Making It Happen: Selected Case Studies of Institutional Reforms in South Africa

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Making It Happen: Selected Case Studies of Institutional Reforms in South Africa DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT Public Sector Governance Alam, Mokate, and Plangemann Alam, Making It Happen Selected Case Studies of Institutional Reforms in South Africa Asad Alam, Renosi Mokate, and Kathrin A. Plangemann, Editors Making It Happen DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT Public Sector Governance Making It Happen Selected Case Studies of Institutional Reforms in South Africa Asad Alam, Renosi Mokate, and Kathrin A. Plangemann, Editors © 2016 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 19 18 17 16 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpreta- tions, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Alam, Asad, Renosi Mokate, and Kathrin A. Plangemann, editors. 2016. Making It Happen: Selected Case Studies of Institutional Reforms in South Africa. Directions in Development. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0768-8. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third- party–owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to reuse a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to the Publishing and Knowledge Division, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights @ worldbank.org. ISBN (paper): 978-1-4648-0768-8 ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-0769-5 DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0768-8 Cover photo: © Anton_Sokolov / iStockphoto.com. Used with permission. Further permission required for reuse. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been requested. Making It Happen • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0768-8 Contents Foreword xi Acknowledgments xiii Contributors xvii Abbreviations xix Introduction 1 South Africa’s Lessons in Progress 1 The Landscape in 1994 2 Economic and Social Transformation, 1994–2014 3 Building Inclusive Public Sector Institutions and Implementing Institutional Reforms 5 Cross-Cutting Lessons and Challenges Ahead 9 Notes 11 References 11 Chapter 1 Developing an Intergovernmental Fiscal Framework 13 Catriona Purfield Introduction 13 The Policy Challenge 14 Addressing the Challenge 16 Results Achieved 27 Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 31 Notes 34 References 35 Chapter 2 Increasing Budget Transparency 37 Neil Cole, Aarti Shah, and Gert van der Linde Introduction 37 The Policy Challenge: The Institutional Restructuring of the Budget 38 Addressing the Policy Challenge 40 Results Achieved 48 Making It Happen • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0768-8 v vi Contents Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 52 Note 53 References 54 Chapter 3 Raising Tax Revenue 55 David Hausman and Precious Zikhali Introduction 55 The Policy Challenge 56 Addressing the Policy Challenge 57 Results Achieved 66 Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 67 Notes 69 References 70 Chapter 4 Strengthening Performance Monitoring and Evaluation 71 Kathrin A. Plangemann Introduction 71 The Policy Challenge 73 Addressing the Policy Challenge 75 Results Achieved 80 Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 83 Notes 88 References 89 Chapter 5 Creating an Inclusive and Credible Statistical System 91 Misha V. Belkindas and Phindile Ngwenya Introduction 91 The Policy Challenge 92 Addressing the Policy Challenge 94 Results Achieved 98 Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 99 References 101 Chapter 6 Expanding HIV/AIDS Treatment 103 Patrick Lumumba Osewe and Yogan Pillay Introduction 103 The Policy Challenge 105 Making It Happen • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0768-8 Contents vii Addressing the Policy Challenge 107 Results Achieved 113 Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 113 Notes 116 References 116 Chapter 7 Reforming the Social Assistance System 119 Lucilla Maria Bruni Introduction 119 The Policy Challenge 120 Addressing the Policy Challenge 122 Results Achieved 131 Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 131 Note 133 References 133 Chapter 8 Improving the Delivery of Identification Documents to Facilitate Access to Services 135 John Carneson and Zandile Ratshitanga Introduction 135 The Policy Challenge 138 Addressing the Policy Challenge 138 Results Achieved 145 Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 147 Notes 149 References 149 Chapter 9 Protecting Biodiversity, Rehabilitating Ecosystems, and Promoting Conservation for Development 151 Christopher J. Warner, Claudia Sobrevila, and George C. Ledec Introduction 151 The Policy Challenge 152 Addressing the Policy Challenge 153 Results Achieved 159 Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 161 Notes 163 References 163 Making It Happen • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0768-8 