshana Nyaya of the . According to this , the one According to Acharya Charaka, the nutrient homology Dhatu Dhatu transforms into the other successive just as of Dhatus is circulating in the body continuously like a Ksheera the milk transforms into the curd so is the term “ rotating wheel. In the event of the strength of theAgnis is Dadhi Nyaya Nyaya .” As per this , and maintaining them. good, the Dhatuposhana is conducted faster, if they are in Dhatu The term pertain to nutrients also in transit and not decreased state, the Dhatuposhana is slow. According to only to tissue that already exist such as bones, muscles, Acharya Sushruta, rasa develops from the diet in one day. blood etc. The implications of this theory have been sought The circulating fluid i.e. the rasa Dhatu transporting the to be explained in terms of three different hypotheses. nutrients stays in each one of the remaining six dhatus for Dhatus These theories regarding the nourishment of the a period of 3015 kalas. Therefore it takes for the rasa one Dhatu Poshana Nyaya Dhatu are termed as “ .” One becomes month to be formed into shukra in the case of men and the nutrient for the other. This implies the transformation artava in women. The total time taken for the conversion Rasa Rakta Rakta Mamsa Mamsa of the into , into , and of rasa into the seven Dhatus is 18090 kalas. According to

ISSN: 2394-6547 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2394.6547.202002 Shukla M et al. 11 J. Adv. Res. Ayur. Yoga Unani Sidd. Homeo. 2020; 7(1&2) above rasa says in each Dhatu for 5 days and Dhatuposhana organ cells. Even a man does not eat the energy stored by completes in a month that is till the shukra is nourished. liver and transformation the energy when body needs it. Khale Kapot Nyaya Conclusion Khale Kapot Nyaya refers to the selective uptake of nutrients In Ayurveda, Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita by respective cells and tissues in the same way as the birds known about the role of diet in lifespan. Both of them of different species pickup selective grains and cereals from explained about the importance of healthy Rasa Dhatu common harvesting ground because theKedari Kulya Nyaya formation. They explained about the proper physiology provides a total pool of nutrients at the site of all tissues of metabolism and tissue Nutrition in a series of verses. but the different tissues require different specific nutrients Various commentators did commentary on it, which is need and hence there is a need of active selective uptake. As an to re-establishment in another way. This article gives a new example the bone tissue will only take the amino acids and idea for the understanding of these principles in modern minerals like Calcium Phosphorus, while the blood tissue physiology. Ayurveda is ancient but their principles are still will uptake specifically the nutrients like Iron etc. which is in same manners. 16 necessary for formation of blood. Conflicts of Interest: None Discussion References The formation of functional organs and tissues during 1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ embryonic development is a complex process involving PMC4649578/. multiple cell types derived from ectoderm, mesoderm, 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestion. Acharya Charaka endoderm, and the neural crest. quoted in 3. http://www.ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/keboll6.pdf. their text that Embryo is produced from nutrition. Without 4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_(biology). nutrition even survival of the mother would not be possible 5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelium. what to speak the growth of embryo. By malnutrition, 6. Kumar RS. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm 8(4): 2017. conception of embryo is not possible but proper nutrition 7. Charaka S, Sharma PV. Choukhambha Orientalia, fourth alone is not capable for this, the aggregate of all factors edition, 1998, Chikitsa Sthan, chapter 15 verse 6-7 is the cause. The entities derived from nutrition are these page no 250. such as- formation of the body, growth, continuance of 8. http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki- vital breath, contentment, corpulence and vigor (these are 1.32.1/index.php?title=Grahani_Chikitsa. Acharya derived from nutrition). According to physiology 9. Charaka S, Sharma PV. Choukhambha Orientalia, fourth Charaka states about tissue nutrition in a series of verse edition,1998, Chikitsa Sthan, chapter 15 verse 14 Grahani Chikitsa in which is elaborated by Principles of page no 250. Nyayas Chakrapani, Dalahan . Different commentators like 10. Charaka S. Sharma PV. Choukhambha Orientalia, fourth Arunadatta Charaka Smahita and ; commentator on and edition,1998, Chikitsa Sthan, chapter 15 , verse 15 Sushruta Samhita. It can be understand and co-relate page no 251. nearly with digestion, Absorption, metabolism and energy 11. Joshi KS, BhondeR. Insights from Ayurveda for Ksheer - Dadhi Nyaya transformation.Very first Principle translational stem cell research. Journal of Ayurveda is first stage of digestion in which if you want the final & Integrative Medicine 2014; 5(1). Ksheer Ghrita Dadhi product of ( ), it should convert first in 12. Bacha T, Luz M, Da Poian A. Dynamic Adaptation of (Digestion process product). Charaka clearly states that Nutrient Utilization in Humans. Nature Education 2010; dhatus food nourishes , ojas, strength, complexion etc. 3(9): 8. Agni rasa depends on because can’t be produced by 13. https://www.britannica.com/science/metabolism. ch. chi. 15/5 undigested food.[ ]. The second principle of 14. https://www.britannica.com/science/metabolism. Kedari Kulya Nyaya tissue nutrition is directly related to 15. www.charakasamhitaonline.com/vividhas the absorption process of digestion which is mostly occur hitapitiyaadhyay. through the intestinal wall and into the general circulation. 16. Gupta N, Tiwari R. Concept Of Nutritional Dyanamics rd Khale kapota nyaya The 3 principle in this way is which Of Tissue (Dhatuposhana)- An Ayurvedic Approach. resemebles with different tissues require different specific 2016; 4(8). 2564 www.iamj.in IAMJ. nutrients for Dhatu poshana like mamsa dhatu (muscle Tissue) need protein, bones need Calcium supplements and other micronutrients. 4th and last Nayaya is Ek Kala Poshana means “at a time Rasa nourish all the relative dhatus.” This is a continuous process of ATP synthesis in a pathway, runs in different types of tissue to nourish the

ISSN: 2394-6547 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2394.6547.202002