Hebrew Alphabet Chart

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Hebrew Alphabet Chart Hebrew Alphabet Chart Name Block Print Transliteration Sound „alef a A Silent or glottal stop Bet B B b in ball b b v in very Gimmel G G g in good g G g in good Dalet D D d in dog d d d in dog He h h h in house Vav w v or w v in very or w in win Zayin z z z in zoo Het x j ch in Bach Tet j f t in top Yod y y y in yes Kaf K K k in kick k k ch in Bach Final Kaf % k ch in bach Lamed l l l in look Mem m m m in mom Final Mem ~ m m in mom Nun n n n in noon Final Nun ! n n in noon Samek s s s in sit „ayin [ U silent or glottal stop Pe P P p in pig p p f in fun Final Pe @ p f in fun Tsade c x ts in hats Final Tsade # x ts in hats Qof q q k in kick Resh r r Spanish r in pero Sin f c s in seen Shin v v sh in sheen Tav T T t in top t t t in top or th in thing The Hebrew alphabet has 22 consonants (f and v count as 1). Six consonants at one time had alternate pronunciations with a dot (called “dagesh”). Three of these letters now have different pronunciations, the other three don‟t change pronunciation (though some scholars use alternate pronunciations). These letters are known at the “BeGaDKePaT” letters. B b b v K k k ch G g g g (gh) P p p f D d d d (dh) T t t t (th) Five consonants have alternate forms if they occur at the end of a word Final Kaf % Final Mem ~ Final Nun ! Final Pe @ Final Tsade # Some Consonants have the same or similar sounds. a [ silent or glottal stop b w v x k ch j T t K q k s f s Some letters have similar shapes and are easily confused “look-alike letters” bet b j tet kaf k m mem g gimmel ~ final mem n nun s samek z zayin w vav [ „ayin ! final nun c tsade d dalet r resh f sin % final kaf v shin h he x het t tav Hebrew Vowels Alphabet Name Transliteration Pronunciation Short vowels a; 1 Patah ^ a as in car a, Segol # e as in met ai Hiriq ! i as in sit a' Qamats Hatuf " o as in cost au Qubbuts | u as in put Long vowels a' Qamats2 * a as in car ae Tsere @ e as in obey ao Holem { o as in obey Vowel letters ha' Qamats He *h a as in car ha; Patah He ~h a as in car yae Tsere yod ? e as in obey ya, Segol yod ? e as in obey hae Tsere He #h e as in obey ha, Segol He #h e as in obey yai Hiriq yod ' i as in machine hao Holem He "h o as in obey wO Holem vav o o as in obey W Shuruq W u as in rule Half vowels and shewa a] Hataf-patah & a as in al-a-mode a/ Hataf-segol $ e as in met a\ Hataf-qamats ( o as in oat a. Shewa (vocal) + e as in mathematics a. Shewa (silent)3 none Silent letter 1 The alef is only being used to show the position of the vowel points and is not part of it. 2 Qamats-hatuf and qamats are written the same but pronounced differently. The rules indicating which is being used are complicated, but qamats is far more common, so assume that a' is qamats (a). 3 The difference between the vocal and silent shewa is fairly complicated, but the basic idea is that the silent shewa is used to mark the end of a syllable. .