viii Contents Chapter 10 Improving the Management of the National Road Network 165 Ben Gericke Introduction 165 The Policy Challenge 166 Addressing the Policy Challenge 166 Results Achieved 175 Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 176 References 178 Chapter 11 Developing Renewable Energy through an Independent Power Producer Procurement Program 179 Joel Kolker Introduction 179 The Policy Challenge 181 Addressing the Policy Challenge 182 Results Achieved 186 Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 190 Notes 193 References 194 Chapter 12 The Making of the 1996 Constitution 195 Ivan Velev and Nonhlahla Zindela Introduction 195 The Policy Challenge 196 Addressing the Challenge 197 Results Achieved 202 Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 204 Notes 207 References 209 Conclusions: Lessons on Policy Making and Implementation 211 Introduction 211 Key Success Factors in Policy Making 212 Key Success Factors in Policy Implementation 218 Risks to Sustainability 224 The Final Word 225 Making It Happen • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0768-8 Contents ix Boxes 7.1 Mashavha v. the President of the Republic of South Africa 122 9.1 Finding Win-Win Cooperative Solutions to Sustainable Potato Growing in the Western Cape 155 9.2 Protecting Biodiversity, Increasing Water Flows, and Creating Jobs 157 9.3 Getting Sectors to Embrace Environmental Considerations 158 9.4 Combatting Corruption 161 10.1 Impact of the Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project (GFIP) 173 Figures 1.1 Key Milestones and Evolution of Subnational Spending Share In Total Spending 28 3.1 Tax Revenue in South Africa as a Percent of GDP, 1994/95–2013/14 66 4.1 Creation and Implementation of South Africa’s Performance Monitoring and Evaluation System, 1995–2014 79 C.1 Creating a Virtuous Cycle of Change 221 Tables I.1 Key Economic Indicators in South Africa, 1992–94, 2005–07, and 2012–14 4 I.2 Key Economic Indicators in South Africa, 1992–94 and 2012–14 5 1.1 Intergovernmental Budget Relations, 1994 and 2013 29 6.1 Health Expenditure and Outcomes in Selected Upper-Middle-Income Countries 104 6.2 Annual Expenditure on Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa, 2007–12 111 8.1 Performance by the Department of Home Affairs, 1994–2013 137 10.1 Management Responsibility for Paved and Gravel Roads in South Africa, 2014 175 11.1 Results of First Five Rounds of the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Program (REIPPPP) 187 11.2 Average Bids in First Five Rounds of the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Program (REIPPPP) 188 Making It Happen • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0768-8 Foreword South Africa has achieved a lot on its path of socioeconomic transformation since the end of apartheid in 1994. Although many challenges remain to fostering inclusive growth to address the triple challenges of unemployment, poverty, and inequality, some innovative approaches have been used to build more inclusive public institutions. These have helped to expand service delivery, strengthen quality, and improve the lives of millions of South Africans.
Recommended publications
  • New Contree 62.Indb
    New Contree, No. 62 (November 2011) New Contree, No. 62 (November 2011) New Contree, No. 62 (November 2011) New Contree No. 62 (November 2011) A journal of Historical and Human Sciences for Southern Africa New Contree, No. 62 (November 2011) New Contree is an interdisciplinary focussed peer reviewed journal within the Historical and Human Sciences published by the School of Basic Sciences, Vaal Triangle Campus, North-West University. To accommodate more articles from a variety of Historical and Human Sciences disciplines (that especially reflects a fundamental historical approach), this Journal has slightly altered its name from 2008. Opinions expressed or conclusions arrived at in articles and book reviews are those of the authors and are not to be regarded as those of the North-West University or the editorial staff of New Contree. Two editions of New Contree are annually published. Articles appearing in New Contree are abstracted and/or indexed in Index to South African periodicals, Historical Abstracts, and America: History and Life. The Journal is also listed in The Bowker International Serials Database(New York), The Serials Directory (Birmingham, USA), The International African Bibliography (London) and Ebsco Host. New Contree, A journal of Historical and Human Sciences for Southern Africa, is mainly published in English though all the officially accepted languages in South Africa are accommodated in all editions. From November 2011 abstracts will only be in English. Notes for contributors Manuscripts, in any of the official languages, not exceeding 15 pages (approx, (one and a half spacing, 12 font) and on a CD disk or sent via electronic mail to the editor as an attachment in WORD are welcome.
