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Mihin Suuntaan Suomi Kehittyy? Liikkuvuuden Ja Muuttoliikkeen Dynamiikka

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Mihin Suuntaan Suomi Kehittyy? Liikkuvuuden Ja Muuttoliikkeen Dynamiikka Elli Heikkilä (toim.) Elli Heikkilä (toim.) Elli Heikkilä (toim.) MIHIN SUUNTAAN SUOMI KEHITTYY? LIIKKUVUUDEN JA MUUTTOLIIKKEEN DYNAMIIKKA MIHIN SUUNTAAN SUOMI KEHITTYY?DYNAMIIKKA MUUTTOLIIKKEEN JA LIIKKUVUUDEN IN WHICH DIRECTION IS FINLAND EVOLVING? THE DYNAMICS OF MOBILITY AND MIGRATION Mihin suuntaan Suomi Siirtolaisuusinstituutti on vuodesta 1975 lähtien järjestänyt viiden vuoden välein Muuttoliikesymposiumin. Instituutti juhlisti 45-vuoti- kehittyy? Liikkuvuuden ja sta toimintaansa järjestämällä kymmenennen Muuttoliikesymposium 2019 -tapahtuman. Symposiumin teemana oli Mihin suuntaan Suomi muuttoliikkeen dynamiikka kehittyy? Liikkuvuuden ja muuttoliikkeen dynamiikka. In Which Direc- tion is Finland Evolving? The Dynamics of Mobility and Migration. Tapahtumassa käsiteltiin muuttoliikkeitä laajasti kansainvälisen In Which Direction is Finland muuton, maan sisäisen muuttoliikkeen ja liikkuvuuden sekä ulko- suomalaisten näkökulmasta. Ohjelma oli rakennettu siten, että en- Evolving? The Dynamics of simmäinen päivä pidettiin englanninkielellä ja toinen pääosin suo- menkielellä. Esitelmöitsijöinä ja alustajina olivat alan kotimaiset ja Mobility and Migration kansainväliset asiantuntijat. Laajan käsityksen maailman muuttoliikkeistä kautta aikain antoi pääpuhujamme Professor Emeritus Patrick Manning USA:sta. Poh- joismaiden muuttoliikkeiden kehitystä tarkasteli toinen pääpuhu- X Muuttoliikesymposium 2019 jamme Senior Research Fellow Timothy Heleniak Ruotsista. Muilta X Migration Symposium 2019 osin Symposiumin ohjelma koostui eri asiantuntijoiden esitelmistä etupäässä Suomen tilanteesta, mutta myös Suomen ja Viron välises- tä työssäkäynnistä, ja ulkosuomalaisuudesta. Kirjaan tuotetut asian- tuntija-artikkelit ovat kielellä, millä ne Symposiumissa pidettiin. Maastamuutto, maahanmuutto sekä maan sisäinen muuttoliike ja liikkuvuus ovat monin tavoin kytköksissä toisiinsa ja ilmiöiden sy- vempi tuntemus on ensiarvoisen tärkeää. Kirja antaa ajankohtaista tietoa julkisen sektorin edustajille, poliittisille päätöksentekijöille, tutkijoille ja laajalle muuttoliikkeistä kiinnostuneelle yleisölle. ISBN 978-952-7399-00-2 (nid.) ISBN 978-952-7399-01-9 (pdf) ISSN 2343-3507 (painettu) ISSN 2343-3515 (verkkojulkaisu) 39 JULKAISUJA 39 www.siirtolaisuusinstituutti.fi Mihin suuntaan Suomi kehittyy? Liikkuvuuden ja muuttoliikkeen dynamiikka In Which Direction is Finland Evolving? The Dynamics of Mobility and Migration X Muuttoliikesymposium 2019 X Migration Symposium 2019 Elli Heikkilä (toim.) Turku 2020 Julkaisuja 39, 2020 Siirtolaisuusinstituutti Copyright © Siirtolaisuusinstituutti & kirjoittajat Tämä teos on lisensoitu Creative Commons Nimeä 4.0 Kansainvälinen -lisenssillä. Tarkastele lisenssiä osoitteessa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Kansikuva: ISBN 978-952-7399-00-2 (nid.) ISBN 978-952-7399-01-9 (pdf) ISSN 2343-3507 (painettu) ISSN 2343-3515 (verkkojulkaisu) Painosalama Oy, Turku 2020 Contents Esipuhe................................................................................................................................... 5 Preface.................................................................................................................................... 7 The Government’s Greetings – Prime Minister Antti Rinne’s Government Policy on Labour Migration.................................................................................................9 – Kalle Myllymäki Forty-fifth Anniversary of the Migration Institute of Finland........................................11 – Tuomas Martikainen Migration in World History................................................................................................18 – Patrick Manning The Wary Welcome: Migration and Diversity in the Nordic Countries...........................................................40 – Timothy Heleniak “The Journey Made Us” – Exploring Journey Memories of Karelian Evacuees and Iraqi Refugees.................61 – Johanna Leinonen Educational Paths of Migrant-Origin Students.............................................................. 