Recommended publications
  • Heichal Avodath Hashemb
    Heichal Avodath Hashem A Guide to Proper Pronunciation of Hebrew Rabbi Avi Grossman First Edition Introduction .................................................................................5 Exact Pronunciation – How? .......................................................7 The Superiority of the Yemenite Dialect .....................................9 The Letters that have been Confused and their Correct Pronunciations ............................................................................14 The Guttural Letters ...........................................................................................14 .14 Ayin‘ 'ע' The .15 Het 'ח' The 17 Hei 'ה' The .18 Alef 'א' The Non-Gutturals .....................................................................................................18 .18 Waw 'ו' The .20 Tet 'ט' The 20 Tzadi 'צ' The Kaf, Quf, and Gimmel ........................................................................................21 21 Quf 'ק' The The Weak Forms of the Beged Kefet Letters .............................22 Vet .......................................................................................................................22 The Weak Sound of Gimmel.............................................................................. 22 The Weak Dalet ..................................................................................................23 The Weak Tau ....................................................................................................25 The Vowels that have Become Confused and Their
    [Show full text]
  • Emerged from Antiquity As an All-Jewish Possession, Together with Is Interesting
    7+ Yiddish in the Framework of OtherJewish Languages Yiddish in the Framework of OtherJewish Languages there discoverable threads extending lrom these three linguistic groups "Arabic" as a native tongue amongJews (in z.rr.I it will become to the ancient Parsic? These questions have not yet been touched by cle ar why it is more appropriate to spe ak of a separate Jewish language scholarship. with Arabic stock, which.may be called Yahudic) is current among a 2.ro The sunset of Targumic as the spoken language of a major much larger group. On the eve of World War II the number of Yahudic Jewish community came with the rise of the Arabs (z.r.r). A survey of speakers was estimated at about seven hundred thousand. Of course, we the linguistic condition of the Jews up to the Arab period is therefore in have no statistics on the Gaonic period, but by no means can the current place. figure give us any idea of the proportion and the dynamics of Yahudic The frontal attack of Hellenism on Jewish culture failed; but at least in former years. By virtue of the Arab conquests, Yahudic was firmly it was historical drama on a large scaie, and visible signs olJaphet's established in Yemen, Babylonia, Palestine, and all of North Africa, beauty remained in the tents of Shem, to use a stock phrase so popular from Egypt to the Atlantic; even Sicily and southern Italy, which as a in the Haskalah period. Nor will we leave Persian out of consideration rule should be included in the Yavanic culture area (z.I 2 ), were at times in the overall picture ofJewish subcultures, although the phenomenon considerably influenced by North Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • A Basic Chart of the Hebrew Vowels (And a Few Marks)
    A Basic Chart of the Hebrew Vowels (and a Few Marks) Name + Sample How it Sounds Mnemonics (& Some Notes) each A Dagesh looks like a פּ and ,כּ ,בּ .but a 1—( שֵׁגָדּ ) Dagesh dot in a He’ is a make a sound that dot. cannot be held—as ( קיִפַּמ ) Mapik opposed to the sounds .פ and ,כ ,ב of רּ 2. הּ (Heh with Mapik, which looks like Dagesh) sounds like the “h” in “hi.” 3. For all other letters, ignore. Example: ke’ivu-YAH = הָּיוּוִּאֿ ְכּ Meteg A mark that tells us A Meteg looks like the bottom of a stop sign that a syllable should ( גֶתֶֽמ ) be more stressed than being held by a stressed stop-sign-holder telling other syllables in the you to slow down for the ֽר word. stress(ed syllable). Example: -meku-TZE = תֶרֶֽצֻּקְֿמ ret Edited by Rabbi Jonah Rank for the Shaar Shalom Synagogue in Halifax, NS | 06.27.2018 1 A Basic Chart of the Hebrew Vowels (and a Few Marks) Name + Sample How it Sounds Mnemonics (& Some Notes) Sheva Nach No vowel sound. The Sheva Nach makes the sound that you might Just say the) ( וְ ֿשׁ אָ חָנ ) consonant as if no make when you are silent, and the Sheva Na‘ makes vowel were beneath the sound of you saying a (.it ְר really short “Eh” after someone asks you for Example: your opinion about .sif-RO something you disliked = וֹרְפִס Either way, the Sheva In this packet, we looks like the developing bubbles before the always put a line thought bubble rises, above a Sheva Na to helping you figure out make distinct-looking how to respond.