    [Show full text]
  • Marikana Exposes the Limits of the New Afro-Enthusiasm
    4/27/2017 Africa at LSE – Marikana exposes the limits of the new Afro­enthusiasm Marikana exposes the limits of the new Afro-enthusiasm Steve Sharra is a recent graduate of LSE’s Programme for African Leadership. In this post, he urges African governments to weigh the benefits of neo­liberal economics against the widening gap of inequality it creates. As a Malawian, the 16 August Marikana Mine massacre in South Africa invokes the kinds of questions that Malawians asked on 20 July in 2011. Why did the police shoot to kill demonstrators? Was there absolutely no non­violent action the police could have taken, other than killing so many protesters? Were the demonstrators so violent that the police had no option but to shoot to kill? On both 20 July 2011 in Malawi and 16 August 2012 in South Africa, blame has been apportioned on both sides, revealing the ideological worldviews that we use to interpret ghastly events like these. Around the world on 16 August, people’s memories went back to 21 March, 1960. On that day South African police shot and killed 69 demonstrators. As with Sharpeville, one version of events said the police had shot at peaceful, unarmed people, while another version described the demonstrators as armed and having threatened police. Striking miners gather to protest against Lonmin Photo:Siphiwe Sibeko/Reuters President Jacob Zuma cut short a trip to a SADC summit in Mozambique, and urged an end to the finger pointing to let South Africans mourn and allow a commission of inquiry to investigate what really happened.
    [Show full text]
  • Fostering Clean Technology Innovation
    The GEF UNIDO Global Cleantech Programme for SMEs Fostering Clean Technology Innovation in Emerging and Developing Countries “We are creating an innovative, global program supporting small- and medium- sized enterprises by leveraging the Cleantech Open’s global platform with UNIDO’s international network and resources.” — Dr. Naoko Ishii, CEO and Chairperson, Global Environment Facility EntrEprEnEurial innovation is thE answEr to our most prEssing EnvironmEntal problEms, and thE kEy to Economic growth • Innovators are developing ingenious solutions to major challenges in energy generation, distribution and storage, air and water pollution, waste management, new forms of transport and construction techniques. • Entrepreneurship thrives in countries where there’s minimal red tape, strong rule of law, ready access to venture capital, and a vibrant support network for entrepreneurs. • Almost all net new jobs are created by growing small businesses. storage, air and water pollution, waste management, new forms of transport and construction techniques. gEF, unido and clEantEch opEn bring PROVEn EXpEriEncE • UNIDO and the Cleantech Open, with the support of the GEF, have joined forces to launch cleantech platforms and competitions in developing and emerging countries, based on the Cleantech Open’s proven accelerator model originally created in Silicon Valley. • UNIDO has been supporting SME’s in developing countries for over 20 years. • The Cleantech Open runs the world’s largest cleantech accelerator, supporting innovators and entrepreneurs through extensive training, mentoring, showcases and access to capital: • Over 720 startups have completed this process in the United States alone • Over 40% of reporting alumni companies have now raised capital totalling over $800M, creating thousands of jobs • Participating countries will have access to the UNIDO’s in-country resources and to the Cleantech Open’s events, training, materials and an online global platform connecting entrepreneurs to a global network of mentors, investors and experts.
    [Show full text]
  • Narratives of Contradiction: South African Youth and Post-Apartheid
    Narratives of Contradiction: South African Youth and Post-Apartheid Governance By Elene Cloete Ó 2017 Submitted to the graduate degree program in Anthropology and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ________________________________ Chairperson John M. Janzen, Ph.D. ________________________________ Hannah E. Britton, Ph.D. ________________________________ Donald D. Stull, Ph.D. ________________________________ Elizabeth L. MacGonagle, Ph.D. ________________________________ Byron Caminero-Santangelo, Ph.D. Date Defended: May 17, 2017 The Dissertation Committee for Elene Cloete certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Narratives of Contradiction: South African Youth and Post-Apartheid Governance _______________________________ Chairperson John M. Janzen Date approved: May 17, 2017 ii Abstract South Africa’s heralded democratic transition digressed from its 1994 euphoric optimism to a current state of public discontent. This stems from rising unemployment, persistent structural inequality, and a disappointment in the African National Congress-led government’s inability to bring true social and economic transformation to fruition. While some scholars attribute this socioeconomic and political predicament to the country’s former regimes, others draw close correlations between the country’s post-apartheid predicament, ANC leadership, and the country’s official adoption of neoliberal economic policies in 1996. Central to this post-euphoric moment is the country’s Born-Free generation, particularly Black youth, coming of political age in an era of supposed political freedom, social equality, and economic opportunities. But recent student movements evidence young people’s disillusionment with the country’s democratic transition. Such disillusionment is not unfounded, considering the 35% youth unemployment rate and questionable standards in primary education.