77 – Maili Malin Muuttajat, aluetalous ja alueellinen eriytyminen..........................................................97 – Seppo Laakso Family Life across the Gulf: Cross-Border Commuters’ Transnational Families between Estonia and Finland..........................................................................................120 – Keiu Telve Suomalaiset tutkinto-opiskelijat ulkomailla.................................................................134 – Irma Garam – 3 – Dynaaminen ruotsinsuomalaisuus.................................................................................145 – Kai Latvalehto Näkökulma: Ulkosuomalaiset haluavat säilyttää yhteyden Suomeen .....................150 – Tina Strandberg Päätössanat ja katse tulevaisuuteen..............................................................................154 – Minna Säävälä Kirjoittajat...........................................................................................................................158 Ohjelma..............................................................................................................................159 Esipuhe Siirtolaisuusinstituutti on vuodesta 1975 lähtien järjestänyt viiden vuoden välein Muuttoliikesymposiumeja, joista jokaisesta on toimitettu myös erillinen raportti. Symposiumit ovat ajankuva yhteiskunnassa tapahtuneista muutoksista, yhteisenä nimittäjänä muuttoliikkeet. Siirtolaisuusinstituutti juhlisti 45-vuotista toimintaansa järjestämällä kymme- nennen Muuttoliikesymposium 2019 -tapahtuman Turun Taidehallissa 17.–18.10.2019. Symposiumin teemana oli ”Mihin suuntaan Suomi kehittyy? Liikkuvuuden ja muut- toliikkeen dynamiikka.” Tapahtumassa käsiteltiin muuttoliikkeitä laajasti kansainvä- lisen muuton, maan sisäisen muuttoliikkeen ja liikkuvuuden sekä ulkosuomalaisten näkökulmasta. Muuttoliikesymposiumista tehtiin suora videointi, ja videot ovat kat- sottavissa Siirtolaisuusinstituutin YouTube-kanavalla, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMFnJ-Kijeq0lnza5hUS5Kw/videos Ohjelma oli rakennettu siten, että ensimmäisenä päivänä, joka pidettiin englannin- kielellä, toimitusjohtaja Tuomas Martikainen loi katsauksen Siirtolaisuusinstituutin 45-vuotiseen toimintaan. Sen jälkeen saimme kiinnostavan ja laajan käsityksen maail- man muuttoliikkeistä kautta aikain, jota käsitteli pääpuhujamme Professor Emeritus Patrick Manning USA:sta. Pohjoismaiden muuttoliikkeiden kehitystä tarkasteli toinen pääpuhujamme Senior Research Fellow Timothy Heleniak Ruotsista. Muilta osin Sympo- siumin ohjelma koostui eri asiantuntijoiden esitelmistä etupäässä Suomen tilanteesta, mutta myös Suomen ja Viron välisestä työssäkäynnistä, ja ulkosuomalaisuudesta. Vii- meksi mainitusta oli myös paneelikeskustelu ”Aivovuoto vai resurssi? Muuttuva ulko- suomalaisuus” -teemasta. Toinen päivä pidettiin pääosin suomenkielellä. Raporttiin tuotetut artikkelit ovat kielellä, millä ne Symposiumissa pidettiin. Tapahtumassa syntyi monipuolista ja asiantuntevaa keskustelua muuttoliikkeistä ja niiden vaikutusilmiöistä. Tämä onkin yksi Muuttoliikesymposiumien keskeisistä anneista. Maastamuutto, maahanmuutto sekä maan sisäinen muuttoliike ja liikku- vuus sekä laajemmin aluekehitys ovat monin tavoin kytköksissä toisiinsa ja ilmiöiden syvempi tuntemus on ensiarvoisen tärkeää. Muuttoliikkeet ovatkin yksi tärkeimmistä väestöllisistä tekijöistä, jotka muokkaavat eri alueiden aluerakennetta. Alan asiantun- temusta on eri tahoilla ja Muuttoliikesymposiumin kaltaisia monialaisia ja -tieteisiä tapahtumia tarvitaan jatkossa. Siirtolaisuusinstituutin tehtävänä on tarjota laaja-alaista ja monitieteistä tietoa muuttoliikkeisiin liittyvään keskusteluun yhteiskunnassamme. Koronaviruspandemia – 5 – uutena ilmiönä on parhaillaan vaikuttamassa tämän päivän muuttoihin ja liikkuvuu- teen ei pelkästään Suomessa, vaan maailman laajuisesti. Varmasti seuraava Muuttolii- kesymposium 2024 tulee käsittelemään myös sen vaikutuksia muuttoihin. Aika ajoin tulee yllättäviä muutoksia, jotka voivat koskettaa jopa koko maailmaa. Lämpimät kiitokseni kaikille Muuttoliikesymposiumiin osallistuneille arvokkaasta panoksestanne tapahtumaan. Turussa 9.10.2020 Elli Heikkilä – 6 – Preface The Migration Institute of Finland has organized Migration Symposia every five years since 1975. A separate report has also been published on each of the Symposia. The Sym- posia offer a snapshot of the changes that have taken place in society, with migration as the common point of focus. The Migration Institute celebrated its 45th anniversary by organizing the tenth Migration Symposium 2019 at Kunsthalle Turku on 17–18 October 2019, with “In Which Direction is Finland Evolving? The Dynamics of Mobility and Migration” as its theme. The Symposium covered migration extensively from the perspective of international migration, country-internal migration and mobility, and expatriate Finns. The Migra- tion Symposium was recorded live, and the videos can be viewed on the Migration In- stitute’s YouTube channel, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMFnJ-Kijeq0lnza5hUS5Kw/videos. On the first day, held in English, Managing Director Tuomas Martikainen gave an over- view of the Migration Institute’s activities during the last 45 years. Our Keynote Speaker, Professor Emeritus Patrick Manning (USA), then provided interesting and extensive insights on “Migration in World History”. Our second Keynote Speaker, Senior Research Fellow Timothy Heleniak (Sweden), elaborated on the development of migration in the Nordic countries.
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