    [Show full text]
  • 4 Read Lesson Flashcards English.Dwd
    g h g g Ug Ig `a `i `e `u `o `ayin + qamatz `ayin + hiriq maleh `ayin + tzereh `ayin + shuruq `ayin + holam Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 P h P P UP IP pa pi pe pu po peh + qamatz peh + hiriq maleh peh + tzereh peh + shuruq peh + holam Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 b hb b Ub Ib na ni ne nu no nun + qamatz nun + hiriq maleh nun + tzereh nun + shuruq nun + holam Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 p h p p Up Ip pha phi phe phu pho pheh + qamatz pheh + hiriq maleh pheh + tzereh pheh + shuruq pheh + holam Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards
    [Show full text]
  • The Kefar Hebrew Phonics Puzzles
    HEBREW PHONICS PUZZLES “A” & “E” Vowels www.thekefar.com @thekefar The Kefar bit.ly/ KefarYouTube [email protected] 24 Cards Educator’s Guide Pronunciation Chart Hebrew Phonics Puzzles © 2018 by The Kefar. All rights reserved. www.thekefar.com HEBREW PHONICS PUZZLES Educator’s Guide Thank you for using The Kefar’s Hebrew Phonics Puzzles! These are great tools for helping learners strengthen their Hebrew spelling skills and increase their vocabularies. This Educator’s Guide will explain how to read Hebrew, and how to use these phonics puzzles with your learners. Reading Hebrew Hebrew is a Semitic language with a writing system in which every symbol (letter) represents a consonant. Vowels in Hebrew are made up of dots and dashes that are added underneath, above, or to the left of Hebrew letters. These vowels, called niqqud, help Hebrew students learn how to pronounce words. As learners become more familiar with the language, and their vocabularies increase, they are able to read words without niqqud, supplying the correct vowel sounds based on their knowledge of Hebrew. There are three vowel sounds in this Hebrew Phonics Puzzles packet: ;These vowels [ ָ ַ ] make the “ah” sound, as in father This vowel [ ֶ ] makes the “eh” sound, as in bed; and .This vowel [ ֵ ] makes the “ei” sound, as in weigh To read, blend the sound of each Hebrew letter with the vowel sound (in that order). Note that Hebrew is read and written from right to left. is pronounced “seifel” - Samech + ei vowel ֵס ֶפל Example 1: The word (sei) / Fey + eh vowel (feh) / Lamed (l) is pronounced “aleh” - Ayin + ah vowel ָע ֶלה Example 2: The word (ah) / Lamed + eh vowel (leh) / Hey (h) Hebrew Phonics Puzzles ©2018 by The Kefar.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Modern Hebrew Standard Average European? the View from European *
    Is Modern Hebrew Standard Average European? The View from European * Amir Zeldes Abstract In contrast with previous work emphasizing European influences on Modern Hebrew as compared to the Biblical Hebrew model adopted by the Hebrew revival movement, this article sets out to examine relevant typological features of Modern Hebrew in its own right. Taking the typological literature on Standard Average European as a starting point, it is argued that Modern Hebrew is in fact quite far from the European type in the majority of pertinent features defined independently of the literature on Hebrew. Notwithstanding the many European influences present in Modern Hebrew, especially in phonology and semantics, and considerable differences compared to Biblical Hebrew, it will be shown that key structural similarities with European languages are remarkably few, and in most cases not due to the revival process at all. Keywords: SAE, Ivrit, Biblical Hebrew, language contact 1. Introduction The typological nature of Modern Hebrew has been the focus of much debate since its infancy. Already in the 1920s, when the first generation of native Modern Hebrew speakers was negotiating what would become the normalized grammar of the new language, 1 views from contemporary Semitists were expressed to the effect that the language spoken by Jewish settlers in British Palestine was in some way inauthentic, ‘un-Semitic’, and in particular European: The attempt to solve that task [=the modernization of Hebrew] without preparation had to lead to a feigned solution: to a Hebrew, that in reality was a European language in transparent Hebrew disguise , with outwardly general European traits and individual language peculiarities, but with only totally superficial Hebrew character.
    [Show full text]
  • A Basic Chart of the Hebrew Vowels (And a Few Marks)
    A Basic Chart of the Hebrew Vowels (and a Few Marks) Name + Sample How it Sounds Mnemonics (& Some Notes) each A Dagesh looks like a dot פּ and ,כּ ,בּ .1 —( שֵׁגָדּ ) Dagesh but a dot in a Hey is make a sound that in the centre of a letter. cannot be held—as ,( קיִפַּמ ) a Mapik opposed to the sounds and a dot in a Vav .פ and ,כ ,ב of without a vowel is a 2. הּ (Heh with Mapik, which looks like ( וּשׁ ר וּ ק ) Shuruk Dagesh) sounds like the “h” in “hi.” רּ 3. If וּ has a vowel vs. under it, over it, or immediately to its הּ left, this is a Vav with a Dagesh—and you vs. can pronounce it like a regular Vav. וּ Otherwise is a Shuruk vowel that makes the sound “u” like in “tutu.” 4. For all other letters, ignore. Example: ke’ivu-YAH = הָּיוּוִּאֿ ְכּ Edited by Rabbi Jonah Rank for the Shaar Shalom Synagogue in Halifax, NS | 10.13.2018 1 A Basic Chart of the Hebrew Vowels (and a Few Marks) Name + Sample How it Sounds Mnemonics (& Some Notes) Meteg A mark that tells us A Meteg looks like the bottom of a stop sign that a syllable should ( גֶתֽ ֶמ ) be more stressed than being held by a stressed stop-sign-holder telling other syllables in the you to slow down for the ֽר word. stress(ed syllable). Example: -meku-TZE = ֶצֻּקְ ֿמ תֶרְֶֻֽֿ ret Makef It doesn’t sound like Makef is like a bridge that connects two (or more) anything; it connects ( ַמ ףֵקּ ) words, and we count words.