    [Show full text]
  • Address by the Minister of Energy, Ms. Dipuo Peters, MP AEG Solar
    1 Address by the Minister of Energy, Ms. Dipuo Peters, MP AEG Solar Factory Launch, Cape Town 20 September 2012 Time: 16h50 Programme Director; Premier of Western Cape Province, Honourable Helen Zille, Leadership of the Western Cape Provincial government; Members of the Western Cape Legislature; Managing Director, CEO, COO and staff of AEG Power Solutions; Distinguished Guests, Members of the media; Ladies and Gentlemen, It is my pleasure to address you on the launch of the AEG Solar Factory in South Africa. Thank you for the kind invitation to share this special day with you. The establishment of a manufacturing facility in this area and South Africa in particular will help us to reduce our dependency on imports and create jobs as envisaged in our policy documents. Let me at the onset commend AEG Power Solutions on this bold step that you have taken. 2 Your initiative augurs very well with government’s policy commitment on localization, and in fact, for us to create the number of jobs as anticipated, we need to localize most of these technologies. In June 2012, the Department of Energy (DoE) together with the Department of Science and Technology (DST) with the help of the International Energy Agency (IEA) convened a national workshop with all relevant stakeholders in government, academia, state owned entities, research institutions to deliberate and formalise the plans on Solar Technology Road map. We have also recently formally launched the South African National Energy Development Institute (SANEDI) which in essence, is responsible for enabling and implementing the energy technology roadmap which supports the long-term policies developed by the DoE.
    [Show full text]
  • Churches and NGO's in Partnership with Government
    Churches and NGO’s in partnership with government against corruption: a Pastoral study in the South African context NR Makungo 12024260 Thesis submitted for the degree Philosophiae Doctor in Pastoral studies at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University Promoter: Prof dr RS Letšosa May 2017 i Declaration I hereby declare that: Churches and NGOs in partnership with government against corruption: A pastoral within the South African context is my own work, that all the sources used and quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references, and that this thesis has not been previously submitted by me for a degree at any other university Ntshengedzeni Robert Makungo i Dedication I dedicate this thesis to my lovely wife Konanani Elsie Makungo, who was the engine behind the completion of this work, and our children Ovhonala, Vhugalahawe and Mufhatutshedzi. I also dedicate this thesis to my parents (Wilson and Masindi Makungo), who were very supportive and providing me with words of encouragement during my studies. I dedicate it to my siblings, Tshililo, Zwidofhelangani, Philip and Elekanyani Makungo, for their overwhelming support during my studies. I also dedicate this work to Reformed Church Trans-Letaba and the church council for allowing me to complete this thesis. I dedicate it again to the North-West University for giving me another chance to complete my studies. I again want to dedicate it to the following families in general, Makungo, Mamida, Netswinga, Phume, Malivha, Mudau, and all relatives and friends. Lastly, I want to dedicate it to the Letšosa and the Hobyane families for their support and encouragement.
