The Campus As a City
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THE CHRONICLE HIGHER OF EDUCATION The THE CAMPUS AS CITY Campus as City Crucial strategies to bolster town-gown CHRONICLE.COM relations and run a thriving 21st-century institution Quality OF Life IT’S WHAT WE DO. From campuses rooted in the center of a major city to an insulated college town, universities have something in common across the Sodexo, world leader in Quality world, they are metropolises full of life, interconnected by people of Life Services, enhances the student experience on campus. working hard to better themselves and the world around them. Just By focusing on services that like cities that are measured by the quality of life they offer their improve quality of life, we impact citizens, from housing and livability to recreation and security, modern our partners’ ability to attract, campuses are held accountable in the same way. In fact, the campus engage and retain students. environment is a determining factor when choosing to attend or stay From dining programs that meet at a university. Sodexo has observed that in addition to the core set the preferences and lifestyles of today’s student to purpose- of criteria by which students and faculty measure an institution, such built environments designed as academic and financial factors, there is also a web of touchpoints to promote the mission of the that shape the campus experience ultimately driving satisfaction, institution, our commitment to happiness and loyalty. improving quality of life spans the entire campus experience. Visit us at www.us.sodexo.com This has shifted the higher education landscape significantly; everyone expects more than an education, they want an experience. This poses great opportunity to us all—educators, business partners and community members—to work together enabling a successful on- campus experience. Operating a college campus is increasingly complicated and requires laser focus; focus that can only be achieved with partnership and exploring new ways to bring value to higher education. Sodexo is committed to furthering this important body of work as the sponsor of this Special Report: The Campus as City as we believe it is critical to listen, explore best-practices and share insights with the higher education community. Working together we can impact every step of the students’ journey – from the choice of their university, to their arrival and assimilation on campus, and on to their departure into the professional world as responsible and successful citizens. SATYA MENARD We hope you find the information in this report valuable and we look forward to collaborating in ways that will positively evolve the nature of CEO Schools and Universities higher education for generations to come. Worldwide Quality OF Life IT’S WHAT WE DO. TABLE OF CONTENTS About the Author From campuses rooted in the center of a major city to an insulated Introduction college town, universities have something in common across the Sodexo, world leader in Quality Even as many campuses have become towns or cities unto themselves, they are also more often of Life Services, enhances the 4 world, they are metropolises full of life, interconnected by people contiguous, physically and operationally, with the towns and cities beyond. student experience on campus. working hard to better themselves and the world around them. Just By focusing on services that like cities that are measured by the quality of life they offer their improve quality of life, we impact Section 1: citizens, from housing and livability to recreation and security, modern our partners’ ability to attract, Running a Modern Campus campuses are held accountable in the same way. In fact, the campus engage and retain students. Leaders must coordinate a complex network of services — like planning and development, housing, From dining programs that meet 10 environment is a determining factor when choosing to attend or stay transportation, and public safety — with constrained resources and heightened expectations. at a university. Sodexo has observed that in addition to the core set the preferences and lifestyles of today’s student to purpose- of criteria by which students and faculty measure an institution, such 18 The Future of Energy Efficiency built environments designed as academic and financial factors, there is also a web of touchpoints to promote the mission of the 22 Making Food Social and Local that shape the campus experience ultimately driving satisfaction, institution, our commitment to Scott Carlson covers the cost happiness and loyalty. improving quality of life spans and value of college as a senior the entire campus experience. writer at The Chronicle of High- Visit us at www.us.sodexo.com Section 2: This has shifted the higher education landscape significantly; everyone The Role of an Anchor Institution er Education. In 20 years there, he has written about a range expects more than an education, they want an experience. This Public-funding cuts, neighborhood crises, and a sense of responsibility have all pushed institutions 26 of issues: college management to take a more active role in their communities. poses great opportunity to us all—educators, business partners and and finance, campus planning, community members—to work together enabling a successful on- 3 Principles for Town-Gown Projects (of Any Size) energy, architecture, and sus- campus experience. 35 tainability. He has written two The Urban Setting: an Asset and an Obligation in-depth reports, “Sustaining 36 the College Business Model” Operating a college campus is increasingly complicated and requires and “The Future of Work,” and laser focus; focus that can only be achieved with partnership and a series on how higher educa- exploring new ways to bring value to higher education. Sodexo is Section 3: tion perpetuates inequality. He committed to furthering this important body of work as the sponsor Bold Bets for the Local Community was the founder and host of The Ambitious projects open up possibilities, but also stir up concerns — and require deep, sustained of this Special Report: The Campus as City as we believe it is critical 38 Chronicle’s popular Tech Thera- engagement with local partners to pull off. to listen, explore best-practices and share insights with the higher py podcast and has contributed to The Chronicle Review pieces on education community. Working together we can impact every step 42 A School for ‘3 to Ph.D.’ Marxist scholars, resilience, and of the students’ journey – from the choice of their university, to their practical skills in education. His arrival and assimilation on campus, and on to their departure into the 44 A Hub for Collaboration work has won awards from the professional world as responsible and successful citizens. Education Writers Association, 46 A Small College’s Entrepreneurial Spirit and he is a frequent speaker at SATYA MENARD colleges and conferences around We hope you find the information in this report valuable and we look 48 A Site for the Future of Flight the country. forward to collaborating in ways that will positively evolve the nature of CEO Schools and Universities Worldwide higher education for generations to come. Lawrence Biemiller, a senior writer at The Chronicle who What’s Ahead covers campus architecture and 50 Town-gown relationships will become more complex — and essential. Colleges can play a vital role planning, among other topics, in uplifting their communities and tackling broader issues like affordable housing and sustainability. contributed to this report. 53 Recommendations Cover illustration by Kevin Van Aelst INTRODUCTION THOMAS KOJCSICH A strong relationship over decades has paid off for both Virginia Commonwealth University and the city of Richmond. hen two students ventured beyond their cam- pus walls, went drinking, and offended — possi- bly assaulted — a tavern owner, townspeople ral- lied to his defense. Tensions were running high, and hundreds of students mobilized as well. It was Oxford, England, in 1355, and the St. Scholastica Day riot claimed more than 90 lives. That may have been the bloodiest clash be- tween town and gown, but it wasn’t the first and certainly isn’t the last. As colleges and universities have established their own enclaves, building up facilities and services, they don’t always pay heed to their surrounding areas. At the time of the riot, townspeople begrudged THE CAMPUS AS CITYW 4 the chronicle of higher education scholars’ privileged status, and universities often meddled in local affairs, writes Alan B. Cobban in English University Life in the Middle Ages. “In the eyes of their citizens, it seemed that the towns of Oxford and Cambridge were being largely taken over by the universities in their midst,” he says. “This created a framework of resentment.” But the two sides depended on each other. And they still do. Even as many campuses have become towns or cities unto themselves, they are also more of- ten contiguous, physically and operationally, with the towns and cities beyond. Today a college performs plenty of the functions of a local municipality: planning, housing, transportation, public safety, health care. Running insti- tutions with growing profiles and footprints, presidents often act as mayors, working to manage multiple offices and contracts, to be good stewards, and to create and enact a vision for the future. the chronicle of higher education 5 THE CAMPUS AS CITY At the same time, campus walls are more po- men from elite families, from the corrupting influ- rous. A college may be its own domain, but being ences of the city, writes Steven J. Diner in Univer- part of a larger place increasingly means support- sities and Their Cities: Urban Higher Education ing it in numerous ways. The public now expects in America. In the latter part of the 20th century, that. And a financially pressured or otherwise some small and medium-size college towns — Ann striving institution may need it.