    [Show full text]
  • Hebrew in Mediev Al Sp Ain: Aspects of Evolution And
    HEBREW IN MEDIEV AL SPAIN: ASPECTS OF EVOLUTION AND TRANSMISSION* La lengua hebrea en la Espafia Medieval Aspectos de su evoluci6n y transmisi6n SHELOMO MORAG The Hebrew University oj Jerusalem For Menaf!em Haran on his seventieth birthday 0544-408X.(1995)44;3-21J] ש BffiL fculo ofrece una perspectiva general de la evoluci6n de la filologfa y lengua hebreasוRESUMEN: El a 1 e de la historia intelectual de las comunidades judfas en el pafs. Elוen la Espafia del s. X, como pa 1 enfasis se carga en los aspectos socio-lingiifsticos del proceso . fculo trata principalmente los siguientes temas: (a) forma y sentido -el estudio de la palabraוEl a 1 bfblica: Menahem y Dunas; (b) el modelo arabe -referencia al arabe en el estudio del vocabulario bfblico y de la prosodia: actitudes negativas y positivas; (c) aceptaci6n de la influencia arabe y simultaneo rechazo de la asimilaci6n al marco de la cultura arabe: irrupci6n de la entidad lingiifstica y literaria Hebreo-Sejardi; (d) la poesfa y el vocabulario bfblico; (e) poesfa y consciencia gramatical ; (1) algunas lfneas maestras en la formaci6n de la prosa Hebreo-Sejardi (g) la gran revoluci6n: la aparici6n del concepto nah nistar y, consecuentemente, la de la triliteralidad; y (h) la formaci6n de la pronunciaci6n sefardf . ABSTRACT: The paper offers an overall view of the development of the Hebrew philology and the of the intellectual history of the Jewish וHebrew language in Spain in the tenth century, as a pa 1 communities of the country. Emphasis is being put on the socio-linguistic aspects .
    [Show full text]
  • Issues in the Representation of Pointed Hebrew in Unicode
    Issues in the Representation of Pointed Hebrew in Unicode http://www.qaya.org/academic/hebrew/Issues-Hebrew-Unicode.html Issues in the Representation of Pointed Hebrew in Unicode Third draft, Peter Kirk, August 2003 1. Introduction The Hebrew block of the Unicode Standard (http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0590.pdf) is intended to include all of the characters needed for proper representation of Hebrew texts from all periods of the Hebrew language, including fully pointed and cantillated ancient texts such as that of the Hebrew Bible. It is also intended to cover other languages 1 written in Hebrew script, including Aramaic as used in biblical and other religious texts as well as Yiddish and a few other modern languages. In practice there are a number of issues and minor deficiencies in the Hebrew block as currently defined, in version 4.0 of the Unicode Standard (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode4.0.0/), which affect its usefulness for representation of pointed Hebrew texts and of Hebrew script texts in some other languages. Some of these simply require clarification and agreed guidelines for implementers. Others require further discussion and decision, and possibly additions to the Unicode standard or other action by the Unicode Technical Committee. The conclusion reached in this paper is that two new Unicode characters should be proposed; other issues can be resolved by use of suitable sequences of existing characters, provided that such use is generally agreed by content providers and rendering systems. Several of these issues relate to different typographical conventions for publishing of Hebrew texts.