    [Show full text]
  • Accountable Government in Africa Perspectives from Public Law and Political Studies
    C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Accountable Government in Africa Perspectives from public law and political studies EDITORS DANWOOD M. CHIRWA LIA NIJZINK United Nations University Press TOKYO • NEW YORK • PARIS Accountable Government in Africa: Perspectives from public law and political studies First Published 2013 Print published in 2012 in South Africa by UCT Press An imprint of Juta and Company Ltd First Floor Sunclare Building 21 Dreyer Street Claremont, 7708 South Africa www.uctpress.co.za © 2012 UCT Press Published in 2012 in North America, Europe and Asia by United Nations University Press United Nations University, 53-70, Jingumae 5-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8925, Japan Tel: +81-3-5467-1212 Fax: +81-3-3406-7345 E-mail: [email protected] General enquiries: [email protected] http://www.unu.edu United Nations University Office at the United Nations, New York 2 United Nations Plaza, Room DC2-2062, New York, NY 10017, USA Tel: +1-212-963-6387 Fax: +1-212-371-9454 E-mail: [email protected] United Nations University Press is the publishing division of the United Nations University. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publishers. ISBN 978-1-91989-537-6 (Parent) ISBN 978-1-92054-163-7 (WebPDF) ISBN 978-92-808-1205-3 (North America, Europe and South East Asia) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Accountable government in Africa : perspectives from public law and political studies / editors: Danwood M. Chirwa, Lia Nijzink. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa
    SOUTHERN AFRICA PROJECT SOUTH AFRICA: TIlE COUNTDOWN TO ELECTIONS Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law 1450 G Street, N.W., Suite 400 • Washington, D.C. 20005 • (202) 662-8342 Issue 5: I anuary 28, 1994 ANC ANNOUNCES NATIONAL LIST FOR NATIONAL ASSEMBLY On January 24th, the African National Congress made public its National Election List for the National Assembly. As reported in the previous issue of Countdown, names will be drawn from the list below to fill seats in the legislature in the order that they appear on the list. Prominent people not appearing on the list such as ANC Deputy Secretary General Jacob Zuma have chosen to serve at the provincial level. [See Issue 4]. Profiles of nominees and lists submitted by other parties will appear in subsequent issues of Countdown. I. Nelson R Mandela 40. Mavivi Manzini 79 . Elijah Barayi 2. Cyril M Ramaphosa 41. Philip Dexter 80. Iannie Momberg 3. Thabo Mbeki 42. Prince lames Mahlangu 81. Prince M. Zulu 4. Ioe Siovo 43. Smangaliso Mkhatshwa 82. Elias Motswaledi 5. Pallo Iordan 44. Alfred Nzo 83. Dorothy Nyembe 6. lay Naidoo 45. Alec Erwin 84. Derek Hanekom 7. Ahmed Kathrada 46. Gregory Rockman 85. Mbulelo Goniwe 8. Ronnie Kasrils 47. Gill Marcus 86. Melanie Verwoerd 9. Sydney Mufamadi 48. Ian van Eck 87. Sankie Nkondo 10. Albertina Sisulu 49. Thandi Modise 88. Pregs Govender II. Thozamile Botha 50. Shepherd Mdladlana 89 . Lydia Kompe 12. Steve Tshwete 51. Nkosazana Zuma 90. Ivy Gcina 13. Bantu Holomisa 52. Nosiviwe Maphisa 91. Ela Ghandi 14. IeffRadebe 53. R. van den Heever 92.
    [Show full text]
  • English, CA, Galindo, HM, Grebmeier,JM, Hollowed, AB, Knowlton, N, Polovina,J, Rabalais,NN, Sydeman, WJ, and Talley, LD
    Human-induced threats to turtles, sea birds and other vulnerable species; overview, needs analysis and stakeholder identification South Africa Prepared for the Benguela Current Convention February 2017 Acknowledgement This project of the Benguela Current Convention’s ecosystem-based management programme is made possible by generous support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway. …………………………………………………… Disclaimer Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessary reflect the views of the Benguela Current Convention and / or Norway. Executive Summary Fisheries and other human activities have direct and indirect impacts on the aquatic and marine ecosystems, which have resulted in growing ecosystem degradation, loss of habitat as well as inadequate management-oriented research, poor long-term monitoring and limited integrated planning of conflicting uses. The focus of this report is the human activities that can be managed and monitored in the BCC environment. The document provides a synthesis of information on human induced threats pertinent to the protection of seabirds, turtles and other vulnerable species, including reference to elasmobranchs, marine mammals and fish species. As the main thrust of the project is to update the National Plan of Action (NPOA) to curb the incidental mortality of seabirds, emphasis has been placed on providing detailed information which will assist in the compilation of the NPOA. Data and suggestions pertinent to the Penguin Biodiversity Management Plan (PMP) and Turtle Biodiversity Management Plan, both developed by the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) are also included. Catastrophic incidents such as oil spill disasters and the long-term impact of plastic debris also fall outside the scope of this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Hier Steht Später Die Headline