    [Show full text]
  • Hebrew Vowel Points
    The Hebrew Alphabet, Accents & Other Marks Section A Alphabet And Punctuation Second Edition © 2000-2016 Timothy Ministries Page A - 1 The Hebrew Alphabet, Accents & Other Marks HBRW Th lphbt s hrd t mstr; Rdng bck t frnt's dsstr. Nlss h's rd the clssfds, whr trth, bbrvtd hds, th wld-b rdr f the Bbl, prsntd wth th txt, s lbl t trn nd rn wth shrks nd hwls- th Hbrw Scrptrs hv n vwls! AN ALEPH-BET SONG G C G Am G D G G C G Am G D G Aleph Bet Gimel Dalet, Hey Vav (Hey Vav), Zay'n Het Tet, Yod Kaf Lamed, Mem Nun (Mem Nun) a b g d h w h w z j f y k l m n m n G C G C G Am G D G Am G D G Samech Ay'n Pe, Tsade Qof Resh, Shin Tav (Shin Tav) Shin Tav (Shin Tav). s [ p x q r v t v t v t v t Aleph Bet Gimmel Dalet, Hey Vav (Hey Vav), Zay'n Het Tet, Yod Kaf Lamed, Mem Nun (Mem Nun) Samech Ay'n Pey, Tsade, Qof, Resh, Shin Tav (Shin Tav) Shin Tav (Shin Tav). © 2000-2016 Timothy Ministries Page A - 2 The Hebrew Alphabet, Accents & Other Marks Contents HBRW Poem & Aleph-Bet Song ........................................................... 2 Abbreviations ...................................................................................... 4 Moabite Stone ..................................................................................... 5 Paleo-Hebrew Script of the Moabite Stone ......................................... 6 Alphabet Chart .................................................................................... 7 Full Vowel Chart .................................................................................. 8 Reduced Vowel Chart .......................................................................... 9 Special Vowels ..................................................................................... 9 Vowel Points ...................................................................................... 10 Horned Or Shining? ........................................................................... 11 Diphthongs .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Responses to Several Hebrew Related Items
    Responses to Several Hebrew Related Items Jony Rosenne, June 7, 2004. Phoenician While I do not intend to oppose the proposal, there is a problem that should be addressed: The Phoenician script (if it is a script - I don't want to go into that) had been also used to write Hebrew, and there is a certain volume of Hebrew texts in the Phoenician script. They were even sometimes mixed, as was the case that was mentioned with certain Dead Sea scrolls that used the older script for spelling out the divine name. When used for Hebrew, the Phoenician script is equivalent to the Hebrew script, and in this case should not be distinguished for sorting and searching. The situation is not the same as Serbo-Croatian, where the same language is written in two different scripts, because in the case of Hebrew and Phoenician there is an extremely simple and precise rule - there is a one to one correspondence between the Phoenician characters and the corresponding subset of Hebrew, namely the 22 non-final letters. Whatever is the decision of the UTC, this problem ought to be addressed. Meteg It should be noted that the issues discussed in the proposal are relevant to a specific use of Hebrew, namely Biblical Hebrew, and irrelevant to general use. The UTC should consider any possible impact on other users of Hebrew. It should be specified that an implementation of Unicode Hebrew for general use is not required to handle CGJ, ZWJ, or ZWNJ, or to place the Meteg anywhere other than indicated by the combining class, or indeed to display it at all.
    [Show full text]
  • Pronominal Suffixes
    Learning Hebrew: Pronominal Suffixes PRONOMINAL SUFFIXES In Hebrew, pronominal suffixes are possessive and objective pronouns that are suffixes on nouns, prepositions, and the definite direct object marker. When appearing on nouns, they are possessive, as in .her locker. When appearing on prepositions or the definite direct object marker, they are objective as in .to him. There are two sets of pronominal suffixes to be learned . Type 1 (occur with singular nouns) and Type 2 (occur with plural nouns). Singular Plural There are four rules that need to be learned about pronominal suffixes. 1. All pronominal suffixes have person, gender, and number. which will help you to distinguish between Type 1 and Type י All Type 2 suffixes have a .2 2 suffixes. 3. The dot in the letter hey in the third person female singular suffix is a Mappiq and not a dagesh lene or dagesh forte. 4. There are alternate forms for the Type 1 suffixes and should be memorized. MASCULINE NOUNS WITH PRONOMINAL SUFFIXES All pronominal suffixes have person, gender, and number. Type 1 suffixes occur with singular סּוסֵינּו and Type 2 suffixes occur with plural nouns (such as (ּתֹורָ תָן and סּוסֹו nouns (such as .(ּתֹורֹותַי and (ים) When pronominal suffixes are added to masculine plural nouns, the masculine plural ending is dropped. If a feminine noun takes a masculine plural ending it will follow the masculine plural pattern. This also applies when a pronominal suffix is added. עָרֵ יכֶם - עָרִ ים - עִיר FEMININE NOUNS WITH PRONOMINAL SUFFIXES is ה receives a pronominal suffix, the (ּתֹורָ הas in) ָָ ה When a feminine singular noun ends in .(ּתֹורָ ת) ת replaced by .(ֹות) Unlike masculine plural nouns, feminine plural nouns retain their plural ending SINGLE SYLLABLE NOUNS WITH PRONOMINAL SUFFIXES י The plural noun that ends with a .(ָאחִיָך) has a hiriq yod י The singular noun that ends with a .(ַאחֶיָך) never has a hiriq yod PREPOSITIONS WITH PRONOMINAL SUFFIXES In Hebrew, prepositions also take pronominal suffixes.
    [Show full text]