    S SOUTH AFRICA:COUNTRY PROFILE Konrad-Adenauer-Foundation February 2014 ww.kas.de/Südafrika Contents 1. General Information: Republic of South Africa ......................................................................................... 2 2. Most important events in the South African history .................................................................................. 3 3. The political System of South Africa ....................................................................................................... 4 3.1 Executive power .............................................................................................................................. 4 3.2 Legislative power ............................................................................................................................. 5 3.3 Judicial Power ................................................................................................................................. 9 4. Economy .......................................................................................................................................... 10 5. Society and development status .......................................................................................................... 13 6. List of references ............................................................................................................................... 17 1. General Information: Republic of South Africa1 State and Politics Form of government (Federal) republic Governance Parliamentary democracy
    [Show full text]
  • The Dynamics of Informal Settlements Upgrading in South Africa
    [Informal Settlements Upgrading in South Africa: A Study Commissioned by Habitat for Humanity International/ EMEA Office, Bratislava, Slovakia] The Dynamics of Informal Settlements Upgrading in South Africa: Legislative and Policy Context, Problems, Tensions, and Contradictions A Study Commissioned by Habitat for Humanity International/EMEA Office (Bratislava, Slovakia) Alhassan Ziblim (Author) Mr Gyorgy Sumeghy Regional Advocacy Manager (Project Supervisor) Thanks to: Dr. Andrew Cartwright Research Fellow, CEU Center for Policy Studies (For the very useful comments) Final Research Report (August 15, 2013) i [Informal Settlements Upgrading in South Africa: A Study Commissioned by Habitat for Humanity International/ EMEA Office, Bratislava, Slovakia] Executive Summary Access to adequate housing remains a big challenge in South Africa, despite efforts since 1994, to deliver affordable housing to about 2.3million poor households through the project-linked housing subsidy scheme. The current housing backlog in South Africa stands at 2.1million households, and approximately 1.2million of these households live in informal settlements, under very precarious conditions, which pose serious threat to their health, safety, and security. Against this backdrop, the government introduced groundbreaking housing policy reforms in 2004, which included a programme devoted to the upgrading of informal settlements. The new initiative, crowned as the “Upgrading of Informal Settlements Programme” (UISP), had the objective to “eradicate” all informal settlements by 2014. After almost a decade of implementation, and practically less than a year to its initial “slum eradication” deadline of 2014, this study sets out to explore the policy dynamics, and implementation of the UISP, through the lens of good governance. It seeks to identify and flesh out the key policy gaps, in order to inform further policy learning.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond the Impasse
    BEYOND THE IMPASSE OUTA’s Submission to the Gauteng Advisory Panel on Socio-economic Impact of e-tolls 2 September 2014 By: Wayne Duvenage Chair: Opposition to Urban Tolling Alliance John Clarke: Consultant Social Worker. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION & SETTING THE SCENE Page 2 2. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW Page 4 3. DEFINITIONS & CLARIFICATIONS Page 10 • The South African Roads Agency • The User Pays principle and I.T.S. 4. GAUTENG’s E-TOLL CHALLENGES Page 12 • Grounds for opposition to e-tolling of GFIP Page 14 5. THE SUCCESS FACTORS OF USER PAYS I.T.S. Page 20 6. INTERNATIONAL I.T.S. EXAMPLESS & CASE STUDIES Page 24 7. THREE BURNING ISSUES Page 27 • Informations Ethics Page 27 • Odious Taxation Page 28 • Crisis of Legitimacy Page 29 8. THE WAY FORWARD Page 31 • OUTA’s Proposed Solutions Page 32 9. CONCLUSION Page 34 10. BIBLIOGRAPHY Page 36 ANNEXURES: 1. FUEL LEVIES Page 37 2. E-TAG RESEARCH & COUNTS Page 38 3a Letter to Sanral Board : GFIP Construction Cost Collusion. Page 39 3b. Response from Sanral – via Werksmans (Attorney) Page 41 4a. TABLE OF COMPLAINTS – Summary Breakdown. Page 43 4b. Examples of complaints Page 44 5. Table of E-Toll Costs and Income (Sanral) Page 48 6. Escalating Costs of GFIP Page 49 1 | Page 1. INTRODUCTION & SETTING THE SCENE We have titled this submission “Beyond the Impasse” to express a genuine desire to work with stakeholders to achieve an accommodation with Sanral and the Transport authorities that has unfortunately eluded us since the Opposition to Urban Tolling Alliance (OUTA), came into existence in February 2012.
    [Show full text]